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METER ATMOS 41 GEN 2 Manual

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ATMOS 41 GEN 2

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Summary of Contents for METER ATMOS 41 GEN 2

  • Page 1 ATMOS 41 GEN 2...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    ....................1 2. Operation ....................2 2.1 Installation ....................2 2.2 Connecting ....................5 2.2.1 Connect to METER Logger ..............6 2.2.2 Connect to Non-METER Logger ............7 2.3 Communication ..................8 2.3.1 SDI-12 ....................8 2.3.2 Modbus RS-485 ................8 3.
  • Page 3 3.10.1 Snow and Ice Accumulation ............30 3.10.2 Heavy Rain and Strong Wind ............31 3.10.3 Electromagnetic Interference ............31 4. Service ....................... 32 4.1 Calibration ....................32 4.2 Recalibration Recommendations ............. 33 4.3 Cleaning and Maintenance ............... 34 4.4 Update Firmware ..................36 4.5 Troubleshooting ..................

  • Page 5: Introduction

    All sensors are integrated into a single, small form-factor unit, requiring minimal installation effort. A robust design that prevents errors because of wear or fouling make the weather station ideal for long-term, remote installations. ATMOS 41 Gen 2 can be used for a variety of applications: •...
  • Page 6 SDI-12 three-wire interface, and certain models being Modbus RS-485 enabled. A tilt sensor warns the user of out-of-level condition, and no configurations are necessary. Prior to use, verify all ATMOS 41 Gen 2 system components are included and appear in good condition.

  • Page 7: Operation

    METER sensors are built to the highest standards, but misuse, improper protection, or improper installation may damage the sensor and possibly void the manufacturer’s warranty. Before integrating ATMOS 41 Gen 2 into a system, make sure to follow the recommended installation instructions and have the proper protections in place to safeguard sensors from damage.
  • Page 8 OPERATION Table 1 Installation (continued) Identify Mounting Location—Interferences Consider a site far from sources of high electromagnetic interference (EMI), such as high-voltage power transmission lines, metallic objects, sources of heat, bodies of water, and obstructions. EMI sources could adversely affect ATMOS 41Gen 2 rainfall measurements.
  • Page 9 ATMOS 41 GEN 2 Table 1 Installation (continued) Mount Toward True North Place the top of the mounting post under the mounting shelf in the mounting bracket. Orient the N engraved on the side of the instrument to point true north (not magnetic north).

  • Page 10: Connecting

    For more instructions on connecting to data loggers, refer to Section 2.2. 2.2 CONNECTING The ATMOS 41 Gen 2 works seamlessly with METER data loggers. The ATMOS 41 Gen 2 can also be used with other data loggers, such as those from Campbell Scientific, Inc.

  • Page 11: Connect To Meter Logger

    Figure 1 3.5-mm stereo plug connector wiring The ATMOS 41 Gen 2 comes standard with a 5-m cable or a 1.5-m M12 connector. It may be purchased with custom cable lengths for an additional fee (on a per-meter basis). In some instances, the cable can be extended beyond 75 m by the user, but this is discouraged for a variety of reasons.

  • Page 12: Connect To Non-Meter Logger

    ATMOS 41 Gen 2 sensors can be ordered with stripped and tinned (pigtail) wires for use with screw terminals. Refer to the third-party logger manual for details on wiring. Connect the ATMOS 41 Gen 2 wires to the data logger as illustrated in Figure 2...
  • Page 13 Scientific data loggers, power the sensors off a 12-V port. If the ATMOS 41 Gen 2 cable has a standard stereo plug connector and needs to be connected to a non-METER data logger, use one of the following two options. Option 1 Clip off the stereo plug connector on the sensor cable.

  • Page 14: Communication

    Modbus RS-485. 2.3.1 SDI-12 The SDI-12 protocol requires that all sensors have a unique address. ATMOS 41 Gen 2 sensor factory default is an SDI-12 address of 0. To add more than one SDI-12 sensor to a bus, the sensor address can be changed using a ZSC Bluetooth® sensor interface and the ZENTRA Utility Mobile app as described below: NOTE: The sensor SDI-12 address must be returned to 0 to work with ZENTRA loggers.

