Page 1 Service Manual Quadramho Distance Protection Type SHPM 101...
Page 3 Quadramho Distance Protection Type SHPM 101 Service Manual R5888C The following publications form part of this manual: Publication R5580 Quadramho descriptive leaflet Publication R5234 Electronic module housing...
Page 5 The electronic circuits of ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd products are completely safe from electrostatic discharge when housed in the case. Do not expose them to the risk of damage by withdrawing modules unnecessarily.
Page 7 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Contents DISTANCE PROTECTION SAFETY SECTION THIS MUST BE READ BEFORE ANY WORK IS CARRIED OUT ON THE RELAY CHAPTER 1 APPLICATION NOTES (R5580 included) CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTION, TECHNICAL DATA CHAPTER 3 ELECTRONIC MODULE HOUSING (R5234 included) CHAPTER 4 INSTALLATION AND HANDLING CHAPTER 5...
Page 9 SAFETY SECTION This Safety Section should be read before commencing any work on the equipment. Health and safety The information in the Safety Section of the product documentation is intended to ensure that products are properly installed and handled in order to maintain them in a safe condition.
Page 10 Before energising the equipment it must be earthed using the protective earth terminal, or the appropriate termination of the supply plug in the case of plug connected equipment. Omitting or disconnecting the equipment earth may cause a safety hazard. The recommended minimum earth wire size is 2.5 mm , unless otherwise stated in the technical data section of the product documentation.
Page 11 Older Products Electrical adjustments Equipments which require direct physical adjustments to their operating mechanism to change current or voltage settings, should have the electrical power removed before making the change, to avoid any risk of electric shock. Mechanical adjustments The electrical power to the relay contacts should be removed before checking any mechanical settings, to avoid any risk of electric shock.
Page 12 Technical Specifications Protective fuse rating The recommended maximum rating of the external protective fuse for this equipment is 16A, Red Spot type or equivalent, unless otherwise stated in the technical data section of the product documentation. Insulation class: IEC 61010-1: 1990/A2: 1995 This equipment requires a Class I protective (safety) earth EN 61010-1: 1993/A2: 1995 connection to ensure user...
Page 13 Quadramho Distance Protection Type SHPM 101 Service Manual Chapter 1 Application...
Page 15 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Contents GENERAL RELAY CHARACTERISTICS SCHEMES AVAILABLE ON RELAY CHOICE OF CHARACTERISTIC CHOICE OF ZONE 1 IMPEDANCE REACH CHOICE OF ZONE 2 IMPEDANCE REACH CHOICE OF ZONE 3 IMPEDANCE REACH POWER SWING BLOCKING FEATURE (PSB) CHOICE OF RESISTIVE REACH OF QUADRILATERAL CHARACTERISTIC AUTOMATIC COMPENSATION OF QUADRILATERAL REACH LINE ANGLE...
Page 16 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Contents 19.12 Circuit transformer requirements 19.13 Worked example No. 2 19.14 Data 19.15 Selecting Zone 1 reach 19.16 Selecting Zone 2 reach 19.17 Selecting Zone 3 Reach 19.18 Ground fault compensation settings 19.19 Checking minimum relay voltage for a fault at the Zone 1 reach point 19.20 Sketching relay characteristics 19.21...
Page 17 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 1 of 27 Section 1. GENERAL The Quadramho has been developed for use on medium to high voltage transmission and distribution lines where traditionally switched distance schemes have been used. The relay is a full 3 zone distance scheme which eliminates the need for starting and switching circuits, but which remains as compact as a switched relay because it employs modern components and circuit techniques.
Page 18 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 2 of 27 Section 4. CHOICE OF CHARACTERISTIC The Type A (mho) relay is suitable for protecting most lines, where their length and source impedances are such that the resulting shaped Zone 1 characteristics provide the required resistive coverage.
Page 19 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 3 of 27 be the sum of the protected line impedance, plus, twice the impedance of the adjacent line to the fault. If the Zone 2 reach is set to cover 50% of the adjacent line impedance, then in this parallel infeed case, Zone 2 will effectively cover 25% of the adjacent line.
Page 20 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 4 of 27 is ganged to the Zone 3 setting. This situation is only likely to arise on long lines where the type A (mho) relay will be in use. Full advantage will need to be taken of the Zone 3 and power swing blocking lenticular facility in order to avoid load encroachment problems.
Page 21 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 5 of 27 Section 11. CHOICE OF ASPECT RATIO (LENTICULAR ZONE 3 CHARACTERISTIC) The Zone 3 aspect ratio of the type A (mho) relay will need to be adjusted when it is envisaged that there will be load encroachment problems on the Zone 3, or power swing blocking starter characteristic for a long line application.
Page 22 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 6 of 27 In the majority of applications, the SOTF enable timer switch will be set to the 200ms position, so that the feature will be available as soon as possible after the line becomes dead.
Page 23 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 7 of 27 For ground faults on multiple-earthed systems, it is possible, due to healthy phase current levels, for the magnitude of the greatest phase difference current to be larger than the neutral current at the relaying point. It is extremely unlikely, however, for the ratio of these two currents to exceed the level of 10, which would need to be reached before the low-set neutral detector failed to operate for a ground fault.
Page 24 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 8 of 27 If the relay is for use with miniature circuit breaker to break the VT supply, then the opto used for reset Zone 1 extension is on case terminals A9 and A10 – shared function with signal received if an aided scheme is selected.
Page 25 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 9 of 27 • For standard POR schemes, fast clearance will not occur for all faults along the protected line section if there is weak or no infeed at one terminal. It is possible with Quadramho to switch in a weak infeed feature which will allow aided tripping of the strong infeed relay and three phase tripping of the weak infeed relay.
