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Pasco Scientific SE-8657 Instruction Manual And Experiment Manual

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Includes
012-06247
Instruction Manual and
A
Teacher's Notes
and
8/96
Typical
Experiment Guide for the
Experiment Results
PASCO scientific
Model SE-8657
MOTOR ACCESSORY
© 1996 PASCO scientific
$7.50

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Summary of Contents for Pasco Scientific SE-8657

  • Page 1 Includes 012-06247 Instruction Manual and Teacher's Notes 8/96 Typical Experiment Guide for the Experiment Results PASCO scientific Model SE-8657 MOTOR ACCESSORY © 1996 PASCO scientific $7.50...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    012-06247 Motor Accessory Table of Contents Section ...................... Page Copyright and Warranty, Equipment Return ........... ii Introduction ...................... 1 Equipment ......................1 Table 1. Equipment Options for Experiments 1 - 4 .......... 2 Operation ......................3 Assembly—Motor Accessory onto the Variable Gap Magnet ......4 Assembly—Motor Accessory onto the Coils and Cores Set ......

  • Page 4: Copyright And Warranty, Equipment Return

    ACCEPTED FOR RETURN WITHOUT AN Limited Warranty AUTHORIZATION FROM PASCO. PASCO scientific warrants the product to be free from When returning equipment for repair, the units defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one must be packed properly. Carriers will not accept year from the date of shipment to the customer.

  • Page 5: Introduction

    012-06247A Motor Accessory Introduction The PASCO SE-8657 Motor Accessory transforms the motor. Combined with an AC/DC power supply and PASCO EM-8641 Variable Gap Magnet into a motor sensors for voltage, current, and rotational speed, that can operate on alternating or direct current, as well...
  • Page 6 Table 1. Equipment Options for Experiments 1 - 4 Equip m ent O ptions for Exp erim ental Setups with the PASC O SE-8657 Motor A c c essory Exp erim ent O ptions Ex p e rim e nt 1: D C M o t or...

  • Page 7: Operation

    012-06247A Motor Accessory Operation Options for electrical connections source. This is impractical at frequencies - Banana-style plugs may be inserted into openings much above 30 Hz, and some students may in the ends of the black plastic brush holder. require assistance even a lower frequencies. - Large alligator clips may be attached to the brass posts that hold the brushes.

  • Page 8: Assembly-Motor Accessory Onto The Variable Gap Magnet

    Motor Accessory 012-06247A Assembly Motor Accessory onto the Variable Gap shaft that protrudes through the bottom of the mag- net base. (Note that the retaining nut has a metric Magnet thread, size M6-1.0.) Use firm finger pressure. If ➀ Be sure you have the flat iron pole pieces placed on this should prove inadequate, tighten the nut some- the two neodymium magnets of the Variable Gap what more with a wrench.

  • Page 9: Assembly-Motor Accessory Onto The Coils And Cores Set

    012-06247A Motor Accessory Motor Accessory onto the Coils and Cores holder back and forth. If this action loosens the shaft, tighten it as described in step 1. Check to be sure the brush assembly is seated as far down on the shaft as it will go. Orient the brush ➀...

  • Page 10: Suggested Uses

    Motor Accessory 012-06247A Suggested Uses Operation as a DC motor Operation as a universal motor The Motor Accessory-Coils and Cores assembly The Motor Accessory can be used with the Variable functions as a universal motor, operating on both AC Gap Magnet to demonstrate the operation of a DC and DC power supplies (Experiment 4).

