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REGULA 7708 Operating Manual

Magneto-optical hysteresigraph mohyster
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Certified Quality
Management System
MAGNETO-OPTICAL HYSTERESIGRAPH
MOHYSTER REGULA 7708
Operating Manual

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Summary of Contents for REGULA 7708

  • Page 1 Certified Quality Management System MAGNETO-OPTICAL HYSTERESIGRAPH MOHYSTER REGULA 7708 Operating Manual...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    CONTENTS 1 INTENDED USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 APPLICATION AREAS .

  • Page 4: Intended Use

    This operating manual (hereinafter referred to as the Manual) describes the design, operating principle and service instructions for the hardware and software system of magneto-optical hysteresigraph MOHyster Regula 7708 (hereinafter referred to as the device, MOHyster and the MO hysteresigraph) .

  • Page 5: Application Areas

    Figure 1 APPLICATION AREAS Possible application areas of the MO hysteresigraph: applied scientific research in the field of developing new and improving existing magnetic security features of documents; judicial forensics: authenticity verification of securities and banknotes; classification of methods of counterfeiting of magnetic protection of securities and banknotes .

  • Page 6: Design And Operation

    DESIGN AND OPERATION General view of MOHyster (Fig . 2–3): (A) – case; (B) – object table; (C) – magneto-optical visualization and magnetic measurement device; (H) – pressing unit; (D) – magnetic units of the controlled object magnetization device; (E) – light target for object positioning; (F) –...
  • Page 7 Figure 2 Figure 3...

  • Page 8: Scope Of Delivery

    USB . Most of time-consuming measurement cycles (such as obtaining hysteresis characteristics) are automatic . SCOPE OF DELIVERY The device comes standard with the following: Magneto-optical hysteresigraph MOHyster Regula 7708 Power supply unit Personal computer (optional) Specialized software CADR (memory card with the MOHyster module)

  • Page 9: Operation

    OPERATION ATTENTION! This equipment is not suitable for use in locations where children are likely to be present . WARNING! Keep body parts away from moving parts . DO NOT put your hands or fingers near the moving parts (the moving portal) . Make sure machinery, equipment and power tools are completely off before you try replacing, cleaning or repairing parts .

  • Page 10: Software Installation

    Software installation MOHyster is supplied with the following software: 1) Specialized software CADR (with the MOHyster module) for device control, data processing, analysis and storage; 2) Device driver . Software installation procedure: Insert the external media (CD or flash memory card) with the MOHyster software into your computer .

  • Page 11: Description Of The "Mohyster Control" Functional Toolbar Of The Cadr Software

    Figure 4 an initial rough estimation of the type of magnetic material of the object (if the material is magnetically soft and does not leave remanent magnetization, the magneto-optical image of the object will disappear) . To adjust the position of the object, set the magnetizing field intensity to 50 kA/m by pressing the button (9) (the intensity value is indicated on the digital display (4) (Fig .
  • Page 12 Figure 5 Figure 6 The "MOHyster control" functional toolbar will be displayed (Fig . 6) . On the "MOHyster control" toolbar there are function buttons for controlling the device . Some functions allow parameter setting . To open the settings menu, right-click one of the following buttons: –...
  • Page 13 – construct individual hysteresis curves: 1 – initial magnetization branch; 2 – magnetic return branch; 3 – magnetization reversal branch . Parameters can be configured . For a detailed description, see s . 5 .6; – construct full hysteresis characteristic, consisting of the 3 above hysteresis curves .

  • Page 14: Performance Of Magnetic Measurements

    Figure 7 Performance of magnetic measurements The "Magnetic measurements" function of the CADR software (Fig . 6) sets the hysteresigraph control algorithm, which allows determining the values of the 2D spatial distribution function value of the stray magnetic field on the object surface and output the results in the form of a topogram B(x, ...

  • Page 15: Parameters Of The "Magnetic Measurements" Function

    The process of measurement can be speed up by enabling the "Draft" mode using the button . In this mode, only 32 magneto-optical measurement frames obtained by application of 16 levels of calibrated compensation magnetic field will be used, and the missing data will be generated by approximation .

  • Page 16: Using The "Magnetic Measurements" Function

    5.5.2 Using the "Magnetic measurements" function To estimate the magnetic parameters of Figure 9 a specified area, it is necessary to set and position the object first in accordance with the recommendations described in ss . 5 .3–5 .4 . Start "Magnetic measurements" function To do this, left-click the "Magnetic measurements"...
  • Page 17 Fig . 7–9 were made with a magnetizing field of 50 kA/m, which corresponds to the unified value used in various magneto-optical measuring devices, such as Regula 4197M MagMouse and Regula 7701M MagReader as well as magnetic measurement specimens from the Currency database .