Page 26 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 10 of 27 A has ceased to transmit a signal. It may be that end B will cease to receive a signal before its Zone 2 element picks up, in which case there would not be a fast trip.
Page 27 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 11 of 27 18.3 Blocking scheme Operating conditions: Zone 1 operation – –> instantaneous trip Reverse Zone 3 operation without Zone 2 operation – –> transmit blocking signal Zone 2 operation without signal received – –> instantaneous trip Special aspects to consider: A delay on instantaneous tripping (t ) after Zone 2 operation is required to allow...
Page 28 V where CT exciting current CT rated secondary current Where necessary, ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd, can supply details of reduced CT requirements on some systems. 19.1 Worked example No. 1 To protect a 10km single circuit, wooden pole, 60kV overhead line using a permissive overreach transfer tripping scheme or Zone 1 extension scheme.
Page 29 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 13 of 27 19.2 Data Line to be protected: 10km, 60kV, single circuit between MAY 60kV and JUNE 60kV substations. Note: Sample calculations will be presented for MAY relay only. Special requirement: Line protection must be able to clear ground faults with up to 40 ohms fault resistance.
Page 30 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 14 of 27 Positive and zero sequence impedance of MAY transformers in parallel: = (0.47 + j8.99) = (0.24 + j4.5) Overall minimum MAY positive sequence source impedance: = (3.04 + j16.04) in parallel (0.24 + j4.5) = (0.287 + j3.52) = 3.53 /85.3°...
Page 31 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 15 of 27 With K1 + K2 = 1.4 current level detector sensitivities: = 4.8 x base settings = 3.43 x base settings Required Zone 1 multiplier setting = required Zone 1 reach = 0.292 x I = 0.292 x 5 = 1.043 (K1 + K2)
Page 32 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 16 of 27 = 1.28 x 5 = 4.57 Zone 3 forward multiplier = (K31 + K32) K33 Select K31 = 4 K32 = 0.6 K33 = 1 Actual Zone 3 forward reach = (K31 + K32) K33 x Z = 4.6 x 1 x 1.4 = 1.29 ohms Required Zone 3 reverse reach = 25% zone 1 reach Zone 1 reach = 0.219 ohms secondary...
Page 33 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 17 of 27 Select = 0.4 = 0.00 θ ≥ /KN.Z θ ≥ 67.3° Select θ = 70° Actual Z = 0.28 /70° ohms Coarse ground loop impedance = Z = 0.28 /70° + 0.28 /70° = 0.56 /70°...
Page 34 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 18 of 27 Ground loop impedance to Zone 1 reach point = 2 x (1.37 + j3.76) + (5.99 + j14.8) = (2.91 + j7.44) = 7.99 /68.6° Source to fault ground loop impedance = (11.34 + j36.87) + (2.91 + j7.44) = (14.25 + j44.31) = 46.55 /72.2°...
Page 35 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 19 of 27 For the low set phase current level detectors in this application: = 4.8 x 5% = 17.1% Sensitivity The low set phase current level detectors, therefore, have adequate sensitivity for faults at the Zone 3 reach point.
Page 36 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 20 of 27 b) Ground fault condition Minimum zero sequence source impedance behind relay = (0.32 + j4.05) = 4.06 /85.5° ohms Source ground loop impedance = Minimum source ground loop impedance = 2(0.287 + j3.52) + ( 0.32 + j4.05) = (0.298 + j3.7) = 3.71 /85.4°...
Page 37 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 21 of 27 19.13 Worked example No. 2 To set distance protection at one end of 60 km double circuit 132kV line on steel towers for use in a directional comparison blocking scheme. max 5000MVA 500MVA min 700MVA...
Page 38 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 22 of 27 The relay coarse reach (Z ) should be set to the nearest value below the required Zone 1 reach. It is important to set Z as high as possible since the relay current level detector sensitivities are inversely proportional to |Z | and it is best to have the most sensitive settings possible.
Page 39 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 23 of 27 19.17 Selecting Zone 3 Reach Blocking scheme is to be used so reverse Zone 3 reach should be set to Zone 2 reach of remote end relay (at MARCH 132 substation). Zone 2 reach of remote end relay would be: = MARCH –...
Page 40 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 24 of 27 Compensation setting = K = 0.492 /4.8° x 4.8 /70° = 2.36 /74.8° = K4 +K5 + K6 /QN° Select K4 = 2 K5 = 0.3 K6 = 0.06 θ = 75°...
Page 41 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 25 of 27 b) Ground faults: Maximum ground loop impedance behind relay is maximum JAN source ground loop impedance plus ground loop impedance of a JAN – FEB circuit. Ground loop impedance of JAN source = 24.9 /88° ohms max Ground loop impedance of JAN –...
Page 42 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 26 of 27 19.20 Sketching relay characteristics Using the methods described in the Appendix B the relay impedance characteristics can be sketched. 19.21 Circuit transformer requirements The requirements of the Class X CT are given in Section 19. a) Phase fault condition: Minimum positive sequence source impedance behind relay (neglecting small infeed via parallel FEB –...
Page 43 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Page 27 of 27 b) Ground faults: Minimum ground loop impedance behind relay is minimum JAN source ground loop impedance plus ground loop impedance of two JAN – FEB circuits in parallel. Minimum JAN source ground loop impedance = 3.48 /88°...
Page 45 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Appendix A Page 1 of 8 TWO SHPM TYPES Both have 18 measuring elements + PSB Type a:– Mho Type b:– Quadrilateral Figure 1: Basic relay characteristics...
Page 46 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Appendix A Page 2 of 8 Pre-fault power flow a) Preventing Zone 1 overreach Pre-fault power flow b) Preventing Zone 1 underreach Figure 2: Principle of Zone 1 reach line angular compensation...
