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NTL LC 200 Instruction Manual

Laptop computer hardware
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LC 200:
L
C
H
APTOP
OMPUTER
ARDWARE
V
5.1.7.20
ERSION

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Summary of Contents for NTL LC 200

  • Page 1 LC 200: APTOP OMPUTER ARDWARE 5.1.7.20 ERSION...
  • Page 2 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Copyright © 2020 National Technology Learning, LLC. All Rights Reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means (electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior written permission of National Technology Learning, LLC.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware LESSON ONE: HARDWARE COMPONENTS ................4 ..................................4 BJECTIVES ..............................4 APTOP OMPONENTS ..........................5 OBILE OMPUTING OMPONENTS ..................................... 8 ORTS ..............................13 YSTEM ISASSEMBLY ....................................14 LESSON TWO: POWER AND STORAGE ................15 .................................. 15 BJECTIVES ..............................

  • Page 4: Lesson One: Hardware Components

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Lesson One: Hardware components Objectives Upon completing this lesson, you will be able to: • Recognize the different components of a Laptop computer • Know how to disassemble and reassemble a laptop computer • Know the different configurations of laptop motherboards •...

  • Page 5: Mobile Computing Components

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Software (also known as programs or applications) is installed on your laptop hard drive, which resides in the laptop casing. Here are a few basics about software: • You use software to get your work done, run entertainment programs, and browse the Internet.
  • Page 6 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Unlike a desktop board that usually has several slots for expansion cards (3 to 7 are common), a board for a small, highly integrated laptop may have no expansion slots at all, with all the functionality implemented on the motherboard itself;...
  • Page 7 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware SODIMM memory module (RAM): SO-DIMM memory modules that are usually found in laptops are about half the size of desktop DIMMs. They may be accessible from the bottom of the laptop for ease of upgrading, or placed in locations not intended for user replacement such as between the keyboard and the motherboard.

  • Page 8: Ports

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Battery: Current laptops utilize lithium ion batteries, with more recent models using the new lithium polymer technology. These two technologies have largely replaced the older nickel metal-hydride batteries. Typical battery life for standard laptops is two to five hours of light-duty use, but may drop to as little as one hour or less when doing power-intensive tasks.
  • Page 9 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware we've assembled a comprehensive list of ports, along with the type and cost of adapters you will need to use if you do not have the right connectors on built-in. 3.5mm Audio Jack Also Known As: Headphone jack
Description: The most common audio jack in the world, the 3.5mm audio jack appears on most computers, tablets and phones, and connects to the majority of the world's wired headphones and speakers.
  • Page 10 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware you cannot output to dual displays from a single port. HDMI sends audio along with its video, so if your monitor or TV has speakers, you will get sound. If your computer has HDMI-out and your external display has DVI, you can convert from one to the other with an adapter that costs less than $10.
  • Page 11 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Also Known As: 3-in-1 card reader, 4-in-1 card reader, 5-in-1 card reader, SDHC card reader Description: This is a slot that you can use to read the memory cards from a digital camera. If you frequently transfer pictures from a DSLR or mirrorless camera to your laptop or desktop, having a built-in reader is a huge convenience.
  • Page 12 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware USB Type-C Also Known As: USB-C Description: This slim USB port is the connector of the future, already available on a number of devices and likely to replace USB Type-A, USB Type-B and microUSB on all new systems in the near future.

  • Page 13: System Disassembly

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Thunderbolt 3-to-Thunderbolt adapter for attaching to legacy Thunderbolt devices is pricey, going for over $100. Description: The great granddad of video outputs, VGA (video graphics array) dates all the way back to 1987 but is still commonplace on many monitors and projectors today. However, because the 15-pin connector is rather chunky, you won't find too many current-gen laptops or desktops that have VGA-out.

  • Page 14: Lab

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Check out the following websites: http://www.motherboards.org/ http://www.howstuffworks.com/motherboard.htm http://www.laptopuniverse.com/products/motherboards.shtml http://www.excelcomputerinc.com/html/xlsearchmainboards.asp http://www.irisvista.com/tech/index.htm Questions: 1. True or False – Laptop computers use the same exact components as Desktop computers. 2. True or False – All laptops will disassemble in the same way.

  • Page 15: Lesson Two: Power And Storage

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Lesson Two: Power and Storage Objectives Upon completing this lesson, you will be able to: • Recognize different battery designs of Laptop computers • Recognize different AC Power designs of Laptop computers • Know how to repair or replace batteries or AC Power adapters...

