Related Manuals for ABB Switchsync E113
Summary of Contents for ABB Switchsync E113
- Page 1 Controlled Switching Buyer´s Guide Application Guide Microprocessor based controllers for point-on-wave switching of ABB circuit breakers for transient reduction and improved power quality. Controlled Switching — Buyer´s Guide Edition 2, 2006-09...
- Page 2 Contents Table of Contents Chapter-Page Application Introduction Explanations Application, Connections and Choice: Introduction Capacitor Banks and Harmonic Filters Shunt Reactors Power Transformers Transmission Lines Adaptive Functions Impact of Substation Configuration Circuit Breakers with Staggered Poles Technical Technical Data: Information Technical and Shipping Data Drawings Accessories Quality, Testing and Commissioning...
- Page 3 Introduction Controlled Switching with Switchsync ABB has extensive service experience with controlled switching, and the first generation of Switchsync™ controllers was launched in 1986. Controlled switch- ing is used for elimination of harmful electrical transients upon planned switch- ing of mainly capacitor banks, shunt reactors and power transformers. The method is also gaining acceptance for reenergizing of EHV transmission lines, and replacing traditional pre-insertion resistors.
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Page 4: Load Characteristics
Explanations Explanations Applications Applications The following applications apply to controlled switching: Shunt capacitor banks: Basic aim is to control closing to minimize the energizing transients (voltage transients as well as inrush currents). To improve interrupting performance, controlled opening can also be utilized. Shunt reactors: Basic aim is to control de-energizing to ensure reignition-free behavior. - Page 5 Explanations Load Characteristics cont. Series Compensated Line is characterized by having series capacitors forming a part of the line. Transmission Lines Since the operating conditions may vary (bypassing series capacitor or not when interrupting healthy phases) the line voltage will be unpredictable. Combination with shunt reactor compensation may also apply.
- Page 6 Explanations Explanations Strategies cont. Power Transformers Common practice is to energize a power transformer from the side having the highest voltage. The strategy for controlled energizing of no-load transformers is to energize the load at instants resulting in flux symmetry by taking the residual flux into account.
- Page 7 Explanations Strategies cont. Series Compensated No strategy exists for controlled reclosing of series compensated lines. Transmission Lines Switchsync™ Controllers The following five types of controllers are in the product program: Type of Controllers E113 E213 F236 L183 T183 The letters indicate basic function: E = standard model for switching at fixed target(s) F = fully equipped model for switching at fixed targets L = special model for switching of uncompensated transmission lines...
- Page 8 Explanations Explanations Definitions Reference For all Switchsync™ controllers, the reference is a busbar voltage transformer signal. Any phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase voltage can be used. A reference point is a reference voltage zero with positive derivative. Reference voltage frequency is continuously monitored and adaptation is automatically done for frequency variations.
- Page 9 Compensation equipment is mainly intended for circuit breakers that are not frequently operated. Precision Auxiliary If the instants for the contact touch or contact separation are being monitored, ABB advises using special inductive auxiliary contacts (NAMCO Contacts type I 605.A2 ID No. 724988). Controlled Switching — Buyer´s Guide...
- Page 10 Explanations Explanations Circuit Breaker Characteristics Single-pole or When a single-pole operated circuit breaker is controlled, a separate output Three-pole Operation command is given to each pole. Three-pole operated circuit breakers can be arranged with mechanical staggering, making them suitable for controlled switching. In these cases, there will be a built-in mechanical spread (phase shift) between the poles that is appropriate for optimized switching of the load at the specified frequency.
- Page 11 The principle is that intended making or breaking operations shall take place in reverse phase order (i.e. order R-T-S in a network with positive sequence voltages in order R-S-T). Information about relevant alternative connections is available at ABB Power Technologies, High Voltage Products, Ludvika, Sweden. Trapped Charge DC voltage left on a capacitor bank or uncompensated transmission line after interruption.
- Page 12 Explanations Explanations Configuration of Substations Substations Different substation arrangements may call for special solutions for overall total functionality. Double circuit breaker schemes and “one-and- a half” circuit breaker schemes (breaker-and-a-half) may require special arrangements for attaining proper function of adaptation control. For full flexibility, one-and-a half circuit breaker schemes require special design of control circuits and more than one controller per circuit breaker.
- Page 13 Explanations Controlled Switching — Buyer´s Guide B-0 Edition 2, 2006-09...
