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Wavetek 4040D Operation Manual

Advanced hfc signal analysis meter
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OPERATION MANUAL
MODEL 4040D
ADVANCED HFC
SIGNAL ANALYSIS METER
This document contains information proprietary to
Wavetek Wandel & Goltermann. The information in this document
is not to be used or duplicated in any manner without
the prior approval, in writing, of Wavetek Wandel & Goltermann.
Wavetek
CATV Division
5808 Churchman Bypass
Indianapolis, IN 46203-6109
(800)851-1198
(317)788-5960
Fax: (317)782-4607
E-Mail: catvsupport@wavetek.com
www.wavetek.com
4/99 Rev. B
Manual Part No.
6510-00-0434

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  • Page 1 This document contains information proprietary to Wavetek Wandel & Goltermann. The information in this document is not to be used or duplicated in any manner without the prior approval, in writing, of Wavetek Wandel & Goltermann. Wavetek CATV Division 5808 Churchman Bypass...
  • Page 2 This warranty is not transferrable and does not apply to used or demonstration products. The obligation of Wavetek arising from a Warranty claim shall be limited to repairing, or at its option, replacing without charge, any assembly or component (except batteries) which in Wavetek’s sole opinion proves to be defective within the scope of the Warranty.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 General................... 1-1 1.2 SAM4040D: More than an SLM..........1-2 1.3 New Features and Benefits in SAM4040D......1-2 1.4 About the Manual.................1-4 CHAPTER 2: QUICK START 2.1 General....................2-1 2.2 Quick Troubleshooting.............. 2-5 2.3 Technical Support................2-5 CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 3.1 General...................
  • Page 4 CHAPTER 5: REVERSE PATH TROUBLESHOOT- 5.1 General .................. 5-1 5.1 What are the Problems in Advanced Services ..... 5-2 5.2 Evaluating TDMA Return Path Signals ......5-6 CHAPTER 6: SPECTRUM ANALYZER MODE 6.1 Introduction ................6-1 6.2 Spectrum Mode ..............6-2 CHAPTER 7: AUTOMATIC TEST 7.1 Introduction ................
  • Page 5 9.4 Battery Terminal Cleaning........... 9-1 9.4 Cleaning the Instrument............9-2 9.5 Annual Calibration..............9-2 CHAPTER 10: CHANNEL PLANS 10.1 Introduction................10-1 10.2 Working with a Channel Plan..........10-1 10.3 Setting Channel Plan Parameters.........10-3 APPENDIX A: SPECIFICATIONS....A-1 APPENDIX B: GLOSSARY......B-1...

  • Page 6: Chapter 1: Introduction

    (C/N) ratio, depth of modulation, and other general performance characteristics. Wavetek offers upgrade paths to current owners of SAM4040 units to step their units up to SAM4040D functionality. SAM4040 and SAM4040D units are...

  • Page 7: Sam4040D: More Than An Slm

    LCD shows measurement data in both graphical and numerical formats. A new extended life battery (4-5 hours typical) is standard in SAM 4040D. This new battery is compatible with existing SAM 4040 and Stealth Sweep receiver units. Existing StealthTrak and 3SR/V/T batteries can be used in SAM 4040D.
  • Page 8 Wavetek offers current Stealth customers upgrade paths for units already purchased. The benefits of these new features are as follows: Quickly find entry points for ingress and noise • Fast peak detection circuits see ingress from even transient noise sources •...

  • Page 9: About The Manual

    ABOUT THE MANUAL This SAM 4040D Operation Manual gives you all the information required to use SAM 4040D efficiently in CATV maintenance, presented as in the following listing of chapters. Chapters 1-3: Introduces the SAM 4040D SLM and explains how to use the manual to best advantage.

  • Page 10: General

    ',%48)6  59-'/ 78%68 GENERAL Unpacking and Installation The SAM 4040D SLM was inspected and given thorough final operational and quality control tests prior to being carefully packaged for shipment. The SLM should operate in accordance with the specifications listed in this manual. If it does not, please contact Wavetek Technical Support (800)-851-1198.
  • Page 11 Press, on the keypad, Freq and Chan to change display views. SAM 4040D offers several different level displays optimized to many of the day-to-day tasks in maintaining your cable system: Level Measurement Mode allows detailed display about a single channel.
  • Page 12 Carrier-to-Noise is measured using an advanced ‘quiet line’ algorithm. The SAM 4040D meter searches for a line of video with no active signal (This typically happens on one or more lines during vertical sync of an analog video channel).
  • Page 13 In the remainder of the cascade, attach to a desired test point. The SAM 4040D will scan through the start and stop frequencies you program and measure the carriers in the field, computing and displaying the normalized values.

  • Page 14: Quick Troubleshooting

    ‘patch’ the SAM 4040D are bad or wrong. TECHNICAL SUPPORT We've worked hard to make the SAM 4040D as easy-to-use as possible. If you have a problem using your receiver, contact Wavetek's Technical Support for help. You can reach Wavetek's Technical Support, Monday through Friday between 8 AM and 5 PM (U.S.A.