  • Page 18: Magnetic Induction Topogram Processing And Analysis

    a value of the remanent magnetic flux Φ > 0 nWb, and the specimen printed with a magnetically soft material will have value Φ ≈ 0 nWb (specifically, measurement noise level of ≈ 0–0 .2 nWb) . 5.5.3 Magnetic induction topogram processing and analysis Let’s consider the most general approaches to the processing of magnetic measure- ment results through the example of comparative examinations of two specimens of a 1 USD banknote: genuine and counterfeit (printed on a laser printer) .
  • Page 19 Magneto-optical images in windows (A) and (B) have a scale of 1:1 (without zoom), so only a part (approx . 1/4) of each image is visible . For ease of comparing images in windows, arrange them horizontally, by pressing the "Tile" button on the CADR toolbar (D) .
  • Page 20 Points of the accumulated magneto-optical image with the set level of magnetic in- duction B can also be selected using other tools, for example, by selecting the "Magnetic Induction at Point" function on the parameter settings panel . To do this, right-click the button A common magnetic induction value of ±1 .575 mT (red for +1 .575 mT and blue for -1 .575mT) is set for the compared accumulated magneto-optical images (Fig .
  • Page 21 The initial data of the example shown in Fig . 13 are identical to those in Fig . 11, except for the windows arrangement . For ease of comparison of the images, arrange the windows vertically by pressing the "Tile" button on the CADR toolbar (D) while holding down the Shift key .
  • Page 22 In fig . 14, a common magnetic induction value of ±0 .175 mT was set in window (C) to construct surface contours of for the compared accumulated magneto-optical images (genuine specimen (B) and counterfeit specimen (A)) . A comparison of the color contours (lines of equal magnetic induction) shows that the genuine banknote (B) has larger (high energy) contours of lines with equal magnetic induction, and they adjoin each other in the middle of magnetic ink strokes .

  • Page 23: Magnetic Induction Histogram Processing And Analysis

    . These operations can be performed by selecting the "Magnetic remeasurements" item in the menu: [Modules] -> [MOHyster/Regula 7708] -> [Magnetic remeasurements] or by pressing the button on the CADR toolbar (Fig .
  • Page 24 5.5.4.2 Using the "Magnetic flux" and "Histogram distance" parameters The results (Fig . 16) of the calculation of the magnetic fluxes Φ and the distance d between the histograms are displayed in the legend area (G) . The values of the magnetic fluxes Φ differ by less than 2 times: 142 .9 nWb for the genuine object (B) and 102 .8 nWb for the counterfeit object (A) .
  • Page 25 In this case, the average value of the parameter B will be also displayed on the histogram legend (E) . The results of calculating the maxima of magnetic induction in the distributions of B differ by more than 2 times: 4 .94 mT for the genuine object (B) and 2 .31 mT for the coun- terfeit object (A) .
  • Page 26 for the genuine object (B) and 0 .37 mT for the counterfeit object (A) . The obtained value of the distance between the histograms is d = 66, which exceeds the distance threshold established for this type of objects (a threshold value of d = 40 was obtained from a training dataset of several dozen genuine specimens) .
  • Page 27 After the position and size of the selection frame required for the examination is se- lected, use the "Magnetic remeasurements" function as described above (from the menu [Modules] -> [MOHyster/Regula 7708] -> [Magnetic remeasurements]) or button on the toolbar . A window with appear, displaying the histogram of the normal component of magnetic induction B for the selected fragment of the visualized frame and the calculated value of the magnetic flux modulus Φ...
  • Page 28 . Then select the "Approximation" function in the menu [Modules] -> [MOHyster/ Regula 7708] -> [Approximation] (see Fig . 21) . Fig . 22 shows the initial (the top window) and approximated (the bottom window) his- tograms B .

  • Page 29: Construction Of Magnetic Hysteresis Characteristics

    Figure 22 Construction of magnetic hysteresis characteristics 5.6.1 Brief explanation of the magnetic hysteresis phenomenon Magnetic hysteresis is the phenomenon of the dependence of the magnetization vector and magnetic induction vector in a substance not only on the intensity of the applied external magnetic field, but also on the magnetic history of this object . Mathematically, it is described by a non-linear and ambiguous function (see Fig .
  • Page 30 Figure 23 If the intensity of the negative magnetizing field is monotonously increased from the value Н = 0 to the value Н = - H in state 2, then the hysteresis curve will come to point 3, where the magnetic induction of the object turns to zero (B = 0), i .e . a full demagnetization of the object by the opposing field will take place .