  • Page 16: Lithium Polymer Batteries

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware problems, notably the grounding of the Boeing 787 fleet after onboard battery fires were reported. Because of the risks associated with these batteries, several shipping companies refuse to perform bulk shipments of batteries by plane. Li-ion batteries require safety mechanisms to limit voltage and internal pressures, which can increase weight and limit performance in some cases.

  • Page 17: Lithium-Ion Vs Lithium-Polymer: What Is The Difference

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware LiPo cells are affected by the same problems as other lithium-ion cells. This means that overcharge, over-discharge, over-temperature, short circuit, crush and nail penetration may all result in a catastrophic failure, including the pouch rupturing, the electrolyte leaking, and fire.

  • Page 18: Making A Charge Last Longer

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Although I should stress this is exceedingly rare. Electronic controllers are often used to regulate charging and discharge power to prevent overheating. How do lithium-polymer batteries work? Lithium-polymer battery technology is newer than lithium-ion. It did not appear on the scene until the 1970s and has only made its way into smartphones much more recently.
  • Page 19 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware You can customize when Windows automatically enables battery saver from Settings > System > Battery. Reduce Your Display’s Brightness The biggest battery drain on any modern portable electronic device—whether it is a laptop, smartphone, or tablet—is the display. Reducing your screen’s brightness is a simple way to squeeze significantly more time from your laptop’s battery.
  • Page 20 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware On Windows 7, you can launch the Windows Mobility Center by pressing Windows + X and use it to quickly adjust brightness. Check Which Applications Are Using the Most Battery on Windows 10 Windows 10 allows you to see which applications are draining your battery the most. It does this by tracking CPU usage over time, then listing which programs are using the most power.
  • Page 21 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware On Windows 7, head to Control Panel > Hardware and Sound > Power Options and adjust the “Turn off the display” and “Put the computer to sleep” options. Disable Bluetooth and Other Hardware Devices Hardware devices you do not use can also waste battery power for no good reason. For example, if you never use any Bluetooth accessories with your laptop, you can turn off the Bluetooth hardware radio to eke out some more battery life.
  • Page 22 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware On Windows 7, look for a hotkey or option provided by your laptop manufacturer. There is no convenient toggle to disable Bluetooth built into Windows 7. You may also want to disable Wi-Fi if you are working offline somewhere where there is not Internet access.
  • Page 23 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware To modify advanced power options, click the Change plan settings > Change advanced power settings here. You can change a variety of settings from the Power Options window that appears, including configuring your laptop to power off its hard drive more quickly and telling your computer to slow down the processor rather than turning on the fan if it becomes hot.
  • Page 24 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware On Windows 7, open the Control Panel, type “troubleshooting” into the search box at the top right corner, and click Troubleshooting > View All > Power. Windows will look for common issues and automatically fix them. This is a quick way to check if a laptop’s settings are optimal without digging through many different options dialogs.
  • Page 25 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware • Do not use a screensaver. They are unnecessary on modern displays and will drain your battery to do nothing useful when your display could be off and saving power. • Run fewer programs in the background. Examine your system tray for programs you do not need and uninstall them or disable them and prevent them from automatically starting with your computer.

  • Page 26: Power Adapters

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware If you will just be putting your computer aside from a few minutes, you should use sleep instead of hibernating. When you hibernate, the computer has to use power to save its state to disk and then restore it from disk when it starts back up again, so it does not make sense to hibernate the computer unless you won’t be using it for a while.
  • Page 27 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware The adapter is the small, heavy black box connected to the cables between the laptop and wall outlet when charging the laptop battery. These devices are what make it possible for the laptop to use the AC power from a standard wall outlet.

  • Page 28: Laptop Hard Drive Guide

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware About Amperage Amperage, also known as current, is what gives the laptop enough power to run. It is the amount of electrical energy that flows into the laptop at any single moment. Laptops need the right amount of consistent energy flow to power all the circuits within the device.
  • Page 29 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware As can be seen in the picture above, the desktop hard drive consists of the following components: the head actuator, read/write actuator arm, read/write head, spindle, and platter. On the back of a hard drive is a circuit board called the disk controller or interface board and is what allows the hard drive to communicate with the computer.