  • Page 15: Chapter 3: System Description And Operation

    CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION GENERAL USER INTERFACE ELEMENTS There are two major methods to control the SAM 4040D: • The Navigator • The traditional key controls ∫* The Navigator is displayed at any time by pressing Title Bar Time/Date &...
  • Page 16 Soft keys. Note that index or arrow keys can be quick guide) cloned and displayed for one- hand convenience Support Keys Measurement Mode Keys Up/Down Arrow Keys Alpha Numeric Keypad Enter Key Function Key Figure 3-2: SAM 4040D Key Functions...
  • Page 17 Measurement Mode Keys Measurement modes of the SAM 4040D are activated by pressing one of the eight keys positioned below the LCD. Chapters 4 through 11 describe these modes, particularly sweep and spectrum analysis...
  • Page 18 • Press SCAN to see absolute carrier levels on a bar graph. All carriers are displayed. • Press SWEEP to test CATV system frequency response using Wavetek’s Sweepless® Sweep tool. • Press C/N to measure the carrier-to-noise ratio in dB on the tuned channel or frequency, at a preset frequency offset above the video carrier.
  • Page 19 Alpha Numeric Keypad The standard keypad is augmented with green colored functions. These are selected or activated by first pressing the green button at the lower right of the keypad, followed by the desired function. Use the alphanumeric keys as follows: •...

  • Page 20: Printing Measurements And Files

    These three cables are different. Pin-outs and connector types are available by calling Factory Support. SYSTEM MODES OF OPERATION The SAM 4040D Sweep System has the following modes of operation: Level Measurement SAM 4040D offers several different level displays optimized to many of the day-to-day tasks in maintaining your cable system: •...
  • Page 21 If a transmitter is ‘down’, or if something is blocking the telemetry channel, Sweepless® Sweep can still be used. In Sweepless® Sweep, a SAM 4040D unit measures the stable carrier levels and memorizes them. These...

  • Page 22: Configuring The Sam4040D

    • SAM 4040D also offers the capability to perform these proof-of- performance tests on an automated basis. The user can request a complete battery of tests for any or all channels in the channel plan.

  • Page 23: Global Configuration

    Figure 3-5: CONFIGURE Menu. 3.5.1 Global Configuration Select Global, and enter appropriate information into the twelve items listed. Figure 3-6: GLOBAL Menu...
  • Page 24 Printer. Sets the printer interface. Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys to choose between Diconix, Seiko, IBM, or Epson. The required serial printer configuration is as follows: • Baud rate consistent with SAM 4040D Receiver (recommend 9600 or 19.2K recommended) • 8 data bits •...

  • Page 25: Diagnostics

    For no form feeds, enter zero (0) for the Lines/Page. Baud. The Baud or bit rate establishes the speed of communications between the SAM 4040D receiver and another device. Baud values available are: 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, and 19.2k.

  • Page 26: Measurements Configuration

    automatically sets all parameters to the factory default values after the unit is turned off and on. • Display Test. Allows you to test the operation of the display. Select Display Test and press ↵ENTER. This activates Figure 3- 7, Display Test This test merely checks the on/off properties of the screen.
  • Page 27 • Signal Level Units. Select the units to be used for checking signal power levels (dBmV, dBuV, and dBm). • Test Point Compensation. Insert values in this menu to have the SAM 4040D automatically include compensation levels in readings. •...

  • Page 28: Sweep Configuration

    3.5.4 Sweep Configuration Sweepless® Sweep requires that the following parameters be setup: • Sweep Limit Variable. The Sweep Limit Variable is "X" in the response flatness expression (n/10 + X) used during sweep measurements to compare actual system response to the formula.
  • Page 29 • Highlight the Measurement BW (MHz) line in the Parameters box. • Using the numeric keypad, type the bandwidth of the digital carrier, and then press the ↵Enter button. • Highlight the Enabled line in the Parameters box. Verify that the setting is Yes .

  • Page 30: Soft Icon Guide

    SOFT ICON GUIDE Icon / Description Icon / Description Sweep Enable Amplifier / Low pass Video Enable Filter Sub-Menu Offset Sub-Menu Level Sub-Menu Bandwidth Sub-Menu Noise Scan Enable Frequency Sub-Menu Limit Check Sub-Menu Start Zero Span Enable / Disable Check Limits A or B Marker Toggle Maximum Hold Start CSO/CTB Test...
  • Page 31 Icon / Description Icon / Description Hysteresis Autoscale Video Bandwidth Scan Time Resolution Bandwidth Restart Maximum Hold Demodulation Toggle Measurement Bandwidth Scale Volume Up Return to Last Mode Volume Down Cancel Audio Enable Center Frequency Restart 3-17...
  • Page 32 Icon / Description Icon / Description Desired / Undesired Marker Toggle 120 Hz Filter Low Pass Filter Enable Enable / Disable Log / Linear Toggle Pre-Amp Enable <1KHz Filter Enable Marker to Peak Dwell Span Save This Channel BW Stop Frequency Start Frequency Save BW to All Channels Manual Trigger...

  • Page 33: Chapter 4: Measuring System Performance

    CHAPTER 4: MEASURING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE INTRODUCTION Chapter 4 tells you how to evaluate system performance by measuring key parameters, as part of either routine monitoring or corrective maintenance. Included are: Level, Tilt, Scan, Carrier-to- Noise ratio (C/N), Hum, Modulation-Demodulation, Composite Second Order (CSO) and Composite Triple Beat (CTB).

