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- Page 1 PILOT'S OPERATING HANDBOOK 8800 Series 8800 Series Models 8800 Silver & Gold Revision: 1 December 17, 1998 RYAN INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION 4800 Evanswood Drive • Columbus, Ohio 43229 614-885-3303 Fax 614-885-8307 Copyright 1998 P/N: 32-2342...
- Page 2 This Pilot’s Operating Handbook is intended as a guide to the capabilities and operation of the Ryan TCAD 8800 Series. Please take the time to read it so that you can get the maximum benefit from your TCAD In order to make learning easier, the following conventions are used throughout this Handbook.
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Page 3: Table Of Contents
THEORY OF OPERATION The TCAD Concept................6 Did You Know?..................7 Getting to Know Your 8800 TCAD ..........10 OPERATOR CONTROLS & BASIC DISPLAYS Ryan 8800 TCAD Controls ..............12 Symbols ....................13 Audible & Visual Alerts ..............13 Basic Displays ..................14 The Air Traffic Shield ..............15 Terminal &... - Page 4 To View threat Data (8800 Gold).............24 To Set the TCAD Altimeter..............25 To Program the Altitude Alerter (8800 Gold) ........25 To Disengage Altitude Alert.............26 OPERATING TIPS Scanning ...................28 "No Alt" Replies................28 Range Considerations ...............29 Display Priority.................30 Dynamic Shield ................30 Data (8800 Gold)................30 Monitoring Traffic................31 Scalloping ..................31 Alert Tones ..................31...
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Page 6: Theory Of Operation
THEORY OPERATION... -
Page 7: The Tcad Concept
"No two aircraft can collide unless they are at nearly the same altitude." The Ryan 8800 Series TCAD utilizes these concepts in the following manner: Transponder reply signals are generated by aircraft as a result of interrogations from numerous sources: ATC, military radars, other government operated radar sites and all Mode S equipped aircraft (almost all airliners). -
Page 8: Did You Know
The Ryan TCAD receives and processes these signals to provide traffic alert information. ATC does not call all traffic. Controller workload may not allow continuous traffic advisories. - Page 9 (left). The Ryan TCAD displays range in indicated Nautical Miles (iNM), based on the typical output from General Aviation transponders. This provides the best...
- Page 10 What information does the TCAD display? The 8800 Silver displays the following: • Up to three threats. • The “host” (your) aircraft’s altitude (as generated by your encoding altimeter and sent to ATC). • Altitude separation between the host and threat aircraft. •...
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Page 11: Getting To Know Your 8800 Tcad
GETTING TO KNOW YOUR 8800 TCAD The Ryan 8800 TCAD is available in two models: the 8800 Silver and 8800 Gold TCAD. The Silver is upgradable to the Gold. No changes to the aircraft’s wiring are required for the upgrade. The following chart describes the differences between the two models. -
Page 12: Operator Controls & Basic Displays
OPERATOR CONTROLS & BASIC DISPLAYS... -
Page 13: Ryan 8800 Tcad Controls
RYAN 8800 TCAD CONTROLS 1. Daylight readable vacuum fluorescent display. 2. Photocell for automatic display dimming. 3. Dual function pushbutton. Primary use is to display information on second threat aircraft. Secondary function is to increase the value of a number when programming the unit. -
Page 14: Symbols
SYMBOLS Special symbols displayed on TCAD are shown below: Threat is above ENRT ( Enroute ) Mode is activated Unrestricted Mode is activated Threat is below ( 8800 Gold ) Feet Additional Threat Indicator Altitude separation is decreasing Additional threat has been selected ( Threat is closing in altitude ) for display Altitude separation is increasing... -
Page 15: Basic Displays
BASIC DISPLAYS There are two basic displays on the Ryan TCAD: When the unit is searching, and When a threat is acquired. The following illustrations show typical displays: Search Configuration 1. TCAD is searching for a threat (“Searching”). 2. The Host Aircraft’s (your aircraft’s) altitude encoder is indicating 6,500 feet MSL. -
Page 16: The Air Traffic Shield
TERMINAL & ENROUTE MODES The Ryan TCAD provides two quickly selectable shield volumes, designated as the Enroute ( ) and Terminal ( ) modes. The dimensions of the... -
Page 17: Unrestricted Mode
the small letter " " is displayed below it, indicating that the alert tones are muted. TCAD will automatically transition from Ground Mode to Enroute Mode after takeoff. When the host aircraft climbs more than 200 feet, the alert tones are restored (the " "... -
Page 18: Imminent Alert
MODE A IMAGES The Ryan TCAD decodes and pairs Mode A and C replies from threat aircraft and prioritizes and displays the data. A few ATC assigned Mode A codes are identical to Mode C codes, making it difficult for the TCAD to determine which of the A/C pair is the Mode A and which is the Mode C. -
