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Summary of Contents for Ballonbau Worner NL-STU
- Page 1 Flight Manual for GAS BALLOONS of Type NL-STU EASA.DE.21G. 0007 EASA.DE.M.F. 0560 EASA.DE.M.G. 0560 EASA.ADOA. Ballonbau Wörner GmbH www.ballonbau.de Zirbelstrasse 57c T: +49 (0)821 450 40 60 86154 Augsburg F: +49 (0)821 41 96 41 GERMANY E: info@ballonbau.de...
- Page 2 Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Flight Manual for operation of gas balloons of type “NL-STU” Issue 2.0 – Revision 2 May 10, 2019 Nationality and registration markings _________________________________ Type _________________________________ Serial number _________________________________ Year of manufacture _________________________________ Manufacturer Ballonbau Wörner GmbH...
- Page 3 Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 0.0 Weighing report Date of Performed by weighing Maximum mass acc. to data sheet Empty mass at unit testing Reweighings PRELIMINARY OBSERVATION: For reasons of legibility, male pronouns are used through- out this Flight Manual. All details referring to persons apply equally, however, to both men and women.
- Page 4 Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 0.1 Revision history Any changes to this Flight Manual, with the exception of a new weighing, must be recorded in the following table. The date of the revision is indicated at the bottom of the revised page.
- Page 5 Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Issue 2.0 May 10, 2019 Page III...
- Page 6 Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 0.2 List of effective pages Section Page Date Section Page Date 02.05.2016 4-10 appr. 02.05.2016 10.05.2019 4-11 appr. 02.05.2016 02.05.2016 4-12 appr. 02.05.2016 10.05.2019 4-13 appr. 02.05.2016 25.07.2016 4-14 appr. 10.05.2019 25.07.2016 4-15 appr.
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Page 7: Table Of Contents
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Contents Page Weighing report....................I Revision history....................II List of effective pages ..................IV Chapter 1 – General information General warning ....................1-1 Introduction ....................1-1 Certification basis ..................1-1 Definitions and list of abbreviations ..............1-2 Warning, Caution and Note ................1-3 General description ..................1-3... - Page 8 Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Page Sudden loss of lifting gas ................3-7 3.10 Non-standard landings ...................3-7 3.10.1 Hard landing .................3-7 3.10.2 Landing in woodland ..............3-8 3.10.3 Landing on water ................3-9 Chapter 4 – Standard operating procedures Introduction ....................4-1 Weather ......................4-1...
- Page 9 Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Page Chapter 5 – Size and weights Introduction ....................5-1 Sizes ......................5-1 Standard sizes and maximum dimensions .............5-2 5.3.1 Envelope ..................5-2 5.3.2 Baskets ..................5-2 ........5.3.3 Matrix of theoretically possible loads Chapter 6 – Components of the gas balloon Introduction.......................6-1...
- Page 10 Introduction ....................9-1 Basket ......................9-1 Appendix 1 – Ultramagic TEKNO Basket …………………………………………....A1-1 Appendix 2 – Use of the fabric walled basket …………………………..………....A2-1 Appendix 3 – Handling of gases during operation of balloon type NL-STU ....A3-1 Issue 2.0 May 10, 2019 Page VIII...
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Page 11: Chapter 1 - General Information
1.1 Introduction This Flight Manual is intended to provide pilots and instructors with the information and assis- tance required to enable the safe operation of gas balloons of type “NL-STU” from Ballonbau Wörner. The latest version of the Flight Manual can be found on the Internet page www.ballonbau.de. -
Page 12: Definitions And List Of Abbreviations
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 1.3 Definitions and list of abbreviations The mean wind speed measured 2 meters above the Wind speed at ground level ground. EASA European Aviation Safety Agency Units: Meters - feet: 1 m = 3.28084 ft 1 ft = 0.3048 m... -
Page 13: Warning, Caution And Note
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 1.4 Warning, Caution and Note WARNING: Failure to observe the procedures described will result in direct or serious deterioration of flight safety. Failure to observe the procedures described will result in minor or more-or-less CAUTION: long-term deterioration of flight safety. -
Page 14: Description Of A Gas Balloon
1.6 Description of a gas balloon A complete description of the gas balloon and its layout can be found in Chapter 6 of this Flight Manual. Fig. 1: Schematic representation of a gas balloon of type NL-STU Issue 2.0 May 02, 2016... - Page 15 Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 1.7 Labeling of the parts The manufacturer, type, registration number, serial number and year of manufacture are indi- cated on the identification plate. The identification plate is attached in the following positions: Fig.2:...