  • Page 11: Experiment 1: Operation Of The Dc Motor

    012-06247A Motor Accessory Experiment 1: Operation of the DC Motor EQUIPMENT NEEDED: • Motor Accessory • multimeter • Variable Gap Magnet • patch cords • low voltage DC power supply, limited to 1 A • small piece of masking tape Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate the operation of the DC motor in terms of basic concepts of electromagnetism.
  • Page 12 Motor Accessory 012-06247A ➂ Working from above, press the brush holder onto the smooth, enlarged portion of the shaft. Apply increasingly firm dual slip-ring commu- pressure equally to each side of the brush armature tator split ring holder while rotating the brush holder commutator back and forth.
  • Page 13 012-06247A Motor Accessory Procedure—Part A ➀ Rotate the armature and observe how the segments of the split ring commutator contact the brushes as the armature turns. ➁ Remove the armature from the shaft by grasping it between your thumb and forefinger and rotating it back and forth while lifting gently.
  • Page 14 Motor Accessory 012-06247A Draw arrows indicating the direction of current flow. Indicate which pole: north (N) or south (S). When you wrap your fingers in the direction of the flow of the electric current, your thumb points towards the north pole of the magnetic field.
  • Page 15 012-06247A Motor Accessory b) Both coils surround a single iron core on the armature, and each coil is capable of temporarily magnetizing the core when electric current is running through it. Do the actions of the two coils add to create a greater effect or cancel to create a reduced effect? (Consider your answer to 6a above.) ➆...
  • Page 16 Motor Accessory 012-06247A above. The painted face of the magnet is its North Pole (north-seeking pole). [You can verify this by hanging the magnet from a thread and observing that the painted face points toward the North (toward the earth’s north magnetic pole, located in northern Canada).] With the armature and power supply leads oriented as in Figure 2 and the power turned on, hold the ceramic magnet near the ends of the armature.

  • Page 17: Experiment 2: Operation Of Ac And Dc Generators

    012-06247A Motor Accessory Experiment 2: Operation of AC and DC Generators EQUIPMENT NEEDED OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT • Motor Accessory • Voltage Sensor • Variable Gap Magnet • computer interface • multimeter or galvanometer • patch cords • small strips of masking tape Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to detail the operation of an AC generator and a DC generator in terms of basic concepts of electromagnetism.
  • Page 18 Motor Accessory 012-06247A Surprisingly, the direction of induced current can be determined from the law of conserva- tion of energy. Due simply to friction, work must be done to rotate a generator. If the generator is connected to a load and producing electric current, the law of conservation of energy dictates that additional work must be done to turn the shaft.
  • Page 19 012-06247A Motor Accessory ➂ Working from above, press the brush holder onto the smooth, enlarged portion of the shaft. Apply increasingly firm pressure equally to each side of the brush holder while rotating the brush holder back and forth. If this action loosens the retaining nut, tighten it more tightly, as described in step 2.
  • Page 20 Motor Accessory 012-06247A ➅ Adjust the gap of the Variable Gap Magnet so that there is approximately 1 mm of clearance between the pole pieces and the armature when it is rotated by hand. ➆ Position the armature so that it is at right angles to the N-S orientation of the Variable Gap Magnet.
  • Page 21 012-06247A Motor Accessory (b) Must conventional current enter the coil, or leave the coil, from the upper brush, in order to make the armature act as you described in 9 (b) above? Use a sensitive galvanometer or a digital multimeter set on a DC millivolt range to test your predictions.
  • Page 22 Motor Accessory 012-06247A (c) What does the split ring commutator do to explain the difference in results from those with the dual slip rings? (d) Which of the following describes the results? (a) AC (b) pulsating DC (c) steady DC ➂...

  • Page 23: Experiment 3: Operation Of An Ac Synchronous Motor

    012-06247A Motor Accessory Experiment 3: Operation of an AC Synchronous Motor EQUIPMENT NEEDED • Motor Accessory • multimeter • Variable Gap Magnet • patch cords • Digital Stroboscope or • power source that will deliver both Digital Photogate Timer DC and AC current limited to 1.0 A •...
  • Page 24 Motor Accessory 012-06247A ➂ Working from above, press the brush holder onto the smooth, enlarged portion of the shaft. Apply increasingly firm pressure equally to each side of the brush holder while rotating the brush holder back and forth. If this action loosens the retaining nut, tighten it more tightly, as described in step 2.
  • Page 25 012-06247A Motor Accessory ➂ Holding the armature in one hand, follow the wire from the slip ring to the left coil of the armature and note the direction the wire is wound in the coil. Note where the wire enters and exits the coil.
  • Page 26 Motor Accessory 012-06247A Procedure—Part B ➀ Adjust the gap of the Variable Gap Magnet so there is approximately 1 mm of clearance between the pole pieces and the armature when it is rotated by hand. Connect the motor to the power source by one of these methods (See Figure 2): Insert banana plugs into the openings in the ends of the plastic brush holder;...
  • Page 27 012-06247A Motor Accessory a) Does this feel different? How? b) Explain why. ➄ Repeat with 15 Hz and 6 volts. a) Does this feel different? How? b) Explain why. ➤ Troubleshooting: If there was no vibrating sensation in the previous step, the brushes were not contacting the slip rings, there was no AC voltage present at the brushes, or some other defect existed.
  • Page 28 Motor Accessory 012-06247A armature change when you change the voltage? ➤ Note: with the PASCO 6500 Series Power Amplifier, the motor may stop and need to be restarted manually. ➉ Return the voltage to 8 volts and change the frequency of the alternating current to 20 Hz, and then 24 Hz, determining the rotational speed each time.