  • Page 15: Modbus Rs-485

    The Modbus RTU protocol requires that all devices on the bus have a unique address. The ATMOS 41 Gen 2 sensor factory default is a Modbus RTU address of 1. Detailed information on changing the Modbus RTU address can be found in the ATMOS 41 Gen 2...

  • Page 16: System

    SySTEM 3. SySTEM This section describes the ATMOS 41 Gen 2 All-in-One Weather Station system. 3.1 SPECIFICATIONS MEASUREMENT SPECIFICATIONS Solar Radiation Range 0–1750 W/m Resolution 1 W/m Accuracy ±5% of measurement typical Precipitation Range 0–1,500 mm/h Resolution 0.017 mm Accuracy ±5% of measurement from 0 to 50 mm/h...
  • Page 17 ATMOS 41 GEN 2 Resolution 0.1% RH Accuracy Varies with temperature and humidity, see specification chart. Figure 8 RH sensor accuracy Hysteresis ±0.80% RH, typical Long-Term Drift ±0.25% RH/year, typical Air Temperature Range –50 to 60 °C Resolution 0.1 °C Sensor ±0.2 °C...
  • Page 18 SySTEM Barometric Pressure Range 1–120 kPa Resolution 0.01 kPa Accuracy ±0.05 kPa at 25 °C Equilibration < 10 ms Long-Term Drift < 0.1 kPa/year, typical Horizontal Wind Speed Range 0–60 m/s Resolution 0.01 m/s Accuracy The greater of 0.3 m/s or 3% of measurement Wind Gust Range 0–60 m/s...
  • Page 19 SDI-12 communication Modbus RS-485 Data Logger Compatibility METER ZL6 and EM60 data loggers or any data acquisition systems capable of switched 3.6- to 15.0-VDC excitation and SDI-12 communication Modbus RS-485 enabled ATMOS 41 Gen 2s are capable of SDI-12 communication and Modbus RS-485 with excitation 4 to 24 VDC.
  • Page 20 15.0 VDC continuous NOTE: ATMOS 41 Gen 2 must be continuously powered to work properly. NOTE: For the ATMOS 41 Gen 2 to meet digital logic levels specified by SDI-12, it must be excited at 3.9 VDC or greater. Digital Input Voltage (logic high) Minimum 2.8 V...
  • Page 21 ATMOS 41 GEN 2 Current Drain (during measurement) Minimum 0.2 mA Typical 8.0 mA Maximum 33.0 mA Current Drain (while asleep) Minimum 0.2 mA Typical 0.3 mA Maximum 0.4 mA Power Up Time (SDI ready)—aRx! Commands Minimum Typical Maximum Power Up Time (SDI ready)—Other Commands...

  • Page 22: Solar Radiation (Pyranometer)

    Solar radiation is measured by a pyranometer that is integrated into the lip of the rain gauge funnel at the top of the ATMOS 41 Gen 2. Designed, manufactured, and calibrated by experts at Apogee Instruments, the miniature pyranometer uses a silicon-cell sensor to measure the total incoming (direct and diffuse) solar radiation.

  • Page 23: Wind Speed And Direction (Anemometer)

    Convex base plate Figure 10 Anemometer The ATMOS 41 Gen 2 measures wind speed every 3 s and keeps a running average of the last 10 measurements. If an instantaneous measurement is more than eight times the running average, the instantaneous measurement is rejected. It is not reported as the maximum gust...

  • Page 24: Wind Speed And Direction Theory

    SySTEM For normal ATMOS 41 Gen 2 use cases, this is an effective method for eliminating inaccuracy resulting from spurious spikes in wind speed (e.g., bumblebee checking out the ultrasonic path). In special use cases where data are output frequently and large step changes in wind speed are present (e.g., turning on a wind tunnel), this spike rejection algorithm may result in...
  • Page 25 ATMOS 41 GEN 2 Equation 5 Even at the maximum wind speeds for the anemometer, u is only about 1% of c , so the equation can be simplified as shown in Equation 6. Equation 6 This is the basic equation for the anemometer. Delta (∆) n is proportional to the phase difference between the forward and reverse sound pulses.