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Page 16: Chapter 2 - Operating Limits
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Chapter 2 – Operating limits 2.1 Introduction This section defines the operating limits for flying the gas balloon and for its standard equip- ment. 2.2 Weather conditions Assessment of wind and weather forecasts is of the utmost importance for safe ballooning. -
Page 17: Condition Of The Balloon
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 2.2.6 Flights at temperatures below freezing When the envelope is stored in the packing sack, creases are formed. At temperatures above 0 C, these creases are smoothed by the tension of the envelope. At temperatures below 0 C, the tension of the envelope may be insufficient to smooth the creases around the parachute opening. -
Page 18: Lifting Gas
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Damage resulting in loss of airworthiness: • Tears at the parachute opening • Damage to the parachute and its belts • Holes or tears in the envelope that are larger or longer than 5 mm •... -
Page 19: Approved Envelope/Basket Combinations
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU NOTE: Helium is a very light, non-combustible, non-toxic, colorless and odorless gas. Inhala- tion of helium can lead to unconsciousness, respiratory arrest and in the worst case death. This may occur without any prior indications or symptom. -
Page 20: Number Of Persons In The Basket
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 2.7 Number of persons in the basket The maximum number of persons in the basket is determined first by the minimum ballast and secondly by the size of the basket. An area of min. 0.3 m² must be available for each person. -
Page 21: Appendix
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 2.9 Appendix Before take-off and during ascent, the appendix must be completely opened. WARNING: Take-off and ascent with the appendix closed are not permitted, as the envelope is otherwise subjected to an inadmissibly high overpressure. -
Page 22: Further Constraints
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 2.12 Further constraints • Area of use The gas balloon is flown according to VFR (visual flight rules). Flights by day and by night are only permissible in compliance with the aviation regulations applicable in the countries being flown over. -
Page 23: Chapter 3 - Emergency Procedures Introduction
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Chapter 3 – Emergency procedures 3.1 Introduction This section describes procedures for emergency situations and provides corresponding check- lists. In the case of good flight planning and well maintained balloons, emergency situations are very rare. -
Page 24: Behavior In The Event Of Gas Fires
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 3.2 Behavior in the event of gas fires During inflation and deflation, electrostatically conductive footwear must be worn WARNING: in the vicinity of hydrogen. Clothing made of synthetic materials must not be worn. -
Page 25: Closed Appendix During Take-Off And Ascent
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 3.3 Closed appendix during take-off and ascent WARNING: Take-off with the appendix closed is not allowed – Take-off prohibited! If the appendix cannot be reopened during flight, and the expansion of the gas resulting from increasing temperature and altitude creates an overpressure in the envelope, the emergency opening, if present, must be opened immediately. -
Page 26: Contact With Overhead Power Lines
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU The following procedure must be observed in this case: Parachute: Pull the parachute to initiate a faster descent of the balloon. Passengers: Instruct. Sand bags: Any sand bags not required for the landing must be fastened securely inside the basket on the downwind side of the basket. -
Page 27: Damage To The Envelope In The Air
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 3.6 Damage to the envelope in the air The following procedure must be observed if the envelope of the balloon is damaged in the air: NOTE: The extent of the damage can be estimated on the basis of the response of the vari- ometer and possibly from the sound of the escaping gas. -
Page 28: Malfunction And Defect Of The Parachute
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 3.8 Malfunction and defect of the parachute A trial pull of the parachute must be carried out before take-off to check the functionality of the parachute. More serious defects can be detected by a slackening of the envelope tautness and possibly by the sound of the lifting gas escaping. -
Page 29: Sudden Loss Of Lifting Gas
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU • In the air: Parachute: Vent carefully to initiate a descent and land at the next available opportunity. An emergency landing is not usually necessary. 3.9 Sudden loss of lifting gas If the balloon suddenly loses lifting gas and the rate of descent increases to more than 3 m/s,... -
Page 30: Landing In Woodland
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU • With high wind speed: Landing site: Search for a large area that is free of obstacles for the landing. Passengers: Instruct for landing. Descent: In the final phase of the descent, approach the ground slowly. -
Page 31: Landing On Water
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 3.10.3 Landing on water NOTE: Flights over large bodies of water should only be carried out with the correspond- ing emergency equipment on board. On larger bodies of water, it may be possible to tow the balloon to land using a boat. -
Page 32: Chapter 4 - Standard Operating Procedures Introduction
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Chapter 4 – Standard operating procedures 4.1 Introduction This section describes standard operating procedures and provides corresponding checklists. The explanations with weights and balloon specifications apply to a balloon with an envelope volume of 1,000 m³. -
Page 33: Preparing For Inflation
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Preflight checks: Before the balloon may be put into operation, the pilot must check whether the following doc- uments are valid: • Entries in the log book relating to damage / repairs / clearances •... -
Page 34: Laying Out The Envelope
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 4.4.2.1 Laying out the envelope Lay out the envelope, starting from the basket, with the parachute pointing in the wind direction. Spread the envelope out widthwise in such a way that the differently colored marking above the appendix is situated at the center of the upper side of the envelope. - Page 35 Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Fig. 6: Representation of the toggle assignment Issue 2.0 May 02, 2016 Page 4-4...
