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Chaparral G5312/G7313 User Manual

G- and k-series external raid board controller user's guide
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G- and K-Series
External RAID Board Controller
G5312/G7313
K5312/K7313
User's Guide

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  • Page 1 G- and K-Series External RAID Board Controller G5312/G7313 K5312/K7313 User’s Guide...

  • Page 3: Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement

    Comments and suggestions can be sent to the address listed above. Technical Support If after reviewing this user’s guide, you still have questions about installing or using your Chaparral product, please contact us at (303) 684-3200 or by e-mail at support@chaparralnet.com...

  • Page 4: Canadian Compliance Statement

    Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for help. Use a shielded and properly grounded I/O cable and power cable to ensure compliance of this unit to the specified limits of the rules.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Introduction About This Guide 1-1 Conventions 1-2 Product Features 1-2 Motherboard CPU Subsystem (G-Series) 1-2 Motherboard Ultra2 SCSI Channels (G-Series) 1-2 Motherboard Disk Cache (G-Series) 1-3 Battery Interface (G-Series) 1-3 Hardware Configuration and Management Support (G-Series) 1-3 Onboard Connectors (G-Series) 1-4 Daughterboard (G-Series) 1-4 Motherboard CPU Subsystem (K-Series) 1-4 Motherboard Ultra2 SCSI Channels (K-Series) 1-4...
  • Page 6 G- and K-Series User’s Guide Environmental (K-Series) 1-11 Battery (K-Series) 1-12 Reference Documents 1-13 External Documents 1-13 Chaparral Documents 1-13 Hardware Installation Connecting the Controller 2-1 Connecting to the SCSI Port 2-1 Connecting to the Fibre Channel Port 2-1 Connecting to the RS-232 Port 2-2...
  • Page 7 Monitoring System Status Displaying the Event Log 5-1 Viewing the Most Recent Event 5-2 Viewing One Event at a Time 5-2 Viewing a Whole Screen of Events 5-4 Capturing the Event Log File 5-4 Displaying Hardware and Configuration Information 5-5 Displaying Overall Statistics 5-11 Resetting Overall Statistics 5-14 Managing Spares...
  • Page 8 Taking Down a Drive 8-10 Testing a Drive 8-11 Managing SAF-TE Enclosures 8-11 Changing the SEP LUN 8-12 Changing the Additional SEP Settings 8-14 Troubleshooting Chaparral Technical Support 9-1 Terminal Emulator and COM Port Problems 9-1 Array Problems 9-2 Host SCSI Channel Problems 9-3...
  • Page 9 Device SCSI Channel Problems 9-4 Problems During Bootup 9-4 Controller Problems 9-5 Warning And Error Events 9-6 Warnings 9-7 Errors 9-8 Using the Loader Diagnostics Menu 9-9 Using the Loader Utility Menu 9-9 Understanding SCSI Errors 9-9 Disk Errors 9-9 Disk Channel Errors 9-11 Voltage and Temperature Errors and Warnings 9-13 Array Basics...
  • Page 10 G- and K-Series User’s Guide viii...

  • Page 11: Introduction

    Introduction This User’s Guide explains how to install and use the Chaparral G- and K-Series External RAID Controllers, which are designed to be installed in a RAID enclosure and used with a host system to provide a powerful disk subsystem.

  • Page 12: Conventions

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Conventions This Guide uses several typographical conventions to help explain how to use the controller. Convention Bold CTRL-R Product Features The following sections describe the features of the G- and K-Series RAID controllers. Motherboard CPU Subsystem (G-Series) 86-133 MHz processor with internal 16 KB L1 unified code and data cache 8-MB zero-wait state, burst mode, extended-data out (EDO) DRAM memory...

  • Page 13: Motherboard Disk Cache (G-Series)

    Supports full backward compatibility for asynchronous, fast, Ultra 1, and Ultra2 SCSI (80 MB/sec) SCSI terminators and termination power sources must reside in the enclosure subsystem Note: There is no support for high-voltage differential (HVD) SCSI (RS-485 SCSI-3 compliant). Motherboard Disk Cache (G-Series) Adaptec AIC-2100 dual-port PCI disk cache ECC memory controller PCI-to-PCI Bridge providing full CPU and PCI bus concurrency Disk cache size modularity using standard SDRAM 168-pin ECC DIMM...

  • Page 14: Onboard Connectors (G-Series)

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide General purpose I/O for enclosure-specific functions to backplane connector interface SAF-TE support for enclosure management. Onboard Connectors (G-Series) 2-pin fan connector (fused 12.0 V) 3-pin battery pack connector 6-pin status/fault/backup LED connector Daughterboard (G-Series) The G7313 incorporates a FC daughterboard for single loop Fibre Channel connectivity.

  • Page 15: Motherboard Disk Cache (K-Series)

    Supports full backward compatibility for asynchronous, fast, Ultra 1 (40 MB/sec), and Ultra2 SCSI (80 MB/sec) Onboard Ultra2 SCSI terminators supporting auto-detection and auto- configuration for LVD/SE Onboard termination power source circuit breakers Note: There is no support for high-voltage differential (HVD) SCSI (RS- 485 SCSI-3 compliant).

  • Page 16: Hardware Configuration And Management Support (K-Series)

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Hardware Configuration and Management Support (K-Series) RS-232 serial port for configuration and troubleshooting Analog-to-digital converter for power, temperature, and enclosure monitoring Onboard standard PC-type lithium battery for continuous Real-Time Clock (RTC) power when the unit is shut down Onboard Connectors (K-Series) Qty = two 2-pin fan connector (fused 12.0 V) 3-pin battery pack connector...

  • Page 17: Specifications

    Z-axis height above top surface of motherboard PCB 100-pin surface mount connectors with 0.8-mm pin pitch, 7-mm connector stack height Table 1-2. Electrical Specifications G5312/G7313: 3.0A typical Ultra2 SCSI host 4.0A max Ultra2 SCSI host 4.0A typical FC host 5.0A max FC host...

