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Figure 1: Xprotolab, Xminilab, and the Portable models
Description:
The XScopes (Xminilab and Xprotolab) are a combination
of
three
electronic
instruments:
oscilloscope, an arbitrary waveform generator, and a
protocol sniffer; all housed in a small breadboard friendly
module. The XScopes can also be used as development
boards for the AVR XMEGA microcontroller.
Gabotronics
PO BOX 110332
Lakewood Rch, FL. 34211
www.gabotronics.com
a
mixed
Figure 2: XScopes Block Diagram
DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014
XScopes
Main Features:
Mixed Signal Oscilloscope: Simultaneous sampling of
2 analog and 8 digital signals.
Arbitrary Waveform Generator with advanced sweep
options on all the wave parameters.
Protocol Sniffer: SPI, I
Advanced Triggering System: Normal / Single / Auto /
Free, with many trigger modes; adjustable trigger level,
and ability to view signals prior to the trigger.
Meter Mode: VDC, VPP and Frequency readout.
XY Mode: For plotting Lissajous figures, V/I curves or
checking the phase difference between two waveforms.
Spectrum Analyzer with different windowing options
and selectable vertical log and IQ visualization.
signal
Channel Math: add, multiply, invert, and average.
Horizontal and Vertical Cursors with automatic
waveform measurements, and waveform references.
User's Manual
2
C, UART
Page | 1

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Summary of Contents for Gabotronics XScopes

  • Page 1  Horizontal and Vertical Cursors with automatic module. The XScopes can also be used as development waveform measurements, and waveform references. boards for the AVR XMEGA microcontroller. Figure 2: XScopes Block Diagram DS-XScopes-3.5 –...
  • Page 2 This manual targets both novice and advanced users, providing a full resource for everyone. However, for a full understanding of the operation of the XScopes, the user should be familiar with the operation of a regular oscilloscope. The features documented in this manual are for units with firmware version 2.40+.
  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Channel Gain ..............................14 2.2.3 Channel Position ............................14 2.2.4 Channel Invert ............................... 14 2.2.5 Channel Math ............................... 14 2.3 Trigger Settings ............................15 2.3.1 Trigger Types ..............................15 2.3.2 Trigger Modes ..............................16 DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 3...
  • Page 4 Line / Pixel Display ............................22 2.6.3 Show scope settings ............................. 22 2.6.4 Grid Type ................................ 22 2.6.5 Flip Display ..............................22 2.6.6 Invert Display ..............................22 Logic Analyzer and Protocol Sniffer ......................23 DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 4...
  • Page 5 6.2 Control Data ............................29 6.2.1 Bitfield variables ............................31 6.3 Vendor ID and Product ID ........................32 6.4 Command Set ............................32 6.4.1 Auto Send ..............................33 6.4.2 METER measurement data ......................... 33 DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 5...
  • Page 6 Firmware update in Windows: FLIP ......................39 9.2.2 Firmware upgrade in Linux: AVRDude...................... 39 10. Frequently Asked Questions ........................40 11. Troubleshooting ............................41 12. XScope Design ............................42 12.1 System Architecture ..........................42 12.2 Schematics .............................. 43 DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 6...
  • Page 7: General Overview

    3.3V signal, 10mA max output Interface RX input Connect to host’s TX Interface TX output Connect to host’s RX Interface link input 3.3V level input, with internal pull up Table 1: Pin description DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 7...
  • Page 8: Xprotolab Portable And Xminilab Portable Overview

    The USB port is also used to charge the device. The device can be charged either when the powered on or off. When the device is powered off, the battery can be fully charged in about 2 hours. DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 8...
  • Page 9: Specifications

    > +/- 7mA Output Voltage +/- 2V +/- 4V Low Pass Filter 44.1kHz 53kHz Table 2: XScopes Specifications Notes: 1. The Active current varies depending on the number of pixels lit on the display. DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 9...
  • Page 10: Dimensions

    XScopes User’s Manual 1.4 Dimensions Figure 11: Xprotolab Dimensions Figure 12: Xminilab 2.1 & 2.2 Dimensions Figure 13: Xminilab 2.3 Dimensions Figure 14: Xprotolab-Portable Dimensions Figure 15: Xminilab-Portable Dimensions DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 10...
  • Page 11: Absolute Maximum Ratings

    Press and hold the K1 key (auto setup). The screen should look like figure 16. Pressing K2 or K3 will change the sampling rate. Additional examples on how to use the device are presented in chapter 8. Figure 16: Quick start DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 11...
  • Page 12: User Interface