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Page 36: Ballast Bags
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Preflight checks: The pilot must check that the load ring is in a good general condition. The following must be checked: tubular steel ring, slings and toggles. 4.4.2.3 Ballast bags The basket is loaded with 30 to 40 ballast bags, each weighing 15 kg, inside the basket. A fur- ther 60 ballast bags, each weighing 15 kg, are suspended from the sand bag line on the outside of the basket and distributed evenly around all four sides of the basket. -
Page 37: Inflation Method For Envelope Held Down With Sand Bags
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 4.4.2.5 Inflation method for envelope held down with sand bags Ballonbau Wörner only recommends the inflation method described below. NOTE: In the longitudinal axis of the balloon, approx. 2 m from the upper cross seam towards the bas- ket, five sand bags weighing 15 kg each are attached under the inflation tarp to each of the two snap-hooks. -
Page 38: Attaching The Inflation Tube
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Fig. 7: Fig. 8: Fig. 9: The hold-down belts Holding down patch The gathered envelope NOTE: • It must be possible to pull the pull-up toggle of the inflation aid towards the para- chute and away from the part of the envelope that is filled with gas! •... -
Page 39: Inflating With Lifting Gas
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU NOTE: In the case of gusty winds of 10 to 15 knots, it is advisable to route the inflation tube through the load ring. Preflight checks: The pilot must check that the appendix and the ropes are in a good general condition. The... - Page 40 Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Allow the lifting gas to flow into the balloon slowly until there is a sufficiently large gas bubble in the envelope. The volume of the gas bubble should be approx. 300 m³ for a 1000 m³ envelope and approx.
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Page 41: Making The Ropes Ready
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Once the envelope has been raised to the upright position, the inflation tube, all suspension ropes and all operating lines must be checked. The two holding ropes of the envelope and the appendix anchor lines must be used to minimize swinging of the envelope during the rest of the inflation operation. -
Page 42: Flight Ballast
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU NOTE: It must always be ensured that the end of the parachute line is firmly tied inside the basket and that it can be reached by the pilot at all times. WARNING:... -
Page 43: Preparing For Take-Off
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 4.8 Preparing for take-off Before take-off, the balloon must be left to stand for at least 15 minutes with the appendix closed in able to detect a possible loss of gas. This is intended to ensure that the envelope is not damaged or leaking after the inflation operation. -
Page 44: Opening The Appendix
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 4.8.4 Opening the appendix The appendix must be opened completely before take-off. 4.8.5 Trial pull of the parachute In order to test that it is functioning correctly, the parachute is opened and closed before take- off. -
Page 45: Checking The Ropes
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 4.10.1 Checking the ropes During flight, permanent care must be taken to ensure that the lines that are fastened to the basket or load ring, such as the parachute line, appendix pull-close line and emergency opening line, have sufficient slack, that the appendix anchor lines are not under tension, and that every- thing is easily accessible at all times. -
Page 46: Landing
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU NOTE: Quantity of ballast to be dropped in order to change altitude: if one percent of the mass of the balloon is dropped, the balloon rises from its equilibrium position (neutral buoyancy position) by 80 m. - Page 47 Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU EXAMPLE: Balloon size 1000 m³, rate of descent 3 m/s, drag coefficient 4: => 3 x 3 x 4 = 36 kg of braking ballast Issue 2.0 July 25, 2016 Page 4-15...
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Page 48: Orienting The Basket
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU NOTE: Closing the appendix during the descent reduces the deflation time as a smaller volume of gas has to escape through the parachute opening during final defla- tion. WARNING: Ballast must be kept readily accessible during the landing phase. There may be unexpected changes in wind direction at ground level. -
Page 49: Deflating The Envelope
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU WARNING: In contrast with the rip panel on a traditional gas balloon, the quick deflation ef- fect of the parachute starts immediately. For this reason, in the case of higher landing speeds, the parachute should not be opened as early as the rip panel. - Page 50 Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU The envelope of the balloon is then folded longitudinally in accordance with the gores. Starting at the center of a gore, place the center of every second subsequent gore exactly on top of it.
