Do you have a question about the DIGISONDE 4D and is the answer not in the manual?
Questions and answers
Summary of Contents for LDI DIGISONDE 4D
Page 1
Document Version 1.2.11 Lowell Digisonde International 175 Cabot Street, Suite 200 Lowell, Massachusetts 01854 www.digisonde.com Telephone: +1 978-735-4752 Facsimile: +1978-735-4754 E-Mail: Bodo.Reinisch@Digisonde.com Distribution A: “Approved for public release”. “LDI Intellectual Property. Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety.”...
Page 2
6. Updated: Figure 2-1, Figure 2-2, Figure 3-46 1.2.2 9-14-10 Applied ARINC “redline” suggested edits 1. Added Digisonde 4D to Figure 1-2 2. Numbered paragraphs are consistent throughout sections and Footers in Annex sections updated. 3. Updated Antenna array in Table 1-1 4.
Page 3
6. Removed Figure 2-1: Calibration of Combined Phase Response of Cables, Preamplifiers and Antenna Switch 7. Removed Figure 2-9: Program for External Loopback Validation of Digisonde 4D Receiver Setup 8. Figure 2-10: Data from External Loopback Validation of Digisonde 4D Receiver Setup 9.
Page 4
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 9. Updated note 5.92 10. Added “®” to all instances of Digisonde in the manual 11. Updated figure6-5 12. Updated section 6 numbering 13.
Page 6
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 1 – GENERAL SYSTEM DESCRIPTION TABLE OF CONTENTS...
Page 7
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 2 – INSTALLATION, SETTING UP AND FIELD VALIDATION TABLE OF CONTENTS….
Page 8
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 2 – INSTALLATION, SETTING UP AND FIELD VALIDATION (continued) TABLE OF CONTENTS...
Page 9
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 3 – OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS….
Page 10
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 3 – OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS (continued) TABLE OF CONTENTS...
Page 11
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 3 – OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS (continued) TABLE OF CONTENTS….
Page 12
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 4 – HARDWARE DESCRIPTION TABLE OF CONTENTS...
Page 13
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 4 – HARDWARE DESCRIPTION (continued) TABLE OF CONTENTS….
Page 14
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 5 – SYSTEM SOFTWARE TABLE OF CONTENTS...
Page 15
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 5 – SYSTEM SOFTWARE (continued) TABLE OF CONTENTS….
Page 16
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 5 – SYSTEM SOFTWARE (continued) TABLE OF CONTENTS...
Page 17
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 6 – MAINTENANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS….
Page 18
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 7 – HARDWARE REFRESH TABLE OF CONTENTS...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 1 GENERAL SYSTEM DESCRIPTION _______________________________________________________________________________ SECTION CONTENTS Page SECTION 1 CHAPTER 1 _ THE DIGITAL PORTABLE SOUNDER DPS4D ..........1-3 ORGANIZATION OF THE MANUAL ......................1-3 DIGISONDE FAMILY OF IONOSPHERIC SOUNDERS .................
Page 21
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 List of Figures Figure 1-1: DPS4D Figure 1-2: Evolution of the Digisonde ® Figure 1-3: Turnstile Receive Antenna with Attached Preamp Module...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 CHAPTER 1 THE DIGITAL PORTABLE SOUNDER DPS4D Figure 1-1: DPS4D ORGANIZATION OF THE MANUAL The DPS4D manual has 6 sections: 1:1. a. Section 1 provides a general description of the DPS4D sounder and background information on ionospheric sounding and relevant signal processing techniques.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 DIGISONDE FAMILY OF IONOSPHERIC SOUNDERS ® The Digisonde ® Portable Sounder 4D, sometimes referred to as DPS4D or simply Digisonde-4D is the 1:2.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 1-3: Turnstile Receive Antenna with Attached Preamp Module Noteworthy technology involved in Digisonde-4D system includes: 1:5. Fast 16-bit analog to digital (A/D) converters for the digital receivers •...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Digisonde-4D Block Diagram Figure 1-4 shows the Digisonde-4D block diagram identifying the Digital Transmitter card, the Digital 1:6. Receiver card, the Preprocessor card, four tracking filters, two 150 W Power Amplifiers with half-octave filters, and two embedded computers responsible for hardware control and data acquisition (Control Platform) and data processing and remote access (Data Platform).
Page 26
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 The new 16-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and the digital receivers provide increased preci- 1:7. sion for amplitude and phase measurements and reduced temperature sensitivity. Since the Digisonde-4D must operate over a large frequency band of more than eight octaves (from 0.1 MHz to 30 MHz), it is important to...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 panel and main on/off switch, power interface box (formerly the battery interface), and a Radio Frequency In- terference (RFI) filter for the AC mains input power (Figure 1-7).
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 1-7: Sounder Transceiver Sub-System (Rear View) A color monitor and keyboard are provided for installation, maintenance, and testing purposes, but are 1:12.
Page 29
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 RF Output Frequency Scan 0.5 - 30 MHz, start, stop, and step size selectable to 1 kHz Restriction of Transmission Programmable list of frequencies without RF transmission...
Page 30
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Standard Operating Modes Linear Frequency Scan for Ionogram Multiplexed Frequency Scan (finer Doppler resolution) Multi Fixed-Frequency (for TID and absorption studies) Plasma Drift & Ionospheric Tilt (direction and velocities) Synthesized Multi-beam Reception (detects off-vertical echoes) Precision Group Height (0.5 km h’...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY, THEORETICAL BASIS, AND IMPLEMENTATION BACKGROUND: IONOSPHERIC PROPAGATION OF RADIO WAVES An ionospheric sounder uses basic radar techniques to detect the electron density (equal to the ion den- 1:14.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 that the wave slows down to zero which is obviously required at some point in the process of reflection since the propagation velocity reverses.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 The accurate measurement of all of the parameters, except frequency (it being precisely set by the sys- 1:23. tem and need not be measured) depends heavily on the signal to noise ratio of the received signal. Therefore vertical incidence ionospheric sounders capable of acquiring high quality scientific data have historically uti- lized powerful pulse transmitters in the 2 to 30 kW range.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 1-8: Six-Dimensional Ionogram Figure 1-8 is a six-dimensional display, with sounding frequency as the abscissa, virtual reflection 1:27. height (simple conversion of time delay to range assuming propagation at 3x10...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Coded Pulses to Facilitate Pulse Compression Radar Techniques Another general technique to improve on the simple pulse sounder is to stretch out the pulse by a factor 1:29.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 s(t) s(t) Carrier p(t) Code Generator VIS1-3 Figure 1-9: Generation of a Bi-phase Modulated Spread Spectrum Waveform NOTE Notation throughout this chapter will use s(t) as the transmitted signal, r(t) the received signal and p(t) as the chip sequence.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 PSK MODULATED MAXIMAL LENGTH CODE ON NORMALIZED CARRIER FREQUENCY AT 4 TIMES MODULATION RATE 10dB PER DIV VERTICAL SCALE Figure 1-10: Spectral Content of a Spread-Spectrum Waveform Since the transmitted signal would obscure the detection of the much weaker echo in a monostatic sys- 1:34.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 525 km 90 km Not to scale Tg = 0 s Te = 600 s Tf = 3.5 ms VIS1-5 Figure 1-11: Natural Timing Limitations for Monostatic Vertical Incidence Sounding The autocorrelation function as applied to code compression in the DPS is defined as: 1:36.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 since the multiple carriers (from the various multipath components) cannot be resolved, while the delays in the complex code modulation envelope can be, a separate term, ...
Page 40
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 where the carrier phase of each of the multipath components is now represented by a complex amplitude i which carries along the RF phase term, originally defined by ...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Odd #'d Pulses Code 1 Matched Filter –a a –a –a –a 4a –a — — — — — — — — — —...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 VIS1-8 Figure 1-14: Resolution of Overlapping Complementary Coded Pulses The phase of the received signal is detected by quadrature sampling; but, how is the complex quantity, 1:43.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 0.05 TIME ( msecs ) Figure 1-15: Autocorrelation Function of the Complementary Series Since the Complementary Series pairs do not leak energy into any other height bin this phase code 1:46.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 f = 2Tf radians 1-13 where f is the Doppler shift in Hz and T is the time between pulses. The Doppler shift can be calculated as:...
Page 45
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Processing Gain 1-16 where S is the input signal amplitude, Q the input noise amplitude, S the processed signal amplitude, and Q the processed noise amplitude.