Page 19: Data
DATA Pressing the button when a threat is shown will display the MSL DATA altitude The 8800 Gold will also display the threat and transponder code (if available) or N number. This can be helpful to determine if the traffic is VFR, VFR handled by ATC, or has an IFR squawk. -
Page 20: Host Altitude Display
MSL altitude will be displayed. If the altitude features are not used, a barometric setting of 29.92 inches is recommended for the TCAD. Altitude information provided by the Ryan TCAD is advisory only and is not to be used for dispatch purposes. -
Page 21: Altitude Alert (8800 Gold)
ALTITUDE ALERT In the Air Traffic Control environment, an unauthorized deviation in assigned altitude can compromise safety. The Ryan TCAD provides a means to alert the pilot prior to arrival at an assigned altitude or inadvertent changes in cruise altitude. -
Page 22: Tcad Operations & Programming
TCAD OPERATIONS & PROGRAMMING... -
Page 23: Operating The 8800
Now that you’re familiar with the 8800 Series’ capabilities and data displays, you’re probably eager to master the operation of your 8800 TCAD. You’ll find that programming and operation of the 8800 Series is simple and intuitive. This section provides instructions programming and operating your TCAD. -
Page 24: To Change Mute Duration
TO CHANGE MUTE DURATION (The duration traffic tones are muted) 1. Press the PWR/MUTE button twice 2. After setting tone volume (above), press the MUTE button again ress the 3. To increase Mute duration, p button ress the 4. To decrease Mute duration, p button TO VIEW SECOND &... -
Page 25: To Select Enroute Mode ( Enrt )
TO SELECT ENROUTE MODE ( ENRT Press (ENRT). Upon selecting Enroute Mode, TCAD displays the shield size. TO SELECT GROUND MODE (“ ”) When power is applied, the 8800 automatically “wakes up” in Ground Mode, however, if when taxiing in, for example, you wish to select Ground Mode—... -
Page 26: To Set The Tcad Altimeter
TO SET THE TCAD ALTIMETER 1. Press once. (ALT) 2. Press to increase altimeter setting in 0.01 inch increments 3. Press to decrease altimeter setting in 0.01 inch increments 4. Press to increase altimeter setting in 0.10 inch increments (TRML) 5. -
Page 27: To Disengage Altitude Alert
When the Altitude Alert is set for a target altitude and engaged, a short tone will announce that the aircraft is within 500 feet of the target altitude. At the selected cruise altitude, a change of 200 feet will generate an altitude deviation tone. The aircraft must then return to the selected cruise altitude to re-engage the altitude alert tones. -
Page 28: Operating Tips
OPERATING TIPS... -
Page 29: Scanning
SCANNING Appendix 1 contains excerpts from AC 90-48C, Pilot's Role in Collision Avoidance, which provides additional tips on visual scanning. To optimize use of the data provided by TCAD, the pilot should consider where the greatest potential for collision is and how to best sight the traffic. If the threat aircraft is well above or below your airplane, no action is necessary to avoid the threat. -
Page 30: Range Considerations
C traffic above the non-Mode C, so altitude-equipped traffic will be prioritized and displayed appropriately. Good management of shield size will minimize extraneous traffic. Altitude encoders and altimeters are not always accurate, and could lead to errors in the information provided to TCAD. -
Page 31: Display Priority
DISPLAY PRIORITY When more than one threat is available for display, TCAD assigns a priority to each threat. There is greater emphasis on threats at or near the host altitude. The primary threat displayed by TCAD is the threat having highest priority. -
Page 32: Monitoring Traffic
MONITORING TRAFFIC Even when traffic is visually acquired, it may be difficult to maintain visual contact. Monitor TCAD for unexpected changes in altitude or iNM. SCALLOPING Antenna transmission and reception patterns exhibit a property that can be helpful in traffic awareness. The effect, called scalloping or lobing, results from non-uniformity in signal strength around antennas, and can be used as an indication that the traffic could be on a collision course. -
Page 33: Alert Tones
ALERT TONES TCAD is designed to keep the number of audible alerts to a minimum. An alert tone is issued only once for traffic outside the Imminent Alert airspace. This means traffic that momentarily goes beyond the shield limits and then returns will not cause additional warnings. -
Page 34: Built-In Test & Fault Displays
BUILT-IN TEST & FAULT DISPLAYS... - Page 35 An automatic TCAD built-in test function and Performance Monitor is provided. Electronic detection of faults is limited. An observant pilot is the best and most effective monitor of the equipment. When TCAD initializes, the backlighting of the (DATA) button will illuminate first, followed by the rest of the backlit buttons.
