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S'COOL CLOUD CHAMBER Manual

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C
C
LOUD
HAMBER
Do-it-yourself manual
Julia.Woithe@cern.ch
S'Cool LAB
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  • Page 1 LOUD HAMBER Do-it-yourself manual Julia.Woithe@cern.ch S’Cool LAB...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    ..........................13 CKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................13 IBLIOGRAPHY ................14 ORE INFORMATION ABOUT COSMIC PARTICLES Woithe, J. (2016). CLOUD CHAMBER. S’Cool LAB - Do-it-yourself manual. Version 7 Brought to you by the S’Cool LAB team http://cern.ch/s-cool-lab More ideas for the classroom: http://cern.ch/s-cool-lab/classroom-activities...

  • Page 3: Ntroduction Uild Your Own Particle Detector

    LOUD HAMBERS The cloud chamber is one of the oldest particle detectors, and it led to a number of discoveries in the history of particle physics. It also was involved in two Nobel prizes! Charles T. R. Wilson (1869 - 1959)

  • Page 4: Shopping List 1

    3. S – HOPPING LIST PART Plastic Container clear, see-through box-like plastic container with an open top, roughly 20 x 30 x 15cm S’Cool LAB version: Ferplast container GEO extra large 11 l 35x23x22cm Alternatives: any plastic box, or glass aquarium, … Felt a thick felt (few mm) to be attached to the bottom of the plastic box S’Cool LAB version: 5 mm thick white felt...

  • Page 5: Shopping List 2

    3. S HOPPING LIST Light Source a very intense, bundled light source S’Cool LAB: HOLEX LED rechargeable rod lamp 260 mm Alternatives: overhead projector, LED strip, battery charged lamps … Protective Equipment to handle isopropanol and dry Ice it is necessary to wear personal protective equipment safety goggles (for dry ice and Isopropanol) nitril protection gloves (for Isopropanol)

  • Page 6: Step By Step Instructions

    Later on this felt will be soaked with alcohol and will produce a rain- like mist of alcohol. Don’t use glue – the alcohol will solve it fast. 3. Assembly of the Cloud Chamber Put on leather gloves and safety goggles.
  • Page 7 Place your black metal plate onto the dry ice. Make sure you have already soaked the felt inside the plastic container! If your plate becomes cold, the water vapour in the air will condensate/freeze on it and form a white “snow layer” after a few minutes.

  • Page 8: How Does The Cloud Chamber Work

    4. H OW DOES THE LOUD HAMBER WORK At the top of the box, Isopropanol evaporates from the felt (i.e. exists in gaseous form) and slowly sinks down towards the metal plate, because Isopropanol vapour is heavier than air. The dry ice keeps the bottom very cold, therefore the isopropanol cools down rapidly when falling.

  • Page 9: What Can You See

    5. W HAT CAN YOU SEE You will see different kinds of tracks, which differ in length, thickness and shape and are produced by different types of particles. Pictures Particle Explanation © Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) muon or Thin straight tracks anti-muon - fast particles with high kinetic energy - they ionise molecules without scattering...

  • Page 10: Troubleshooting And Faq

    6. T ROUBLESHOOTING AND Although cloud chambers are a very reliable research tool, things might not work from the beginning and you might encounter some of the following challenges or questions. Challenge / Question Solution Vary the position of your light source – make sure that the sensitive layer of the detector (approx.

  • Page 11: More About Cloud Chambers

    Learn about clouds and the climate and why CERN is investigating cloud formation (Kirby, Richer, & Comes, 2016). Hiking with cloud chambers What happens to a cloud chamber in 4300 meters height? Carl Anderson took a cloud chamber to Pike’s Peak in 1936 (Anderson & Neddermeyer, 1936).

  • Page 12: Additional Information / Ideas

    Test of special relativity Most of the tracks you see in the cloud chamber are caused by muons. Muons have similar properties than electrons but are much (approx. 200 times) heavier and therefore are not stable but have a really short mean lifetime of 2.2 μs.
  • Page 13 Other detectors In addition to cloud chambers, other types of detectors can be used to learn more about cosmic particles. • Muon Hunter Project Build your own muon telescope (2 Geiger counter in coincidence, connected to Rasberry Pi). Allows to measure muons and e.g. their angular distribution http://www.muonhunter.com (approx.

  • Page 14: Acknowledgements

    IBLIOGRAPHY > Anderson, C. D. (1933): The Positive Electron. Physical Review 43, 491–494.doi:10.1103/PhysRev.43.491 > Anderson, C. D., & Neddermeyer, S. H. (1936). Cloud chamber observations of cosmic rays at 4300 meters elevation and near sea-level. Physical Review, 50 (4), 263-271.

  • Page 15: Ore Information About Cosmic Particles

    How do we know, that the particles matter: 10 MeV muons penetrate 6 we see in the cloud chamber don't Oh-My-God particle: highest- km water. A shower of millions of come from the sun? Compare the...
  • Page 16 Your observations: Your notes:...

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