  • Page 34: Measuring Signal Levels

    Audio for a channel and displays the difference in dB. In Tilt Mode, the difference, or Tilt, refers to the difference in dB between the upper and lower pilot channels. In terms of SAM 4040D setup, measurement configuration parameters for Level, Frequency, and Tilt interact, and are important factors in all three measurements.
  • Page 35 Figure 4-1: Level Mode Display Information displayed in Level mode is as follows: 1. Channel number or frequency 2. Channel label, video carrier frequency, and level (dBmV. Note: can be dBuV—this is a configuration parameter) 3. Audio carrier frequency in MHz and level 4.
  • Page 36 Figure 4-2: Level Mode Display, Specific Frequency Only • Dual audio carrier channels display two audio graphs. • Digital carriers show as noise. Scrambled channels have the same appearance as non-scrambled channels. You must designate scrambled channels in the Edit Channel Plan sub-menu of the Config, Channel menu.

  • Page 37: Tilt Measurement

    Tilt compensation adjusts amplifier frequency/gain response to offset Tilt attenuation. As displayed by a SAM 4040D, Tilt mode shows levels across a band of channels. Tilt appears as the slope between lowest to highest channel.
  • Page 38 Figure 4-3 shows the Tilt display. Use the LO and HI soft keys to select the LO and HI pilot channels for your Tilt adjustment. Use the icons in this menu as follows: The LO or HI icon will darken as either is selected. Pressing this Icon brings up the following three useful functions, then returns the main Tilt Menu.
  • Page 39 adjusted to be as close to the same level. The amplifiers are set up with specified levels for signals at the high and low end of the spectrum, used for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) or Automatic Slope Control (ASC), respectively. In the amplifier balancing process, these signals are measured and adjusted to specification.

  • Page 40: Scan

    SCAN Scan Measurement Mode displays the absolute carrier levels across the part or all of the CATV spectrum. SAM 4040D displays a bar graph showing video and audio levels of carriers within the span of selected frequencies. The narrow vertical marker designates the carrier being measured levels.
  • Page 41 FIGURE 4-4: Scan Mode Scan Measurement includes sub-menus for Level and Tilt, each with adjustments for Freq and limits. • If Tilt compensation is ON, you will see a small version of the tilt icon at in the top center of the screen, and at the bottom-center of the screen Tilt Comp (value ).
  • Page 42 In the Level, FREQ, Tilt, and LIMIT submenus, use the Icons as follows: Level Press to bring up the Level sub-menu, then to return to the Main Scan Menu. Press to use Auto Reference Level Press for manual Reference Level adjustment. Use either numeric keys or up/down arrow keys, then press ↵Enter key.
  • Page 43 Limits Press to bring up the Limit sub-menu, then to return to the main Scan menu. Press to turn Limit ON/OFF. Limit errors are shown as: <CHAN> Adjacent Channel Error VIDEO v Video Level Too High or Low DVA ^ DVA Too High or Low Press to run auto check.
  • Page 44 When an out-of- tolerance condition exists, a set of annunciators will appear below the graph. Updated with each scan update, the annunciators indicate the following out of tolerance conditions: <CHAN> Adjacent Channel Error VIDEO v Video Level Too High or Low DVA ^ DVA Too High or Low You can display an "aggregate"...

  • Page 45: Carrier To Noise

    C/N ratio is computed. CAUTION: If you select C/N Mode before a carrier is available at the input of the SAM 4040D, the readings will be wrong. If this occurs, change to another mode or channel and then return to the channel you want.
  • Page 46 2.5 MHz noise offset for detecting the noise floor, is 25.0 dB above noise. If the result of C/N measurement is outside the specified range, the numerical result will change from black to gray. Use Icons as follows: Amp/Low-Pass. Enter Amplifier/Low-Pass filter sub-menu; return to C/N main menu.
  • Page 47 Figure 4-6: Carrier-to-Noise Measurement NOTE: The US FCC specification for C/N measurements is a bandwidth of 4.000 MHz. CATV organizations outside of the United States may have different requirements. 4-15...

  • Page 48: Hum Measurement

    HUM MEASUREMENT Hum is undesirable modulation of the television video carrier by power line frequencies and harmonics (e.g., 50, 60, 100, 120 Hz), or other low frequency disturbances (FCC limit: < 3%). When using Hum Measurement Mode, the icons at the left of the display screen show the hum test frequencies.
  • Page 49 A proprietary DSP technique enables hum measurements on modulated carriers (non-scrambled channels). SAM 4040D can measure the 1 Hz hum component. To activate this feature, set the fundamental hum frequency in the Config, Measurement screen to 1 Hz. The filter options on the Hum display will then become;...

  • Page 50: Modulation Measurement

    MODULATION MEASUREMENT The MOD Menu allows you to monitor the video depth of modulation in graphical and precise numerical format. The software shows a marker at the optimal modulation level (NTSC 87.5%, PAL 90%) to assist you in making adjustments. Additionally, you can listen to the audio modulation of the tuned channel or frequency.
  • Page 51 In the event of weak or bad signal, the screen displays: ERROR Insufficient Signal Level to perform the measurement For the Audio sub-menu, press the Speaker icon soft key, shown in Figure 4-9. Figure 4-9: Audio Menu Use Icons as follows: ENTER Amplifier/Low-Pass submenu/ return to main Audio sub-menu when appropriate.
  • Page 52 Enable Audio Demodulation (shown disabled) Enable Video modulation measurement (shown enabled) Note the AM/FM indicator in the center of the screen (enabled selection is darkened). 4-20...

