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Summary of Contents for doble M4110
- Page 1 M4110 Leakage Reactance Interface User Guide Doble Engineering Company 85 Walnut Street Watertown, Massachusetts 02472-4037 (USA) PN 500-0396 72A-2243-01 Rev. B 9/04...
- Page 2 Doble Clients under contractual agreement for Doble Test Equipment and Services. In no event does the Doble Engineering Company assume the liability for any technical or editorial errors of commission, or omission; nor is Doble liable for direct, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use this Manual.
- Page 3 “Interpretation Of Test Results” explains how to analyze test results. Appendix A “Voltage Selection” describes how to change the test set input voltage from 115 volts to 220 volts. Appendix B “Part Numbers” lists the parts of the M4110 Leakage Reactance Interface. 72A-2243-01 Rev. B 9/04...
- Page 4 Conventions Used in this Manual The following terms and typographical conventions are used in the manual: Convention Description Windows Refers to the Microsoft Windows operating system, Version 95 or later. Click Quickly press and release the left mouse button. Double-click Quickly press and release the left mouse button twice without moving the mouse.
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Page 5: Table Of Contents
Setup for a Single-Phase Transformer Test, M4110 ..............3-11 Setup for a Single-Phase Transformer Test Using the M4130........... 3-12 Setup for a Three-Phase Transformer Test Using the M4110 ........... 3-12 Setup for a Three-Phase Transformer Test Using the M4130 ........... 3-13 Setup for a Transformer with Three or More Windings ............ - Page 6 4. Interpretation of Test Results Initial Test ............................4-1 Subsequent Test ..........................4-2 Appendix A. Voltage Selection Altering the Voltage Rating from 115 Volts to 230 Volts..............A-1 Appendix B. Part Numbers 72A-2243-01 Rev. B 9/04...
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Page 7: Introduction To Leakage Reactance Testing
The user is only limited by the size of the variac provided. Figure 1.1 M4110 Leakage Reactance Interface 72A-2243-01 Rev. B 9/04... -
Page 8: Installing The Software
DTA manual. What You will Need for the Test Besides the M4110 Leakage Reactance Interface and its cables, you will need: M4100 and its cables, including the M4100 and either the M4200c Controller or a laptop computer with the M4000 and Leakage Reactance software loaded. -
Page 9: Understanding Leakage Reactance Testing
2. Understanding Leakage Reactance Testing Introduction Winding deformation which leads to an immediate transformer failure may be the result of several overcurrent events. The probability of overcurrent conditions is not very high and, as a result, a transformer can remain in service with partially deformed windings, although the reliability of such a transformer is reduced. - Page 10 Case studies comparing the results of both measurements are presented in Minutes of the Sixty-First Annual International Conference of Doble Clients, 1994, sec. 6-5. It should be noted that the leakage reactance test does not replace the exciting current measurement;...
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Page 11: Failure Modes
M4110 Leakage Reactance Interface User Guide Failure Modes When a system short circuit causes high current to flow through a large power transformer, the windings and internal leads are subjected to extremely high mechanical forces. The total radial force on a winding can be multiple millions of pounds and total axial force can be between one and two million pounds. - Page 12 Understanding Leakage Reactance Testing The common failure modes for a core form transformer are as follows: • Inward radial hoop buckling • Outward radial hoop stretching • Conductor beam bending from generated axial force • Conductor tilting from cumulative axial force •...
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Page 13: How Results Are Calculated
M4110 Leakage Reactance Interface User Guide How Results are Calculated Three-phase Equivalent Test The resulting leakage reactance in % is calculated as follows: %X = [(1/60)ΣΧ (in kVA)/V (in kV)] 3ϕ where ΣΧ – sum of the individual reactances of each phase, measured in... - Page 14 Understanding Leakage Reactance Testing 72A-2243-01 Rev. B 9/04...
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Page 15: Leakage Reactance Test Procedures
There are two options being offered for measuring leakage reactance using the M4000. The M4130 Leakage Reactance Module requires the use of an external user-supplied variac and user-supplied current cables. The M4110 Leakage Reactance Interface includes all controls, cables, and safety interlocks, and the Leakage Reactance Module in a single package. -
Page 16: Test Voltages
If transformer nameplate information reference information is not available, a test may still be run. However, if using the M4110, you must adjust the variac so as to achieve at least 15 volts on the winding. -
Page 17: Special Considerations
International Conference of Doble Clients, 1995, sec. 8-13.1. Test Connections Test connections for use with the M4110 are shown in Figure 3.3 M4110 Setup (a) and Figure 3.4 M4110 Setup (b). Test connections for use with the M4130 are shown in Figure 3.5 M4130 Setup (a) and Figure 3.6 M4130 Setup (b). -
Page 18: Test Procedures For A Two-Winding Three-Phase Unit
Leakage Reactance Test Procedures These test connections represent common transformer winding vector relationships. Always check your transformer nameplate drawing to be sure the phase short-circuited corresponds to the phase energized! The consequence of short-circuiting the wrong winding will be that the tester will not be able to obtain the recommended current to run the test. -
Page 19: Three-Phase Equivalent Test
The test connections for a single-phase unit are shown in Figure 3.3 M4110 Setup (a) or Figure 3.4 M4110 Setup (b) (if using the M4110), and Figure 3.5 M4130 Setup (a) or Figure 3.6 M4130 Setup (b) (if using the M4130). - Page 20 Leakage Reactance Test Procedures left floating. In a three-winding unit, the test procedures described above are applied to three pairs of windings. In a four-winding unit, they are applied to six pairs of windings. The figure below shows the Per-Phase leakage reactance test on one phase between the H and X windings of a three-winding transformer.