  • Page 26: Vapor Pressure/Relative Humidity Sensor

    3.4 VAPOR PRESSURE/RELATIVE HUMIDITy SENSOR The vapor pressure sensor (Figure 11) on the ATMOS 41 Gen 2 is located behind the access door in the same housing as the ultrasonic transducers. The Teflon screen protects the sensor from liquid water and dust while allowing water vapor to freely pass to the sensor and equilibrate with air vapor pressure.

  • Page 27: Precipitation

    VPD is simply es(Tair ) – ea and gives a good indication of evaporative demand. When powered on, the ATMOS 41 Gen 2 measures the vapor pressure once every 3 s and records the instantaneous values. When queried, the ATMOS 41 Gen 2 outputs the average of the instantaneous measurements since the last query.
  • Page 28 SySTEM Spring Pyranometer Rain funnel Flared hole Battery cap Battery cap Drop count electrodes Tipping spoon EC basin Screen Downspout Figure 12 Rain funnel and rain gauge The drop counter adds robustness and resolution to the precipitation measurement in the following ways: •...

  • Page 29: Remove Rain Funnel

    IMPORTANT The ATMOS 41 Gen 2 must be within approximately ±2° of dead level to measure rainfall with the best resolution. If not within this range, drops from the flared hole can miss the gold electrodes entirely.
  • Page 30 Figure 13 Removing ATMOS 41 Gen 2 rain funnel 3.5.1.1 DISCONNECT PyRANOMETER AND RAIN FUNNEL Before removing the rain funnel completely, carefully disconnect the pyranometer from the ATMOS 41 Gen 2 base by disconnecting the pyranometer connector as described below and shown in Figure 14 Press in the tabs on both sides of the connector locking mechanism with a sharp- pointed object (e.g., a ballpoint pen).
  • Page 31 ATMOS 41 GEN 2 Use a sharp point to push down on the tab to release the connectors Figure 14 Disconnect pyranometer connector 3.5.1.2 REATTACH PyRANOMETER AND RAIN FUNNEL The following instructions explain how to replace the rain funnel. Before replacing the funnel,...
  • Page 32 SySTEM Figure 15 Connect pyranometer cable Gold electrodes Tipping spoon Downspout & screen Figure 16 Downspout and screen...

  • Page 33: Electrical Conductivity (Ec)

    ATMOS 41 GEN 2 3.5.2 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITy (EC) The ATMOS 41 Gen 2 has a small basin that collects a sample of the precipitation stream as the tipping spoon empties. Two small sensing electrodes measure the electrical conductivity (EC) of the water in this basin every time the rainfall tipping spoon tips and records the instantaneous values.

  • Page 34: Air Temperature Theory

    SySTEM When powered on, the ATMOS 41 Gen 2 measures the air temperature once every 3 s and records the instantaneous values. When queried, the ATMOS 41 outputs the average of the instantaneous measurements since the last query. NOTE: The ATMOS 41 body and especially the temperature sensor should not be painted or coated. Temperature sensor Figure 17 Temperature sensor...

  • Page 35: Lightning Sensor

    ATMOS 41 GEN 2 NOTE: A maximum value optimization for was added because radiation values higher than that cause the corrected temperature to deviate from actual values more than when a maximum was used. Table 2 Optimized values for air temperature correction...

  • Page 36: Barometric Pressure Sensor

    2 remains level at all times. Regularly check tilt data to ensure the ATMOS 41 Gen 2 is level; if it has tilted, return to the site and level again. Even a slightly off-level ATMOS 41 Gen 2 will cause errors in the solar radiation measurement, and a 2° tilt can cause large errors in the rainfall measurement.

  • Page 37: Heavy Rain And Strong Wind

    ATMOS 41 Gen 2 lightning and rainfall measurements can be adversely affected by high level Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), such as that produced by high voltage power transmission lines. Be sure to locate the ATMOS 41 Gen 2 far from sources of EMI.

  • Page 38: Service

    The accuracy of each ATMOS 41 Gen 2 rain gauge is verified at a single rainfall rate during the manufacturing and quality assurance (QA) process. A subsample of rain gauges undergoes a more in-depth accuracy verification each month as part of routine QA procedures.