  • Page 31: Parameters Of The "Hysteresis" Function

    . 5.6.2 Parameters of the "Hysteresis" function To access the "Hysteresis" function parameters, first open the "MagReader/Regula 7701 Complex" window by clicking the button (A) (Fig . 5) . In the opened "MOHyster control" toolbar (Fig . 6), right-click the button .

  • Page 32: Using The "Hysteresis" Function

    Figure 24 Figure 25 The hysteresis characteristic M-H is constructed by a separate command (see ss . 5 .6 .5), but even in this case, the initial data for calculating the M-H type characteristic is the measured B-H type hysteresis characteristic . For the parameters of the "Hysteresis"...
  • Page 33 the coordinate of the current magnetization field H (in the range of 0–100 kA/m with a sampling rate of 5 kA/m) . Let’s consider using the "Hysteresis" function in practice . The test object is a genuine 1 USD banknote (Fig . 11 (B)) . The Ф-Н type function of magnetic hysteresis in the applied magnetization field was selected for construction (the hysteresis settings were set as shown in Fig .

  • Page 34: Hysteresis" Function Windows Elements And Navigation

    5.6.4 "Hysteresis" function windows elements and navigation The windows of the "Hysteresis" function (Fig . 26) with fixed image areas contain the following: (A) – display area of measuring magneto-optical images; (B) – display area of the histograms of magnetic induction B and the calculated values of magnetic flux Ф;...

  • Page 35: Selecting The Hysteresis Characteristic Type (В-Н, Ф-Н Or М-Н)

    reproducibility of the magnetic flux estimation results: Ф = 142 .9 nWb for the single measurement (Fig . 17) and Ф = 143 .0 nW for the point estimation of the hysteresis function (Fig . 27) . When the current point of the current hysteresis branch (Fig . 27) is selected in the hysteresis window (D), the data in the windows (A–C) change .

  • Page 36: Processing And Analysis Of Magnetic Hysteresis Characteristics

    B-H (or Ф-H) type, for example, the hysteresis window (Fig . 28 (D)) by clicking it once, then select the M-H type graph construction function "Magnetization hysteresis" in the menu [Modules] -> [MOHyster/Regula 7708] -> [Magnetization hysteresis] . A new window "Magnetization hysteresis" displaying the graph of the hysteresis characteristic of type M-H (Fig .
  • Page 37 Figure 30 print specimen involves comparison of their hysteresis characteristics of types B-H, Ф-H and M-H . The compared values can be the following: values of parameters (e .g . for type В-Н: H and W) of the magnetic hysteresis functions (s . 5 .6 .6 .1), С...
  • Page 38 Figure 31 The definition of the comparison criteria for the hysteresis parameters and setting the threshold values is a methodological task, and is out of scope of this manual . However, in order to complete the analysis of the examples shown in Fig . 31–32), set the "friend-or- foe"...
  • Page 39 (Fig . 33) . To perform this function, select the windows of the compared hystereses, then enter the menu [Modules] -> [MOHyster/ Regula 7708] and select the [Comparison of hystereses or tomograms] item .
  • Page 40 A new window "Comparison of hystereses" displaying both compared hysteresis functions will be opened in CADR . Fig . 33 shows the result of comparing hysteresis functions of B-H type for the hysteresis loops of a genuine (Fig . 31) and a counterfeit (Fig . 32) 1 USD banknote .
  • Page 41 5.6.6.3 Magnetic hardness type classification categories In ss . 5 .6 .1 it was mentioned, that when classifying magnetic materials, it is the value of the coercive force H that is used as a threshold distributor between magnetically soft, semi-hard and hard materials/objects . It was also noted that the concept of coercive force differs based on the type of magnetic hysteresis characteristic .

  • Page 42: Construction Of A Magnetic Field Tomogram

    The magnetic hysteresis loops in Fig . 35 are displayed in full: they occupy four qua- drants (as in Fig . 23), in contrast to the cut two-quadrant loops considered earlier (Fig . 26– 33) . To display the hysteresis characteristic in a similar way, right-click the hysteresis window .

  • Page 43: Using The "Magnetic Tomography" Function

    Figure 36 5.7.2 Using the "Magnetic tomography" function The "Magnetic tomography" function of the CADR software (Fig . 6) is used for setting the hysteresigraph control algorithm, which allows determining the values of 3D spatial distribution of the stray magnetic field over the object surface В(x,  y,  z) and present the results in the form of: a tomogram (layered structure) of the stray magnetic field, consisting of a set of 2D functions B(x, ...
  • Page 44 After pressing the function button , the automated process of constructing the specified magnetic hysteresis characteristic of the object begins . It requires the assistance of the operator to change the spacers . This process completes in a few minutes of operation of the MOHyster complex (approx .