Page 47 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Appendix A Page 3 of 8 Zone -3 Zone -2 Zone -1 Zone -1 Zone -2 Zone -3 Relay A Relay B Zone -1 Zone -1 Trip A Trip B Zone -2 Zone -2 Zone -3 Zone -3 Figure 3: Basic-simplified distance scheme logic...
Page 48 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Appendix A Page 4 of 8 Zone -3 Zone -2 Zone -1 extended Zone -1 Zone -1 extended Zone -1 Zone -2 Zone -3 Relay A Relay B Auto-reclose reset Auto-reclose reset Zone-1 ext Zone-1 ext Zone -1ext Zone -1ext...
Page 49 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Appendix A Page 5 of 8 Zone -3 Zone -2 Zone -1 Zone -1 Zone -2 Zone -3 Relay A Relay B Trip A Trip B Zone -1 Zone -1 Zone -2 Zone -2 Zone -3 Zone -3 Figure 5: PUR-simplified scheme logic...
Page 50 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Appendix A Page 6 of 8 Zone -3 Zone -2 Zone -1 Zone -1 Zone -2 Zone -3 Relay A Relay B contact contact Trip A Ttrip B Zone -1 Zone -1 Zone -2 Zone -2 Signaling channels...
Page 51 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Appendix A Page 7 of 8 Zone -3 Zone -2 Zone -1 Zone -1 Zone -2 Zone -3 Relay A Relay B Undervoltage Undervoltage detector detector contact contact Trip A Trip B Zone -1 Zone -1 Zone -2 Zone -2...
Page 52 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Appendix A Page 8 of 8 Zone -3 Zone -2 Zone -1 Zone -1 Zone -2 Zone -3 Relay A Relay B Trip A Trip B Zone -1 Zone -1 Zone -2 Zone -2 Zone -3 Zone -3 Figure 8: PUR-simplified distance scheme logic...
Page 53 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Appendix B Page 1 of 2 SKETCHING RELAY CHARACTERISTICS Cross polarized mho, characteristics The mho impedance characteristics for unbalanced faults are unique due to the addition of square wave cross polarizing signals to the sinusoidal comparator voltages (see Chapter 2).
Page 54 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 1 Appendix B Page 2 of 2 Comparator K Length of captive point vector to 100% cross-polarised characteristic type Phase fault 0.138 – 1.0 | sin β) |– 0.16|Z α = cos –1 | cos β) | sin β) (0.16|Z |+ 0.16|Z...
Page 55 Quadramho Distance Protection Type SHPM 101 Service Manual Chapter 2 Description, Technical Data...
Page 57 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Contents INTRODUCTION MAIN FEATURES Quadramho Models Available MECHANICAL LAYOUT MODULE DESCRIPTIONS Relay block diagram The voltage input module RFV 04 The current input module RFC 15 Phase and neutral module RRZO7 Level detector board ZH0729 Phase and neutral and IR setting board ZH0730 Zone1/Zone2 module RRM 08 4.7.1...
Page 58 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Contents 4.9.28 LOAD subroutine 4.9.29 LLAD subroutine 4.9. 30 PDTIM subroutine 4.9.31 VTS subroutine 4.9.32 LOAD 1 subroutine 4.9.33 FLOC subroutine 4.9.34 SOTF subroutine 4 9.35 BASIC subroutine 4.9.36 OPT subroutine 4.9.37 MFAST subroutine 4.9.3S PSMIS subroutine 4.9.39 EXOP subroutine...
Page 59 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Contents 5.16.1 Purpose 5.16.2 Principle 5.16.3 Outputs 5.16.4 Level detector settings 5.16.5 Speed of operation 5.16.6 Implementation 5.16.7 Output seal-in 5.16.8 Operation for indication and alarm only 5.16.9 Resetting 5.16.10 Line de-energisation (line VTs) 5.16.11 Busbar voltage transformers 5.16.12 Single-pole tripping 5.16.13 Switch on to fault...
Page 60 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Contents TECHNICAL DATA Input ratings Impedance setting ranges Resistive reach setting range (quadrilateral earth fault units only) Lenticular aspect ratio setting range (lenticular zone 3 only) Summary of K-factors Accuracy of impedance measurement Current sensitivity of impedance measuring units. Returning ratio of impedance measuring units Characteristic angle setting ranges and accuracy 6.10...
Page 61 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Contents Figure 18: Zone 3 setting board ZH0734 Figure 19: Zone 3 comparators (Lenticular) Figure 20: Zone 3 comparators (QUAD version) Figure 21a: Comparator inputs Figure 21b: Comparator inputs continued Figure 22: Nameplate details RRM09 Figure 23: Block diagram board ZH0735 Figure 24:...
Page 62 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Contents Figure 60: Power swing blocking logic Figure 61: Flux summation in transphasor Figure 63: Voltage transformer supervision and miniature circuit breaker Figure 64: Level detector pole dead logic Figure 65: Level detector gating of comparators Figure 66: Bandpass filter switching logic Figure 67:...
Page 63 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 1 of 74 Section 1. INTRODUCTION The Quadramho protection scheme, has been designed to satisfy the demand for a cost effective distance relay for medium and high voltage transmission and distribution lines. The relay is a high performance full scheme design having many advantages over the switched relays traditionally used in this application.
Page 64 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 2 of 74 Section 2. MAIN FEATURES Full scheme 3 Zone distance relay with 18 measuring elements. Characteristic shapes to suit all line lengths and fault levels. Fast operating times over a very wide range of fault conditions. Digital synchronous polarising for close-up 3 phase faults.
