Elenco Electronics FO-30K Assembly And Instruction Manual
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Elenco Electronics FO-30K Assembly And Instruction Manual

Elenco Electronics FO-30K Assembly And Instruction Manual

Fiber optics kit
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FIBER OPTICS KIT
MODEL FO-30K
Assembly and Instruction Manual
Elenco
®
Electronics, Inc.
Copyright © 2005, 1994 by Elenco
®
Electronics, Inc. All rights reserved.
Revised 2005
REV-P
753259
No part of this book shall be reproduced by any means; electronic, photocopying, or otherwise without written permission from the publisher.

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  • Page 1 FIBER OPTICS KIT MODEL FO-30K Assembly and Instruction Manual Elenco ® Electronics, Inc. Copyright © 2005, 1994 by Elenco ® Electronics, Inc. All rights reserved. Revised 2005 REV-P 753259 No part of this book shall be reproduced by any means; electronic, photocopying, or otherwise without written permission from the publisher.

  • Page 2: General Overview

    INTRODUCTION The FO-30 kit, an optical voice link, will introduce you to the wonderful world of fiber optics. By building this kit, you will learn how fiber optics works and how it could be applied to the field of communication. GENERAL OVERVIEW Fiber optics is a medium linking two electronic circuits.

  • Page 3: Transmitter Section

    If you are a student, and any parts are missing or damaged, please see instructor or bookstore. If you purchased this fiber optics kit from a distributor, catalog, etc., please contact Elenco (address/phone/e-mail is at the back of this manual) for additional assistance, if needed. DO NOT contact your place of purchase as they will not be able to help you.

  • Page 4: Schematic Diagram

    TRANSMITTER There are 5 main components in the transmitter (see Figure 1A). They are: a) Power supply (9V battery) b) Microphone (MIC) c) Op-amp LM741, (the driver) d) NPN transistor 2N3904, and e) Transmitter LED The microphone picks up your voice signal and converts it into a voltage signal.
  • Page 5 CONSTRUCTION Introduction The most important factor in assembling your FO-30K Fiber Optics Kit is good soldering techniques. Using the proper soldering iron is of prime importance. recommended. The tip of the iron must be kept clean at all times and well tinned.
  • Page 6 ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS FOR TRANSMITTER Lug (see Figure A) D2 - LED Transmitter Clear (see Figure B) S2 - Switch R7 - 1kΩ 5% 1/4W Resistor (brown-black-red-gold) 8-Pin IC Socket U1 - 741CN (see Figure G) D1 - LED Red (see Figure C) S1 - Switch R2 - 10kΩ...

  • Page 7: Testing Procedure

    9V Battery Holder Solder the 9V battery holder to pad J1 and J2 in the correct position as shown in the pictorial diagram. TESTING PROCEDURE 1. Connect a 9 volt battery to the battery holder. 2. Switch S2 to the 1kHz position (toward LED D2) and S1 on (toward LED D1).

  • Page 8: Fiber Optics

    FIBER OPTICS AND ITS ADVANTAGES The obvious questions concerning fiber optics are these: Why go through all the trouble of converting the signal to light and back? Why not just use wire? The answers lie in the following advantages of fiber optics.
  • Page 9 FIBER MATERIAL There are many materials that can be used to transmit light. The two most popular optical fibers are glass, which has the best optical characteristics, and plastic. Plastic is less expensive and does not break easily. This kit uses a plastic optical cable similar to the one shown.