Page 46
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 will be in phase as long as that set of “stabilizing” coefficients progress negatively in phase at the same rate as the signal vector is progressing positively. The Fourier transform coefficients serve this purpose since they are unity amplitude complex exponentials (or phasors), whose only function is to shift the phase of the signal, r(n), being analyzed.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 ANTN 1 , FREQ 1, O POL - 64 K ANTN 1 , FREQ 1, X POL - 64 K HEIGHT HEIGHT...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Complex Windowing Function With T, the sampling period between subsequent samples of the same coherent process, i.e., the same 1:59. hardware parameters) defined by the measurement program, the first element of the Discrete Fourier Transform (i.e., the amplitude of the DC component) will have a spectral width of 1/NT.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 be sent. However, in both cases, after each pulse compression, one complex amplitude synthesized pulse, r in Equation 1-10 which is equivalent to a 67 sec rectangular pulse exists which can be placed into the coher- ent buffer.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Except for the FM/CW chirp sounder which operates well on transmitter power levels of 10 to 100 W 1:64. (peak power) the above techniques and cited references typically employ a 2 to 30 kW peak power pulse trans- mitter.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 terferers poses a significant challenge. Such interferers are typically signals from other transmitters, in many cases broadcasting stations, with unpredictable occurrences at a priori unknown frequencies.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 1-20: Spectrum of a Truncated CW Signal. Conventional DFT algorithms calculate the spectral amplitudes of the integer-indexed frequencies that 1:71. are multiples of 1/T where T is the coherent integration time. In general, the interferer frequency f will not be a harmonic of 1/T, i.e., f...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Angle of Arrival Measurement Techniques Another new development in the 1970’s was the coherent multiple receiver array [Bibl and Reinisch, 1:72. 1978] which allows angle of arrival (incidence angle) to be deduced from phase differences between antennas by standard interferometer techniques.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Both techniques utilize the basic principle of interferometry, which is illustrated in Figure 1-21. This 1:74. phenomenon is based on the free space path length difference between a distant source and each of some num- ber of receiving antennas.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Digital Beamforming (Aperture Resolution Technique) Digital beamforming is done by taking four complex amplitudes observed in a particular Doppler line 1:76. of the spectrum on four antennas and forming seven beams shown in Figure 1-23, one overhead (0° zenith an- gle) and six oblique beams (the nominal 30°...
Page 56
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 the centre of that beam. Therefore, detecting the direction by selecting the beam with the largest amplitude can never be an incorrect thing to do. One has to avoid thinking of the beam as excluding echoes from other direc- tions and realize that all that is needed is that a beam favours echoes more as their angle of arrival becomes closer to the centre of that beam.
Page 57
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Example A.: Figure 1-22 Given the antenna geometry shown in , at an operating frequency of 4.33 MHz (l = 69.28 m), a beam in the eastward direction and 30 ...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 fore the Drift technique described here is a tremendous savings in system complexity. The Drift mode concept appears at first glance to be similar to the beamforming technique, but it is a fundamentally different process.
Page 59
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 1. the absolute phase of the transmitted signal; 2. the transmitted frequency (or free space wavelength); and 3. the phase distance, d, where: d = ...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 The following development of the two frequency ranging approach leads to a general theory (but not 1:90. expoused here) covering FM/CW ranging and stepped frequency radar ranging. Using Equation 1-30 a two frequency measurement of ...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 by the need to capture highly voluminous time-domain data for processing, until release of the Digisonde-4D model in 2007-2008 whose high bandwidth interfaces and modern embedded computers were adequate for the task.
Page 62
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 digitizer samples for the 10 km height resolution. As shown, for each sounding pulse 512 samples are averaged and the resulting value is stored in the DSP memory as the first height sample (bottom panel). After this, the spectrum is calculated for the first height range only, just as in the regular DPS signal processing for the drift mode of operation.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 y(n) x(n) -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 Figure 1-26: System Diagram of a FIR Filter (Samples Delayed by a Number of Unit Delays (Denoted by z ) are Summed with Corresponding Tap Coefficients ...
Page 64
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 c. The cost of purchasing or developing such technology. d. The risk involved in depending on certain technologies, especially if some of the technology needs to be developed.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 BIBLIOGRAPHY Barker R.H., “Group Synchronizing of Binary Digital Systems”, Communication Theory, London, pp. 273-287, 1953 Bibl, K. and Reinisch B.W., “Digisonde-128P, An Advanced Ionospheric Digital Sounder”, Univ of Lowell Re- search Foundation, 1975.
Page 66
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Rush, C.M., “An Ionospheric Observation Network for use in Short-term Propagation Predictions”, Telecomm, J., 43, p 544, 1978. Sarwate D.V. and Pursley M.B., “Crosscorrelation Properties of Pseudorandom and Related Sequences”, Proc.
Page 68
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 2 INSTALLATION, SETTING UP AND FIELD VALIDATION _______________________________________________________________________________ SECTION CONTENTS Page SECTION 2 GENERAL SOUNDER CONFIGURATION ................... 2-3 PRE-INSTALLATION CHECK ...................... 2-4 EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS ......................
Page 69
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 RESTRICTED FREQUENCIES ....................... 2-17 SUMMARY OF STATION PERSONALIZATION SETTINGS ..............2-17 FIELD VALIDATION ........................2-18 PRELIMINARY REQUIREMENTS ......................2-18 CROSS-CHANNEL EQUALIZING VIA INTERNAL LOOPBACK (EXCLUDING ANTENNAS AND CABLES) ..............................
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 GENERAL WARNINGS 1. ALTHOUGH THE SOUNDER HAS BEEN DESIGNED FOR RELATIVELY SIMPLE INSTALLATION, THE COMPLETE PROCESS, INCLUDING FIELD CALIBRATION AND GAINING ACCESS TO THE INSIDE OF THE SOUNDER, REQUIRES SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE GAINED BY ATTENDING A TRAINING COURSE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE REQUIRED PRACTICAL SKILLS.
The antenna field usually consists of two transmit antennas crossed on a single mast (TCI 656 designed 2:7. by LDI), and four receive antenna stations. The installation site requires to be cleared and kept cleared of all vegetation within a 0.5 m radius from the antenna and isolated from conductive obstructions by at least a ra- tio of 10:1 (separation distance : longest dimensions of the obstruction).
It is also possible that lights generating the electrical noise picked up by the Digisonde may be malfunction- ing, and so may be operating outside of typical behavior. In any case, without acquiring further data LDI can only recommend that any lights within 50 meters of the receive antenna field be incandescent or quartz halogen.
If there is any question about the proper positioning of the Receive Loop antennas, particularly in regard to proximity to obstructions and the transmit antenna, it might be best to install them tem- porarily, just sitting on top of the ground, and pour concrete only after LDI has evaluated the per- formance of the antennas.
VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 2-1: Schematic Representation of one Delta of the Cross Delta Transmit Antenna. TCI (a division of SPX) has made available an antenna according to the LDI design. With the TCI 2:23. model 656 implementation of the design, the four elements attached to the top of the tower are also used as guy wires.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Receive Antenna Receive Antenna General Description The receive antenna is an array of four crossed loop antennas. Each of the antennas is comprised of 2:27.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Receive Antenna Array Layout The sounder installation uses a receive antenna array consisting of four antenna stations, three of which 2:28. form an equilateral triangle, the fourth station is located at its center. Figure 2-3 details array layout meas- urements and antenna orientation.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 2-3: Standard Receive Antenna Array Antenna Cable Connections Connect each transmit, receive, and GPS antenna directly to the Surge Protectors then to the back of 2:34.
UPS if necessary. Earlier models of the DPS4D had provisions for connecting two external 12 volt automobile storage batteries as an alternative to a UPS. LDI can provide assistance to users who have this feature and wish to make use of it. Realistically, considering the availability of commercial UPSes, such UPSes should be the preferred approach and commercial UPSes have software which can be installed in the Data computer to effect an orderly shutdown when the UPS shuts off the power.
Page 79
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 ON/OFF switch of the Power Amplifier Chassis Figure 2-4: Location of the Front Panel ON/OFF Switch for the Power Amplifier Main ON/OFF...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 POWERING UP PROCEDURE POWERING ON THE MAIN SYSTEM At this stage the sounder should be correctly connected to the: 2:45. correct power source, and all power switches in the OFF (down) position,...