  • Page 18: Environmental (G-Series)

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Table 1-2. Electrical Specifications (Continued) Item Specifications +12V +12 Vdc A/D Monitoring Environmental (G-Series) Table 1-3 shows the environmental specifications of the controllers: Table 1-3. Environmental Specifications Item Reliability Temperature <-6.5%, >+10.0 Controller shutdown (failure) <4.67 Vdc, 5.5 Vdc 0.6A max battery charging 0.1 A typical normal operation...

  • Page 19: Battery (G-Series)

    Table 1-3. Environmental Specifications (Continued) Item Humidity Air flow Vibration Shock Linear flow along controller Y (long) axis Battery (G-Series) Table 1-4 shows the specifications of the G5312/G7313 battery available from Chaparral: Item Charge time Operating range Storage temperature Storage humidity A fully charged battery can provide a minimum of 72 hours backup time using all ranges of DIMM sizes.

  • Page 20: Physical (K-Series)

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Physical (K-Series) Table 1-5 shows the physical specifications of the motherboard and daughterboard. Item Specifications Motherboard Form factor: 4.95 x 7.34 inch motherboard PCB, 1.25 inch max Z-axis height AMP Z-Pack backplane mating receptacle, 235-pin connector with combined LVD, FC, RS-232 serial port, I (GPIO), and power Daughterboard...

  • Page 21: Environmental (K-Series)

    Item Specifications A/D Monitoring Battery A/D Monitoring Environmental (K-Series) Table 1-7 shows the environmental specifications of the controllers. Table 1-7. Environmental Specifications Item Specifications Reliability K5312 Main Board: MTBF = 200,000 hours K7313 Main and Fibre Boards: MTBF = 140,000 hours CPU Fan = 37,523, MTTF = 4.3 years Battery = 26,300, MTTF - 3.0 years Note: Battery life is probably higher based on duty cycle, battery...

  • Page 22: Battery (K-Series)

    Shock Vertical: 30.0 g @ 3.0 msec pulse width Horizontal: 15.0 g @ 3.0 msec pulse width per IBM C-S 1-9711-007 Battery (K-Series) Table 1-8 shows the specifications of the battery available from Chaparral. Item Charge time Operating range Storage...

  • Page 23: Reference Documents

    SCSI-2 and SCSI-3 Specification - ANSI standard documents Fibre Channel Physical and Signaling Interface (FC-PH) - ANSI standard document Chaparral Documents Chaparral CAPI Functional Specification Chaparral K5312/K7313 Board-Only Design-In Handbook G5312/G7313 External Raid Controller Design-In Handbook Multi-LUN SAF-TE Environmental Processor Design ❒ Introduction 1-13...
  • Page 24 G- and K-Series User’s Guide 1-14...

  • Page 25: Hardware Installation

    This chapter explains how to connect the controller in your RAID enclosure to your network and host computer. Connecting the Controller Your controller is already installed in an enclosure. Before you configure the controller and create arrays, you must connect the controller, which has two types of data connections: SCSI channel (G5312 and K5312)—permitting connection to a server (host).

  • Page 26: Connecting To The Rs-232 Port

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide To connect to the Fibre Channel port: Be sure the enclosure power is turned off. Connect one end of the Fibre Channel cable to the FC port on the enclosure. Connect the other end of the Fibre Channel cable to a server’s HBA or to an arbitrated loop hub or fabric switch.
  • Page 27 To connect to the RS-232 port: Be sure the enclosure power is turned off. Using a straight-through serial cable, connect one end of the cable to the serial port on the enclosure. Connect the other end of the serial cable to the serial port on the computer that will monitor and configure the controller.
  • Page 28 G- and K-Series User’s Guide...

  • Page 29: Accessing The Disk Array Administrator Software

    Accessing the Disk Array You can display and change a variety of settings using the Disk Array Administrator software. Using the Disk Array Administrator, you can: Create and mange arrays (see Chapter 4, Creating and Managing Arrays) Monitor system status (see Chapter 5, Monitoring System Status) Manage spares (see Chapter 6, Managing Spares) Configure the controller (see Chapter 7, Configuring the Controller) Manage disk drives and enclosures (see Chapter 8, Managing Disk Drives and...
  • Page 30 Be sure that your terminal emulation software is set to use the correct COM port on your computer. See Terminal Emulator and COM Port Problems on page 9-1 for more details on how the controller can auto-detect the baud rate. Press CTRL-R. The initial Chaparral Disk Array Administrator screen displays. Value None Value...

  • Page 31: Navigating The Disk Array Administrator Software

    Press Enter. The System Menu displays. You can now perform all of the functions described in following chapters. All steps start from the System Menu. If an alarm condition has occurred, you will see a message about the problem. This message will also be stored in the event log. Navigating the Disk Array Administrator Software You can navigate the Disk Array Administrator software using your keyboard.

  • Page 32: Changing The Screen Display

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Note: After four minutes of inactivity, the Disk Array Administrator software times out and returns to the initial screen. Changing the Screen Display After you have accessed the Disk Array Administrator software, you can change the screen display using a combination of keystrokes, as shown on the System Menu.
  • Page 33 Accessing the Disk Array Administrator Software Figure 3-1. Menu tree...
  • Page 34 G- and K-Series User’s Guide Figure 3-2. Menu tree (continued) ❒...