  • Page 53: Cso/Ctb Measurement

    NOTE: Wavetek recommends that a < 12 MHz band pass filter be used to limit the amount of intermodulation distortion caused by overload of the RF input of the SAM 4040D. If used, a preamplifier should be placed between the band pass filter and the receiver.
  • Page 54 • Press OK when carrier has been turned OFF • Press 2 to turn the Carrier OFF. After a brief interval, the display at figure 4-11 appears, showing the measurement traces. Figure 4-11: CSO/CTB, Carrier OFF The light trace represents the carrier prior to it being turned off. The dark trace represents the distortion products.
  • Page 55 Using the UP/ DOWN arrow keys, select the CSO Offset number to change. Use the numeric entry keys or the up/down arrow keys to enter a new CSO Offset value. Upon exiting the CSO/CTB measurement, the SAM 4040D prompts you to turn the carrier back on. 4-23...

  • Page 56: Chapter 5: Reverse Path Troubleshooting

    StealthTrak. For future application notes outlining more techniques, please see your local Wavetek CATV sales representative. This table offers some ideas on the best application of StealthTrak’s capabilities to help you solve troubleshooting problems.

  • Page 57: What Are The Problems In Advanced Services

    WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS IN ADVANCED SERVICES? Noise (Ingress) in Return Path Frequencies For two-way systems, ingress and noise are far greater problems in the reverse path than they are in the forward path. The reasons are fairly straightforward: Accumulation of Noise means that problems compound far more quickly than in the forward path.
  • Page 58 F i b e r Fig. 5-2 Customers Affected by Return Path Ingress Source To see how this affects noise floors, think about how much of the network can inject noise that affects a given customer. For forward path signals, the only potential problem areas are the direct path from the customer’s home to the Headend.
  • Page 59 CSO Intermodulation products from forward path signals are stronger in this previously unused band B. What does it take to troubleshoot reverse path problems? Troubleshooting noise in the reverse path is also trickier. It can require five to ten times the time and energy, as well as being infinitely more frustrating: When a certain customer has a problem, there is a much wider area that must be searched to find it.
  • Page 60 What IMPROVES ACCURACY AND REDUCES WASTED TIME in troubleshooting reverse path problems? • Being able to compare the Headend noise spectrum to the local spectrum. This allows you to know if a problem you see in the field matches the Headend problem or not. •...

  • Page 61: Evaluating Tdma Return Path Signals

    EVALUATING TDMA RETURN PATH SIGNALS Time Domain Multiple Access (TDMA) is a term commonly used in reference to D-AMPS or IS-54B mobile telephone systems. Time Domain Multiple Access implies a signal assigned to a certain frequency that has multiple time-slots for multiple transmitters. Our communications have been TDMA since the dawn of time.
  • Page 62 Through time-interleaving three cell-phones now occupy the same frequency bandwidth that one occupied just a few years ago. Another area of rapid growth using TDMA is CATV reverse path. Today’s CATV system includes many different signal and modulation types. Each advanced service can have one or many different TDMA signals assigned to a particular frequency.
  • Page 63 1. When the spectrum analyzer is at the TDMA frequency will the carrier be there? 2. When a signal is seen in the spectrum graph the question of origin remains. Was that a carrier or some ingress? While installing and characterizing your system, you realized that certain frequencies were going to be unusable because of the frequent, uncontrolled ingress.
  • Page 64 “ZERO SPAN” shows a number of parameters from a TDMA signal including the power of the carrier, the noise floor, and interference. Fig. 4-5 shows a “ZERO SPAN” of a TDMA signal with an ideal noise floor. The “D” marker shows the power of the TDMA desired signal.
  • Page 65 Fig. 5-6 Signal with High Noise Floor in “ZERO SPAN” Intermittent ingress along with the TDMA signal is a pesky problem when troubleshooting return path issues. This is a hit-or-miss game. With a spectrum graph you are completely at the mercy of luck. As you can see when there is a signal with intermittent ingress in Fig.
  • Page 66 Reference: 1. Cable Television Laboratories, “Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification”, SP-RFI-102-971008, Interim specification, 1997 2. Cable Television Laboratories, “Characterization of Upstream Transient Impairments on Cable Television Systems”, February 12, 1997. 3. Kevin J. Oliver, “Preventing Ingress in the Return Path”, CED Magazine, Oct.

  • Page 67: Chapter 6: Spectrum Analyzer Mode

    CHAPTER 6: SPECTRUM ANALYZER MODE INTRODUCTION In the Spect (Spectrum Analyzer) Mode, the instrument displays all or part of the CATV system spectrum, with variable spans from 3 to 50 MHz. A dynamic range better than 60 dB over the six vertical subdivisions of the display graph allows for comprehensive troubleshooting utility.