Page 65 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 3 of 74 Section 3. MECHANICAL LAYOUT In order to ensure that the distance protection is unaffected by conditions of severe high frequency interference, such as can occur in a high voltage substation, certain precautions have been taken in designing the physical layout.
Page 66 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 4 of 74 Section 4. MODULE DESCRIPTIONS To provide the user with a thorough understanding of the operating principle of the relay and the function of the individual modules within the relay, the following sub- sections describe the operating functions of each module.
Page 67 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 5 of 74 The time delay of 26 to 36ms between fault inception and signal transfer is sufficient to allow fast tripping to occur, if electrical conditions permit, before the intervention of the filters. If fast tripping does not occur, the 26 to 36ms delay is long enough for the transient errors of the band pass filters, caused by the collapsing voltage, to have decayed away before signal transfer to the band pass outputs.
Page 68 2.933V rms. This level is set by the magnitude of the positive voltage reference which is calibrated by ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control and the length of the pick up time t1. As part of the continuous monitoring the negative reference is monitored and an alarm given if it is not within the required tolerance.
Page 69 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 7 of 74 The seventh level detector is the high-set neutral LDHSN. The neutral current is produced by summing and amplifying by G3 the three phase currents. This gives a setting of 16% at K1 + K2 = 4.8.
Page 70 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 8 of 74 The respective output voltages are: 50Hz: ZPh = K1+K2 x ( 2) x 0.9848 /–10 ° – 1 – 2) + K4 x ( ZN = [(K5 + K6) x ( 1 –...
Page 71 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 9 of 74 signals are squared up and level shifted to generate the (V – Z) signals. These form one input to the comparator. Three additional squaring amplifiers are required to generate three phase phase Z square waves.
Page 72 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 10 of 74 Zone 3 module RRM 09 Introduction This is a two board module which contains the forward and reverse reach settings, polarising, and comparators for Zone 3 (Z3) and Zone 6 (Z6) the power swing blocking zone.
Page 73 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 11 of 74 constructed by logically ‘AND’ing the outputs of a forward main comparator and a reverse main comparator. Both comparators are inhibited by the side lines QINHZ3 which are generated on the Z1/Z2 comparator board. Scheme logic module RCL 10 General The complete Quadramho scheme logic is contained in one 10"...
Page 74 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 12 of 74 4.9.2 Scheme logic settings and indications An illustration of the frontplate layout is shown in Figure 26. 4.9.3 Indications The scheme logic provides nine indications, the function of each indication is described below: Indication name plate legend Function of indication...
Page 75 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 13 of 74 Switch number Left hand function Right hand function Power swing blocking Power swing blocking disabled enabled Disable weak infeed Enable weak infeed option option (POR) only Disable weak infeed Enable weak infeed trip if trip weak infeed option selected Normal A/R action Block A/R if CIS not energised...
Page 76 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 14 of 74 4.9.8 General description of microcontroller associated hardware The scheme logic is implemented using an 8 bit microcontroller operating under software control. The microcontroller used is the 8039HL member of the MCS 48 family.
Page 77 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 15 of 74 The data from the above is multiplexed on to the port in the following way: Each of the 4 switch banks is enabled by an output line from PPI 1 port A. See Figure 23.
Page 78 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 16 of 74 4.9.15 Inoperative alarm The relay inoperative alarm circuit on the scheme logic board monitors a pulse which is normally present on Port 2 bit 6 of the microcontroller. If the microcontroller fails to execute the normal scheme loop, the pulse ceases to be present causing the “Relay Inoperative”...
Page 79 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 17 of 74 4.9.19 Opto isolators There are three different operating voltages as given in the following table: Nominal Operative range Absolute max 48/54V 37.5 – 60V 64.8V 110/125V 87.5 – 137.5V 150V 220/250V 175 –...
Page 80 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 18 of 74 The input levels to operate the level detectors are as follows: 50Hz (47 – 51) P/U = 10.1 – 14.0% of rated current at reference setting 60Hz (56 – 61) P/U = 10.7 –...
Page 81 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 19 of 74 At the end of the loop these output registers are then output via the appropriate output ports. The above is true when the standards scheme options are selected. If an invalid scheme or a test option is selected then only parts of the main loop are run, see Section 4.9.46.
Page 82 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 20 of 74 4.9.29 LLAD subroutine The LOAD routine now runs another routine called LLAD. This reads all the input ports of the microcontroller and peripherals and stores all these inputs in internal memory for use later on in the program.
Page 83 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 21 of 74 4 9.35 BASIC subroutine The basic scheme is not run if SOTF is enabled. The basic scheme is run for all valid scheme options and is described in Section 5.16.23. 4.9.36 OPT subroutine The OPT subroutine allows selection of any of the five standard tripping schemes available via the code switches.
Page 84 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 22 of 74 d) runs the BAR drop off timer. e) sets various output register flags. f) re-enables Zone 1 interrupt feature after previous interrupt has been terminated. g) sends a master reset pulse to the comparators after an “All Poles Dead” condition is detected.
Page 85 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 23 of 74 registers are designated timer run out registers (TROR) and contain the timer run out bits. The timer start bit is set in the main loop when the timer is required to run. Similarly this bit is set when the timer is to be reset.
Page 86 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 24 of 74 Timer function Timer length Timer resolution SOTF CURRENT NO 20ms – VOLTS PICK UP ZONE 2 DELAYED 0 – 250ms 10ms TRIP PICK UP ZONE 3 DELAYED 0 – 580ms 40ms TRIP PICK UP TRIP DROP OFF...
Page 87 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 25 of 74 When a test option is selected (or an invalid scheme) the “relay inoperative” alarm contact will close and the “relay available” LED will extinguish. The full schemes do not run when a test option is selected. Below is a list of the features that are run when a test option is selected: a) Digital synchronous polarising.