The URSI Code is written in the SAO records holding ionogram-derived data to be reported to the WDC and other users. SERIAL NUMBER. A unique number given to each DPS sounder made by LDI, in the sequence of their production. PROVIDED BY LDI. Serial number is not stored with the data.
Stores records of changes to ensure that retrospective data are processed (xxx = Station ID) correctly. Station ID files are kept at LDI under version control management and distributed together with the analysis software to other users of Digisonde data ®...
Page 83
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 2-7: Two Common Digisonde-4D Antenna Layouts Table 2-2: Antenna Positions for Standard and Mirror Antenna Layouts (Assuming MAXDIST of 60 m)
Page 84
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 RESTRICTED FREQUENCIES Refer to the frequency authorization operating license obtained for the sounder at the installation site 2:59. and note any frequencies to be protected. The restricted frequency intervals are stored in stationSpecific.udd file in the /digisonde/dispatch folder of the Data Platform.
Page 85
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 FILENAME ITEM # CONTENTS SOFTWARE COMPONENT ANTENNA LAYOUT ANTENNA DEVN ANTENNA MAXDIST Dispatcher.ini StationId URSI Code Dispatcher: filename generation ddasetup.onl Station constants...
Page 86
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 CROSS-CHANNEL EQUALIZING VIA INTERNAL LOOPBACK (EXCLUDING ANTENNAS AND CABLES) Identical response of all receive channels of the Digisonde-4D to the input signal is required to ensure 2:64.
Page 87
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 VERIFICATION OF CABLES AND ANTENNA PRE-AMPLIFIERS VIA EXTERNAL LOOPBACK Cable and antenna pre-amplifier verification must be performed at system installation to identify and 2:68.
Page 88
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 2-10: Rx Antenna Calibration Setup with Added Test Cable Segments (Standard Antenna Layout) Example ionogram and skymap obtained in the tilted antenna array configuration are shown in Figure 2:72.
Page 90
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 3 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS _______________________________________________________________________________ SECTION CONTENTS Page SECTION 3 CHAPTER 1 _ PROGRAMMING DIGISONDE MEASUREMENTS ........... 3-6 ® PROGRAMS, SCHEDULES, AND SCHEDULE START TIMES ............... 3-6 SCIENCE MODES AND DATA PRODUCTS ....................
Page 91
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 CHAPTER 2 _ BASIC OPERATION OF DCART ..............3-35 BASIC PRINCIPLES ..........................3-35 Normal and Advanced Modes of DCART Interface ................3-35 DCART Screen Layout ........................
Page 92
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 CHAPTER 4 _ ADVANCED INTERFACE of DCART ............... 3-68 SUMMARY OF ADVANCED FEATURES IN DCART ................3-68 Cross-Channel Equalizing of the Receiver Channels ................. 3-68 Calibration of Tracking Filters ......................
Page 93
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 List of Figures Figure 3-1: Digisonde Example of a 10 minute schedule ® Figure 3-2: Overview of the Digisonde ® Data Products and Displays Figure 3-3: Frequency Multiplexing as a Means to Increase Doppler Frequency Resolution.
Page 94
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 3-34: Real-time “Sounding Mode” Display, Time Domain Plot (Steps 1-4 of the Processing Chain) 3-46 Figure 3-35: Real-time “Sounding Mode” Display, Doppler Spectra Plot (Step 5 of the Processing Chain)
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 CHAPTER 1 PROGRAMMING DIGISONDE ® MEASUREMENTS PROGRAMS, SCHEDULES, AND SCHEDULE START TIMES The Digisonde is a configurable scientific instrument that offers a variety of measurement modes and ®...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 different schedules for daytime and nighttime. Programming the Digisonde to switch schedules automatically ® is further discussed in Chapter 2. SCIENCE MODES AND DATA PRODUCTS The following types of scientific measurements are available for the Digisonde ®...
Page 97
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 ® Figure 3-2: Overview of the Digisonde Data Products and Displays SECTION 3 - OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 PROGRAMMING SCIENCE MEASUREMENTS General Considerations Fundamentally, ionogram and drift measurements use the same remote sensing approach described in 3:8. Section 1, in which Digisonde ®...
Page 99
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 3-3: Frequency Multiplexing as a Means to Increase Doppler Frequency Resolution. In order to accommodate specification of the frequency multiplexing in Digisonde ®...
Page 100
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 For example, suppose 50 kHz linear frequency stepping and x4 advantage in Doppler resolution is re- 3:12. quired for an ionogram. Then fine frequency step (FFS) is 50 kHz, number of fine steps (NFS) is 4, and coarse frequency step is CFS = NFS * FFS = 200 kHz.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 synchronization, resulting in the exact ionogram running time of 2m 27s 870ms. Without multiplexing, CIT time is 64 x 10 ms = 640 ms, so that Doppler resolution is 1/0.64s = 1.5625 Hz.
Page 102
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 3-6 shows a diagram of the Receiver path in the Digisonde-4D indicating gain stages. Wide 3:21. band circuitry is exposed to the cumulative environment where dynamics of the individual sources of interfer- ence is smeared out.
Page 103
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 creation” ionogram can be configured to suppress output ionogram file (see Figure 3-7), so that the only out- come of its operation is to refresh the gain table.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Programming Vertical Incidence Ionogram Measurement The following data processing options shall be considered when programming the ionogram measure- 3:25. ment: a. OUTPUT FILES: RSF versus SBF output format.
Page 105
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Color legend: Red shades = O-polarization, vertical Green shades = X-polarization, vertical Blue (cold) shades for North/East Yellow(warm) shades for South/West Figure 3-8: RSF Ionogram with Echo Directions, Running Time ~2 minutes...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 RSF Ionogram with Echo Directions and Precision Ranging Precision ranging is enabled by (a) setting number of fine steps to 2 and (b) selecting fine frequency 3:27.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SBF Ionogram without Echo Directions Single Byte Format (SBF) is selected to make ionograms without echo directional analysis, which can 3:28. be considered as a temporary operating mode for periods of hardware faults in one or more receiver channels.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 of MUF frequencies calculated for pre-configured path distances. All three types of the output files can be se- lected for local storage on the Digisonde ’s hard disk, archival on removable media (CD, DVD), as well as...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 24:00 UT, at which time passing day-night terminator causes generation of several ionospheric disturbances traveling east. Shades of blue in the directogram correspond to general direction of plasma drift from west to east, and shades of red are used to represent drift in the opposite direction from east to west.
Page 110
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 receive signals in synch with the older DPS4 model, it inserts additional pauses between individual CITs to rep- licate delays that DPS4 requires to complete internal processing and data transfer. Such timing mode for oblique sounding is called “Oblique”...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 3-14: Digisonde-4D at Jeju Island, Korea, Configured to Receive Signal from Anyang DPS4 (444 km Ground Distance) Via Oblique Propagation. For a Digisonde-4D to receive oblique incidence signals in addition to receiving its own vertical trans- 3:38.
Page 112
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 3-15: Drift Measurement Program and Real-Time Display. SECTION 3 - 3-23 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Data Products Derived from Drift Measurement Doppler Skymap The Doppler skymap is a presentation technique for the drift measurement data in which a large num- 3:40.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 3-16: Skymap Display for WWW Homepage Daily Velocity Plot for WWW Homepage Daily plots of the ionospheric drift velocity are produced by DVL2PNG software for webpage publish- 3:44.
Page 115
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 3-17: Daily Drift Velocity Plot for WWW Homepage Figure 3-18: Sample Passive RF Sensing Measurement of EISCAT Signal at 4040 kHz...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 3-19 presents the measurement program specification for the EISCAT signal reception data 3:46. shown in Figure 3-18 to serve as an example of a program that listens to a transmitter of opportunity. The raw data is processed by an averaging filter and saved in the Uniform Measurement Storage (UMS) format with full 4 antenna data storage option (.TAV files) for offline analysis in DCART.
Page 117
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Example of Option A Surveillance program is given in Figure 3-20. It covers the operating frequency 3:48. band from 0.3 to 15 MHz in 14703 linear steps of 1 kHz, taking 1 min 13 sec to complete the measurement.
Page 118
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Example Option Surveillance program given 3:50. Figure 3-23. It covers the operating frequency band from 0.5 to 15 MHz in 2901 linear step of 5 kHz, 3:51.