  • Page 68: Spectrum Mode

    Enter SPECT through the NAV menu, or by pressing the SPECT Measurement Mode key. Below are the primary functions of the Soft keys in the SPECT top-level menu. Notice that the Ref Level in dBmV and Scale Factor in dB/div are always displayed at the top of the graph.
  • Page 69 Reset Maximum Hold This soft key will reset the Maximum Hold algorithm in the instrument. When ‘grayed’ the Maximum Hold is disabled. Start Zero Span This mode displays a frequency versus time. Start CSO/CTB This mode guides the user through the measurement of Composite Second Order and Composite Triple Beat products.
  • Page 70 frequency. For use along the return path, with low pass filters engaged, the spectrum is reduced to 5 MHz to 50 MHz. There are five sub-menus in SPECT Mode: Level , Frequency, Amplifier/Low-pass Filter , Zero Span , and CSO/CTB . CSO/CTB is discussed in Chapter 4 in the Measurements Mode sections.
  • Page 71 A/B Markers These are two vertical markers on the display. The dotted line is the active marker; the solid line does not move. This icon toggles between the two. You can move the active marker with the arrow keys. The A and B lines below the graph show the difference (dB) in level (dBmV) between the two selected frequencies.
  • Page 72 Dwell-Time Selects trace Dwell-Time (the time that the instrument looks for signal on each frequency). Longer dwell-time enables you to check for Ingress. Use either the numeric keypad, or ↵Enter key. Or, use the up/down arrow keys. Dwell is adjustable from 64 µSec to 25 mSec.
  • Page 73 Marker to Center Press to change the center frequency to the value of the active marker. Peak Search Press to place the active marker at the frequency with the greatest amplitude. Figure 6-3: Spectrum Analyzer Zero Span 4. Zero-Span Press this to enter the Zero-Span sub-menu. In Zero-Span mode, the instrument displays the trace of one discrete frequency versus time.
  • Page 74 Zero-Span incorporates a large menu of useful features. As in other modes, you can use the 13 dB amplifier and/or the 50 MHz low-pass filter. Also, you can use active/inactive markers, plus elements unique to this operation. You may trigger the sweep manually, or automatically to examine the signal.
  • Page 75 D/U Desired/Undesired Markers Press to change active marker between Desired (Signal) and Undesired (Noise). Typically, these markers are used in Zero- Span to clearly identify digital carriers and TDMA signals. Reset Trace Average This soft key will reset the trace averaging algorithm. When half- toned Trace Average is disabled.
  • Page 76 enabled. This filter eliminates downstream carriers from the input, which improves dynamic range. Peak Search Press to place the active marker at the time with the greatest amplitude. D/U Markers Press to toggle the D/U markers between active/inactive, as appropriate Figure 6-4: Noise spike at 45 MHz This is an example of the basic use of the Spectrum Analyzer to view a specific frequency.
  • Page 77 Timebase Sweep Time Press to set sweep time: 20, 10, 05, 02, 01 Seconds; or 500, 200, 100, 50, 20, 05, 20, 10, 02, 01 milliseconds; or 500, 200, 100 microseconds (up/down arrow keys). Trigger Press to turn sweep trigger ON/OFF (up/down arrow keys). Trigger OFF: continuous update.
  • Page 78 Scale The scale parameter (1, 2, 5, & 10 dB/div) can be adjusted only with up/down arrow keys. For example, if the reference level is set to 0 dB and the sale is set at 10 dB/div the horizontal grid line at the center equals -30 dB Trace Averaging Soft key that enables and disables Trace Averaging .
  • Page 79 Measurement Bandwidth Press to adjust the Measurement Bandwidth . Any value from 0.01 to 99.999 MHz may be entered. This value is used to correct the power level for losses caused by a narrower resolution bandwidth compared to actual signal bandwidth. Correction = 10log(MBW/RBW) Figure 6-5: Example D/U Display 6-13...

  • Page 80: Chapter 7: Automatic Test

    CHAPTER 7: AUTOMATIC TEST INTRODUCTION Automated tests are easy and provide a convenient way of acquiring proof-of-performance compliance data. Tests can be executed immediately or scheduled over a time period. To conserve battery life, The unit shuts itself off between scheduled intervals. When configuring an Autotest, you can record information about the location at which the test is being performed.

  • Page 81: Test Locations

    Figure 7-1: Autotest Main Menu TEST LOCATIONS Test locations allows you to record location-parameter-specific data to the test location. You can create a new location, or select one from the list. There are five location types: Headend, Trunk Amp, Line Extender, Fiber Node, and Field Test . You can create test locations directly on the instrument or use the SteathWare Data Analysis software and download information to he unit.

  • Page 82: Creating And Editing Test Locations

    Table 7-1: Parameters Parameter Default Units Area 15 column alpha- numeric field Amp Id 15 column alpha numeric field Power Configuration IN / OUT / THROUGH Feeder Maker Config Trunk Termination Voltage Setting LOW / MID / HIGH Reverse Pad -100.0 +100.0 0.0 Reverse Equalizer -100.0 +100.0 0.0...
  • Page 83 Figure 7-2A: Autotest, Test Locations • Press the “step back” icon at the upper left to return to Figure 7- • Press the up/down arrow keys to scroll through the list and select an existing location. • Press -Flag to delete the highlighted location from the file. •...

  • Page 84: Performing Autotest

    Editing an Existing Location: Select the location you want, and press the Edit (Pencil Flag) soft key. Figure 7-2B, Test Locations , appears. Figure 7-2B: Autotest Location 1.Scroll through the list characteristics, and make any necessary adjustments. 2.When you are satisfied with the adjustments, press the OK soft key, which re-activates figure 7-2A.

