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PMI 2SX Series User Manual

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2SX-Series Scanner User's Manual
1 Introduction
We founded Power Monitors Incorporated (PMI) to provide state-of-the-art,
easy-to-use, and affordable electronic test equipment to the power industry.
Our products have been developed by working directly with electric utilities to
determine their specific needs. The 2SX-Series Voltage Scanners have also been
developed by following these same principles. The 2SX-Series Scanner combines
the powerful, high technology voltage analysis capabilities of our larger Voltage
Scanners with precisely targeted end use specifically by plugging directly in to the
meterbase at a service entrance.
The 2SX-Series Voltage Scanner was developed for diagnosing electric
power problems at the revenue meter. The unit plugs into any standard 2S meter
socket, to detect outages, sags, swells, and flicker. Detectable voltage range is 0 to
290 volts, allowing the measurement and recording of severe voltage variations on
120VAC single-phase lines. Inside its lightweight, rugged enclosure, state-of-the-art
electronics measure and record true RMS line to neutral voltage and load currents.
Each unit has been individually calibrated to ensure high accuracy and
stability. With its voltage and current measurement and digital processing
circuitry based on the established Voltage Scanner line, the 2SX-Series Scanner
provides a voltage measurement, processing, and reporting system with a proven
performance history.
In summary, the 2SX-Series Scanner Voltage was created with your needs
in mind. It is perfect for analyzing voltage disturbances at the consumer level. After
looking through this manual and using the 2SX-Series Scanner Voltage, please
contact us if you have any questions about its operation, ideas for new features, or
ideas for additional products. We want you to be happy with this product, and
would appreciate any input that could help us develop products to meet your future
needs.
Power Monitors, Inc.
January 2002

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  • Page 1 Power Monitors, Inc. January 2002 1 Introduction We founded Power Monitors Incorporated (PMI) to provide state-of-the-art, easy-to-use, and affordable electronic test equipment to the power industry. Our products have been developed by working directly with electric utilities to determine their specific needs. The 2SX-Series Voltage Scanners have also been developed by following these same principles.

  • Page 2: Safety Issues

    Voltage Scanner. If possible, disconnect power during installation. If the green ground clip is damaged or detached, call PMI for a replacement. Do not install the 2SX-Series Scanner if the ground clip cannot be attached to earth ground.
  • Page 3 • Wall adapter to power the unit in the office • Locking ring to attach the Scanner to a meterbase. If any of these items are missing, please call PMI immediately. The CD- ROM includes the latest version of Winscan, example data files, and documentation for Winscan and all Scanners in Adobe Acrobat format, Acrobat reader, and the latest firmware for all Voltage Scanners.

  • Page 4: Installation

    Scanner into the receptacles in the socket. The top of the unit is marked with a sticker inside the front face. If the ground clip is damaged, call PMI for a replacement cable. The ground clip MUST be connected for proper Scanner operation.

  • Page 5: Downloading Data

    4.3 Battery Ride-Through When the revenue meter is re-installed on the Scanner, the LED on the side of the Scanner will start blinking. This indicates that the one-minute countdown to recording is in progress. In addition to the blinking LED, the countdown will be displayed on the LDU, if one is connected.