  • Page 35: Creating And Managing Arrays

    Creating and Managing Arrays Using the Disk Array Administrator, you can create and manage arrays. You can perform the following array-related functions: Create arrays (see page 4-1) View array and drive status (see page 4-8) Stop the initialization process (see page 4-14) Verify an array (see page 4-15) Reconstruct an array (see page 4-17) Expand array capacity (see page 4-18)
  • Page 36 G- and K-Series User’s Guide Table 4-1. Drive requirements by array type (Continued) RAID Level Mirrored Note: Before you create more than one array, you must be sure that your host operating system supports multiple Logical Unit Numbers (LUNs). Most operating systems do, or have an option you can enable to support multiple LUNs.
  • Page 37 If you do not want to name the array, you can just press Enter. You can add or change the name later. The LUN screen displays. Select the LUN for the array and press Enter. The LUN that displays is the suggested default LUN assignment. If the letters OV appear before a LUN, it indicates that the selection overlaps with a soft LUN, probably the controller or SAF-TE Environmental Processor (SEP) LUN.
  • Page 38 G- and K-Series User’s Guide The RAID Type screen displays. Select the array type: RAID0, RAID3, RAID4, RAID5, RAID50, VOLUME (a single drive similar to just a bunch of disks (JBOD) except that it includes metadata), or MIRRORED and press Enter. Note: A RAID 10 array is created when there are more than two drives in a mirrored array.
  • Page 39 Enter the number of drives (excluding spares) you want in the array and press Enter. The Select Drives screen displays with a list of all available drives, including the following information about each drive: – Channel – SCSI ID – Drive capacity –...
  • Page 40 G- and K-Series User’s Guide If the Number of Spares screen displays, enter the number of spares you want to add and press Enter. This creates dedicated spares that can only be used by this array. A dedicated spare drive will not be available for any other use. For more information about spares, see Chapter 6, Managing Spares.
  • Page 41 appropriate chunk size, refer to your operating system documentation. For example, the default chunk size for Windows NT and many other operating systems is 64 KB. If you are using the array for a database with very small records, you may want to use a smaller chunk size. The system confirms that you want to create the array.

  • Page 42: Managing Arrays

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Managing Arrays The Disk Array Administrator software lets you manage your arrays in a variety of ways. You can: View array and drive status (see page 4-8) Stop the initialization process (see page 4-14) Verify an array (see page 4-15) Reconstruct an array (see page 4-17) Expand array capacity (see page 4-18) Change the array LUN (see page 4-21)
  • Page 43 WBcache—Status of the write-back cache (enabled or disabled) for this array. Created—Date the array was created. Utility—Utility running (None, Verify, Reconstruct, Expand, or Initialize). To view the status of an array: From the System Menu, select Array Menu and press Enter. The Select Array screen displays with a list of existing arrays.
  • Page 44 G- and K-Series User’s Guide Select Array Status and press Enter. The status screen displays showing the status of the array you selected. Press Esc to return to the Array Menu. Viewing Array Statistics You can view the current array statistics. The following statistics are available: Read—Total number of host read requests directed to the array Write—Total number of host write requests directed to the array SecRd—Total number of sectors read from the array...
  • Page 45 Select the array you want and press Enter. The Array Menu screen displays. Select Array Statistics and press Enter. The statistics menu screen displays. Select View Statistics and press Enter. The statistics screen displays showing the statistics of the array you selected. Press Esc to return to the statistics menu.
  • Page 46 G- and K-Series User’s Guide Resetting Array Statistics You can reset the follow array statistics to zero: Read Write SecRd SecWt I/O Size Note: Resetting statistics here also resets the statistics for this array that are included in the aggregate statistics. See Displaying Overall Statistics on page 5-11.

  • Page 47: Viewing Drive Status

    Viewing Drive Status You can view the status of the drives in an array, including the following information: Drive number—This drive’s sequential position in the controller’s drive list Drive status—Whether the drive is up or down Channel number—Back-end disk bus number Target ID Size—Size of the drive in MB Status—If part of an array, this displays the array name and member number.

  • Page 48: Stopping The Array Initialization Process

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide The drive status screen displays showing the drives that are members of the array and that are assigned as dedicated spares. Use the arrow keys to scroll through the drives. These are the drives that ↑...

  • Page 49: Verifying An Array

    Verifying an Array The Verify function allows you to verify the data on the specified array (RAID 3, RAID 4, RAID 5, RAID 50, and mirrored arrays only): RAID 3, RAID 4, RAID 5, and RAID 50—Verifies all parity blocks in the selected array and corrects any bad parity.
  • Page 50 G- and K-Series User’s Guide Select Start Verify and press Enter. Verification begins and the percentage of verification completed displays. You can continue to use the array during verification. To return to the verification menu, press Esc. To check the progress of the array verification, you can use the verification status described below or select Array Menu from the System Menu.

  • Page 51: Reconstructing An Array

    Stopping the Verification You can stop the verification process. Normally, you want to let the verification finish, though stopping it does not cause any damage to your data. You may want to stop the verification if you want improve performance of the controller for another application.

  • Page 52: Expanding Array Capacity

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Expanding Array Capacity You can expand array capacity without stopping I/O activity, so you can continue using the array while the expansion process runs. You can only expand one array at a time. Note: Expanding an array here does not change the size of the host operating system partitions that reside on the array, because our controller is working at the block level not the file system level of the operating system.
  • Page 53 To expand an array: From the System Menu, select Array Menu and press Enter. The Select Array screen displays with a list of existing arrays. Select the array you want and press Enter. The Array Menu screen displays. Select Expand Function and press Enter. The expand menu displays.
  • Page 54 G- and K-Series User’s Guide Press Enter. The list of available drives screen displays. Select the drives you want to add from the list of available drives and press Enter. Only available drives, that is, drives that are not members of an array and are not assigned as a dedicated or pool spares, display.

  • Page 55: Changing The Array Lun

    Select Expand Function and press Enter. The expand menu displays. Select View Expand Status and press Enter. The Expand Status screen displays. Press Esc to return to the expand menu. Changing the Array LUN You can change the LUN assigned to an array, as it appears under the controller’s target ID from the host system’s point of view.

  • Page 56: Changing The Array Name

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Changing the Array Name You can change the name of the array. This does not affect the target ID or LUN values of the array. The controller does not allow you to change an array name when a utility is running.
  • Page 57 Caution: The trust array feature can cause unstable operation and data loss if used improperly. This feature is intended for disaster recovery. To trust an array: From the System Menu, select Configuration Menu and press Enter. The Configuration Menu displays. Selection Option Configuration and press Enter.

  • Page 58: Deleting An Array

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Deleting an Array You can delete an array when you no longer need the array or you need the drives for another use. Caution: Deleting an array deletes the data contained in the array; however, before reusing the drives, you should do a low-level format on each drive.