Page 119
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 3-21: Frequency spectrum occupancy chart, 0.5 to 1.2 MHz, produced from TAV file (Option A) Figure 3-22: Radio silent measurement for HF Surveillance.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 3-23: Spectrogram display of HF Surveillance measurement (Option B). SPECIFICATION OF RESTRICTED FREQUENCIES DCART offers two separate lists of restricted frequency intervals (RFIL) where transmission shall be 3:52.
Page 121
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 3-1. Specification of Restricted Frequency Interval List (RFIL) in StationSpecific.UDD Configuration File %5 RESTRICTED FREQUENCY Restricted Frequency Table. Use format: Beginning-End Freq, (pairs define restricted bands) Restricted Frequency Table.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 HOUSEKEEPING MEASUREMENTS AND DATA PRODUCTS In addition to the scientific measurements, Digisonde ® conducts the following housekeeping activities: 3:55. ® 1) Built-In Test (BIT) that determines state of the Digisonde...
Page 123
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 The CONTROL platform is responsible for: 3:58. (1) measurement progression control in accordance with the program specification, (2) data acquisition, (3) packaging and delivery of the sample data to the DATA platform,...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 CHAPTER 2 BASIC OPERATION OF DCART BASIC PRINCIPLES Digisonde Commanding and Acquisition Remote Terminal (DCART) is the software component of ® 3:62.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 DCART Screen Layout Figure 3-26 describes general contents of the DCART screen. The bottom section contains DCART 3:65. logo, real-time system clock (corresponding to both DATA and CONTROL computer clocks), DESC status window, and DCART log with software messages.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 DCART Color Concept Screen elements and controls of DCART software are color-coded to draw the operator’s attention to 3:66. particular conditions and selections: •...
Page 127
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 In order to switch Digisonde-4D into its Autonomous mode, push Auto button (see Figure 3-27). 3:71. There are two ways to stop autonomous operations and switch the sounder to its manual mode: •...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 When Digisonde-4D is commanded into Autonomous Operations mode, 3:72. • DESC is switched into its automatic state (i.e., it triggers schedules in its SST Queue), When DCART is in the Automatic mode of operations, several screen controls and menu options are 3:73.
Page 129
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 DCART software has screen editors for all components of PROGSCHED; programs, schedules, and 3:76. start schedule times. DCART has two copies of PROGSCHED available for display in the editors, (1) active PROGSCHED is a copy of the PROGSCHED on the Control computer.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 NOTE Program and schedule definitions displayed on the Digisonde-4D screen may not correspond to the measurements that CONTROL platform of the sounder is actually running -- if DCART shows the edited PROGSCHED with changes that have not been activated.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Activation of the Edited PROGSCHED can be done while the sounder is in the Autonomous mode of 3:78. operations and currently runs a measurement. When “Activate changes” button is pressed and sounder is run- ning, DCART: •...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 REAL-TIME DATA VISUALIZATION Two of the content tabs in Figure 3-26 are used for real-time visualization of science (“Sounding 3:81. Mode”) and housekeeping (“Built-In Test”) data.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 3-33: Real-time “Sounding Mode” Display of DCART (Enabled, click to Disable) DCART Processing Chain Detailed description of the processing steps that are applied to Digisonde-4D time domain samples can 3:84.
Page 134
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 shows measurement of the internal loopback signal from the transmitter card to the antenna switch; phase plots clearly display the 16-chip phase code of the signal modulation. Available screen controls for data visualization are shown in Table 3-5 Table 3-3.
Page 135
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 3-34: Real-time “Sounding Mode” Display, Time Domain Plot (Steps 1-4 of the Processing Chain) 3-46 SECTION 3 - OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Real-time Display of Doppler Spectra (Step 5 of Processing Chain) Figure 3-35 shows real-time “single range” Doppler Spectra display, in which FFT is taken over sorted 3:86.
Page 137
Doppler spectra in the sounding mode display window of DCART. The win- dow layout and contents is re-used from the LDI Drift Explorer project libraries. Certain options are not appli- cable for real-time visualization.
Page 138
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 3-5. Display Options for Doppler Image Category Control Function “Linear scale” checkbox Represent amplitudes in dB scale or linear scale Data Presen-...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Waterfall Presentation of the Drift Data In Doppler Image Options window, set “Presentation” drop-down menu to “Waterfall” to obtain water- 3:88. fall display (see Figure 3-37).
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 3-38: Real-Time Display of Ionogram Measurement in Progress (Ionogram Presentation) Ionogram measurement can be additionally presented as an echogram, which when selected makes available several additional display types.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 3-40: Real-Time Display of Ionogram Measurement in Progress (Echogram Presentation) Aggregative echogram presentation display When “Aggregative” presentation is selected from within the echogram display controls the display 3:91.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 3-41: Echogram Presentation of the Same Ionogram as in Figure 3-40, Shown as Spectrogram Real-Time Display of BIT Results Figure 3-42 shows example of a failed Built-In Test display. Further recommendations for using BIT in 3:92.
AUTONOMOUS OPERATIONS OF DIGISONDE-4D In order to configure Digisonde 4D for autonomous operations, it is necessary to complete the follow- 3:94. ing tasks:...
Page 144
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 environment as close to the ionogram start as possible. Placement of the BIT and CCEQ programs within the available idle time of this schedule is arbitrary.
Page 145
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 the entire schedule), click “Change P#” and enter “ 5,10 “. This would replace every instance of pro- gram 5 with program 10.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Advanced Schedule Editing with DCART The “Auto” checkbox of the Schedule Editor switches the editor into the automatic placement mode 3:101. (Figure 3-45) in which gaps between scheduled programs are forced to a fixed value (1000 ms for the example shown in Figure 3-45), and schedule duration can be padded to a needed value by entering appropriate “last”...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 3-46 shows 1 hour of Digisonde operations from 2018.05.24 02:00UT to 2018.05.24 03:00UT, during ® which daytime schedule #52 is switched to nighttime schedule #53, at 2:32 UT.
Page 148
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Condition formulas can modify the keyword or its boundaries by adding or subtracting time deltas. For 3:107. example, to start a schedule 30 minutes before daylight time in the F region, condition Day.Start-30m is used in the rule.
Page 149
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 3-7. Interval Conditions Keyword Example Usage Notes RangeUT RangeUT(10,20) Run schedule from 10:00 to 20:00UT RangeUT(10,10:30) Run schedule from 10:00 to 10:30UT...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 3-8. Examples of Priority Analysis Rule Table Example Action RangeUT(10,20) for Schedule #1 Run #1 from 10 to 20 UT, run #2 from 20 to 22UT,...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 MANUAL OPERATIONS OF DIGISONDE-4D Manual operation of the sounder may be needed as a part of its testing, troubleshooting, or during de- 3:115.
Page 152
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 (a) Manual Mode, running program #2 (b) Manual Mode, running schedule #11 Figure 3-48: Digisonde ® in its Manual Operations Mode, Running (a) Program #1 and (b) Schedule #11 Commonly used keyboard shortcuts for the manual program runs: 3:118.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 CHAPTER 3 DIGISONDE-4D PROGRAMMING RECOMMENDATIONS QUALITY CONTROL OF PROGSCHED DEFINITIONS DCART editors have a comprehensive built-in system of quality control that makes it difficult to pro- 3:119.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 VALID PROGRAMS SUBOPTIMAL FOR SCIENCE OBSERVATIONS Ionogram measurement Program design recommendations for the ionogram measurements are summarized in Table 3-9. 3:124. Table 3-9. Program Design Recommendations for Ionogram Measurements...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Drift measurement Program design recommendations for the drift (Doppler skymap) measurements are summarized in 3:125. Table 3-10 Table 3-10. Program Design Recommendations for Drift Measurements...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DIGISONDE ® OPERATIONS General recommendations for Digisonde-4D operations are summarized in Table 3-11. 3:127. Table 3-11. General Recommendations for Digisonde-4D Operations...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 CHAPTER 4 ADVANCED INTERFACE OF DCART SUMMARY OF ADVANCED FEATURES IN DCART The following categories of DCART operations are considered to be available to advanced users: 3:128.
Page 158
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 3-49: Advanced Mode of DCART Interface (Showing CCEQ Program Definition) SECTION 3 - 3-69 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 CCEQ data are acquired to derive complex correction coefficients to channels 2, 3, and 4 that would 3:131. equalize their transfer function to match channel 1. The CCEQ data are stored in text form in .CEQ files and sent to Dispatcher for their post-management (assembly in daily files, delivery to remote destinations, etc.).