  • Page 85: Choose Location

    7.3.1 Choose Location Refer to Figure 7-3. You can log information about the location at which you are performing the test. The information is stored in the Autotest file along with the measurement data. It will be available during viewing and printing Autotest results. This first screen presents you with a list of available locations.

  • Page 86: Select Probe Point

    When you are done editing, press to continue configuring the Autotest. NOTE: The instrument reminds you when you have not stored the location. You need to store the only if you think you will return for another test. Figure 7-4: New Location 7.3.3 Select Probe Point Some location types have multiple points at which you can make test measurements.

  • Page 87: Measure Voltage

    Figure 7-5: Select Probe Points 7.3.4 Measure Voltage You can log voltage measurements in the field. These will appear when viewing or printing the results of the Autotest. When you have finished entering the measurements, press the soft key. Figure 7-6: Measure Voltage.

  • Page 88: Compensation

    7.3.5 Compensation Compensation is added directly to the signal level measurements. You can use this to compensate for losses associated with probe points found on certain amplifiers. The default is the value specified in the Testpoint screen. Enter a different value if necessary. Press soft key to continue.

  • Page 89: Type Of Test

    Figure 7-8: Results File Name 7.3.7 Type of Test Tests can be executed immediately or scheduled over a time period. To select, press either the Immediate or Scheduled soft. 7.3.8 Set Schedule This screen will appear only if you have selected a scheduled test. The default schedule will perform four intervals over a twenty-four hour period beginning at the present time and date.

  • Page 90: Temperature

    Figure 7-9: Set Schedule 7.3.9 Temperature The ambient temperature at which the test is performed is recorded. The instrument contains an internal temperature sensor for this purpose. If you prefer to use your own thermometer, you can manually enter the temperature here. NOTE: For scheduled tests, the manual temperature entry is used for the first interval only.
  • Page 91 Figure 7-10: Temperature When you are ready to begin the test, press the soft key. While the Autotest is in progress, the display indicates the measurement currently being performed (level, hum, or modulation). Progress is displayed during the test. A bar graph on the display shows the percentage of completion.

  • Page 92: Canceling An Autotest

    7.3.10 Canceling an Auto test While performing an Autotest , you will not be able to select other measurement modes without first canceling the test in progress. Doing this will result in an incomplete Autotest. You will not be able to resume the previously configured test.
  • Page 93 6. A 24-hour report is available to assist you in documenting proof-of-performance compliance measurements. Pressing the 24hr Report soft key causes the instrument to automatically format and print the highlighted interval plus the next three intervals. The following is an example of a 24 Hour Test Report: 7-14...
  • Page 94 --------------------------------------------------------------- ---- WAVETEK STEALTHTRAK 24 HOUR TEST REPORT Model: 3HRV Serial No: 1234567 Cal Date: 06/21/95 --------------------------------------------------------------- ---- Operator: JOHN File: PROOF1 --------------------------------------------------------------- ---- Location Name: 1028_ELM_ST Location Type: Trunk Test Point Type: Forward Trunk In Test Point Compensation: +0.0 dB...
  • Page 95 LIMIT CHECK Limit Min Video Carrier Level: +0.0 dBmV Fail Max Delta Video Levels: 10.0 dB Fail Min Delta V/A: 6.5 dB Fail Max Delta V/A: 17.0 dB Fail Max Delta Adjacent Channels: 3.0 dB Fail 24 Hour Video Deviation: 8.0 dB Fail Conclusion:...
  • Page 96 8. Use the More soft key to toggle between level, C/N, hum, and modulation measurements. 9.When viewing the list of level, C/N, hum, and modulation measurements, if an error occurred, the following symbols replace the measurement value: • < UNDER - under range •...
  • Page 97 10. Use the Print soft key to print out the following report: --------------------------------------------------------------- ---- WAVETEK STEALTHTRAK Autotest REPORT Model: 3HRV Serial No: 1234567 Cal Date: 06/21/95 --------------------------------------------------------------- ---- Operator: JOHN File: PROOF1 Inverval: 1 Date: 07/20/95 Time: 15:18:09 Temp: 75...
  • Page 98 --------------------------------------------------------------- ---- LIMIT CHECK Limit Actual Min Video Carrier Level: +0.0 dBmV -17.7 dBmV Fail Max Delta Video Levels: 10.0 2 & 15 27.9 dB Fail Min Delta V/A: 6.5 dB 0.7 dB Fail Max Delta V/A: 17.0 dB 28.2 dB Fail Max Delta Adjacent : Fail...

  • Page 99: Chapter 8: Files

    Files loaded onto a PC can be viewed with the computer, printed, and archived. Or, these files can be downloaded into another StealthTrak/SAM 4040D for viewing in the field. The latter use is of benefit with comparing past and current measurements of a given CATV system test point.

  • Page 100: Storing Files

    You can also use the NAV menu to gain access the View screen. To work with the View menu, press the green Function key, then 2. Alternatively, enter through the NAV top-level menu. You can Store, View, and Print SWEEP and SPECT files. 1.
  • Page 101 Measurement Files, the combined file for all three types. All stored files, except Sweep Reference files, can be uploaded to Wavetek’s Stealthware PC software. Each Sweep Reference file is unique, in terms of the meter used, location, and system conditions at the time of the Sweep.

  • Page 102: Viewing/Printing

    VIEWING/PRINTING To view stored measurement files, press Function, 2. The screen displays a list of all currently stored measurement files, View Measurement Files , as shown in Figure 8-2. Use the up/down arrow keys to select a file. Use the numbered icon soft keys as indicated. View the file;...