  • Page 59: Monitoring System Status

    Monitoring System Status You should monitor your system regularly to ensure that the controller, disks, and arrays are working properly. The Disk Array Administrator software lets you monitor the status several ways: Event log (see below) Hardware information (see Displaying Hardware and Configuration Information on page 5-5) Array status screen (see Viewing Array Status on page 4-8) Disk status screen (see Viewing Drive Status on page 4-13)

  • Page 60: Viewing The Most Recent Event

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Array critical Array offline Temperature warning Temperature failure (this leads to a shutdown which is also logged) Voltage warning Voltage failure (this leads to a shutdown which is also logged) The event log stores the most recent 400 events. Events are numbered sequentially from 001 to 999.
  • Page 61 To display one event at a time: From the System Menu, select Event Log Menu and press Enter. The Event Log Menu screen displays. Select View Event Log and press Enter. The Event Log screen displays the last event that occurred. Sequential event number Event...

  • Page 62: Viewing A Whole Screen Of Events

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Viewing a Whole Screen of Events You can also view events from the log file a whole screen at time. This lets you quickly review all recent events. The events display in chronological order, that is, the most recent event is last.

  • Page 63: Displaying Hardware And Configuration Information

    Information You can display the controller’s hardware and configuration information. This is where you can see what version of the firmware you have. Chaparral technical support personnel may request this information. You can display the hardware and configuration information two ways:...
  • Page 64 G- and K-Series User’s Guide Table 5-1. Configuration information (Continued) Group Field Controller Topology (G7313 and K7313 only) Node WWN (G7313 and K7313 only) Port WWN (G7313 and K7313 only) FC Addr (G7313 and K7313 only) Loop ID (G7313 and K7313 only) CHAN 0 Initiator ID...
  • Page 65 Table 5-1. Configuration information (Continued) Group Field CHAN 1 Initiator ID CHAN 2 Initiator ID CONTROLLER Backoff Alarm Mute Cache Lock CAPI Version What displays Field SCSI ID of Ultra/U2 controller on Channel 1 as set in the Disk Array Administrator software.
  • Page 66 G- and K-Series User’s Guide Table 5-1. Configuration information (Continued) Group Field Poll Rate Slot flags * If you have installed the new optional Fibre Channel interface upgrade, you can also use the Point-to-Point topology. To display hardware information only: From the System Menu, select Utilities Menu and press Enter.
  • Page 67 Select Hardware Information and press Enter. The Hardware Information screen displays. Press Esc to return to the Utilities Menu. Monitoring System Status...
  • Page 68 G- and K-Series User’s Guide To display hardware and configuration information: From anywhere in the Disk Array Administrator software, press CTRL-E. The first screen of events from the event log displays. Press CTRL-E again. The Hardware Information screen displays. Press CTRL-E again. You can press Esc to return to the previous screen.

  • Page 69: Displaying Overall Statistics

    Displaying Overall Statistics You can display two types of aggregate statistics for all array LUNs: General statistics (Similar statistics are also available for individual array LUNs. For more information, see Viewing Array Statistics on page 4-10.) – I/O operations per second (IOPS) –...
  • Page 70 G- and K-Series User’s Guide To access the general array statistics: From the System Menu, select Utilities Menu and press Enter. The Utilities Menu screen displays. Select Overall Statistics and press Enter. The Overall Statistics screen displays. Select View Statistics and press Enter. The View Statistics screen displays.
  • Page 71 To access the read/write histogram: From the System Menu, select Utilities Menu and press Enter. The Utilities Menu screen displays. Select Overall Statistics and press Enter. The Overall Statistics screen displays. Select View R/W Histogram and press Enter. The View R/W Histogram screen displays. Press Esc to return to the Overall Statistics screen.

  • Page 72: Resetting Overall Statistics

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Resetting Overall Statistics You can also reset all of the overall statistics back to zero. You may want to reset the statistics if you are monitoring performance or doing benchmark testing. Note: Resetting statistics here also resets the statistics for each individual array.

  • Page 73: Managing Spares

    Chaparral RAID controllers automatically reconstruct redundant (fault-tolerant) arrays (RAID 3, RAID 4, RAID 5, RAID 50, and mirrored) if an array becomes critical and a properly sized spare drive is available. An array becomes critical when one or more member drives fails.

  • Page 74: Adding A Dedicated Spare

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide While using a dedicated spare is the most secure way to provide spares for your arrays, it is also expensive to keep an idle drive assigned to each array. An alternative method is to assign one or more idle drives to the spare pool. See Managing the Spare Pool on page 6-5.

  • Page 75: Deleting A Dedicated Spare

    Deleting a Dedicated Spare You can delete a dedicated spare drive from an array at any time. To delete a dedicated spare drive: From the System Menu, select Array Menu and press Enter. The Select Array screen displays with a list of existing arrays. Select the array you want and press Enter.
  • Page 76 G- and K-Series User’s Guide To enable dynamic spares: From the System Menu, select Configuration Menu and press Enter. The Configuration Menu screen displays. Select Option Configuration and press Enter. The Option Configuration screen displays. Select Dynamic Spare Configuration and press Enter. The Dynamic Spare Config screen displays.

  • Page 77: Managing The Spare Pool

    Managing the Spare Pool The spare pool lets you have one or more disk drives available for the reconstruction of redundant arrays (Mirrored [RAID 1 and RAID 10] and Parity [RAID 3, RAID 4, RAID 5, and RAID 50]) arrays. Once you assign a drive to the spare pool, it is not available for use as an array member or as a dedicated spare.

  • Page 78: Deleting A Spare From The Spare Pool

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Select Add Pool Spare and press Enter. The Select Drives screen displays. Select each spare drive you want to add and press Enter. Deleting a Spare from the Spare Pool You can delete a spare from the spare pool at any time. To delete a spare from the spare pool: From the System Menu, select Pool Spare Menu and press Enter.

  • Page 79: Displaying The Spare Pool

    Displaying the Spare Pool You can display a list of the all of the pool spares. To display the spare pool: From the System Menu, select Pool Spare Menu and press Enter. The Pool Spare Menu screen displays. Select Display Pool Spares and press Enter. The Display Pool Spare screen displays listing all disk drives assigned to the spare pool.
  • Page 80 G- and K-Series User’s Guide...