    All settings are stored to non-volatile memory only when exiting from the last menu. This method is used to reduce the number of write cycles to the microcontroller’s EEPROM The settings are not saved if the VCC voltage is under 3.15V. DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 12...
  • Page 13: Mixed Signal Oscilloscope

    When setting the XY mode, the graph can be moved vertically (Section 2.4.1.3). 2.1.4 Auto Setup The Auto Setup feature will try to find the optimum gain and time base for the signals being applied on CH1 and CH2. DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 13...
  • Page 14: Vertical Settings

    Figure 20: Number of samples averaged when enabling the channel AVERAGE option. The device’s To display CH1+CH2, first invert CH2 and then select the SUBTRACT sampling rate is normally faster than needed to be able to average samples function. DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 14...
  • Page 15: Trigger Settings

    Normal: Trace only when the trigger event occurs.  Single: Only one trace is displayed when the trigger event occurs.  Auto: Trace when the trigger event occurs, or after a timeout.  Free: Trace continuously ignoring the trigger. DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 15...
  • Page 16: Trigger Modes

    Slope Trigger: The difference of two points in the signal is above a value. Figure 27: Slope trigger DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 16...
  • Page 17: Trigger Hold

    Any analog or digital channel can be the trigger source. If selecting a digital channel as trigger source, the slope and window modes are not applicable; the device will use edge triggering. The external trigger input is an additional digital trigger source which tolerates voltages up to 5.5V. DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 17...
  • Page 18: Device Modes

    The result is a more stable waveform displayed on the screen. However, using this setting only makes sense when the scope is properly triggered on a periodic signal. The Elastic trace computes this equation for every point in the trace: ���������������� + �������������� ���������������� = DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 18...
  • Page 19: Xy Mode

    (K1 button on the main menu). Pressing any button will reset the counter. A stopwatch displays the time since the Pulse Counter started, and can reach 255 hours, 59 minutes, 59 seconds. DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 19...
  • Page 20: Spectrum Analyzer

    Blackman: 0.42 − 0.5 ∗ ������ ( ) + 0.08 ∗ ������( ������ −1 ������ −1 �� �� Figure 40: Window and sine frequency response, from left to right: Rectangular, Hamming, Hann and Blackman DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 20...
  • Page 21: Cursors

    2.5.6 Cursors in XY Mode When the XY mode is active, the vertical cursors are disabled, and the pair of horizontal cursors represent the X and Y position. Figure 44: Cursors in XY Mode DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 21...
  • Page 22: Display Settings

    The display orientation is flipped. This is useful when mounting the XScope on a panel, and the display’s orientations is backwards. 2.6.6 Invert Display When enabled, the display’s pixels are inverted (the display will have a white background). DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 22...
  • Page 23: Logic Analyzer And Protocol Sniffer

    All digital channels are inverted. This setting also affects the protocol sniffer! 3.4 Thick Logic ‘0’ A thick line is drawn when the signal is at logic ‘0’. This is useful to quickly differentiate a ‘0’ from a ‘1’. DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 23...
  • Page 24: Parallel Decoding

    At the beginning, the device will show 0x00 an all pages, and the last page will be set. The circular mode is useful if you are only interested in the most recent data received. DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 24...
  • Page 25: I2C Sniffer

    MISO line. Each side can show 40 bytes per page. With 16 pages, a total of 640 bytes can be stored for each decoded line. Table 7 shows the SPI configuration. DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 25...
  • Page 26: Arbitrary Waveform Generator

    K1 button serves as a shortcut key, which sets predefined values When enabling the Sweep, the waveform will be updated only on a screen refresh. For a smooth sweep, set the scope with a high speed sampling, or stop the oscilloscope. DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 26...
  • Page 27: Predefined Waveforms

    Note that the possible frequencies are discrete: 125000 ������������������ = ������������ ∗ ������������ Cycles: Integer number, with these possible values: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 Period: Integer number, with values between 32 and 65535 DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 27...
  • Page 28: Pc Interface

    Oscilloscope mode. Trigger Position Vertical Settings XY Mode Operating Modes tab Time Base Trigger Source Channel Position Trigger Type Channel Gain Trigger Timing Horizontal Position Figure 54: PC Interface DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 28...
  • Page 29: Custom Awg Waveform