- Page 14 Introduction Application Introduction - Controlled Switching with Switchsync Suppression of Principle of Controlled Switching Controlled switching is a method for elimi- Switching Transients nating harmful transients via time controlled There are several important circuit breaker switching operations. Closing or opening applications where random closing or open- commands to the circuit breaker are delayed ing instants may lead to severe voltage and...
- Page 15 Time after separaration (ms) Suitable Circuit Breakers The RRDS determination is done at no- ABB live tank circuit breakers and discon- load opening operations by determining the flashover limit at different contact distances necting circuit breakers have spring operat- (times after contact separation) by applying a ing mechanisms.
- Page 16 For good results, and appropriate limitation and the first generation of Switchsync of the switching transients, we recommend controllers was launched in 986. ABB is at use of Switchsync controllers only with the forefront of development in this area and ABB’s SF...
- Page 17 Application Introduction Controlled Switching — Buyer´s Guide Edition 2, 2006-09...
- Page 18 Capacitor Banks and Harmonic Filters Application Switching of Capacitor Banks and Harmonic Filters Control of Closing Operations Upon a closing operation, the contacts in a circuit breaker pole will have a dielectric with- Switchsync circuit breaker controllers for stand capability that rapidly decreases from shunt capacitor banks and harmonic filters a high starting value towards zero, when are normally used for control of closing op-...
- Page 19 Application Capacitor Banks and Harmonic Filters Switching of Capacitor Banks and Harmonic Filters Sometimes, however, damping reactors are utilized in order to limit high frequency tran- sients created by interaction of the capacitor bank with other parts of the network in con- nection with faults outside that bay.
- Page 20 Connection of Staggered Circuit For permissible connections of staggered Breakers circuit breakers, see the separate appendix. Please contact ABB Power Technologies, It is important to observe that for correct High Voltage Products, Ludvika, Sweden. function, staggered circuit breakers intended for grounded capacitor banks must be prop- Control of Opening Operations erly connected on site.
- Page 21 Application Capacitor Banks and Harmonic Filters Switching of Capacitor Banks and Harmonic Filters Suitable Switchsync Controllers Three-pole Operated and Mechanically Staggered Circuit Breakers Only closing: Switchsync™ E113 Both closing and opening: Switchsync™ E213 Switchsync E113 Switchsync E213 Load: Load: Shunt Capacitor or Shunt Capacitor or Harmonic Filter Harmonic Filter...
- Page 22 Capacitor Banks and Harmonic Filters Application Switchsync™ Selection-tree Switching of Capacitor Banks and Harmonic Filters Start 3-pole Circuit Breaker 1-pole Mechanically Operation Staggered Data Storage and/or Compensation F236 (C,O) Grounded Bank Grounded Bank E113 (C) F236 (C,O) E213 (C,O) F236 (C,O) (E213 (C,O)) (E113 (C)) ***)
- Page 23 Application Capacitor Banks and Harmonic Filters Switching of Capacitor Banks and Harmonic Filters Controlled Switching — Buyer´s Guide Edition 2, 2006-09...
- Page 24 Shunt Reactors Application Switching of Shunt Reactors Shunt Reactor Design and Operation Shunt reactors are mainly used in transmis- sion networks. Their function is to consume the excess reactive power generated by overhead lines under low-load conditions, and thereby stabilize the system voltage. They are quite often switched in and out on a daily basis, following the load situation in the system.
- Page 25 Application Shunt Reactors Switching of Shunt Reactors magnitudes of this “chopping overvoltage” Control of Opening Operations are .2 to 2.0 p.u. with the highest values Switchsync™ controllers for shunt reactor occurring for small reactors. The chopping circuit breakers are normally used for control overvoltage, with its limited amplitude and of opening operations.
- Page 26 This will in principle lead For permissible connections of staggered circuit to maximum inrush current. Zero sequence relays breakers, see the appendix. Please contact ABB may then be set with time delay (or be set less sen- Power Technologies, High Voltage Products, sitive), in order to avoid nuisance tripping.
- Page 27 Application Shunt Reactors Switching of Shunt Reactors Suitable Switchsync™ Controllers Circuit breakers for shunt reactors are normally single-pole operated due to the high rated voltages. In cases with three-pole mechanically operated circuit breakers, controlled opening operations may be arranged by use of mechanically staggered circuit breaker poles. However, it is normally not possible to control both opening and closing operations with mechanically staggered circuit breakers.
- Page 28 Power Transformers Application Switching of No-load Power Transformers Power Transformer Design A power transformer in no-load operation, i.e. with its secondary side unconnected, will consume only Three-phase power transformers may consist of a few amperes of magnetizing current. For reasons three separate single-phase units, or be com- of economy, the core material will be fully utilized, plete three-phase units with common core and...
