Keyestudio ESP32 Manual page 59

ESP32 Starter Kit
2. Working Principle
The data protocol adopts communication mode of single-line return-to-zero code. After the pixel is reset on power,
DIN terminal receives data from the controller. The firstly arriving 24bit data will be extracted by the first pixel and be
sent to the inner data register.
Remaining data will be amplified by an amplification circuit and be transmitted through DOUT port to the next cascaded
pixel. Being transmitted through pixels, the signal decreases 24bit each time.
Besides, The pixel adopts automatic shaping and forwarding technology, insomuch that the cascade number of the pixel
is only limited by the signal transmission speed.
8.5. Arduino Project 55