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Page 36: Appendix 1
Traffic information provided by the Ryan TCAD does NOT relieve the pilot in command of this responsibility. EXCERPTS Excerpts from AC 90-48C; Pilot's Role in Collision Avoidance. - Page 37 evasive action. The probability of spotting a potential collision threat increases with the time spent looking outside, but certain techniques may be used to increase the effectiveness of the scan time. The human eyes tend to focus somewhere, even in a featureless sky. In order to be most effective, the pilot should shift glances and refocus at intervals.
- Page 38 Pilots are reminded of the requirement to move one's head in order to search around the physical obstructions, such as door and window posts. The doorpost can cover a considerable amount of sky, but a small head movement may uncover an area which might be concealing a threat. Clearing Procedures.
- Page 39 and the basic pilot responsibilities for operating in such airspace. (vi) Contact the nearest FAA Flight Service Station for any pertinent NOTAMS pertaining to their area of operation. Pilots should also be familiar with, and exercise caution, in those operational environments where they may expect to find a high volume of traffic or special types of aircraft operation.
- Page 40 available to pilots and the applicable communication frequencies. (ii) Develop a working knowledge of those facilities providing traffic advisory services and the area in which they give these services. (iii) Initiate radio contact with the appropriate terminal radar or nonradar facility when operating within the perimeters of the advertised service areas or within 15 miles of the facility when no service area is specified.
- Page 41 in the pattern. Enter the pattern in level flight and allow plenty of spacing to avoid overtaking or cutting any aircraft out of the pattern. (iii) When approaching an unfamiliar airport fly over or circle the airport at least 500 feet above traffic pattern altitude (usually at 2,000 feet or more above the surface) to observe the airport layout, any local traffic in the area, and the wind and traffic direction indicators.
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Page 42: Appendix 2
APPENDIX 2 SPECIFICATIONS General Weight: 3.63 pounds (1.65 Kg) with mounting tray Operating Voltage: 11 - 29 Volts DC Current Requirements: 2.4 A @ 14 VDC 1.4 A @ 28 VDC Display dimming: Automatic Shield Limits GROUND: +200 to +1,500 FT; 1.5 iNM ±... -
Page 43: Parts And Service Warranty
18 months from date of shipment to an authorized dealer, or one year from the date of original installation, whichever occurs first. The obligation of Ryan International Corporation is limited to the repair or replacement, at the option of Ryan International Corporation, of products, which prove to be defective during the warranty period. -
Page 44: Customer Support
CUSTOMER SUPPORT We appreciate the confidence you have placed in Ryan International Corporation, and in your avionics dealer. We trust that both the Ryan TCAD and your dealer have met your expectations. If you have questions or comments regarding the Ryan TCAD, please contact Customer Service at 800-877-0048. -
Page 45: Appendix 3
APPENDIX 3 DISCLAIMER The Ryan TCAD has been meticulously designed to provide warning of nearby traffic. As with any device, there are significant limitations. The TCAD can only detect signals if they are received. There are many impediments that prevent the signal from being received, including the lack of interrogation signals, and the relative signal patterns of the transmitting and receiving antennas. -
Page 46: Appendix 4
APPENDIX 4 TCAD LIMITATIONS The Ryan TCAD only displays intruders equipped with operative transponders. TCAD provides no indication of traffic conflicts with aircraft without transponders, or where the threat aircraft is outside a Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) environment. AIRFRAME SHADOWING Microwave energy can be obstructed by the airframes of both the host and threat aircraft. - Page 47 Federal Aviation Regulations state that “When an ATC clearance has been obtained, except in an emergency, unless he obtains an amended clearance.” Traffic information provided by the Ryan TCAD does NOT relieve the pilot in command of this responsibility. See Appendix 3 for other limitations...
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Page 48: Quick Reference
8800 TCAD Quick Reference Guide POWER OFF. Ý PWR/MUTE button. TO MUTE ALERT TONE Þ 1. Momentarily PWR/MUTE button. TO ADJUST TONE VOLUME 1. PWR/MUTE button twice. 2. To increase Tone volume— Press 3. To decrease Tone volume— Press TO CHANGE MUTE DURATION 1. - Page 49 TO SELECT UNRESTRICTED MODE (8800 Gold) 1. Press twice. (ENRT) TO VIEW THREAT DATA (8800 Gold) 1. For Primary Threat DATA— Press (DATA) Threat DATA— 2. For 2 • Press and hold , then press (DATA) Threat DATA— For 3 •...
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