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 3-50: Tracker Calibration Program Table 3-13. Tracker Calibration Frequencies Filter Band Frequency range, MHz Frequency Stepping Low-Pass Below 0.5 none Band 1 0.5 –...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 CHAPTER 5 HOMEPAGE AND DATA DISSEMINATION INTRODUCTION The sounder operates a WWW server that allow remote computer platforms to connect for data visuali- 3:137.
Page 162
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 FTP or SFTP. None of Dispatcher operations involve user interaction, and data delivery options are changed by editing of the configuration files on DATA platform.
Page 163
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 3-14. Configuration files Involved in FTP/SFTP Data Deliveries File Configuration item Comments Dispatcher.ini Data Delivery Destination Each destination configured for delivery should...
LDI’s digisonde software or create an addition instance of that software. A remote desktop solution will be provided by LDI for the equipment which can be replaced by the customer if desired. REMOTE ACCESS USING FTP/SFTP CONNECTION TO DIGISONDE ®...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Commanding DESC Operations Limited commanding of the CONTROL platform is available via uploading COMMAND.REM file 3:146. containing one line of text with the following possible contents: •...
Page 166
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 3-15 Contents of Remote Campaign Request File Line # Contents Format Comments Version de- VNN, where NN is version Folder for buffering outgoing files...
Page 168
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 4 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION ______________________________________________________________________________ SECTION CONTENTS Page SECTION 4 CHAPTER 1 _ HARDWARE OVERVIEW ................... 4-4 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION..........................4-4 CHAPTER 2 _ PROPRIETARY CIRCUIT BOARDS ..............4-8 DIGITAL TRANSMITTER CARD ........................4-8...
Page 169
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 RF POWER AMPLIFIER CHASSIS ......................4-25 RF Amplifier Card ..........................4-25 Half-Octave Filter (HOF) Cards (2 per system): .................. 4-26 CHAPTER 3 COMMERCIAL HARDWARE ................
Page 170
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 List of Tables Table 4-1: Transmitter Specifications Table 4-2: Listing of Commercial Peripheral Literature (TBR) 4-28 Table 4-3: Configuring GPS Receiver 4-29 SECTION 4 –...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 CHAPTER 1 HARDWARE OVERVIEW SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The system configuration is shown in Figure 4-1, with the layout of the Main and Power Chassis 4:1.
Page 172
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 4-2: Main Chassis of the Digisonde-4D Figure 4-3: Power Amplifier Chassis of the Digisonde-4D SECTION 4 – HARDWARE DESCRIPTION...
Page 173
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 4-4: Digisonde-4D Front View Figure 4-5: Digisonde-4D Rear View SECTION 4 – HARDWARE DESCRIPTION...
Page 174
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 The major sub-assemblies of Digisonde-4D include: 4:2. a. Oven controlled 61.44 MHz frequency source (the Master Oscillator). b. Card cage with analog and digital cards for signal generation and reception.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 xii. ISA and PCI Interface via backplane e. The Power Distribution board converts the 24 to 28 V DC primary power to the +15, –15, +12, +5, +3.3, and –5 volts needed by various components in the system.
Page 176
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 orthogonal antennas. The transmitter design features two digital up-converters AD9857 by Analog Devices that can be independently programmed to have + or -90 of inter-channel phase difference (or 0º if linear polarization is required).
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 4-6: Phase-Modulated 16-Chip Code Sequence with the Sinusoidal Shape of the Chips Achieves Narrower Transmission Bandwidth The phase modulation data are stored as I (real) and Q (imaginary) samples that determine the ampli- 4:8.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 by Atmel. It takes about 2 μs for the PIC18LF6520 to accept one byte over the P-Bus, well below the P-bus timeout of 10 μs. To ensure deterministic synchronism of bus operations, the microcontroller is clocked with a 15.36 MHz signal derived from the master 61.44 MHz clock.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 DIGITAL RECEIVER The receiver design considers operation in noisy RF environments where strong interferers could 4:17. saturate the receiver inputs rendering the receivers insensitive to smaller message signals. For ionospheric sounding, AM radio stations in the 0.55-1.65 MHz band and the 6-24 MHz HF communications bands can...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 4-8: Digital Receiver Block Diagram (Only One of the Graychips is Used for Current Operation) A table of automatic gain selections for each of the operating frequencies is stored at the Control 4:21.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 The input data on port A[15..0] are converted to a complex input format (I and Q samples) in the 4:23. receive input formatter (RINF). In this common configuration, each down-conversion channel demodulates the sampled data down to the baseband, then performs a low-pass filter operation, reduces the signal rate (decimation), and outputs I and Q baseband data.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 TRACKING BANDPASS FILTERS Analog bandpass filters at the receiver front end efficiently suppress the out-of-band interference 4:26. since the filters are synchronously tracking the transmitter frequency. Figure 4-11 shows the block diagram of the Tracking Bandpass Filter.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 4-12: Tracking Bandpass Filter PCB PREPROCESSOR CARD The Preprocessor card has been developed for the DPS4D as a part of our strategic use of dedicated 4:28.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 freq 1 Preprocessor Operation: Sampling freq 1 nibbles words Assemble GrayChip 1 Write Rx Samples to Read Previous Samples Nibbles freq 1 control...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 4-14: Preprocessor PCB BUILT-IN TEST CARD The Built-in Test (BIT) operation is a diagnostic mode of the DPS4D used to determine the system 4:34.
Page 186
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 4-15: General Diagram of BIT Signal Sampling SECTION 4 – 4-19 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 4-16: BIT Card ANTENNA SWITCH Four identical input stages (Inputs #1 through #4) receive signals from each of four receive antennas.
Page 188
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 4-17: Antenna Switch Block Diagram The input comes via short wires from BNC connectors mounted on the rear of the Antenna Switch’s 4:36.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 POLARIZATION SWITCH With two channels, one for the North (N) – South (S) loop and another for the West (W) – East (E) 4:39.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 For signals arriving from remote stations with larger than 45° zenith angles the suppression of un- 4:43. wanted polarization depends strongly on the orientation of the turnstile antennas. An optimum configuration would be for the loop planes to be 45°...
+28V power supply output. d) In previous versions of the DPS4D the power interface served also as a battery interface and provid- ed over voltage, under voltage, and over current protection. LDI can supply information about the older versions upon request.
Page 192
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 RF POWER AMPLIFIER CHASSIS The RF Amplifier consists of the aluminum chassis drawer, a power relay (24V solenoid) for switch- 4:47. ing the (approx) +27.5V input from the power supply. The power relay is controlled by the front panel switch and by an FET on the RF Amp card which is commanded by input from the upper chassis via the RF Amp IO connector.
Page 193
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 transistors varies widely, but the bias voltage needed to set an idle current of about 2A is usually in the range of 3-4V. When the negative swing of an input sine wave exceeds 1V below the bias level, the FET is in its non-linear cutoff range, thus causing harmonic distortion in the output signal.
Page 194
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 4-22: HALF OCTAVE FILTER (HOF) Block Diagram SECTION 4 – 4-27 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION...
Page 195
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 CHAPTER 3 COMMERCIAL HARDWARE CARDS AND ASSEMBLIES SUPPLIED FROM OTHER MANUFACTURERS There are cards and assemblies provided by external manufacturers that are integrated into the 4:54.
Page 196
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 4-3: Configuring GPS Receiver Configure GPS Settings ▪ Desktop / Utilities / NTP Time Server Monitor Click “Stop NTP Service”...
Page 197
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 puts provided for in the GPS]) PPS Offset: 0e+00 Bias Uncertainty Threshold: 300.00 Output Options: Always PPS Width: 1.000e-05...
Page 198
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 5 SYSTEM SOFTWARE _______________________________________________________________________________ SECTION CONTENTS Page SECTION 5 CHAPTER 1 _ SYSTEM SOFTWARE OVERVIEW ..............5-8 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ........................5-8 CHOICE OF SOFTWARE VERSUS HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATIONS ..........
Page 199
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 TILT ................................5-26 DRGMAKER............................. 5-26 ION2PNG ..............................5-27 SKY2PNG ..............................5-27 DRG2PNG ..............................5-27 DVL2PNG ..............................5-27 ANNEX A 5-28 DESC TO DCART INTEFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT 5-28 COMMON DEFINITIONS .........................