  • Page 10: Refractive Index

    REFRACTION The speed of light can be defined as the velocity of electromagnetic energy in a vacuum such as space. The speed of light will vary as it travels from one material to another, which, because of wave motion, results in light changing its direction. This change of direction of light is called refraction.
  • Page 11 REFLECTION Before trying to explain reflection, we must first define some important terms shown in Figure 2C. • The normal is an imaginary line perpendicular to the interface of the two materials. • The angle of incidence ( θ ) is the angle between the incident ray and the normal.
  • Page 12 Angle of Incidence Angle of Refraction Light is bent away from normal Figure 2D-1 SNELL’S LAW Snell’s Law states the relationship between the incident and refracted rays. sin θ sin θ θ and θ where: n and n are refractive indexes are angle of incidence and angle of refraction respectively.
  • Page 13 OPTICAL FIBER CONSTRUCTION The optical fiber has two concentric layers called the core and the cladding. The inner core is the light- carrying part. The surrounding cladding provides the difference in the refractive index that allows total internal reflection of light through the core. The fiber usually has an additional coating around the The above paragraphs are reproduced by permission TECHNICIAN’S GUIDE TO FIBER OPTICS 2E (PAGES 40, 44) By Donald J Sterling, Jr.
  • Page 14 HOW LIGHT TRAVELS THROUGH AN OPTICAL CABLE To best understand how light propagates through an optical fiber, let us look at an example. Assume that the core has a refractive index (n cladding has a refractive index (n values are typical for optical fibers). By applying Snell’s Law, we can calculate the critical angle: θc = arcsin (n θc = arcsin (1.46/1.48) = 80.6...
  • Page 15 AN IMPORTANT UNIT IN FIBER OPTICS (THE DECIBEL) The decibel is an important unit that you will use continually in fiber optics as well as in electronics. It is used to express gain or loss in a system or component. A transistor, for example, can amplify a signal, making it stronger by increasing its voltage, current or power.
  • Page 16 ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS HOW TO TERMINATE AN OPTICAL FIBER Both ends of the optical cable are terminated in the same way. Please follow the steps below. 1) Use a razor blade (a very sharp knife will do) to cut the cable at a right angle to the length of the cable.

  • Page 17: Receiver Section

    If you are a student, and any parts are missing or damaged, please see instructor or bookstore. If you purchased this fiber optics kit from a distributor, catalog, etc., please contact Elenco (address/phone/e-mail is at the back of this manual) for additional assistance, if needed. DO NOT contact your place of purchase as they will not be able to help you.
  • Page 18 RECEIVER There are 4 main components in the receiver (refer to Figure 3). They are: a) Power Supply (9V battery) b) Phototransistor LPT80A (the detector) c) Audio op-amp LM-386 d) Speaker The phototransistor Q1 (LPT80A) used in a common-collector configuration has high current gain.
  • Page 19 ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS FOR RECEIVER C6 - 10µF Electrolytic Capacitor (see Figure B) D1 - LED (see Figure A) C1 - .047µF Mylar Cap. (473) R2 - 2.2kΩ 5% 1/4W Resistor (red-red-red-gold) 8-Pin IC Socket U1 - LM386N Integrated Circuit (see Figure C) 6”...

  • Page 20: Insert The Cable

    INSERT THE CABLE TESTING PROCEDURE 1. Plug a fresh 9 volt battery into the battery holder. 2. Turn S1 on (toward the pot), observe that LED D1 is on. 3. If you have a voltmeter, measure the DC voltage at pin 5, it should be about 4V. 4.

  • Page 21: Troubleshooting Guide

    TRANSMITTER PROBLEM IF LED D1 DOES NOT LIGHT THERE IS NO DIM RED GLOW FROM THE TRANSMITTER LED D2 THERE IS NO WAVEFORM ON THE OSCILLOSCOPE WHEN S2 IS ON THERE IS NO VOICE SIGNAL ON TEST POINT TP RECEIVER PROBLEM IF LED D1 DOES NOT LIGHT NO SOUND FROM THE SPEAKER...
  • Page 22 ABSORPTION Loss of power in an optical fiber, resulting from conversion of optical power into heat and caused principally by impurities, such as transition metals and hydroxyl ions, and also exposure to nuclear radiation. ANGLE OF INCIDENCE Angle between the incident ray and the normal. ANGLE OF REFRACTION Angle between the refracted ray and the normal.
  • Page 23 INTERFACE Surface that separates two materials. Light-emitting diode. LIGHT Electromagnetic radiation which is visible to the human eye. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE A semiconductor diode that spontaneously emits light from the PN junction when forward current is applied. NORMAL An imaginary line perpendicular to the interface of two materials. OP AMP A semiconductor device which is used to amplify current, voltage, or power.
  • Page 24 Elenco ® Electronics, Inc. 150 Carpenter Avenue Wheeling, IL 60090 (847) 541-3800 Website: www.elenco.com e-mail: elenco@elenco.com...

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