  • Page 81: Configuring The Controller

    Configuring the Controller The Disk Array Administrator lets you configure settings and perform a variety of functions on the controller. You can: Reboot the controller (see page 7-1) Change the date and time (see page 7-2) Change the LUN and target ID or FC Loop ID (see page 7-4) Configure the SCSI channels (see page 7-9) Set up LUN zoning (see page 7-11) Change the sample rate (see page 7-17)

  • Page 82: Changing The Date And Time

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Caution: Anyone accessing an array when you shut down the controller will lose access and may lose data. To shut down and restart the controller: From the System Menu, select Shutdown/Restart and press Enter. The system confirms that you want to shut down. Select Yes and press Enter.
  • Page 83 Select Set Date and press Enter. The Set Date screen displays. Enter the date you want and press Enter. Enter the date in the following format: MM/DD/YYYY. The system confirms that you want to make the change. Select Yes and press Enter to make the changes. The system confirms that the changes are made.

  • Page 84: Changing The Controller's Lun And Scsi Target Id Or Fibre Channel Loop Id

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Select Set Time and press Enter. The Set Time screen displays. Enter the time you want and press Enter. Enter the time in the following format: hh:mm:ss. The system confirms that you want to make the change. Select Yes and press Enter to make the changes.
  • Page 85 Controller LUN—You only need to assign a controller LUN if you are using the Configuration Application Program Interface (CAPI) to configure the controller over a host channel via SCSI protocol extensions. If you are not using CAPI, you can set the controller LUN to NONE. If you are using CAPI, you can set it to a value of 0-7 or SOFT.

  • Page 86: Changing The Controller's Target Id And Lun

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Changing the Controller’s Target ID and LUN You can change the controller’s target ID or LUN, if necessary: Target ID—This is either the SCSI target ID for the G5312 or K5312 or the controller’s FC Loop ID for the G7313 or K7313. –...
  • Page 87 – Any number between 0 and 7—Select a specific number if you want the controller’s LUN to stay the same when you reboot. To change the controller’s target ID and LUN: From the System Menu, select Configuration Menu and press Enter. The Configuration Menu screen displays.
  • Page 88 G- and K-Series User’s Guide Keep the same Loop ID for the channel at all times The Controller LUN screen displays. Select the option or number you want to use. Not assign the controller a LUN Let the controller determine the channel LUN each time it powers up Keep the same LUN for the controller at all times...

  • Page 89: Configuring The Scsi Channels

    Configuring the SCSI Channels You can change two channel configuration options for each channel: Channel speed—You can change the channel speed for each SCSI channel on the controller. You can select Ultra or Ultra2. This is helpful if you are troubleshooting a problem on the channel or if you have legacy ultrawide disk drives.
  • Page 90 G- and K-Series User’s Guide Select the channel you want and press Enter. The Ultra/U2 screen displays.The current setting is marked with an * next to it Select the setting you want and press Enter. The initiator ID screen displays showing the current initiator ID. Select the initiator ID you want and press Enter.

  • Page 91: Working With Lun Zoning

    Configuring the Controller Working with LUN Zoning The controller’s LUN zoning capability lets you specify which servers (hosts) can access each array. This gives you complete control of array access based on your specific needs. LUN zoning is only available on the G7313 and K7313 models. Figure 7-1 shows an example of how you can use LUN zoning.

  • Page 92: Viewing Known Wwns

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Viewing Known WWNs You can view a list of all server (host) WWNs that the controller is aware of on your SAN. The controller will be aware of any server that was booted since the controller was last restarted.
  • Page 93 Select Display Host List and press Enter. The Display Host List screen displays showing all WWNs known to the controller. The WWNs are listed according the when they were booted. The most recently booted server (host) is listed first Note: A hosts WWN can be placed at the top of the known hosts list whenever the host performs a device discovery or bus scanning type of operation.

  • Page 94: Creating Names (Aliases) For Server Wwns

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Creating Names (Aliases) for Server WWNs You can give the servers on your SAN names (aliases) that you can easily recognize to make LUN zoning easier to manage. For example, you can use the computer name that has already been assigned to each server.

  • Page 95: Configuring Lun Zoning

    Note: If you have not manually assigned a WWN an alias, the controller will attempt to give the WWN a default name. The default name, if available, is the name of the manufacturer of the server’s host bus adapter (HBA), enclosed in angle brackets. For example, a Qlogic HBA will have a default name of <Qlogic>.
  • Page 96 G- and K-Series User’s Guide Select LUN Zoning and press Enter. The LUN Exclude List or LUN Include List screen displays. The default setting for each array LUN is Include All Hosts. This results in all servers (hosts) being able to access all arrays. You can change the list type using the Change Zone Type option.

  • Page 97: Changing The Sample Rate

    Include All Hosts—Permits all servers (hosts) on the network to access the selected array. This is the default zone type. This results in all servers (hosts) being able to access all arrays. If you have already created an include or exclude list, you can use this option to override the list.

  • Page 98: Changing The Alarm Mute Setting

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Changing the Alarm Mute Setting You can enable or disable the audible alarm that sounds when the controller becomes too hot, detects low or high voltage, or an array becomes critical or offline. Changing the mute setting lets you turn off the alarm when it is sounding. You should turn it back on after resolving the problem.
  • Page 99 Alarm threshold VCC voltage Warning—5V -3.5% and +6.5% Shutdown—5V -6.5% and +10% 12V voltage Warning—12V -8% and +8% Shutdown—12V -10% and +10% To enable or disable the alarm: From the System Menu, select Configuration Menu and press Enter. The Configuration Menu screen displays. Select Alarm Mute and press Enter.

  • Page 100: Locking The Cache Setting

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Locking the Cache Setting You can prevent host systems from using SCSI mode select commands to change the controller’s write-back cache setting. Some operating systems disable write cache. If cache lock is enabled, the host cannot modify the cache setting. The default setting is disabled.

  • Page 101: Enabling And Disabling The Battery

    Select Cache Lock and press Enter. The Cache Lock screen displays. The current setting is marked with an * next to Select the option you want and press Enter. Enabling and Disabling the Battery If you are not using a battery in your controller, the controller will sound an alarm. To eliminate the alarm, you can disable the battery.