Page 200
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 TELEMETRY PACKET SUMMARY ......................5-52 ERROR/EVENT ID AND AUXILIARY INFORMATION ................5-52 ANNEX B 5-55 DCART TO DESC INTEFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT 5-55 COMMAND PACKETS ..........................
Page 201
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 List of Figures Figure 5-1: Digital Data Processing Architecture of the Digisonde-4D Figure 5-2: Block-Diagram of DESC Software 5-11 Figure 5-3: Digisonde-4D Computer Configuration with CONTROL and DATA Platforms...
Page 202
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5A- 20: Science Data Packet General Header, Length 15 5-43 Table 5A- 21: Packet Preface Specification, Length Variable 5-43 Table 5A- 22: Packet Group Header, Length 6 (12 for Debugging)
Page 203
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5C- 5 : Antennas configuration, length is variable, (58 for 4 antennas) 5-64 Table 5C- 6: Coordinates configuration, length 12 5-65...
Page 204
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5C- 45: Content of an Individual Range Bin in SBF File Format 5-77 Table 5C- 46: Individual Bit Sections of the Range Bin...
Current choice of the Digisonde-4D digital signal processing (DSP) architecture balances both special- 5:3. ized and generic computing platforms. Development of specialized DSP hardware continues to be part of LDI’s strategy to build low-power, light-weight, space-qualified radio sounding instrumentation. At the same time, for the ground-based applications that do not require radiation hardening, inexpensive small-format embedded computers present a feasible alternative to custom DSP hardware.
Page 206
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 5-1: Digital Data Processing Architecture of the Digisonde-4D SECTION 5 - SYSTEM SOFTWARE...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM SOFTWARE OF CONTROL COMPUTER INTRODUCTION The Control Platform of Digisonde-4D sounder is responsible for: 5:6. • Measurement progression control in accordance with the program specification •...
Page 208
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 ing memory, and Data interrupt from Preprocessor card. These events are related to hardware control and ac- quisition operations that are precisely timed in the hardware by the Reference pulse (R pulse). The 5 ms inter- rupt occurs prior to the R pulse for software to setup hardware registers and arrange for transfer of available data from Preprocessor card.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Parser and Framer tasks (shown as yellow boxes in Figure 5-2) are responsible for communications 5:11. with the DATA Platform. The Parser Task accepts incoming command packets to assure their proper format and forwards them for execution to the Command Dispatcher.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM SOFTWARE OF DATA COMPUTER INTRODUCTION The Data Platform is responsible for: 5:14. • Accepting raw sample data collected by the Control Platform for...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 5-3: Digisonde-4D Computer Configuration with CONTROL and DATA Platforms 5:16. DCART Main functions of DCART software are: 5:17. • Support of Science Operations...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 5-4: Block Diagram of DCART Software The Interface Control Document (ICD) for Command and Telemetry (C&T) traffic between DCART 5:19. and DESC software components of Digisonde-4D is detailed in Annex A. Further details on the DCART sci- ence data processing and examples of the real-time displays can be found in the Section 3, Chapter 2 of the Manual.
Page 213
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 5-5: Data Routing Within AUX Computer Newly made sounder data files appear in the Digisonde ® incoming folder from DCART. Dispatcher 5:22.
Page 214
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5-1: Physical Locations of Data Archival and Incoming Folders on AUX Computer NAME LOCATION FUNCTION Digisonde ® /digisonde/dpsmain/dps2aux Incoming files from Digisonde ®...
Page 215
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 All file copy operations within DATA Platfrom, including data deliveries, are made by first copying the 5:30. file under a different file extension (TMP) and then renaming it to the original file extension. In this way, other software components do not attempt operations on files whose transfer is still ongoing.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 CHAPTER 4 POST-PROCESSING SOFTWARE POST-PROCESSING AT DATA PLATFORM The Digisonde-4D sounder comes with pre-installed suite of software responsible for generation of de- 5:31.
Page 217
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5-4: Station UDD File PARAMETER PARAMETER UNITS RANGE ACCURACY PRECISION DATA FORMAT NAME TYPE Section 1 - GEOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS AND SITE INFORMATION...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 ARTIST The Automatic Real-Time Ionogram Scaler with True height (ARTIST) is an intelligent system devel- 5:35. oped for the extraction of ionospheric specification data from ionograms. The automatic ionogram interpreta- tion (“scaling”) is a computer-hard problem that requires a model of human visual perception to extract useful...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 ARTIST-5 Ionogram Qualifiers In addition to the ACL value determined by ARTIST-5 by inspecting autoscaling process and its out- 5:42. come for anomalies, another level of ionogram qualification is provided by automatic classification of each ionogram in terms of the level of the ionosphere/ionogram disturbance.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 bars. No visible difference was found in the accuracies calculated for different time periods of the day and sea- sons. Error Bars for Autoscaled Critical Frequencies Figure 5-6 illustrates the approach taken for evaluation of the error bars for the critical frequencies.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 5-7 illustrates the benefits of sorting ionograms in subcategories to statistically capture differ- 5:49. ences of autoscaling performance for different classes of ionograms. It shows the error histogram built using only ionograms taken during quiet ionospheric conditions and autoscaled with at a high confidence level (iono- gram qualifier QC).
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 5-8: Autoscaled Ionogram from Roquetes, Spain, with Inner and Outer Error Boundaries for Calculated EDP. The Error Boundaries are Obtained by Modifying the Original Profile Coefficients so that the Boundary Fits the Anchor Points as Indicated.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 5-9: Precision Ranging (PR) Processing in ARTIST-5. (The Original ARTIST Trace is Shown as the Yellow Line, and the Trace Updated with (PR) Data is Shown as the White Line.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 DRGMAKER uses ionograms with directional information to calculate directograms as described in 5:58. Section 3. INPUT FILE: RSF. OUTPUT FILE: DRG 5:59.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 ANNEX A DESC TO DCART INTEFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT COMMON DEFINITIONS Structured data Structured Data or, simply, Structure is the ordered collection of fields.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5A- 2: Primitive Field Types Abbreviation Byte Len Description INT8U 8 bits unsigned INT8S 8 bits signed INT16U 16 bits unsigned...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 COMMON DATA ELEMENTS Measurement Program Measurement program, or simply Program, is a set of parameters that uniquely specify particular 5:77. measurement taken by the DPS. All Program types have the same first field, “Operation Code” (OpCode), which is followed by Operation, a specific structure of parameters defining the DPS operation.
Page 228
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Common Specifications define all parameters that are common to both ionogram and drift mode of 5:85. Digisonde operations. This part includes, for example, frequency and range stepping, number of pulses per ®...
Page 229
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5A- 5 shows specification of the Data Processing structure. Table 5A- 5: Data Processing Structure (Length 2 Bytes) Byte Byte Mnemonic...
Page 230
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Byte Byte Mnemonic Description Units Type Range Offset bits: BIN_FORMAT Databin format. It is defined only for Generic format, in INT4U which case the databin format number is: a).
Page 231
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Byte Byte Mnemonic Description Units Type Range Offset Antenna option (bit mask of enabled antennas) INT8U 0…15 Bit 0 = antenna 1...
Page 232
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Byte Byte Mnemonic Description Units Type Range Offset SAVE_DATA_F Save Data Flags INT8U Bit 0 Save Raw Data flag Bit 1 Do Not Save Product Data Bit 2 Ionogram Data Reduction, when set then databins with amplitudes ≤...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Built-In Test Operation Table 5A- 8 contains description of the Built-in Test Program. Table 5A- 8: Built-in Test Operation Version 3 (Length 4 Bytes)
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Byte Byte Mnemonic Description Units Type Range Offset Polarizations INT8U 0, 1, 2 0 = O only 1 = X only 2 = O and X...
Page 235
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5A- 10: Trackers Calibration Operation Version 3 (29 Bytes) Byte Byte Mnemonic Description Units Type Range Offset OP_CODE Operating code. Contains constant 4.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Time Stamp Time stamps are provided in UT with precision of 1 ms. Table 5A- 13 describes common presentation 5:90. of the time in the DPS packets (totaling 17 bytes).