  • Page 103: Sweep References

    Reverse Sweep the StealthTrak does transmit a signal upstream to the Headend, and communicates with the Headend. • SWPLS (Sweepless® Sweep). (SAM 4040D, 3SR/V/T, StealthTrak units.) In Sweepless® Sweep, the instrument is completely passive, sweeping its receiver across the allotted spectrum.
  • Page 104 If you select an obsolete reference, a warning message appears when the program enters Sweep mode, and the default reference will be used. Wavetek recommends that obsolete references be deleted, to free memory for additional references and files.

  • Page 105: Overlay Mode

    OVERLAY MODE With Overlay mode selected, you can compare a stored sweep file with the current system sweep response. This allows you to compare two locations in the cable system, or to compare two sweeps from the same point, but from different times. By overlaying the files on each other, you can quickly see any differences.
  • Page 106 If you enabled the Sweep File Overlay feature in the Sweep Receiver Setup menu, you can select a sweep measurement file to be viewed simultaneously with the "live" sweep. The sweep file is selected from the View Measurement Files screen the same as if it were to be viewed.

  • Page 107: Chapter 9: Maintenance

    CHAPTER 9: MAINTENANCE 9.1 GENERAL This section covers routine tasks that the Service Technician may perform on the StealthTrak and Stealth instruments. 9.2 VISUAL, PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL INSPECTION Make sure all hardware is properly installed and tightened. 9.3 RF CONNECTOR REPLACEMENT The RF connector is used often to attach the unit to the cable system.

  • Page 108: Cleaning The Instrument

    This instrument should be calibrated annually for best performance accuracy. If subjected to difficult conditions (temperature, humidity, physical stress or damage) more frequent calibration and service is appropriate. See the below for a list of Wavetek Service Centers. 9.6 W ORLDWIDE...

  • Page 109: Chapter 10: Channel Plans

    CHAPTER 10: CHANNEL PLANS 10.1 INTRODUCTION Using a channel plan, a StealthTrak/SAM4040D memorizes the frequencies of enabled channels. The instrument retains frequencies, expected levels, and other aspects of your CATV system. Be sure that: • You have completed the basic setup as described in Chapter 3, under configure, for Global, Measurements, and Sweep Receiver, discussed in Chapter 3.
  • Page 110 Figure 10-1: Configure Menu Figure 10-2: Configure, Channel Plan 10-2...

  • Page 111: Setting Channel Plan Parameters

    10.3. SETTING CHANNEL PLAN PARAMETERS. Fig 10-2 displays the channel plan menu. Follow the prompts of the Edit Box and directions in the text below. The “Exit” icon in the upper left moves the menu back one screen. Press the icon at the lower right, by the Edit Box, to get into each Channel Plan submenu.
  • Page 112 2. Press the Info (I) soft key to view Channel Plan INFO about the current channel plan, Figure 10-4. This is a view- only screen, which displays main features of the plan specified in the top line. Figure 10-4: Channel Plan Info 3.
  • Page 113 Channel Plan, Figure 10-2. For more information about these signal types see the Glossary at the end of this manual. Channel Tuning Sequence With Figure 10-2, Channel Plan displayed, select Channel Tuning Sequence , and press the Enter soft key. The up/down arrow keys toggle between Numeric Order and Frequency Order.
  • Page 114 a. At Step 1, the screen prompts you to name the Plan. Using the alphanumeric keys and the arrow keys, make your entry, and press the OK soft key. b. Press OK soft key to overwrite, or press Stop soft key to return to Step 1.
  • Page 115 Figure 10-7: Build Channel Plan-STEP 3 4. At Step 3, enter the upper frequency at which to stop searching for channels. CAUTION: YOU MUST PRESS THE ENTER KEY TO REGISTER THIS FREQUENCY AS THE UPPER LIMIT a. Use the keypad and/or the up/down arrow keys to set the frequency, press the Enter key, then press the OK soft key.
  • Page 116 Edit Channel Plan This feature enables you to scroll through the entire list of channels in the Plan, select each channel, and edit parameters for each With Figure 10-2 displayed, select Edit Channel Plan and press the icon prompted by the Edit Box. Fig. 10-8, Edit Channel Plan , appears.
  • Page 117 Figure 10-11: Edit Channel Edit Channel presents, one-at-a-time, a listing in numerical or frequency order of the channels in the current Plan, depending on current setting from paragraph. 10-3C. For each channel there is a list of parameters that you examine and/or adjust.
  • Page 118 6. When you have finished editing the Channel/Frequency in this screen, press the Exit icon and return to the Edit Channel Plan menu. NOTES: 1. Enabled: (Enables the instrument to monitor the channel) Y/N If the channel is not enabled it will not be included in any measurement mode.
  • Page 119 Table 10-1 Carrier-Types vs. Parameters Digital Video + Single Video Carrier Dual Carrier Channel (DIGI) Audio (SNGL) (TV) Channels (DUAL) Enabled Type Frequency (MHz) Channel Number Label Sweep Channel Measurement Bandwidth (MHz) Noise Offset (MHz) Tilt Channel Scrambled Audio Offset 1 (MHz) DUAL SGNL...
  • Page 120 5 Label: The label associates the channel’s number to programming. The label can have up to four characters. Use the Enter soft key, keypad and/or up/down arrow keys. Up/down keys allow use of special characters. The label appears to the left of the channel number on most screens. 6.
  • Page 121 11. Audio Offset 1 (MHz): Specifies the audio offset of the channel. Use the up/down arrow keys or keypad and the Enter soft key. 12. Audio Offset 2 (MHz): Specifies the offset for the second audio carrier of a Dual channel. . Use the up/down arrow keys or keypad and the Enter soft key.
  • Page 122 Figure 10-10: Auto Measurements 2. Use the up/down arrow keys to scroll through the listed channels. 3. Use the bottom right icon soft key to program all three at a channel, or use the C/N , Hum , and MOD soft keys separately.
  • Page 123 Edit Limits: Edit Limits establishes standards incorporated into the performance of an Auto Test. As the Auto Test measurements are running’ the program, compares measured values to the above limits: Video Level, Level Delta values, and Max 24-hour Level deviation. 1.
  • Page 124 1. First, connect a cable between the serial ports of two meters. Check that the baud rate is set the same for each unit). Wavetek recommends a baud of 19.2K for copying plans. 2. From the Configure Menu, select Channel Plan , scroll to Copy Remote Plan , and press the Edit Box icon soft key.