  • Page 45: Processing And Analysis Of Magnetic Tomograms

    maximum function В (x,  y,  z) or magnetic flux Φ(z) and (E) of the volume integral of the magnetic induction ∫В(x,  y,  z) [Т м The window navigation and measurement data saving procedure are the same as for the hysteresis function described previously in ss . 5 .6 .3–5 .6 .4 . Figure 38 5.7.3 Processing and analysis of magnetic tomograms Let’s consider examples of processing and analysis of magnetic tomograms (Fig .
  • Page 46 (B), and then the [Comparison of hystereses or tomograms] function was selected in the program menu (C) [Modules] -> [MOHyster/Regula 7708] . As a result, a new window "Comparison of magnetic tomograms" (D) is opened, displaying the compared graphs on a single scale .

  • Page 47: Test Objects And Complex Performance Monitoring

    As can be seen in Fig . 39–40, the magnetic flux on the surface (z = 0) differs noticeably for the compared objects . The intaglio print area of the 1 USD banknote (B) has the highest magnetic flux Ф(z  =  0) = 211 .4 nWb . Besides the high density and high relief of the print, this area also shows a high magnetic permeability of the magnetic material used (В...

  • Page 48: Estimating The Spatial Resolution Using Test Object No . 1

    ATTENTION! Fig . 41 shows only the appearance, not the test object set itself . The test object set is located in the MOHyster complex SPTA kit in a plastic bag . The test object set (Fig . 41) has 3 print areas, each of which corresponds to a certain type of test object .

  • Page 49: Estimating The Measurement Noise Using Test Object No . 2

    Figure 42 Estimating the measurement noise using test object No. 2 To estimate the spatial resolution, first set and position test object No . 2 in accordance with the recommendations of ss . 5 .3–5 .4 . Check the alignment of the control area with the image area (the contour frame must be out of the image area) . Construct the initial branch of the hysteresis characteristic of type Ф-Н...

  • Page 50: Estimating The Measurement Accuracy Using Test Object No . 3

    To compare the results with the configured values, open the file TO_2 .gif, which is included in the package . Compare the obtained hysteresis characteristic (Fig . 43) with the identical characteristic in the file TO_2 .moh (see ss . 5 .6 .6) . The permissible difference in the magnetic flux for any point in the measurement range is not more than 50 % of the reference TO_2 .moh .
  • Page 51 Figure 44 Construct the initial branch of the hysteresis characteristic of type Ф-Н  (see ss . 5 .6 .3) . The "Draft" mode must be disabled . An example of the test result is shown in Fig . 44 . Analyze the measurement results (see Fig .

  • Page 52: Shutting Down

    SHUTTING DOWN Close the CADR software . The object table of the hysteresigraph will switch move to the object setting/removal position . If the complex will not be used for more than an hour (pause), turn off the power switch of the device . All indicators on the front panel turn off . If the device will not be used for a long time (more than 8 hours), disconnect the power supply plug from the power outlet .

  • Page 53: Specifications

    Remove the holding frame (B) (Fig . 45) with the damaged fluoroplastic cover by pulling it up . Remove the damaged fluoroplastic cover from the holding frame . Install a new fluo- roplastic cover (included in the SPTA kit) inside the holding frame (A–B) (Fig . 46) . Place back the holding frame and lock it by pressing until it clicks (C) (Fig .

  • Page 54: Transportation And Storage

    Table 1 (continued) Parameter/characteristic Value 13 . Power 24 V ±10 %, 2 A from a switched- mode power supply: 100–240 V ~, 50/60 Hz, 1 .5 A max 14 . Recommended operating temperature range: – in the magnetic parameter measurement mode, °С (+25 ±1) –...
  • Page 55 Figure 47 Figure 48...
  • Page 56 Figure 49 Figure 50...

  • Page 57: Disposal

    Screw 4 studs (3) (if they were previously unscrewed) into the base of the plate (Fig . 49) . Place the foam gaskets (5) and install the horizontal links of the cradle (4) . Secure the cradle with the nuts (6) . During the operation of the device, when transport accessories are not used, it is rec- ommended to store them together in the transport packaging .

  • Page 58: Certificate Of Conformity

    CERTIFICATE OF CONFORMITY Magneto-optical hysteresigraph MOHyster Regula 7708 . The product with serial number ______________ was manufactured and approved for use in accordance with the mandatory requirements of state standards and applicable technical documentation . Responsible for acceptance: ________________ ________________...
  • Page 60 97, A .Pumpura Street, Daugavpils, Republic of Latvia, LV-5404, Phone: +371 654 31 299; Fax: + 371 654 31 290 E-mail: regula@regula .lv; Web:www .regulaforensics .com...

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