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Housekeeping Header Housekeeping Header structure is included in housekeeping packets, such as “I’m alive”, Event Mes- 5:92. sage, Error Message. Table 5A- 16: Housekeeping Header (Length = 39)
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SCIENCE DATA PACKETS Science Data considerations Science Data that produced by running some Sounding Program are called Measurement. 5:94. From the general point of view, Measurement characterized by Location, Time, Program, and Applied 5:95.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Science Data Packet structure, packet type 0x81 The following is true. 5:101. 1. Each Science Data packet includes only part of measurement.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Science Data Packet General Header Table 5A- 20: Science Data Packet General Header, Length 15 Byte Byte Mnemonic Description Units Type Range...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Packet Group Header Table 5A- 22: Packet Group Header, Length 6 (12 for Debugging) Byte Byte Mnemonic Description Units Type Range Offset...
Page 242
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5A- 25, Table 5A- 26, and Table 5A- 27. 5:107. The program specification and Process Applied determine Databin’s layout and total number of data- 5:108.
Page 243
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 a) 1 dimension is Number of Polarizations b) 2 dimension is Number of Heights to Sample. It is equaled to Number of Ranges if measure- ment program parameter NRO (Number of Ranges to Output) is zero, otherwise it is equaled to NRO.
Page 244
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5A- 25: Ionogram Databin Format 1, without PGH, Length 17 Byte Byte Mnemonic Description Units Type Range Offset DOPPLER Sequential number of Doppler INT8U 0…255...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 HOUSEKEEPING PACKETS I’m alive packet TYPE=0x01, Length = 38. DESC send this packet to DCART every minute if no science data are being produced.
Page 246
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5A- 32: Hardware Sensors Payload Structure Byte Byte Mnemonic Description Units Type Range Offset HK_HEADER Housekeeping header Table 5A- 16 SCH_NUMBER...
Page 247
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5A- 35: Digital Sensors Mnemonic on Bit # DCART Mnemonic Description schematics condition PWR_PREAMP_V Preamp power -15V PWR_M15_V -15 Volt power...
Page 248
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5A- 37: Analog Dynamic Sensors Mnemonic on Word # DCART Mnemonic Description Range schematics AMP_RF1_V RF voltage amplitude at the output of amplifier 1 0..1023...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 TELEMETRY PACKET SUMMARY Table 5A- 39: Telemetry Packet Summary Packet ID Packet Mnemonic Packet Title 0x81 SCI_DATA Science Data 0x01 HK_ALIVE I Am Alive...
Page 250
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 0011h Unstable clock, time drift is %d sec Time drift in sec or, if information parameter value is 0, 0 is a special value that means time...
Page 251
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5A- 41: Event Message ID and Auxiliary Information Message Item Message Text Information Count 0007h Program %d has been terminated Program #...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 ANNEX B DCART TO DESC INTEFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT COMMAND PACKETS DCART send these packets to DESC. 5:119. Periodic Message packet TYPE=0x70, Length = 17.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Start program packet TYPE=0x72, Length = 1 The packet is used to start program. DESC should stop current program and start new program imme- 5:125.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Load Restricted Frequency Interval List packet TYPE=0x77, Length is variable The packet is used to set list of restricted frequencies. DESC should not transmit on these frequencies 5:131.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 ENABLE_TR Enable tracker band switching boolean INT8U 0, 1 _BAND 1 = enable, normal operational mode (always 1 in opera- tional state) 0 = disable, only for band’s width and shape testing...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Current Amplifier has seven switch frequencies. Typical example from StationSpecific.UDD: 5:140. *936 < 1690 2450 4100 5550 10950 16150 22100 > COMMAND LIST SUMMARY...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 ANNEX C DCART INTEFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT FOR DATA PRODUCTS UNIFORM MEASUREMENT STORAGE, VERSION 3 General considerations UMS stands for Uniform Measurement Storage, which is the format for DPS4D data. UMS comprises 5:141.
Page 258
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 There exist two branches of processing after step 5, for Ionogram and for Drift Data. 5:147. For Ionogram Data: A. Choose the strongest (having maximum amplitude over all antennas) Doppler for each height.
Page 259
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5C- 1: Version 3 Measurement Header, length is variable Byte Byte Mnemonic Description Units Type Range Offset SIGNATURE Measurement Signature contains six bytes fixed INT8U array data 0xFE, 0xFA, 0x31, ‘D’, ‘P’, ‘S’...
Page 260
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5C- 4: Preface v.1 specification, length is variable Byte Byte Mnemonic Description Units Type Range Offset Station Identification Number INT16U 0 … 65535...
Page 261
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SP_LEN PROCS_STE Applied processing step’s parameters NAPS P_PARAMS This structure will not be present if no processing P_LEN steps were applied, i.e. for raw data.
Page 262
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5C- 6: Coordinates configuration, length 12 Byte Byte Mnemonics Description Units Type Range Offset X-coordinate in centimeters Centimeter INT32S -2,147,483,648 to...
Page 263
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Scale Factor. When data are saved into external storage they are Double As any non-negative checked against overflowing and if it is occurred than all data in...
Page 264
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5C- 12: Ionogram Frequency Group, length is variable but the same for all groups within the same measurement Byte Byte Mnemonic...
Page 265
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5C- 18: Ionogram Databin uncompressed format (bin format 0), with PGH, length 19 Byte Byte Mnemonic Description Units Type Range Offset...
Page 266
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5C- 22: Ionogram Databin, antennas-convolved uncompressed format (bin format 2) with PGH, length 9 Byte Byte Mnemonic Description Units Type Range...
Page 267
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5C- 26: Ionogram Databin, very compressed format (bin format 4) with PGH, length 2 Mnemonic Description Units Type Range Offset DOPPLER...
Page 268
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5C- 32: Processing Steps’ parameters, variable length Byte Mnemonic Byte Description Units Type Range Offset vari- PROCS_ST Array of parameters for all applied processing steps...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5C- 35: Channel Equalizing: One Frequency Correction entry, variable length Byte Byte Mnemonic Description Units Type Range Offset FREQ Frequency in Hz INT8U 0…30,000,000...
Page 270
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Byte # Description Units Range Type Format 22, 23, 24 Stop Frequency, UU 100 Hz 010000 - 450000 packed BCD 6 digits...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Byte # Description Units Range Type Format 1 (with Artist) Printer Output, P2 0 (none) packed BCD 2 digits 1 (b/w) 2 (color)
Page 272
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Each Frequency Group contains a 6-byte PRELUDE and a single height profile of a variable length. 5:155. Table 5C-39 summarizes the possible settings of Frequency Group lengths depending on the number of heights selected by the operator.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 5:158. Table 5C- 42: RSF PRELUDE Byte Organization Byte # Description Units Range Accuracy Precision Type Format high Polarization 3 (O) BCD nibble...
Page 274
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5C- 44: Length of the SBF Frequency Groups Depending on Ionogram Settings NUMBER OF HEIGHTS NUMBER OF FREQUENCY NUMBER OF RANGE...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 5:164. Table 5C- 47: SBF PRELUDE Organization Byte # Description Units Range Accuracy Precision Type Format 1 high Polarization 3 (O) BCD nibble...
Page 276
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5C- 48: DFT File Structure Block Byte Count Data Description Count Record Type 10 (hex) fixed 2-128 * 8-bit amplitude spectra (as log-amplitudes in 3/8 dB units) with...
Page 277
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 5C-50: Drift Data Specification Item # Description Units Range Accuracy Precision Type Format 1, 2 Year years 0-99 4-bit BCD 2 digits...
Page 278
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Item # Description Units Range Accuracy Precision Type Format 38 Bottom Height, B 100 km 0 to 15 100 km 100 km...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 LEGACY SCIENCE DATA FORMATS: SAO The SAO v 4.3 format description can be found publicly at 5:171. http://ulcar.uml.edu/~iag/SAO-4.3.htm SCIENCE DATA FORMATS: SAO.XML 5.0 The SAO.XML v 5.0 format description can be found publicly at...
Page 280
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 6 MAINTENANCE _______________________________________________________________________________ SECTION CONTENTS Page SECTION 6 CHAPTER 1 _ SYSTEM MAINTENANCE FEATURES ............... 6-3 MAINTENANCE CHARACTERISTICS ...................... 6-3 PHYSICAL AND ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS .................. 6-3 SYSTEM POWER ............................