- Page 21 M4110 Leakage Reactance Interface User Guide Figure 3.3 M4110 Setup (a) 72A-2243-01 Rev. B 9/04...
- Page 22 Leakage Reactance Test Procedures Figure 3.4 M4110 Setup (b) 72A-2243-01 Rev. B 9/04...
- Page 23 M4110 Leakage Reactance Interface User Guide Figure 3.5 M4130 Setup (a) 72A-2243-01 Rev. B 9/04...
- Page 24 Leakage Reactance Test Procedures Figure 3.6 M4130 Setup (b) 3-10 72A-2243-01 Rev. B 9/04...
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Page 25: Test Setup Using The M4110 Or The M4130
3. Connect one end of each of the two voltage source leads across the winding to be energized, and the other end of each to the M4110 Leakage Reactance Interface Voltage Source Terminals. Note that these cables are color coded and must be attached by color to the test set. -
Page 26: Setup For A Single-Phase Transformer Test Using The M4130
1. Connect the M4100 test set to ground using the ground cable. 2. Connect the M4110 Leakage Reactance Interface ground cable to ground. Make sure the M4100 and M4110 test ground leads are connected to a common ground point. 3. If performing a Per-Phase test, connect one end of the voltage source leads across a phase of a winding (such as H –H... -
Page 27: Setup For A Three-Phase Transformer Test Using The M4130
(see Figure 3.3 M4110 Setup (a)). If performing a Three-Phase Equivalent Test, jumper all three line terminals of the opposite winding. -
Page 28: Setup For A Transformer With Three Or More Windings
Leakage Reactance Test Procedures 4. Connect one end of the current leads across a phase of a winding (such as –H ), and the other end to the M4130 Leakage Reactance Module Input Terminals. 5. Connect one end of the voltage leads across the same phase as the current leads. - Page 29 M4110 Leakage Reactance Interface User Guide 2. Select Mode/Leakage Reactance from the Main Menu bar, or click the Leakage Reactance Icon. 3. Select the winding configuration. This must be done first, since doing so automatically sets the available test configuration and resulting nameplate data and benchmark data entry fields.
- Page 30 Leakage Reactance Test Procedures • In the Base Voltamperes (MVA) and Base Volts (kV), enter the values given on the nameplate. • In the Nameplate % Impedance, enter the nameplate impedance. • Unless this is the first test, enter the values obtained for the % impedance and % reactance for each phase of the first (benchmark) per-phase tests.
- Page 31 M4110 Leakage Reactance Interface User Guide Figure 3.7 Leakage Reactance Test Nameplate Data 11. To begin the test, press F2 or click the lightning bolt icon. If the Nameplate data has not been entered, you will be presented with a final warning screen before you start the test.
- Page 32 Leakage Reactance Test Procedures 16. Repeat the test for each phase of the winding, making sure the correct column is highlighted before starting. 17. Start a new Leakage Reactance form for each pair of windings being tested. You will need three forms for a three-winding transformer, and six for a four winding transformer.
- Page 33 4. Interpretation of Test Results There are three tabs which show test results: the Results tab shows many of the measured variables. The main analysis is done with the data in the % Impedance and % Reactance tabs. Besides the measured and benchmark values, they contain the Delta Benchmark and Delta Average values.
- Page 34 Interpretation of Test Results Typically, the results of the per-phase measurements are used as a benchmark for subsequent measurements. On some units, however, the per-phase results are influenced by the reluctance of the leakage flux path outside the leakage channel (due to the peculiarities of the single-phase excitation), thus masking the changes in the leakage channel.
- Page 35 Appendix A. Voltage Selection Altering the Voltage Rating from 115 Volts to 230 Volts 1. Remove the screws in the top panel of the M4110. There are six screws to be removed. Use Allen keys of British dimensions; metric may not work.
- Page 36 6. If possible, change the nameplate with a metal stamp to indicate that the voltage rating has been changed, or contact Doble to order a new nameplate. Identify the unit to Doble by its serial number. Use a marker of some type to temporarily correct the nameplate if necessary. Do not leave the set with an incorrect voltage rating on the nameplate.
- Page 37 Appendix B. Part Numbers Doble part numbers of replaceable M4110 Leakage Reactance Interface components are provided in this appendix. Description Part Number Quantity Revision Level C Bag, Cable, Small 2FB-3450-01 Cable, Leakage Reactance, 05B-0504-02 M4100 Cable, High Current, Black 05B-0584-01...
- Page 38 Part Numbers 72A-2243-01 Rev. B 9/04...
- Page 39 M4110 Leakage Reactance Interface User Guide Index Module 1-1 Leakage Reactance test 2-1 Symbols M4110 1-1 % Impedance tab 4-1 M4110 Leakage Reactance Interface 1-1 % Reactance tab 4-1 M4130 1-1 Numerics 115 Volt Operation 1-2 Nameplate Information 3-15 220 Volt Operation 1-2...
- Page 40 Index In-2 72A-2243-01 Rev. B 9/04...
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