Page 88 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 26 of 74 Test option Test and method indications Comments Zone 3 comparators gated A–N Amplitude with low-set current B–N hysteresis operates level detectors C–N on any Zone 3 comparator. No tripping will occur.
Page 89 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 27 of 74 Test option Test and method indications Comments Self check of Zone 3 A–N As option 45 comparators B–N C–N A–B A–B B–C C–A AIDED TRIP Self check of Zone 6 A–B SOTF comparator...
Page 90 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 28 of 74 Test option Test and method indications Comments Zone 3 comparators A–N As option 42 (Secondary inject B–N Zone 3 fault) C–N A–B C–A AIDED TRIP Zero sequence voltage level detector SOTF (Apply low voltage and increase to pick up)
Page 91 AIDED TRIP Information given SOTF is intended for V~FAIL ALSTOM Protection & Control Ltd use. Code Selection CSNX The binary coded Number Enter F0 decimal form of to socket) each code switch number CSNY is given.
Page 92 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 30 of 74 Test Output tested and switch to be Output given on the rear terminals option set to the right and/or the monitor point box “A” indication Pressing the reset button SK2–25 “B”...
Page 93 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 31 of 74 Note: No contact will close until the appropriate SW switch is to the right and the reset button is pressed. 4.9.47 The auxiliary relay module RVC 53 The two main functions of this module are to produce all the relay output contacts and to produce a number of test signals at the test socket SK2 on the relay facia.
Page 94 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 32 of 74 case by removing six screws and releasing two plugs. Upon replacing the backpack the silicon rubber dust sealant must be renewed. Three versions of the power supply are available, for nominal input voltage ratings 48/54, 110/125 and 220/250V dc.
Page 95 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 33 of 74 Section 5. PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION The comparator The important requirements of high speed and high stability have both been satisfied in the comparator design. Usually these two requirements are in contention because the faster the operating speed, the greater the risk of false operation caused by contaminated relay input signals.
Page 96 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 34 of 74 1) If signal A leads signal B, when A changes it gains the opposite state from B, while when B changes it gains the same state as A. 2) If signal A lags signal B, when A changes it gains the same state as B, while when B changes it gains the opposite state from A.
Page 97 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 35 of 74 contains its own logic circuits, counter, constraint timer etc. Figure 34 shows a flowchart of the sequence comparator logic process. 5.1.3 Exclusion of noise The following interfacing and preconditioning measures ensure that the full high speed performance potential of the comparator is achieved even with severely contaminated relay input signals: 1) Good physical layout and electrical filtering have been used to exclude high...
Page 98 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 36 of 74 of large transient voltage errors from the CVTs, so that correct directional response can be ensured. 2) To enable a fast operating time to be obtained for close up faults of all types in the forward direction of the relay.
Page 99 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 37 of 74 peak value of the square wave V produces the same voltage at the input of IC2 as 16% of the peak value of the sinewave VA under healthy supply conditions. The squared output V from IC2 is phase shifted 90°...
Page 100 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 38 of 74 sinewave peak voltage. The zero crossings of the resultant signal remain in phase with those of the cross polarising signal, that is, no displacement from the prefault position. Figure 43 shows conditions similar to Figure 42, but with the faulted phase voltage displaced by 60°.
Page 101 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 39 of 74 Phase C voltage is used as a reference signal for pre-fault phase information, after being squared by a high gain amplifier. The length of one half cycle is measured in units of 179µs (the timer interrupt period of the microprocessor scheme logic) and the number of units is stored in a register.
Page 102 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 40 of 74 The lenticular characteristic An offset lenticular characteristic is available for Zone 3 for long line applications where load impedance may encroach on to an offset mho characteristic. The lenticular characteristic is produced by the intersection of two circles as shown in Figure 47.
Page 103 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 41 of 74 A2 = V – right hand “resistance line” B2 = – A3 = – left hand “resistance” line B3 = V+ A4 = “directional” line B4 = V Throughout, V is the faulty phase voltage, V is the partially cross polarised voltage described under “polarising mixing circuits”...
Page 104 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 42 of 74 and has different polarisation ( R). The “guard” zone is generated entirely from inhibit comparators and so its operating speed is only a fraction of a cycle. Due to the different polarisation employed for the reactance lines, under two phase to ground fault conditions the reactance lines of the Zone 1 and corresponding “guard”...
Page 105 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 43 of 74 provided. These have a very fast reset time and are connected so as to block comparator operation when the line is de-energised, as shown in Figure 55. The actual blocking operation is performed under software control in the scheme logic module.
Page 106 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 44 of 74 5.10 Single pole tripping The level detectors are also beneficial when single pole tripping of the circuit breakers is required when using line VTs. Following a single phase to ground fault and a single pole trip, the output of the ground fault comparator is blocked by the resetting of the relevant phase current level detector and the comparator is forced to count down by the relevant pole dead signal.
Page 107 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 45 of 74 comparators, a special logic feature is employed (See Figure 65) whereby if the “high set” detector operates for 35ms without any Z1/Z2 ground fault comparator operating, then the “high set” block of the phase fault comparator is removed. 5.12 Other level detectors When the operating requirements of level detectors are not as stringent as for those...
Page 108 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 46 of 74 by the A or B phases of the transmission line being de-energised. This inhibition is brought about by the action of the low set current level detector LDLSA and LDLSB. To extend this period of non operation to the first 240ms after the line is re-energised, the “ANY POLE DEAD”...
Page 109 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 47 of 74 The circuit is shown in Figure 61. Two separate ferromagnetic cores are used, each with an air gap to minimise the reluctance of the magnetic circuit. The flux summation occurs on core 2. The constant flux originates from the current flowing in primary 2.