  • Page 6: Analyzing Data

    4 USING THE 2SX-SERIES SCANNER automatically stops recording (even if the battery ride-through option is in- stalled) when it is disconnected from a meter base. The recorded data is held in non-volatile memory so no data is lost. When the 2SX-Series Scanner is back in the office, connect it to a PC with the serial cable, then plug the wall adapter into the power port in the face of the Scanner.
  • Page 7 4.7 Using the LDU 7 Make sure the 2SX-Series Scanner is in communications mode. If the 2SX-Series Scanner red LED is not lit steadily, the unit is not in communications mode, and will not communicate through the serial port. Make sure the cable is plugged firmly into the 6-pin female connector on the 2SX-Series Scanner.
  • Page 8 4 USING THE 2SX-SERIES SCANNER When the LDU finds a Scanner, it will display the RMS voltage and current for Channel 1 on the LCD. You may then use the keys on the pad to view data in various ways. Push the Ch2 key to read the voltage and current for Channel 2, then Ch1 to return to the Channel 1 information.
  • Page 9 4.8 Using a Palm PDA by disconnecting the Scanner and returning it to your office or by taking a portable or laptop computer to the site where the Scanner is operating. 4.8 Using a Palm PDA Initialization: In order to initialize the scanner it must have power, either from the line if the scanner is installed or from a 12-volt power adapter wall transformer.
  • Page 10 4 USING THE 2SX-SERIES SCANNER 4) “Initialize” allows the user to set parameters and choose options from a series of screens similar to those in WinScan. By default, “Scanner Settings” shows the recommended or usual quantities. • Tap Edit to change the settings. •...
  • Page 11 4.9 2SX-Series Scanner Options recording is possible with the Power option. This allows the 2SX-Series Scanner to compute and record real, reactive, and apparent power, as well as power factor. Adding the Harmonics and Waveform Capture option gives the ability to monitor voltage and current harmonics, as well as capture raw waveform data.
  • Page 12 5 WHAT THE 2SX-SERIES SCANNER RECORDS 4.9.4 Memory This option doubles the memory in the 2SX-Series Scanner, for twice the record- ing time. This doubling occurs after any extra memory is added by the Power and Harmonics options. 4.9.5 Battery Ride-Through The Battery option lets the 2SX-Series Scanner keep recording through an out- age.
  • Page 13 The sifting of data into specific record types accomplishes this task. 5.1.1 Triggered Record Types PMI Scanner records can be divided into two classes. The first is event driven. These record types are triggered by a combination of triggering logic and adjustable thresholds, usually voltage-based.
  • Page 14 Profiles, Histograms, and Energy Usage. 5.1.3 Using the Scanner The PMI Scanner can record every available record type simultaneously. Each record type has its own fixed memory allocation, so there is no danger of one errant record type filling the Scanner memory to the exclusion of other record types (for example, Event Capture can never overflow into Stripchart memory).
  • Page 15 5.2 Stripcharts a graph from a paper stripchart recorder. The maximum and minimum graphs are unique, however. Each gives the worst case value for every Interval, with single-cycle measurement resolution. Each Scanner has at least enough memory to record Stripcharts for a week with a one minute Interval.
  • Page 16 5 WHAT THE 2SX-SERIES SCANNER RECORDS one minute setting. Often, the exact time of a voltage dip is not as important as the size– for this case, any reasonable Interval setting is fine. The most common setting is one minute. This is a good balance between frequent data collection and long recording time.
  • Page 17 5.3 Daily Profiles downloaded at any time later, knowing that the beginning of the recording session is locked in memory, and will not be overwritten. Other users always download the Scanner before it fills up Stripchart memory, which make the Wrap-Around setting irrelevant.
  • Page 18 5 WHAT THE 2SX-SERIES SCANNER RECORDS periods, each 15 minutes long. During each 15 minute period, the Scanner computes the average value for that Profile (voltage, current, etc.). This 15 minute average is then averaged with all the previous days’ averages of that 15 minute period.
  • Page 19 5.4 Cycle Histograms will have all zeroes for a Daily Profile. A Stripchart can also be used for profiling tasks, but is not ideal. The stripchart interval is usually set to an interval faster than 15 minutes; a fast interval can show too much information, making it hard to form a good aver- age Profile.
  • Page 20 5 WHAT THE 2SX-SERIES SCANNER RECORDS count of at least six in the Histogram at 108 volts. The count will probably be somewhat larger, unless each sag was only one cycle long. There are no settings for Histograms. All available Histograms in a Scan- ner are always enabled, regardless of the settings for any other record types.
  • Page 21 5.5 Minute Histograms line or load profiling. For these histograms, the few cycles at the extremes are usually unimportant: the vast majority in the middle is the good data. 5.5 Minute Histograms The Minute Histogram provides a much “smoother” version of the Cycle His- togram.
  • Page 22 5 WHAT THE 2SX-SERIES SCANNER RECORDS The Minute Histogram is also better for this analysis because it does not run out of memory, and is always set for one minute averaging. The current Minute Histogram shows average load current on a minute basis.
  • Page 23 5.7 Significant Change power in power factor studies. A revenue meter that doesn’t total negative power, or doesn’t include the effects of harmonics, may show readings that differ from this report. 5.7 Significant Change The Significant Change record type tracks quick fluctuations in the line volt- age, with single-cycle response, while ignoring gradual changes.
  • Page 24 5 WHAT THE 2SX-SERIES SCANNER RECORDS 5.7.2 What’s Recorded When a Significant Change is triggered, the triggering voltage is recorded, along with a date and timestamp (to the second), and the channel number. Significant Change is recorded separately for each voltage channel (al- though they share the same voltage threshold parameter).
  • Page 25 5.8 Event Change detailed disturbance information on a cycle basis is required, use the Event Change report. Event Change gives much more detail, but is more compli- cated to examine. The timestamp of a Significant Change event can be used to find the same disturbance in the Event Change report for further analysis.
  • Page 26 5 WHAT THE 2SX-SERIES SCANNER RECORDS Change, if the voltage continues moving in the same direction. This setting is to prevent a slow sag from generating multiple Event Changes. For example, consider a Nominal of 120, a Threshold of 6, and a Holdoff Time of 10 cycles. The line voltage is 119 volts, and no Event Change has been triggered.
  • Page 27 5.8 Event Change The Threshold should be set small enough to catch problem events, but large enough to avoid filling up memory with unimportant data. A good start is 5% of the Nominal. The Nominal and Threshold can be set separately for each channel.