  • Page 30: Removable Storage

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Although most hard drives are internal, there are also stand-alone devices called external hard drives, which can backup data on computers and expand the available disk space. External drives are often stored in an enclosure that helps protect the drive and allows it to interface with the computer, usually over USB or eSATA.
  • Page 31 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware home computers had their primary OS kernels stored permanently in on-board ROM chips, but stored the disk operating system on a floppy, whether it be a proprietary system, CP/M, or, later, DOS. By the early 1990s, the increasing size of software meant that many programs were distributed on sets of floppies.
  • Page 32 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware 100,000 write/erase cycles, depending on the exact type of memory chip used, and have a 10-year shelf storage time. USB flash drives are often used for the same purposes for which floppy disks or CDs were used, i.e., for storage, data back-up and transfer of computer files.

  • Page 33: Lab

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Questions: 1. True or False – All laptop batteries use the same technology. 2. True or False – All laptop batteries can be removed in the same way from the laptop. 3. True or False – NiCd batteries have a memory.

  • Page 34: Lesson Three: Networking And Communication

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Lesson Three: Networking and Communication Objectives Upon completing this lesson, you will be able to: • Recognize the different ways to network a laptop computer to other computers • Know how to troubleshoot networking problems.

  • Page 35: Bluetooth

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware different rooms to efficiently share a broadband Internet connection, helps people to more easily share their files and printers within the network, and improves overall network security. Home networks have increased in capability with each generation of new technology.

  • Page 36: What Uses Bluetooth

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Where Wi-Fi operates asymmetrically (with a singular access point and multiple devices) Bluetooth typically works symmetrically, with one Bluetooth device connecting to another. Although up to eight devices can be connected on a single personal area network (PAN), in the case of smartphones, it typically means connecting two handsets together for file transfers, or one smartphone and a Bluetooth speaker.

  • Page 37: Wi-Fi

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Arguably the biggest upgrade with the fourth generation of Bluetooth though, came with the 4.2 iteration: Bluetooth Low Energy. Today most smartphones around the world support the standard and it allows for similar coverage and similar bandwidth while making big reductions in power requirements for data transmission —...
  • Page 38 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware avoidance (CSMA/CA). Also, they have support for both centralized base stations based as well as ad hoc networks. IEEE 802.11 was the original version released in 1997. It provided 1 Mbps or 2 Mbps data rates in the 2.4 GHz band and used either frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) or direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS).

  • Page 39: Wireless Security Protocols

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware OFDM symbol is 3.2 microseconds, and for 802.11ax it is 12.8 microseconds (both without guard intervals). Wireless Security Protocols WiFi security algorithms have been through many changes and upgrades since the 1990s to become more secure and effective. Different types of wireless security protocols were developed for home wireless networks protection.
  • Page 40 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware WPA/WPA2 secured network through this hole will take anywhere around 2 to 14 hours it is still a real security issue and WPS should be disabled and it would be good if the access point firmware could be reset to a distribution not supporting WPS to entirely exclude this attack vector.

  • Page 41: Troubleshooting Wifi

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Safer Connections When WPA2 came along in 2004, the Internet of Things had not yet become anything close to the all- consuming security horror that is its present-day hallmark. No wonder, then, that WPA2 offered no streamlined way to safely onboard these devices to an existing Wi-Fi network.
  • Page 42 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Despite faster speeds reaching most homes around the globe, wireless (and often wired) networks can get bogged down. If your Internet connection is still working but the speeds are slower than normal, there is usually a logical explanation that can usually be fixed.

  • Page 43: 10 Easy Ways To Speed Up Your Wi-Fi

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Fix: Not much you can do here. You can go to the nearest coffee shop or get on the phone with your Internet service provider (ISP) and let them know you are affected. Sadly, this usually won't do much to speed up the recovery time, but it can help the ISP know more about which areas are affected by an outage.
  • Page 44 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Only share this password with people you trust to be on your network. Switch to 5GHz A problem you may not have previously considered is the frequency your router operates on. If you simply pulled it out of the box, installed it and never looked back, you probably grazed over the dropdown box that let you choose between 2.4GHz and 5GHz.

  • Page 45: Lab

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware 1. Access the Help menu of Windows. 2. Type into the search area: Network Troubleshooting and click the green arrow to do the search. 3. On the left side of the screen see what items appear. One should be error messages. Click on that and read through some of the error messages that appear and how Windows suggests dealing with the error.