  • Page 29: Experiment 4: Operation Of The Universal Motor

    012-06247A Motor Accessory Experiment 4: Operation of the Universal Motor Equipment needed: • Motor Accessory • multimeter • Coils and Cores Set • patch cords • power source that will deliver both DC and AC current at 1.0 A Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate the operation of the universal motor in terms of basic concepts of electromagnetism.
  • Page 30 Motor Accessory 012-06247A split ring commutator U-shaped base 400-turn coil Figure 1. Motor Accessory Installed on the Coils and Cores Set ➤ Check to be sure the brush assembly is seated as far down on the shaft as it will ➂...
  • Page 31 012-06247A Motor Accessory wire to the coil on the opposite side of the armature, through that coil, and through the wire to the other split ring and into the second brush. By carefully examining the part of the coils where the leads emerge from the coil, you can determine the direction in which the wire is wound on the coil.
  • Page 32 Motor Accessory 012-06247A ➇ Turn on the power supply (10 volts DC) for the next step. ➤ Do not leave the power connected to the motor for extended periods, particularly with the armature not rotating, because the windings may overheat. ➈...

  • Page 33: Teacher's Guide

    012-06247 Motor Accessory Teacher’s Guide Experiment 1: ➤ Remind students not to prolong situations when the armature is not spinning and the power is connected—the coils will overheat. Figure 4, labeled Draw arrows indicating the direction of current flow. Indicate which pole: north (N) or south (S). When you wrap your fingers in the direction of the flow...
  • Page 34 Motor Accessory 012-06247 Part B ➂ Results of the test should agree with predictions. ➃ Clockwise, if the leads are connected exactly as shown in Figure 2 and the north pole of the Variable Gap Magnet is on the left. ➄...
  • Page 35 012-06247 Motor Accessory Part B: DC Generator ➀ (a) The voltage and current produced is always in the same direction (direct current) but is pulsating, not steady. (The pulsating nature will be difficult to note with a digital meter.) Assuming as before that the negative lead of the meter is connected to the upper brush and the positive lead is connected to the lower brush, then if armature is rotated clockwise (as viewed from above) the meter will read positive.
  • Page 36 Motor Accessory 012-06247 b) The slip-ring commutator connects the armature to the power source by way of the brushes and enables the current to travel in an unbroken stream from the positive to the negative termi- nals of the power supply. Part B ➂...
  • Page 37 012-06247 Motor Accessory ➉ Counter-clockwise, as viewed from above. The motor should turn clockwise. The motor’s speed will decrease. The motor should operate at a high rate of speed, but not in synchronism with the alternat- ing current source. Reversing the direction of current flow from the power supply has no effect on the motor’s operation, because a reversal of polarity will occur in BOTH the ar- mature and field coils simultaneously, and any attraction or repulsion between poles will be unaffected.
  • Page 38 Motor Accessory 012-06247 Notes ¨...

  • Page 39: Technical Support

    Technical Support Contacting Technical Support Feedback Before you call the PASCO Technical Support staff, If you have any comments about the product or it would be helpful to prepare the following infor- manual, please let us know. If you have any sugges- mation: tions on alternate experiments or find a problem in the manual, please tell us.

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