- Page 29 Application Power Transformers Switching of No-load Power Transformers Flux asymmetry may be introduced at energizing by making at unfavorable instants and due to magnetic inertia as shown in Figure 2. Flux Flux Flux symmetry Prospective flux High inrush current as a result Time of bad selected making instant.
- Page 30 Power Transformers Application Switching of No-load Power Transformers Opening Operations Control of Opening Operations No-load transformer currents are relatively In situations where there may be residual small, and current chopping effects are flux, controlled opening operations may be therefore more pronounced than for corre- utilized to control its magnitude and polar- sponding interruption of shunt reactors.
- Page 31 Application Power Transformers Switching of No-load Power Transformers Control of Closing Operations Switchsync™ controllers for transformer cir- cuit breakers are used for control of closing operations, in order to limit inrush currents. The closing operation should be initiated at an appropriate time instant in consideration to the residual flux of the transformer core.
- Page 32 Power Transformers Application Switching of No-load Power Transformers Control of Closing Operations, Control of Closing Operations, after Residual Flux Disregarded. Controlled Opening Operations When residual flux may be disregarded, it is The opening operations of the breaker are sufficient to control the closing operations controlled in order to achieve a defined and by means of the Switchsync E3 only.
- Page 33 Application Power Transformers Switching of No-load Power Transformers Control of Closing Operations after The adaptive function of the controller must be used in order to attain sufficient accu- Random Opening Operations racy. Signals are obtained from precision Opening operations are performed at ran- auxiliary contacts on the circuit breaker.
- Page 34 Power Transformers Application Switchsync™ Selection-tree Switching of No-load Power Transformers Start Residual Flux Disregarded Circuit Breaker Circuit Breaker Operation Operation 3-pole 1-pole 1-pole 3-pole Mechanically Staggered F236 (C) F236 (O,C) E113 (C) *) Suitable (T183 (C) **)) T183 (C) **) *) Check that correct circuit breaker solution exists **) Adaptation control requires precision auxiliary contacts Controlled Switching —...
- Page 35 Application Power Transformers Switching of No-load Power Transformers Controlled Switching — Buyer´s Guide Edition 2, 2006-09...
- Page 36 Transmission Lines Application Switching of Transmission Lines Closing and Reclosing Transients Upon three-phase reclosing operations (nor- mally after clearing of a single-phase fault on When an overhead line is energized by clos- the line) with uncompensated overhead lines, ing the line circuit breaker, switching tran- there may be more or less trapped charge sients will be generated mainly on the line, on the healthy phases, with corresponding...
- Page 37 Application Transmission Lines Switching of Transmission Lines 2. Use of Switchsync™ L183 More efficient limitation of switching overvol- tages is achieved when the trapped charge on the line is recorded, and taken into con- sideration by the controlling device. This solution is especially useful in situations when considerable trapped charge is to be expect- ed;...
- Page 38 Lines requires a study of the switching overvoltag- For shunt compensated lines, the interaction es that may occur. ABB is prepared to par- between line capacitance and reactor induc- ticipate in such studies. The best solution is tance will lead to voltage oscillations of the often a combination of Switchsync™...
- Page 39 Application Transmission Lines Switching of Transmission Lines 4.50 Range of SIWL No Control 4.00 used for line towers 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 L183 F236 and SA at Line Ends Closing Resistors 1.50 1.00 Distance in Percentage of Line Length (%) Figure 5.
- Page 40 Adaptive Functions Application Adaptive Functions Adaptation Control A typical arrangement for detection of current start is shown in Figure . All Switchsync controllers are equipped with special functions to control the result of Busbar a controlled switching operation. Feedback Signal The adaptation control can be arranged in different ways and for both controlled closing Input...
- Page 41 Application Adaptive Functions Adaptive Functions The second alternative is to use the signal RDDS from the current transformers in the load Voltage Signal branch. The intended interrupting instants are known by the controller (by its inputs). If current is still flowing /4 of a cycle or more time after intended interruption, this will be detect- ed and corrected for in the next controlled...
- Page 42 Adaptive Functions Application Adaptive Functions Controlled opening by means of the E3 or E23 requires an auxiliary contact signal mir- roring the contact parting instant(s). Using the E23 for combined controlled clos- ing and controlled opening excludes the use of adaptation control for opening. Priority will automatically be given for adaptation control on closing.
- Page 43 Application Adaptive Functions Controlled Switching — Buyer´s Guide Edition 2, 2006-09...