  • Page 46: Lesson Four: Maintenance

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Lesson Four: Maintenance Objectives Upon completing this lesson, you will be able to: • Know how to properly maintain a Laptop computer How to Take Good Care of Your Laptop Computer It is important that you take good care of your laptop to keep it working well. Following these easy steps will ensure that your laptop lasts longer and requires less maintenance.
  • Page 47 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware could damage the sockets, making it impossible to use them again. It is very important to observe this step. 12. Handle any removable drives with care. CD drives that have been removed from your laptop could easily be crushed or dropped;...

  • Page 48: Maintenance Checklist

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware 28. If possible do a clean install of the operating system you use once every 2 to 3 years. This will really help the laptop to start from the scratch and maintain everything in a very organised and effective manner.

  • Page 49: Backing Up The System

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware • Check for and install any updated drivers for the video, sound, modem, and other devices. • Check for and install any operating system updates. • Clean the system, including the LCD screen, keyboard, and especially the cooling vents.
  • Page 50 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Search for "backup" in Windows to find the backup tool. In Windows, that means clicking the Start button, then typing in "backup" in the search box, and clicking on "Backup and Restore." In Windows, you can just start typing "backup"...

  • Page 51: How To Restore Files From A Backup

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware deleted files in the Recycle Bin, or temp files with a size of 1GB or more.) If you choose what to back up yourself, you can select specific folders to include or exclude and can select the option to create an image of your drive.
  • Page 52 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware 1 Open the Windows backup and restore tool s before, search for "backup" to open the Backup and Restore tool or the File History tool. Then click on the "Restore personal files" link in the left pane in the File History window or the "Restore my files" button in the Backup and Restore window.

  • Page 53: How To Create A Complete, Full-System Backup Of Your Computer In Windows

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware 4 Confirm the backup settings and create a system repair disk If everything looks good, click the "Start backup" button to create the system image. At the end of the backup process, Windows will ask you if you want to create a system repair disk on a CD or DVD. This will help you boot your computer and recover Windows from a serious error, so you should go ahead and say yes to creating the repair disk.
  • Page 54 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware network location, Windows will warn you that the backed-up data "cannot be securely protected for a network target." That just means that other users who have access to the location could access your system image (so only save the image to a network location when you trust everyone who has access to it).

  • Page 55: Physically Cleaning A System

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Finally, in the Advanced options screen, click the "System Image Recovery" option or the "Use a system image you created earlier to recover your computer" option and follow the prompts to select the system image and do a full-system restore.
  • Page 56 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Questions: 1. What are some things that you should not do to laptops? 2. What are some passive maintenance things that you should consider to keep your laptop working? 3. What are some active maintenance things that you should consider to keep your laptop working? 4.

  • Page 57: Lesson Five: Troubleshooting

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Lesson Five: Troubleshooting Objectives Upon completing this lesson, you will be able to: • Identify the BIOS • Identify some common problems with the BIOS • Identify some common problems with Laptop computers • Troubleshoot & fix some common problems with Laptop computers...
  • Page 58 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware tapping the lid switch a few times to see if you can turn on the screen backlight. If that does not help, then replace the FL inverter board. Laptop LCD screen is solid white color or garbled Connect an external computer monitor to the laptop.

  • Page 59: Troubleshoot Problems With An App

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware problem. Look to see if the Laptops BIOS is configured to suspend the computer, and how it compares with the value configured in Windows. In most cases let Windows control the power management. Troubleshoot problems with an app In many cases, the Windows Store will automatically notify you if there’s a problem with an app and try to...

  • Page 60: Troubleshoot Problems In Windows

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware 3. Scroll to the Details section of the app's description page, and then tap or click the support link for the app under Learn more. The link will open an email message for you to contact support or will take you to a support website.
  • Page 61 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware The Settings interface does not list every available troubleshooter. For example, it omits the Background Intelligent Transfer service, Windows Media Player DVD, Windows Media Player Library, and Windows Media Player Settings troubleshooters. These are still available if you need them—they’re just buried in the Control Panel. To find them, open the Control Panel, type “Troubleshoot”...
  • Page 62 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Transfer Service, which Windows Update and some other services use for background downloads. Hardware and Devices: Checks your computer for issues with hardware devices. If a hardware device–particularly a recently installed one–is not working properly, this troubleshooter can find and fix problems with hardware detection and drivers.
  • Page 63 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware To run a troubleshooter, just click it in the Troubleshooting pane. To quickly find a relevant troubleshooter, you can perform a search from the Troubleshooting window. The troubleshooter will launch after you click it. Just click “Next” to begin troubleshooting.
  • Page 64 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware While most troubleshooters run automatically, some troubleshooters will give you options you need to click. For example, the Program Compatibility troubleshooter will walk you through choosing a program that is not working properly and changing its compatibility settings. The Incoming Connections troubleshooter will ask you what you are trying to do so it know what type of incoming connection to troubleshoot.