  • Page 125: Appendix A: Specifications

    APPENDIX A: SAM 4040D SPECIFICATIONS LEVEL Measurement Range: -40 to +60 dBmV Resolution: 0.1 dB ± 1.0 dB from -20 to +50°C Accuracy: Signal types: single carrier, video (single or dual audio), audio Additional uncertainty: ± 0.5 dB for digital (QAM, QPR,...
  • Page 126 MOD-Depth of Modulation Assumes presence of white reference on any VITS line. Non-scrambled channels only. Range: 80 to 100% Resolution: <0.5% at 85% Audio demodulation of AM and FM carriers SPECT-Spectrum Mode Spans: 3, 5, 10, 20, and 50 MHz (750 ms to 1.75 depending on span) Sweep Rates: 1 second updates with spans of 50, 20, 10 &...
  • Page 127 Frequency Range: 5 to 1,000 MHz ±10 ppm Accuracy: @ 25°C Drift Over Temp ±10 ppm ± 3 ppm/year Aging Resolution Bandwidths: 30, 280 kHz, 2 MHz Tuning Resolution: 10 kHz Data Storage Files stored: Autotests, SCAN,SWEEPLESS SWEEP, SPECT (regular with max hold, ZERO-SPAN or CSO/CTB), TILT, Channel Plans.
  • Page 128 General ± 0.5 dB Log Linearity: ±- 0.5 dB3 Flatness: Dimensions: 6"x11"x3.5" Weight: 2.5 kg (5.5 lbs.) Operating Temperature Range: -20 to +47°C; -4 to 117°F Power Sources Battery: 12V /3.5A-hr replaceable 4 hours continuous use on a single charge Charger: Input: 90-265VAC, 47-63 Hz...

  • Page 129: Appendix B: Glossary

    This glossary covers both references in the manual, and others, which help to clarify discussion and procedures in the manual. Sources include Wavetek proprietary documents; the Jones Dictionary for Cable television and Information Infrastructure, 4 edition; and the IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic Terms , 4 edition and other electronics authorities.
  • Page 130 Amplitude Amplitude of the high-frequency carrier varies Modulation according to the instantaneous value of the low-frequency modulating signal. Baseband The band of frequencies occupied by the signal in a carrier before the signal is modulated in the carrier to form the transmitted signal.
  • Page 131 Common Path Distortion: a form of inter- modulation distortion caused by mixing when an RF spectrum passes through a non-linear junction. Also caused by material deterioration and irregularities in the transmission line. Composite Second Order: clustering of second-order beats at any frequency of the spectrum.
  • Page 132 HDTV High Definition TV: can be either analogue or digital. Headend The control center of a cable television system. The headend receives incoming signals from satellites, broadcast antennae, etc. , then amplifies, converts, processes and combines signals as required for transmission along cable lines to hubs or nodes for distribution to cable subscribers’...
  • Page 133 Modem “Modem” is a contraction of Modulator- Demodulator. A Modem converts computer digital signals to analogue for data transmission, or demodulates upon receipt, for use within a computer. Modulate To regulate, or adjust, and specifically in the case of communications, to regulate some parameter of a high-frequency carrier wave by means of a low-frequency information signal.
  • Page 134 Pulse Amplitude Modulation produces a sequence of possibly overlapped pulses with the amplitude of each modulated by a symbol. QAM, PSK, BPSK, PRK, QPSK, DPSK, and AM-PM are all special cases of passband Pass band The range of frequencies accommodated by a given filter, amplifier, or circuit.
  • Page 135 Roll Off A gradual or sharp attenuation of gain at either or both ends of a transmission pass band. SCAN In the Stealth system, SCAN Mode shows on one display the voltage levels of all carriers across a given spectrum. Video and Audio carrier levels are shown, separately, in dBmV.
  • Page 136 Title Bar The top line or bar of all LCD screens: shows the Name of the Test/Measurement on the left; and the TIME on the right. When Alpha/Numeric or Multiple Choice adjustments are offered by the Menu, they icon appears in the Title Bar, to the Left of the TIME.

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