Page 110 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 48 of 74 iii) the indication LED operates and latches. iv) the alarm contact 97X–1 closes. v) the comparators are held reset and blocked. vi on the permissive overreach scheme the weak infeed echo feature is blocked. vii) the switch on to fault is blocked.
Page 111 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 49 of 74 5.16.7 Output seal-in If a failure of the voltage supply occurs, the VTS instantaneously blocks the distance relay from tripping. It is necessary to seal in the blocking action, since otherwise if a ground fault were to occur on the transmission line later, the would reset the VTS.
Page 112 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 50 of 74 5.16.11 Busbar voltage transformers When the relay is supplied from a busbar VT there is no loss of ac voltage when the circuit breaker is opened. However, there may be a transient depression of the voltage on reclosing the breaker, caused by line charging current, magnetising inrush, etc.
Page 113 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 51 of 74 5.16.15 Scheme logic module A general description of the scheme logic module is given in Section 4.9 and Figure 23, shows the module in block diagram form including the associated inputs and outputs.
Page 114 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 52 of 74 approximately 6°. This action expands the right hand portion of the mho polar characteristic without affecting the reach at the characteristic angle. 5.16.20 Self testing Periodic self testing of all relay comparators is done automatically every 2 weeks or on demand, by pressing and releasing the pushbutton on the front of the relay.
Page 115 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 53 of 74 single phase to ground faults, with 3 phase tripping for other faults, or 3 phase tripping for all faults is also provided. To set up the relay for a particular scheme option requires the correct code selection number (CSN) to be set on the code switches, which are positioned on the frontplate of the scheme logic module.
Page 116 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 54 of 74 5.16.25 Permissive overreaching scheme (POR) The overreaching directional Zone 2 elements are used to send a signal (85X–1 and 85X–2) to the remote end of the feeder. The Zone 2 elements permit tripping on receipt of a channel signal (via opto isolator input CRX) and in this way, instantaneous tripping via the Zone 2 elements will only occur for internal faults.
Page 117 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 55 of 74 After the 10ms time delay, a signal is sent, provided that at least one of the voltage level detectors has reset, which confirms a fault condition. Since a fast time of 10ms is not desirable for tripping of the local end, a time delay of 60ms is selected for local tripping and after this delay the trip relay is energised, after ensuring that at least one of the voltage level detectors has reset.
Page 118 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 56 of 74 In practice a time delay on pick up for the tripping signal is required for faults detected by the Zone 2 elements. This is to allow time for a blocking signal to be sent from the remote end, should it prove necessary, and to be received at the local end.
Page 119 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 57 of 74 iii) prevent the power swing blocking logic (via the pole dead logic) from operating during the first 240ms immediately following line energisation, when it is undesirable to prevent tripping. b) Signal receive opto isolator. This is energised from the signalling channel and is only effective if a signalling scheme has been selected.
Page 120 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 58 of 74 Operation of the voltage transformer supervision contact (97X–1) and the power swing alarm contact (95–1) are described under the appropriate descriptions of these features. 5.16.31 Trip A, Trip B and Trip C contacts 94A–1 94A–2 94B–1 94B–2 94C–1 94C–2 These contacts are used to initiate single pole tripping of the breaker for single phase-to-ground faults in Zone 1 or carrier aided Zone 2.
Page 121 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 59 of 74 5.16.35 Fault locator start contacts 19A–1, 19B–1, 19C–1 and 19E–1 These contacts are provided for data logging functions such as phase selection, starting of fault locators, fault recorders, etc. Two or more contracts close for a fault condition, eg: A–Ground fault 19A–1 and 19E–1...
Page 122 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 60 of 74 Switch SW1 on the scheme logic module is used to select which of the two types of fault detectors is used. The normal setting is with SW1 in the left hand position which selects SOTF action via the comparators, since this produces the faster tripping times when busbar VTs are employed.
Page 123 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 61 of 74 5.16.40 Relay inoperative alarm 97Y–1 Under healthy operating conditions this contact is held open. The following conditions will cause the relay to close the contact to give a “Relay Inoperative” alarm and will also extinguish the “Relay Available”...
Page 124 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 62 of 74 The A, B and C LEDs indicate which phases were involved in the fault that caused the circuit breaker to be tripped. This can be accompanied by the Z2 or Z3 LED to show that the fault was cleared in time delayed Zone 2 (Z2t) or time delayed Zone 3 (Z3t).
Page 125 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 63 of 74 Test Signal Equivalent Function Equivalent socket (active low) auxiliary relay SK2–25 SK A IND Trip for fault on A phase SK2–24 SK B IND Trip for fault on B phase SK2–23 SK C IND Trip for fault on C phase...
Page 126 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 64 of 74 The effects of CVT transient errors on distance relays of the block average type are well documented. The possible effects are: a) Maloperation for faults in the reverse direction of the relay. b) Transient overreach for forward faults beyond the protected zone.
Page 127 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 65 of 74 5.16.44 Typical logic symbols used & & & Output Output Output Inputs Output Inputs Output Inputs Output Output Output Output Inputs Output Inputs Output Inputs Output Output Output Inputs Output Inputs Output X = no change...
Page 128 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 66 of 74 Section 6. TECHNICAL DATA Input ratings AC voltage V 100 to 120 volts rms phase-phase. The relay will withstand 150% rated voltage continuously, or 250% rated voltage for 10s. AC current 1A or 5A rms per phase.
Page 129 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 67 of 74 Ω Zone 1 positive sequence (K11 + K12 + K13) K14 x Z Z1 x K15 Ω Extended Zone 1 Z1X = Ω Zone 2 (K21 + K22) K24 x Z Ω...