- Page 44 Impact of Substation Configuration Application Impact of Substation Configuration Substation Configurations To arrange for full operational flexibility in a scheme as shown in the figure, circuit break- Generally, every circuit breaker to be con- er CB2 requires two controllers (B and C). trolled will need its own controller.
- Page 45 Application Impact of Substation Configuration Impact of Substation Configuration If the operational conditions are such that switching will be rare, the advantage of ad- aptation control is also less. As an alterna- L183, A tive, external parameter compensation can be installed. Other examples of controlled circuit breakers L183, B requiring special consideration are bus cou-...
- Page 46 Circuit Breakers with Staggered Poles Application Impact of Substation Configuration Disconnecting circuit breaker for controlled power transformer switching in a 420 kV substation Controlled Switching — Buyer´s Guide Edition 2, 2006-09...
- Page 47 US = Ungrounded bank, GS = Grounded bank *) Please note: For reactor deenergization, the reactor should be ≥50 Mvar at 300 kV. For other applications with tree-pole operated mechanical staggered circuit breakers, please contact ABB Power Technologies, High Voltage Products, Ludvika, Sweden Controlled Switching —...
- Page 48 Technical Data Technical Information Technical Data for Switchsync Type of controller E113 and E213 F236 L183 T183 Power supply 0 - 250 V AC/DC 0 - 250 V AC/DC 0 - 250 V AC/DC 0 - 250 V AC/DC Power consumption <...
- Page 49 Technical Information Shipping Data Shipping Data for Switchsync Type E113 and E213 F236 L183 T183 Gross weight 2.0 2.0 2.0 Net weight Dimension (box) 0.4 x 0.3 x 0.2 0.42 x 0.42 x 0.4 0.42 x 0.42 x 0.4 0.42 x 0.42 x 0.4 Volume 0.024 0.07...
- Page 50 Drawings Technical Information Dimensions for Switchsync E113 and E213 Front view Top view Panel thickness 2.5-5 mm Mounting Hole Dimensions Rear view 140 mm Controlled Switching — Buyer´s Guide Edition 2, 2006-09...
- Page 51 Technical Information Drawings Dimensions for Switchsync F236, L183 and T183 Front view Top view Panel thickness 2.5-5 mm Rear view Mounting Hole Dimensions Mounting 282 mm The side mounted ”snap-on” counter screws shall be removed to allow for the controller to enter the hole in the panel. In final position the screws are easily snapped back and tightened.
- Page 52 Technical Information Accessories Accessories The Switchsync™ controllers are stand- Precision Auxiliary Contacts alone units providing full functionality Precision auxiliary contacts may be used for adaptation control on contact touch. They for most normal applications. However, are basically intended for controllers L83 for increased user friendliness or for and T83.
- Page 53 Technical Information Accessories Controlled Switching — Buyer´s Guide Edition 2, 2006-09...
- Page 54 Quality, Testing and Commissioning Technical Information Quality, Testing and Commissioning Quality and Testing Commissioning Circuit breakers and controllers are type- and It is important to verify the overall functional routine-tested according to applicable stan- performance of complete, controlled switch- dards. The type tests are performed on rep- ing systems after installation.
- Page 55 Technical Information Quality, Testing and Commissioning Commissioning Switchsync™ L183 Switchsync™ T183 For line switching applications using Switch- To verify performance, the following should sync™ controller L83, a different verification be recorded: procedure is needed. Verification of the func- - Busbar voltages (or at least the reference tion under actual intended operating condi- voltage) tions - fault tripping followed by a reclosing...
- Page 56 Enquiry Data Technical Information Inquiry Data for Switchsync™ Controller The following minimum information is required. Please send a filled-in copy along with your inquiry. For the circuit breaker(s) used together with the Switchsync™, please fill in ”Inquiry Data for Live Tank Circuit Breakers” found in Buyer’s Guide, Live Tank Circuit Breakers.
- Page 57 Technical Information Enquiry Data Inquiry Data for Switchsync™ Controller The following minimum information is required. Please send a filled-in copy along with your inquiry. APPLICATION: Switching of Capacitor Banks and Harmonic Filters Number of circuit breakers Controlled closing Controlled opening Controlled closing and opening Size of capacitor bank (Mvar) Grounded neutral...
- Page 58 NOTE: ABB Power Technologies AB is working continuously to improve the products. We therefore reserve the right to change designs, dimensions and data without prior notice. ABB Power Technologies High Voltage Products SE-77 80 LUDVIKA, Sweden Phone +46 240 78 20 00 Fax +46 240 78 36 50 E-mail: circuit.breaker@se.abb.com...