  • Page 102: Changing The Utility Priority

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Select Battery and press Enter. The Battery screen displays. The current setting is marked with an * next to it Select the option you want and press Enter. Changing the Utility Priority You can change the priority at which all utilities (Verify, Reconstruct, Expand, Initialize, etc.) run when there are active I/O operations competing for the controller’s CPU.

  • Page 103: Rescanning All Channels

    To change Utility priority: From the System Menu, select Configuration Menu and press Enter. The Configuration Menu screen displays. Select Utility Priority and press Enter. The Utility Priority screen displays. The current setting is marked with an * next to it. Select the option you want and press Enter.

  • Page 104: Pausing I/O

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide To rescan all channels: From the System Menu, select Utilities Menu and press Enter. The Utilities Menu screen displays. Select Rescan and press Enter. Pausing I/O Some drive enclosures allow you to remove and replace drives while SCSI bus activity continues;...

  • Page 105: Restoring Default Settings

    To pause I/O: From the System Menu, select Utilities Menu and press Enter. The Utilities Menu screen displays. Select Hot Swap Pause and press Enter. The Bus Paused screen displays. When you have replaced the drive, resume SCSI bus activity by pressing Esc. Caution: Do not stay in the Hot Swap Pause mode for too long;...

  • Page 106: Upgrading Firmware

    Information regarding the latest release of firmware and firmware updates is available from the Chaparral Web site (www.chaparralnet.com/ and click on “Support”). Contact Chaparral technical support for firmware updates at (303) 845-3200 or e-mail to Support@chaparralnet.com Upgrading the Controller’s Firmware You use the Flash Utility to download new firmware (.fla file) for your controller, to...
  • Page 107 To upgrade the controller’s firmware: Call Chaparral technical support for information about downloading the firmware updates. See Chaparral Technical Support on page 9-1. From the computer connected to the controller, access the Disk Array Administrator software. See Chapter 3, Accessing the Disk Array Administrator Software.
  • Page 108 G- and K-Series User’s Guide Using your terminal emulator software, send the .fla file using KERMIT. If you are using HyperTerminal, select Transfer | Send File, navigate to where the firmware update file is located, select it, and click Open. Select the same Protocol from the drop-down list as you selected from the Flash Utility screen.

  • Page 109: Managing Disk Drives And Enclosures

    Managing Disk Drives and The Disk Array Administrator software lets you control a variety of functions related to disk drives and SAF-TE Environmental Processor (SEP) enclosures connected to your controller. For drives, you can: – Display drive information (see page 8-2) –...

  • Page 110: Displaying Drive Information

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Displaying Drive Information You can display two types of information about disk drives: A list of all drives connected to the controller The status of all drives in an array Displaying All Drives You can display a list of all drives connected to the controller. The information includes: Channel SCSI target ID...
  • Page 111 To display all drives: From the System Menu, select Display Drives and press Enter. The Display Drives screen displays. Press Esc to return to the System Menu. Viewing Drive Status You view the status of the drives in an array, including the following information: Drive number—This drive’s sequential position in the controller’s drive list Drive status—Whether the drive is up or down Channel number—Back-end disk bus number...

  • Page 112: Clearing Metadata From A Drive

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide To view drive status: From the System Menu, select Array Menu and press Enter. The Select Array screen displays with a list of existing arrays. Select the array you want and press Enter. The Array Menu screen displays. Select Drive Status and press Enter.

  • Page 113: Enabling And Disabling Write-Back Cache

    To clear metadata from a drive: From the System Menu, select Utilities Menu and press Enter. The Utilities Menu screen displays. Select Drive Utilities Menu and press Enter. The Drive Utilities Menu screen displays. Select Clear Metadata and press Enter. The Select Drive screen displays showing drives that are not array members.
  • Page 114 G- and K-Series User’s Guide Select Disk Configuration and press Enter. The Disk Configuration screen displays. Select Write-back Cache and press Enter. The Write-back Cache screen displays. The current setting is marked with an * next to it. Select the option you want and press Enter. Reboot or rescan to have your changes take effect.

  • Page 115: Displaying Disk Cache Status

    Displaying Disk Cache Status You can display cache status of each disk drive. Any disk drives with write-back cache enabled should be connected to a UPS in case of power failure. If the drives are not on a UPS and power is lost during disk writes, the array will lose any data in the disk’s write-back cache.

  • Page 116: Enabling And Disabling Smart Changes

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Select a drive and press Enter. The cache status screen displays showing the status of the read and write cache. Press Esc to return to the Drive Utilities Menu. Enabling and Disabling SMART Changes You can enable or disable the ability to change the Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (SMART) settings for all drives connected to the controller.

  • Page 117: Blinking A Drive Led

    Select SMART and press Enter. The SMART screen displays. The current setting is marked with an * next to it. Select the option you want and press Enter. Reboot or rescan to have your changes take effect. See Rebooting the Controller on page 7-1 or Rescanning All Channels on page 7-23.

  • Page 118: Taking Down A Drive

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Select Blink Drive LED and press Enter. The Select Drive screen displays. Select the drive you want and press Enter. Press Esc to stop blinking the LED. Taking Down a Drive Caution: This function is only for testing arrays and should not be used in normal operation.

  • Page 119: Testing A Drive

    Testing a Drive This function issues a Test Unit Ready (TUR) command to the selected disk. This just tells you that the drive can respond, but it still may not be functioning properly. To test a drive: From the System Menu, select Utilities Menu and press Enter. The Utilities Menu screen displays.

  • Page 120: Changing The Sep Lun

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide – Slot update status – Enclosure update status Changing the SEP LUN SEP LUNs allow access to SEPs. A SEP LUN may be set to a value of 0-7, SOFT, or NONE. If set to SOFT, the SEP LUN is automatically assigned a value when the controller boots.
  • Page 121 Select SEP LUNs and press Enter. The SEP LUNs screen displays. Select the LUN of the SEP you want and press Enter. The SEP LUN screen displays. Select the option or number you want to use. Not assign the SEP a LUN Let the controller determine the SEP LUN each time it powers up Managing Disk Drives and Enclosures...