Page 130 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 68 of 74 Accuracy of impedance measurement The accuracy is unaffected by the Z and Z settings, the characteristic angle setting or the dc supply (within the operative range). The following accuracy claims apply under reference conditions: Fine reach multipliers set to unity, Ambient temperature 20°C Nominal input frequency f...
Page 131 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 69 of 74 6.10 Timer setting ranges Zone 2 timer 0 to 2.55s in 10ms steps Zone 3 timer 0 to 5.1s in 40ms steps Scheme timer 0 to 90ms in 6ms steps Scheme timer 0 to 90ms in 6ms steps.
Page 132 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 70 of 74 6.13 Operating and reset times Minimum (50HZ) 14ms (60Hz) 13ms Mho characteristic Typical (50Hz) 18–25ms (60Hz) 16–23ms Minimum (50HZ) 19ms (60Hz) 17ms Mho characteristic Typical (50Hz) 25–33ms (60Hz) 22–29ms These times include the operating times of the electro-mechanical tripping output relays.
Page 133 = 0.056Ω 5A relay phase faults = 0.03Ω Where necessary ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd can supply details of reduced CT requirements on some systems. 6.19 Output contact ranges Make and carry for 0.2s 7500VA with maxima of 30A and 300V, ac or dc.
Page 134 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 72 of 74 6.20 DC supply ratings and operative range Three versions of the power supply are available with nominal ratings as shown below. DC supply Vx (1) nominal operative maximum range withstand 48/54V 37.5 –...
Page 135 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 73 of 74 6.25 Environmental withstand Temperature IEC 60068-2-1 Operating –25°C to +55°C IEC 60068-2-2 Storage and transit –25°C to +70°C Humidity IEC 60068-2-3 56 days (at 93% RH and +40°C) BS 2011 Part 2.1Ca Salt mist: IEC 60529 BS 2011 Part 2.1kB...
Page 136 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Page 74 of 74 Fault Source SW1 to left SW1 to right type impedance any Z1/Z2/Z3 Current No Volts (ohms) Line VT Busbar VT Line VT Busbar VT SOTF TRIP TIMES (ms) Max Min Max Min Max Min A–B–C–G...
Page 137 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 1 of 71 Quiet area Interface area Figure 1: Quadramho...
Page 138 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 2 of 71...
Page 139 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 3 of 71...
Page 140 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 4 of 71...
Page 141 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 5 of 71...
Page 142 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 6 of 71 Waveforms represent fault in Zone 1 close to boundary of operation with large exponential component in voltage V–IZ No zero crossings comparator cannot operate V POL V–IZ (with switched filter) Zero crossings re-started comparator can operate 26-36 ms delay...
Page 143 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 7 of 71 ∠θ° APh A COMMON TRANSPHASORS C.T. A R COMMON I B1 B COMMON CIRCUIT SAME AS ABOVE B R COMMON C COMMON CIRCUIT SAME AS ABOVE C R COMMON ∠θ°...
Page 144 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 8 of 71...
Page 145 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 9 of 71 MCK/7 MCK/14 MCK/28 Stopped Clock Detector +12V ALARM Positive Reference –1 Negative Voltage Voltage Wrong Reference Reference Detector –VREF Common +VREF Level Detector LDIA Element LDLSA I A Common Precision Rectifier Level...
Page 146 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 10 of 71 K2(a) FINE SETTING –I –I COMMON K1(a) COARSE SETTING – LDI K2(b) FINE SETTING –I –I COMMON K1(b) COARSE SETTING – LDI K2(c) FINE SETTING – I – I COMMON K1(c) COARSE SETTING K6 VERY FINE SETTING...
Page 147 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 11 of 71 ZPh(Ω) = K1+K2 ZPh(Ω) = K1+K2 Z LO – Z L1 Z LO – Z L1 3Z L1 3Z L1 RS(Ω) = ZN(Ω) = K4+K5+K6 ZN(Ω) = K4+K5+K6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 fn =...
Page 148 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 12 of 71 Extend Z1 Zone 1 setting Zone 1 ext setting Zone 1/ V out = V in / V out = V in /K15 Zone 1 ext selector (K11 + K12 + K13)K14 A phase (V –...
Page 149 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 13 of 71 Comparator (V – Z)AZ1 Out 1 or AZ1 –I A Z PH Dout 1 (V – Z)ABZ1 Comparator Out 2 or ABZ1 –I B Z PH –I C Z PH Comparator (V –...
Page 150 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 14 of 71 –IAZPH (V – IZ)AZ1 –IBZPH INH Out Comparator AZ1 –ICZPH Dout1 V POL A Memory select (V – IZ)ABZ1 Comparator ABZ1 V POL AB Memory Dout2 DB2 INH 9 (V –...
Page 151 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 15 of 71 Inputs Inhibit comparator 1 DOut 1 Inputs Out 1 Main comparator 1 Inhibit Main comparator 2 Inputs Out 2 Inputs Inhibit comparator 2 D Out 2 Control MCK MCK SC Figure 15: Layout of ULA...
Page 152 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 16 of 71 Function Input QUAD Zone 1 A Comp A1(operate) (V– (V– B1(polarising) +0.16[–(V +0.16V Zone 1 A–B Comp (V– (V– +0.16(V +0.16 As MHO –V [–(V )=0.16V Zone 1 B Comp (V–...
Page 153 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 17 of 71 ∞ Z1 = (K11 + K12 + K13) Kl4 x ZPh Z1X = Z1 x K15 Z2 = (K21 + K22) K24 x ZPh 1.7 1.6 1.5 ∞ 0.7 0.6 0.5 Figure 17: Nameplate details RRM08...