  • Page 28: Power Outage

    5 WHAT THE 2SX-SERIES SCANNER RECORDS Another possibility is a voltage sag where the current during the event is lower than the pre-trigger current (or about the same), and the post-trigger current is about the same. Here, the monitored load probably did not cause the event.
  • Page 29 5.10 Flicker time and magnitude. 5.10.1 Trigger Logic A Flicker curve is specified by a list of allowable voltage thresholds, and a and a limit on their quantity in certain time spans. The default curve allows 5 voltage fluctuations of 1% or greater, in a ten second period; 10 fluctuations of 1:5% or greater, in a one minute period, and so on up to 10 fluctuations of 6 % or greater, in a 24 hour period.

  • Page 30: Abnormal Voltage

    5 WHAT THE 2SX-SERIES SCANNER RECORDS The Flicker report is used both to confirm a customer complaint about flickering lights, and to measure progress in mitigating a problem. If no Flicker events were recorded, then no voltage variations occured which exceeded the allowed limits, and the problem may have been solved.
  • Page 31 5.11 Abnormal Voltage be a chance for the Scanner to pick 240 volts during the two minute countdown, if the line voltage happened to be running closer to 240 than 230 at that time. The nominal is chosen by the Scanner separately for each voltage channel. There are separate high and low thresholds for each of the seven nominal voltages.
  • Page 32 5 WHAT THE 2SX-SERIES SCANNER RECORDS voltage channel, as well as low and high thresholds. Only the first trigger for each threshold is recorded. 5.11.3 Typical Settings and Suggested Uses The Abnormal Voltage report is used to determine whether the voltage drifted outside the thresholds during the recording session.
  • Page 33 5.12 Loose Neutral if the difference is 16 volts, then there must be at least a 16 volt separation between the two legs. The range is a voltage that specificies how close the sum of the two voltages must be to twice the nominal. For example, a range of 12 volts means that the sum of the two legs must be within 12 volts of twice the nominal voltage.

  • Page 34: Waveform Capture

    5 WHAT THE 2SX-SERIES SCANNER RECORDS possible for one leg to rise and one to fall due to grossly different loading, and not from an actual loose connection. Thus it is possible for a Loose Neutral to trigger falsely, when there is no loose connection. 5.13 Waveform Capture Waveform Capture provides the most detailed report possible: the raw voltage and current waveforms themselves are recorded.
  • Page 35 5.13 Waveform Capture one cycle after the triggering stops. If the voltage is fluctuating wildy, the entire Waveform Capture memory could be filled by a very long Waveform Capture record. If the Waveform Capture memory is full before the end of the event, the Scanner erases cycles of the earliest record to make room for the new data.
  • Page 36 5 WHAT THE 2SX-SERIES SCANNER RECORDS current waveforms will not be sinusoidal. The less they look like a sinewave, the higher the level of current harmonics. Frequently, the neutral current looks much less sinusoidal than the line currents, due to the fact that some harmonics don’t cancel out in a three phase system, even with a balanced load.

  • Page 37: Warranty Clause

    Equipment Return If any PMI product requires repair or is defective, call PMI at (800) 296- 4120 before shipping the unit to PMI. If the problem cannot be resolved over the phone, PMI will issue a return authorization number.

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