  • Page 122: Changing The Additional Sep Settings

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Keep the same LUN for the SEP at all times The system confirms that you want to make the change. Select Yes and press Enter to make the change. Changing the Additional SEP Settings You can change four additional SEP settings: Polling interval—This is the interval, in seconds, that the controller polls the SEPs for status changes.
  • Page 123 Select SEP Settings and press Enter. The Poll Rate screen displays. Enter the poll rate you want, in seconds, and press Enter. The Temperature screen displays. The current setting is marked with an * next to it. Managing Disk Drives and Enclosures 8-15...
  • Page 124 G- and K-Series User’s Guide Select the option you want and press Enter. The Slot Flags screen displays. The current setting is marked with an * next to it Select whether you want the SEP to send slot status updates to the controller and press Enter.

  • Page 125: Troubleshooting

    Chaparral Technical Support For assistance configuring and using your Chaparral product, contact your authorized distributor or Chaparral technical support at: support@chaparralnet.com. Resolutions to common problems you may encounter are described in the following sections. Terminal Emulator and COM Port Problems Problem: Screen continuously puts out garbage characters.

  • Page 126: Array Problems

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Problem: Nothing is displayed on the terminal emulator screen. The probable cause of this problem is a bad RS-232 cable connection or swapped transmit/receive lines. If the cable is properly connected on both ends, try a null modem adapter that will reverse the RS-232 transmit and receive signals.

  • Page 127: Host Scsi Channel Problems

    The default setting is 1% backoff. This default allows you to easily work with drives that have the same nominal capacity, but different actual capacities. The backoff percentage affects all arrays created on the controller after you set the percentage. If the drives in an array are not equal in size, the array capacity in a RAID-5 array is based on the smallest member’s capacity.

  • Page 128: Device Scsi Channel Problems

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide conflict with any other devices on the host SCSI channel. If you have a long SCSI cable, try a different or shorter cable. Problem: Only one array is displayed during host SCSI BIOS scan. Check to assure that LUN support is enabled. Most SCSI host adapters, such as the AHA-2940U2W, ship with LUN support disabled by default.

  • Page 129: Controller Problems

    Firmware on page 7-26. If you cannot update the firmware or if the updated firmware does not correct the problem, replace the controller. Problem: One of the POST diagnostic test failed. Contact Chaparral technical support. Problem: The system hangs at CT_srv starting. Follow these steps to resolve the problem: Check the disk and host channels to make sure they are properly terminated.

  • Page 130: Warning And Error Events

    Check that the SDRAM DIMM is fully seated in the connector and the latches are fully engaged into the DIMM notches. Check that the SDRAM is from the Chaparral approved vendor list. See the Chaparral technical support web site for the latest updated information.

  • Page 131: Warnings

    Warnings Warning events let you know that something related to the controller or an array has a problem. You should correct the problem as soon as possible. Table 9-1 below defines each warning event and recommends the action you should take. Event Definition BATT FAIL INFO...

  • Page 132: Errors

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Table 9-1. Warning events (Continued) Event Definition ARRAY OFFLINE More than one drive in a RAID 0 or volume set went down bringing the array to an offline state. This array is no longer accessible by the host. VOLT/TEMP The analog to digital convertor WARN...

  • Page 133: Using The Loader Diagnostics Menu

    A noncorrectable multiple bit UNCORR ECC SDRAM ECC error. Using the Loader Diagnostics Menu If you have any diagnostic errors, contact Chaparral technical support. Using the Loader Utility Menu If you have any diagnostic errors, contact Chaparral technical support. Understanding SCSI Errors The event log includes SCSI errors reported by SEPs and disk drives on your system.
  • Page 134 G- and K-Series User’s Guide Using the information in Table 9-3 and Table 9-4 below, you can see that this is a medium error, unrecovered read error—recommend reassignment. Table 9-3 lists some of the most common SCSI sense key descriptions (in hexadecimal).

  • Page 135: Disk Channel Errors

    Table 9-4. ASC and ASCQ descriptions (Continued) ASCQ Descriptions Read retries exhausted Error too long to correct Multiple read errors Unrecovered read error—auto reallocate failed Unrecovered read error—recommend reassignment Unrecovered read error—recommend rewrite the data SCSI parity error Initiator detected error message received Disk Channel Errors Disk channel errors are similar to disk detected errors, except they are detected by the controller, instead of the disk drive.

  • Page 136: Error Code Description

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide The example below shows a disk channel error displaying the hexadecimal code. See Table 9-5 below for a list of error code descriptions. Most disk channel errors are informational since the controller issues retries to correct any problem. Errors that cannot be corrected with retries will result in another critical event describing the affected disk array (if any).

  • Page 137: Voltage And Temperature Errors And Warnings

    Table 9-5. Disk Channel Error Codes (Continued) Error Code Description I/O request was aborted because of third-party channel reset (displayed as “Abort 3PRST”). Controller decided to abort I/O request for reasons other than bus or target reset I/O request was aborted because of target reset requested by controller Target did not respond properly to abort sequence I/O aborted due to operating mode change (such as LVD to SE or SE to LVD) (displayed as “Abort MdChg”).
  • Page 138 G- and K-Series User’s Guide 9-14...

  • Page 139: Array Basics

    Array Basics Chaparral’s RAID controllers let you set up and manage disk arrays. A disk array is a group of disks that appears to the system as a single virtual disk. This is accomplished through software resident in the RAID controller. RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) refers to disk arrays in which part of the array storage capacity may be used to store redundant information.

  • Page 140: Raid 1, Raid 1/O (Mirrored Disks

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide RAID 0 arrays do not store redundant data, so they are not true RAID applications. If one disk fails, the entire array fails and all array data is lost. The fault-tolerance of a RAID 0 array, therefore, is less than that of any single disk in the array. The term RAID 0 is widely used for these arrays, however, because they are conceptually similar to true RAID applications.

  • Page 141: Raid

    Array Basics RAID 4 RAID 4 is similar to RAID 3 in that the redundant information is achieved in the form of parity data. The user data is distributed across all but one of the disks. The controller uses a single, dedicated parity drive for data protection. The main difference is that RAID 3 usually synchronizes writes to its disks, while RAID 4 can send data to its disk independently.