    (similar to the Xprotolab screen). 6.2 Control Data All XScope’s settings are stored in 44 bytes, table 10 shows these variables, table 11 describes the bitfield variables. DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 29...
  • Page 30 AWG Offset Range: [-128,127] +2V to -1.985V desiredF LLB desiredF LHB AWG Desired Frequency Unsigned 32bit Range: [100, 12500000] 1Hz to 125kHz desiredF HLB multiplied by 100 desiredF HHB Table 10: Xscope’s settings DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 30...
  • Page 31: Bitfield Variables

    Bit 2: Elastic Display Display Bit 3: Invert Display Bit 4: Flip Display Index 7 Bit 5: Persistent Display Bit 6: Line / Pixel Display Line (1), Pixels (0) Bit 7: Show Settings DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 31...
  • Page 32: Vendor Id And Product Id

    Index and Value are additional parameters sent to the XScope. If the PC is requesting data, it will be returned in the endpoint 0 IN buffer. Table 12 shows the XScope Interface Protocol Commands. DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 32...
  • Page 33: Auto Send

    1.25. In the Frequency Counter mode, the data is in Byte 2 Channel 2 LB Freq. Cnt. byte 1 32bit unsigned format, which represents the counter value. Byte 3 Channel 2 HB Freq. Cnt. byte 0 Table 14: METER data DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 33...
  • Page 34: Bmp Screen Capture

    Select 115200 bits per second, 8 data bits, Parity None, 1 Stop bit, Flow control None. (See figure 56) Figure 56: HyperTerminal Settings  In the Transfer menu, select Receive File.  Enter a folder where to save the file and use the XMODEM protocol. (See figure 56) DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 34...
  • Page 35: To Send A Bmp Screen Capture To Linux

    To use, make the script executable with “chmod +x capture.sh”. Then enter “./capture.sh” into a terminal followed by the serial device for example “./capture.sh /dev/ttyUSB0”. Then enter a name for the bmp image including the .bmp file extension. Figure 58: Screen capture in Linux DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 35...
  • Page 36: Xscope's Examples

    When the AWG voltage is negative, the diode acts like an open circuit and the capacitor discharges thru the resistor at an exponential rate. DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 36...
  • Page 37: Bjt Amplifier

    7) Set the display to persistent. Figure 73 shows an RLC circuit, and figure 74 shows the frequency response. Figure 74: Frequency plot This example shows the vertical scale with the LOG disabled. DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 37...
  • Page 38: Firmware Updating

    12. Go to the FUSES tab and select: - BODPD: Sampled, BODACT: Continuous, BODLVL: 2.8V, SUT: 4ms 13. Click Program 14. After updating the firmware, make sure to recalibrate the device (See section 1.6). DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 38...
  • Page 39: Firmware Upgrade Using The Bootloader

    1.6). 9.2.2 Firmware upgrade in Linux: AVRDude 1) Run avrdude, for both the application and EEPROM contents: sudo avrdude -c flip2 -p x32a4u -U application:w:xprotolab-p.hex:i sudo avrdude -c flip2 -p x32a4u -U eep:w:xprotolab-p.eep:i DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 39...
  • Page 40: Frequently Asked Questions

    8) Can I measure voltages above 20V? The portable XScopes can use a 3.5mm to BNC adapter, and then you could use a standard 10:1 probe. On the non- portable devices, you can add a 9Mohm resistor in series to the input. Since the input impedance of the device is 1Mohm, the voltage will is divided by 10 (This is the equivalent of using a 10:1 probe).
  • Page 41: Troubleshooting

    - Activity on the green LED. - When connecting to a PC, you can hear the “Device connected” sound on Windows. If all fails and if the device is under warranty, you can send it back for repairs. DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 41...
  • Page 42: Xscope Design

    XScopes User’s Manual XScope Design The hardware and firmware are open source under the GPLv3 license. The firmware for all the Xscopes is available on GitHub: https://github.com/ganzziani/XScopes-Firmware 12.1 System Architecture The XScope uses many resources and peripherals of the XMEGA microcontroller. Figure 76 shows the XScope’s Architecture block diagram.
  • Page 43: Schematics

    XScopes User’s Manual 12.2 Schematics Figure 78: Xprotolab Schematic DS-XScopes-3.5 – December, 2014 Page | 43...
  • Page 44 www.gabotronics.com...
  • Page 45 Mouser Electronics Authorized Distributor Click to View Pricing, Inventory, Delivery & Lifecycle Information: Seeed Studio 109990024...

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