Page 281
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 List of Figures Figure 6-1: Power Management (Connections) Figure 6-2: Power Management (System Power) Figure 6-3: Power Management (BIT Card Interface) Figure 6-4: Internal Power Dependency...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 CHAPTER 1 SYSTEM MAINTENANCE FEATURES MAINTENANCE CHARACTERISTICS The Digisonde Portable Sounder and associated sub-systems have been designed to provide high relia- ®...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 POWER MANAGEMENT Figure 6-1: Power Management (Connections) SECTION 6 - MAINTENANCE...
Page 284
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 6-2: Power Management (System Power) Figure 6-3: Power Management (BIT Card Interface) SECTION 6 - MAINTENANCE...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 6-4: Internal Power Dependency The sounder is protected by a 7.5 A circuit breaker in the main chassis, and a 30 A fuse in the power 6:4.
Page 286
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 FRONT PANEL CONNECTORS AND CONTROLS The functions of and circuit references for the front panel coaxial connectors and controls are listed in 6:6.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 To remove the RF chassis foam filters: 6:10. Pull the RF Amp chassis fully forward or remove it entirely (see section 6:75).
Page 288
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 6-6: CCEQ Program Verify All 4 channels work in “internal loopback”. 6:19. Create/find the following “Sounding Mode” “Internal Loopback” program: (name it TRKR Test) 6:20.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 6-8: Ensure all 4 channels behave similarly as shown OOSCILLATOR ADJUSTMENT OR TUNING The following is an excerpt from the document “DPS-4D Transmitter Oscillator Testing and Tuning Procedure”...
Page 290
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Click in the upper left to put the system in Manual / Diagnostic mode. 6:31. STOP Within the DCART tab create the following program 6:32.
Page 291
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 6-10: 2 second duration schedule Navigate to DCART tab and make a record of the cur- 6:35. EDITED PROGSCHED / SST, Rules, Campaigns rently running schedules and their rules.
Page 292
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 once every two seconds, emanating from the speaker in the transceiver chassis. Normally, when running a measurement the system will emit a tone as the system is transmitting continuously. Since the system is trans- mitting only once every two seconds you will only hear noise (a click) once every two seconds.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Once you have entered a new value in the data2 field, press Enter to make “Apply” active at the bottom 6:49. of the window. Then click “Apply” to accept the new Data2 value.
Page 294
DPS4D Data Computer Processor Chassis DPS4D Data Computer CPU Fan Processor Chassis 1960053207N001 PCE-3B03A-00A1E-LDI DPS4D Data Computer Backplane Processor Chassis modified by LDI w/ volt. regulators PCE-1G-01 DPS4D Data Computer Network Processor Chassis Card MZ-75E500B/AM DPS4D SSD for Data Platform Processor Chassis...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 BUILT-IN TEST: PERIODIC SELF-DIAGNOSTICS The Built-In Test diagnostic system is comprised of a set of hardware sensors, a BIT card with a micro- 6:58.
Page 296
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 6-12: BIT Sensor Locations SECTION 6 - 6-17 MAINTENANCE...
Page 297
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 6-13: BIT Case 1 – External Loopback resulting signal path is shown Figure 6-14: BIT Case 2 – Internal Loopback resulting signal path is shown...
Page 298
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 6-15: BIT Case 3 – Internal Loopback (Without Trackers) resulting signal path is shown Figure 6-16: BIT Case 4 – Transmission into Dummy Loads...
Page 299
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 BIT is a program that has to be scheduled (see Figure 6-17). It should be included in the routine sound- 6:65. ing schedule. It can also be manually run in “Diagnostic” mode from the DCART’s Program screen. BIT data can be viewed in two forms: a Built-In Test display and a BIT Report.
Page 300
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 6-18: Built-In Test Display Figure 6-19: Built-In Test Report SECTION 6 - 6-21 MAINTENANCE...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 CHAPTER 2 REPLACEMENT OF MODULES ACCESSING OR REPLACING LRM’S IN THE DPS MAIN CHASSIS. NOTE: A ground strap should be worn when handling LRM’s to avoid damaging...
Page 302
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Power Distribution card. 6:69. Press slide lock button on right hand side of chassis and push the slide toward the rear of the chassis until the inner part of the slide is disengaged.
Page 303
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 6-21: Data Computer PCE-4129 Figure 6-22: Data Computer RS485 Daughter Board PCA-COM485-00A1E 6-24 SECTION 6 - MAINTENANCE...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 6-23: Computer Connections to Processor Chassis Rear Panel PCE-1G-01 Network Card 6:73. Locate the network card in the DPS Chassis (see Figure 6-20).
Page 305
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 6-5: BIT Faults of the Dual Power Amplifier Chassis BIT Sensor Condition Remarks Fault NO-GO NO-GO +18V NO-GO Amp Temp NO-G0 Thermal protection shutoff, threshold adjustable in StationSpecific.udd...
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 ANTENNA SUB-SYSTEMS Table 6-6 lists BIT faults (refer to Built-In Test Display Figure, Figure 6-18) pertaining to the Receive 6:76. and Transmit Antenna sub-systems.
Digisonde operations require a fully functional Data platform. It is unusual that the Data Computer 6:82. boots successfully but is then unable to start necessary LDI software DCART and Dispatcher. For that reason, it is overwhelmingly the case if DCART and Dispatcher software programs run that the Data Computer is func- tioning normally.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 If the Control Computer does not beep (signifying successful Power On Self Test or POST) and there is 6:92. no video output once a monitor is connected (It may be necessary to Restart the Control Computer as described in 6:85.) then it is suggested to replace the Control Computer with a spare.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 6-25: Power Distribution Card Showing Locations to Measure Output Voltages TROUBLESHOOTING THE RF POWER AMPLIFIER MODULE Special Test Equipment: 100MHz Oscilloscope...
Page 310
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 (see procedure below). Since much larger signals are fed to the output stage it is somewhat self-biasing and does not need a high bias level.
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 ANNEX A PHYSICAL AND ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Table 6A- 1: Physical and Electrical Attributtes SYSTEM ASSEMBLY VOLTS (V) CURRENT (A) POWER (W) WEIGHT (KG) Digital Transmitter Card 0.11...
Page 312
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Table 6A-2 Critical Dimensions HEIGHT (MM) WIDTH (MM) DEPTH (MM) WEIGHT(KG) Enclosure Assembly 30.65 Chassis Assembly 482.5 13.56 RF Amp Chassis Assembly 133.5...
Page 314
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 SECTION 7 Computer Upgrade Hardware Refresh Installation Instructions _______________________________________________________________________________ SECTION CONTENTS Page SECTION 7 HARDWARE REFRESH INSTALL INSTRUCTIONS ................7-2 APPENDIX 1. HARDWARE REFRESH KIT PACKING LIST ..............7-7...
Page 315
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 HARDWARE REFRESH INSTALL INSTRUCTIONS These instructions have been validated with a current production DPS4D. There may be some minor 7:1. variations pertaining to older DPS4Ds which will require small changes. These instructions do not go into ex- haustive detail as it is assumed that the personnel performing these upgrades will have some familiarity with the DPS4D hardware as well as some basic hands on electrical/computer engineering experience.
Page 316
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 d. Disconnect two USB cables from USB ports on rear panel of chassis. 5. Move the metal connector strip bracket with two Control computer USB ports at...
Page 317
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 press the 3.5 in. to 5.25 in. drive adapter down firmly. It may be necessary to elongate the 4 screw holes in the drive stack with a small rat tail file. Tighten all 8 screws.
Page 318
SATA data from DVD to SATA1 (upper right in cluster looking at PCE-4129 card) iii. Not really necessary since LDI doesn’t envision its use but one of the original SATA data cables could be used to connect SATA2 on the SSD rack to SATA2 (lower right in cluster looking at PCE-4129 card) j.
Page 319
Save as “User Defaults”. Not sure what the benefit of this might be. iii. Exit 14. Reboot and Logon as DPS4D-operator. Password “operator” as provided by LDI. This password should be changed to something more secure as soon as possible.
Page 320
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 18. Shut down Linux, click upper right of Desktop, Power off and Power on. Repeat steps 14., 15., 16., and 17. (Make the numbering of these steps linked to the actual steps.)
Page 321
DIGISONDE-4D LDI Intellectual Property. SYSTEM MANUAL Not for secondary distribution or replication, in part or entirety. VERSION 1.2.11 Figure 7:1: Rear Panel Photo SECTION 7 – HARDWARE REFRESH...
Need help?
Do you have a question about the DIGISONDE 4D and is the answer not in the manual?
Questions and answers