  • Page 142: Volume Sets

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Volume Sets A volume set is the ability to create a host-accessible LUN that maps to a single disk in the array, similar to JBOD. Volume sets are non-redundant and have a capacity slightly less than the physical disk they are created from. Volume sets are useful if you have a single disk available and you don’t want to use it as a spare.
  • Page 143 Table A-1. Comparing RAID Levels (Continued) RAID Min No. Level of Drives RAID 3 Block-level data striping with dedicated parity drive RAID 4 Block-level data (Not striping with widely dedicated parity used) drive RAID 5 Block-level data striping with distributed parity RAID 50 Combination of RAID 0 (data...

  • Page 144: Mixing Disks From Different Manufacturers Or With Different Capacities

    G- and K-Series User’s Guide Table A-1. Comparing RAID Levels (Continued) RAID Min No. Level of Drives RAID Also known as mirrored Volume Sets Mixing Disks from Different Manufacturers or with Different Capacities An array can contain different models of SCSI disks, even disks with different capacities;...
  • Page 145 Glossary Address—An address is a data structure or logical convention used to identify a unique entity, such as a particular process or network device. Arbitrated loop physical address (AL_PA)—An AL_PA is a 1-byte value used in an arbitrated loop topology. This value is used to identify L_Ports. The value then becomes the last byte of the address identifier for each public L_Port on the loop.
  • Page 146 G- and K-Series User’s Guide FC Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL)—FC-AL is one of three FC topologies in which ports use arbitration to establish a point-to-point circuit. Arbitrated loops allow multiple ports to be connected serially in a single loop. Up to 126 NL_Ports and 1 FL_Port can be configured in a unidirectional loop.
  • Page 147 Glossary Initiator mode—Initiator mode is the configuration mode of a device in which an FC or SCSI initiator requests operations to be performed by an FC or SCSI target device. Logical unit number or logical unit (LUN)—A LUN is a subdivision of a SCSI target.
  • Page 148 G- and K-Series User’s Guide SCSI bus—A SCSI bus provides a means of transferring data between SCSI devices. A SCSI bus is either an 8- or 16-bit bus that supports up to 8 or 16 devices, including itself. The bus can consist of any mix of initiators and targets, with the requirement that at least one initiator and one target must be present.
  • Page 149 Glossary a terminator be placed on the 68-pin high-density SCSI connector on the last SCSI peripheral. Data errors may occur in a SCSI bus that is not terminated. Topology—A network topology refers to the physical layout of nodes on a network. Topologies range from local network topologies to WAN topologies.
  • Page 150 G- and K-Series User’s Guide...
  • Page 151 Abort Initialization 4-14 Abort Verify 4-17 accessing the Disk Array Administrator software 3-1 Add an Array 4-2 Add Host to List 7-16 Add or Name Host screen 7-14 Add Pool Spare 6-6 Add Spare 6-2 adding arrays 4-1 dedicated spares 6-2 pool spares 6-5 alarm temperature thresholds for 7-18...
  • Page 152 Change Zone Type 7-16 Channel Configuration screen 7-9 channels changing SCSI ID 7-9 changing SCSI speed 7-9 configuring for SCSI 7-9 rescanning 7-23 Chaparral technical support 9-1 Chunk Size screen 4-6 Clear Metadata 8-5 communications parameters 3-2 configuration information defined 5-5 displaying 5-5...
  • Page 153 Delete an Array 4-24 Delete Spare 6-3 deleting arrays 4-24 dedicated spares 6-3 pool spares 6-6 device SCSI channel problems 9-4 disk array A-1 Disk Array Administrator accessing 3-1 changing the screen display 3-4 initial screen 3-2 menu tree 3-4 navigating in 3-3 System Menu 3-3 Disk Configuration screen 8-6...
  • Page 154 G- and K-Series User’s Guide Enable Trust Array screen 4-23 enclosures changing LUNs 8-12 changing the enclosure status setting 8-14 changing the polling interval 8-14 changing the slot status setting 8-14 changing the temperature status setting 8-14 Enter Array Name screen 4-2 Enter New Name 4-22 environmental specifications 1-8, 1-11 error events 9-8...
  • Page 155 LEDs, blinking for disk drives 8-9 leftover drives, clearing metadata from 8-4 log file capturing 5-4 viewing 5-1 Loop ID, changing for controller 7-6 LUN screen 4-3 LUN zoning configuring 7-15 naming WWNs 7-14 overview 7-11 viewing known WWNs 7-12 LUNs changing for arrays 4-21 changing for controller 7-6...
  • Page 156 G- and K-Series User’s Guide compared A-4 described A-1 RAID reference information A-4 RAID type screen 4-4 rebooting the controller 7-1 reconstructing arrays 4-17, 6-1 Remove Host from List 7-16 Rescan 7-24 rescanning channels 7-23 Reset Statistics 4-12 resetting aggregate statistics for all arrays 5-14 array statistics 4-12 restarting the controller 7-1 Restore Defaults screen 7-26...
  • Page 157 deleting dedicated 6-3 deleting pool 6-6 displaying pool 6-7 enabling automatic 6-3 enabling dynamic 6-3 use in reconstructing 6-1 specifications 1-7 speed, changing for SCSI channels 7-9 Start Expand 4-19 Start Verify 4-16 statistics resetting aggregate for all arrays 5-14 resetting for arrays 4-12 viewing aggregate for all arrays 5-11 viewing for arrays 4-10...
  • Page 158 G- and K-Series User’s Guide disk drive status 8-3 disk drives 8-2 drive status 4-13 events 5-1 known WWNs 7-12 pool spares 6-7 read/write histogram 5-11 status for drives 8-7 voltage, alarm thresholds for 7-18 volume sets A-4 warning events 9-7 World Wide Names naming 7-14 viewing known 7-12...
  • Page 160 Chaparral Network Storage, Inc. 7420 E. Dry Creek Parkway Longmont, CO 80503 2000 Chaparral Network Storage, Inc. All rights reserved. Chaparral and Chaparral logo are trademarks of Chaparral Network Storage, Inc. Printed in the U.S. 11/00 Document Number: 07-0033-003...

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