  • Page 65: Access Boot Options Menu

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware That’s about it. There is not a troubleshooter for every issue you will encounter, and the troubleshooters that do exist won’t be able to fix every problem. But troubleshooters are a good place to start when you encounter a problem with something.
  • Page 66 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware You can choose to Refresh your PC, Reset your PC, or access Advanced options. The options pictured below are available on the Advanced options menu. To change how Windows starts up, such as booting into safe mode, click Startup Settings.
  • Page 67 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware When your PC restarts, the Startup Settings menu displays. Select an option using the number keys or the function keys F1-F9. There is one additional option accessible by pressing F10. If you decided you do not want to use any of these options, you can boot normally by pressing Enter.
  • Page 68 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Through Settings in Windows 10 The first and primary method is through the Settings. This would be the Start Menu -> Settings button. Open up Settings and go to Update and Security, and then choose Recovery on the left menu. From here you can choose the Advanced Startup option.
  • Page 69 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware A message displays in the middle of the screen warning you that you are about to be signed off. Windows will reboot automatically. Windows 8 now includes the “automatic restart after failure” feature, which detects whether the OS loaded successfully, If not, the system automatically reboots into the boot options menu, allowing you to access the troubleshooting options.
  • Page 70 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Troubleshoot The Troubleshoot screen provides easy access to the Refresh and Reset your PC options. This is particularly useful if you want to refresh or reset your PC, but cannot get into Windows. • Refresh your PC: Refreshing your PC restores its system software to its factory state without deleting your files or installed Modern apps.
  • Page 71 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware • System Restore: Restore your computer to an earlier restore point. This is the same as using System Restore within Windows. However, if Windows 8 cannot boot, it may boot properly after you restore your PC to a working state.

  • Page 72: Lab

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware You can solve some computer problems by checking a drive or drives for errors. For example, you can check your computer's primary hard disk to fix some performance issues, or you can check an external hard drive if it is not working properly.

  • Page 73: Lesson Six: Laptop Accessories & Upgrading

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Lesson Six: Laptop Accessories & Upgrading Objectives Upon completing this lesson, you will be able to: • Recognize different types of accessories on the market for laptops and what their uses are • Recognize what upgrades are possible on a laptop computer •...
  • Page 74 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware A USB/Bluetooth Mouse Another crucial laptop accessory is a mouse. Whether you prefer a wired or a wireless one, is completely up to you. A laptop’s mouse pad, let’s face it, does not provide the comfort and ease of working with an actual mouse. An external mouse makes computing much easier and an effortless task.
  • Page 75 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Cleaner Tool Kit Your laptop has various tricky areas where cleaning is not possible. That results in accumulation of dust and dirt with time. It is important to keep your laptop neat and clean to ensure long life and optimum performance and that’s why you must consider...
  • Page 76 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Headsets are also a good option, but you cannot enjoy music with other people with headsets and that’s what makes Bluetooth speakers a cool accessory to have. Some of the best portable speakers you can buy are offered by JBL, Bose and Beats Audio.

  • Page 77: Upgrading

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Upgrading Laptops are not as easy to upgrade as desktop PCs. In fact, newer laptops are becoming harder to upgrade — but you still may be able to upgrade your laptop with more RAM or a solid-state drive.
  • Page 78 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware may have to remove a warranty-voiding sticker to get inside. The manufacturer may look for evidence you’ve tampered inside your laptop if you ever send it back. They’ll want to deny your warranty claim if they find any evidence you could have caused the problem. In theory, the manufacturer should have to honor the warranty whether you’ve opened the laptop or not if the...
  • Page 79 LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Do Your Research So, can you upgrade your laptop’s RAM or install a fast solid-state drive? Do your research! Look around online to see if your model of laptop is easily upgradable and if other people have upgraded its components successfully.

  • Page 80: Lab

    LC 200: Laptop Computer Hardware Questions: 1. Name at least 4 accessories available for laptop computers? 2. What are the upgradeable components of a laptop? 3. What are some problems with upgrading laptops? 4. Is upgrading a laptop easy? Page 80...

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