  • Page 39: Recalibration Recommendations

    ATMOS 41 body. This geometry is held to within 0.025-mm specifications through CNC milling procedures. Orientation of the ATMOS 41 Gen 2 toward North will introduce more error in the wind direction measurement than sensor geometry.

  • Page 40: Cleaning And Maintenance

    Instructions for swapping ATMOS 41 Gen 2 daughterboard (https://meter.ly/atmos41-swap-RH-daughterboard) for instructions on swapping the module. 4.3 CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE For more information on thoroughly cleaning the ATMOS 41 Gen 2, see ATMOS cleaning instructions (https://meter.ly/atmos-cleaning-instructions). CAUTIONS • DO NOT immerse the ATMOS 41 Gen 2 in water.
  • Page 41 ATMOS 41 GEN 2 Ultrasonic transducers Ultrasonic transducers Temperature sensor Figure 19 Temperature needle and ultrasonic transducers NOTE: Do not allow water to enter the ultrasonic sensors (Figure 19). Water may corrode the metal parts inside the sensors and ruin them. Do not touch the temperature sensor when cleaning because it is very delicate and can be damaged if pushed into the ATMOS 41 body.

  • Page 42: Update Firmware

    SERVICE 4.4 UPDATE FIRMWARE METER will occasionally release firmware updates that improve ATMOS 41 Gen 2 performance. Please consult with Customer Support about about the necessity or process of updating firmware on ATMOS 41 Gen 2. 4.5 TROUBLESHOOTING Table 4 Troubleshooting the ATMOS 41 Gen 2...
  • Page 43 ATMOS 41 GEN 2 Table 4 Troubleshooting the ATMOS 41 Gen 2 (continued) Problem Possible Solutions Remove any debris from rain gauge funnel. The ATMOS 41 Gen 2 must be within approximately ±2 degrees of dead level to accurately measure rainfall. If not within this range, drops from the flared hole can miss the gold electrodes entirely.

  • Page 44: Customer Support

    Description of the problem NOTE: For products purchased through a distributor, please contact the distributor directly for assistance. 4.7 TERMS AND CONDITIONS By using METER instruments and documentation, you agree to abide by the METER Group, Terms and Conditions. Please refer to metergroup.com/terms-conditions...

  • Page 45: References

    REFERENCES REFERENCES Campbell, Gaylon S. and Michael H. Unsworth. 1979. An Inexpensive Sonic Anemometer for Eddy Correlation. Journal of Applied Meteorology. 18 (8):1072–1077. Buck, Arden L. 1981. New Equations for Computing Vapor Pressure and Enhancement Factor. Journal of Applied Meteorology. 20 (12):1527–1432. Robinson, R.A.

  • Page 46: Index

    INDEX INDEX lightning distance 14, 35 lightning strike 14, 35 barometric pressure sensor 32, 36 precipitation/rainfall 12, 32–33, 34 relative humidity 12, 34 solar radiation 12, 34 calibration tilt 14, 35 frequency 35 vapor pressure 12, 34 initial 34–35 wind direction 14, 35 cleaning 36–38 wind gust 14 compliance...
  • Page 47 ATMOS 41 GEN 2 troubleshooting 38–40 vapor pressure sensor 36 ZENTRA logger 7 ZENTRA Cloud 7 ZENTRA Utility 7...

  • Page 48: Appendix A. Compliance Certifications

    • SH6MDBT40 (all EM60 series) • XPYLISAU201 or XPYLISAU200 (EM60G only) Changes or modifications to the EM60 series loggers not expressly approved by METER Group, Inc. could void FCC compliance and thus the user’s authority to operate the equipment. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.

  • Page 49: European Union

    This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter except as authorized in the certification of the product. A full CE declaration of conformity for the EM60 is available on request from METER Group.
  • Page 50 18038-00 7.2024 METER Group, Inc. 2365 NE Hopkins Court Pullman, WA 99163 T: +1.509.332.2756 F: +1.509.332.5158 E: info@metergroup.com W: metergroup.com METER Group GmbH Mettlacher Straße 8, 81379 München T: +49 89 1266520 F: +49 89 12665220 E: info.europe@metergroup.com W: metergroup.com...

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