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Page 51: Packing Tarp
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 4.14 Packing tarp All envelopes with a polyurethane coating (manufactured since 2007) may only be packed in materials that are free of plasticizers. All tarpaulins that are coated with polyethylene, polypro- pylene or polyurethane are suitable for packing the envelope. - Page 52 Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Chapter 5 – Size and weights 5.1 Introduction This section describes the size and lifting capacity of the certified balloon envelopes and their classification in various sport categories. 5.2 Sizes In accordance with the regulations of the FAI, free balloons are divided into different classes and sub-classes, depending on their type and volume.
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Page 53: Standard Sizes And Maximum Dimensions
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 5.3 Standard sizes and maximum dimensions The standard sizes for the NL-STU series in accordance with EASA Type Certificate No. EASA.BA.009 / FAA Type Certificate No. B03CE are as follows: 5.3.1 Envelope... -
Page 54: Matrix Of Theoretically Possible Loads
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 5.3.3 Matrix of theoretically possible loads Max. Overall weight** Theoretically Envelope take-off Standard incl. load ring, Minimum possible size mass basket ropes, lines, ballast load*** acc. to ISA* etc. 280 m³ 319 kg... -
Page 55: Chapter 6 - Components Of The Gas Balloon
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Chapter 6 – Components of the gas balloon 6.1 Introduction A gas balloon consists of a gas-tight envelope with a basket suspended beneath it. The basket is attached to the envelope by means of ropes. The following chapter describes all functions of the individual components of the gas balloon. -
Page 56: Appendix Opening
The basket size depends on the number of persons. A basket floor area of 0.3 m per person must be calculated. Baskets for 1 to 6 persons are approved for balloons of type NL-STU, de- pending on the envelope size. -
Page 57: Sand Bags And Sand Containers
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 6.5 Sand bags and sand containers The sand bags serve to carry the flight ballast in units of 15 kg. The bags are open at the top and have a rope or belt with a hook for attaching the sand bags. If the sand ballast is to be sus- pended outside the basket or from the load ring, the hooks must be secured to prevent them from detaching themselves. -
Page 58: Appendix Pull-Close Line
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 6.7.4 Appendix pull-close line The appendix pull-close line consists of a braided artificial fiber line. It is attached to the lower appendix ring (Poeschel ring), runs in a spiral around the appendix and upwards through a guide ring to the deflection thimble on the upper appendix ring. -
Page 59: Instruments
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 6.10 Instruments 6.10.1 Altimeter Altimeters measure the static air pressure that decreases as the altitude increases. Mechanical and electronic altimeters with corresponding certification can be used, provided that they meet the specific operational requirements. -
Page 60: Chapter 7 - Servicing, Maintenance And Inspection
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Chapter 7 – Servicing, maintenance and inspection 7.1 Introduction This chapter provides an overview of the balloon maintenance and servicing intervals and pro- cedures prescribed by the manufacturer. WARNING: The owner/operator of the balloon is responsible for ensuring its airworthiness. -
Page 61: Transport By Road
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Approval for return to service must be granted in accordance with FAA Code FAR Part 43 if the balloon is registered in the USA or in accordance with EASA PART M if the balloon is registered in the area covered by EASA. -
Page 62: Storage
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU 7.6 Storage All components of the balloon must be stored in a dry, cool and well ventilated room. It must be ensured that the balloon and all its parts are protected against exposure to direct sunlight. -
Page 63: Chapter 8 - Checklists
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Chapter 8 – Checklists 8.1 Introduction Checklists are lists of instructions describing necessary procedures in the correct order to en- sure that individual measures and checks are not forgotten. They are also intended to relieve the mental burden on the persons performing the tasks. - Page 64 Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Technical checks during operation of the balloon NOTE: The list is intended to serve as an aide-mémoire; it is a brief summary and not to be con- sidered as complete! Checks after laying out the balloon and before inflation: □...
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Page 65: Chapter 9 - Combination With Components From Other Manufacturers
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Chapter 9 – Combination with components from other manufacturers 9.1 Introduction This chapter describes what components from other manufacturers may be used with gas bal- loons of type NL-STU. 9.2 Basket Baskets of type TEKNO CT-01 and CT-02 from Ultramagic may be used following modification in accordance with Supplemental Type Certificate No. -
Page 66: Appendix 3 - Handling Of Gases During Operation Of Balloon Type Nl-Stu
Flight Manual for Gas Balloons of Type NL-STU Appendix Annex 1 Ultramagic TEKNO Basket (on request) Annex 2 Use of the fabric walled basket (on request) Annex 3 Handling of gases during operation of balloon type NL-STU Issue 2.0 May 10, 2019 Page A-1...