Page 154 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 18 of 71 Zone 3 forward setting V OUT = V IN / (K31+K32)K33 A phase (V + IZ)AZ3 attenuator (V + IZ)BZ3 Common Zone (V + IZ)CZ3 B phase (V + IZ)ABZ3 voltage attenuator (V + IZ)BCZ3...
Page 155 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 19 of 71 INH1 Comparator (V–IZ)AZ3 OUT1 Shift (V–IZ) – (180– φ) (V+IZ)AZ3 DOUT1 register (V–IZ) – φ (V–IZ)ABZ3 Comparator OUT2 Shift (V–IZ) – (180– φ) ABZ3 (V+IZ)ABZ3 register DOUT2 (V–IZ) – φ INH9 (V–IZ)AZ3 INH1...
Page 156 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 20 of 71 Q1NHZ3A INH1 (V–IZ)AZ3 Comparator OUT1 & (V–IZ)ABZ3 Comparator OUT2 Shift ABZ3 (V+IZ)ABZ3 (V+IZ)/–90 register Q1NHZ3B INH1 (V–IZ)BZ3 Comparator OUT1 & (V–IZ)BCZ3 Comparator OUT2 Shift BCZ3 (V+IZ)BCZ3 (V–IZ)/–90 register Q1NHZ3C INH1 (V–IZ)CZ3...
Page 157 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 21 of 71 Function Input QUAD Zone 3 A Comp (V– (V– /–(180–Ø) Zone 3 A–B Comp (V– (V– /–(180–Ø) /–90• Zone 3 B Comp (V– (V– /–(180–Ø) Zone 3 B–C Comp (V–...
Page 158 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 22 of 71 Function Input QUAD A Guard Zone (V– Z)AG Not used Zone 6 A–B IHN (V– Not used –Ø B Guard Zone (V– Z)BG Not applicable C Guard Zone (V–...
Page 159 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 23 of 71 Z3 = (K31 + K32)K33 X ZPh Z3 = (K31 + K32)K33 X ZPh Z3’ = (K35 + K36)K33 x K37 x ZPh Z3’ = (K35 + K36)K33 x K37 x ZPh .25 0.5 .25 0.5 Figure 22: Nameplate details RRM09...
Page 160 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 24 of 71...
Page 161 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 25 of 71 ‘A’ phase Input amplifier Zero sequence voltage Summing Voltage Drop off ‘B’ phase and low level detector output circuitry comparator timer ‘C’ phase pass filter Input amplifier Replica‘A’ High gain Voltage Drop off...
Page 162 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 26 of 71 Main loop Enter Call INIT Initialise processor Read input ports Call load Commissioning test options Call POTIM Start pole dead timer Call VTS Call load 1 Establish fault locators Call FLOC Switch on to fault Call SOTF...
Page 163 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 27 of 71 POWER SWING RESET AIDED TRIP TEST SOTF Skt.1 FAIL 2560 1280 =S t 5120 2560 1280 =S t =S t =S t OPTION SELECT V x (2) Figure 26: Nameplate details RCL10...
Page 164 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 28 of 71 Monitor facility Tripping function Module test socket connections Inputs to PCB ZH0739 RL1-1 A IND SK2 A IND RL1-2 RL2-1 Output B IND SK2 B IND Z1C(PH&E) contacts RL3-1 Z2(PH) from...
Page 165 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 29 of 71...
Page 166 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 30 of 71 Fault outside characteristic Fault on boundary Fault inside characteristic V POL = V –90° Figure 29: Sequence comparator voltages for MHO characteristic Sine wave inputs A + V – B = V –90°...
Page 167 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 31 of 71 Fault occurs Counter Figure 31: Action of counter in comparator...
Page 168 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 32 of 71 Sinusoidal V – IZ input Burst of Squared inputs interference V – IZ Counter No of second up-count as changes spaced <0.15 cycle Figure 32: Effect of high-frequency interference Fault occurs outside boundary of...
Page 169 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 33 of 71 start Read inputs Reset all registers Is selfcheck Is reset input Finish timer and output input high high Has A or B changed state Has input A Does B=A changed Does A=B Fig 34 A...
Page 170 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 34 of 71 Fig 34A Fig 34A Fig 34A Fig 34A Is reset Is selfcheck input high input high Is reset Is selfcheck input high input high Is inhibit Re-start timer output high Is timer finished Finish timer...
Page 171 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 35 of 71 Fig 34B Fig 34B Fig 34B Fig 34B Reset register 1 Is register Is register Set register 2 and output 2 set 2 set Is register Is register Reset register 2 Set register 3 3 set...
Page 172 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 36 of 71 63 BIT V∠–90° SHIFT REGISTER 252 x fn CLOCK PULSE REGISTER Figure 35: Polarising phase shift...
Page 173 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 37 of 71 Fault incidence Fault phase voltage CVT error 16% synchronous polarising Polarising voltage (Before squaring and 90° phase shift) Figure 36: Action of synchronous polarising...
Page 174 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 38 of 71 Figures are in SIR’s Figure 37: Resistive expansion of partially cross-polarised MHO X Ω 17ms 30ms 60Hz times 21ms 34ms 50Hz times 24ms 19ms θ=75° R Ω Minimum operating time contours SIR = 6 Figure 38: Typical MHO Zone 1 operating times...
Page 175 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 39 of 71 –(V = (V ) + 0.16V 0.16V – – PARTIALLY CROSS-POLARISED SIGNAL + 0.16V Figure 39: A–G polarising mixing circuit ) ∠–90° = (V + 0.16V 90° –90° 0.16V –...
Page 176 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 40 of 71 Faulted voltage = 25% 100% self polarised 16% squarewave cross polarised 16% squarewave cross polarised 100% cross polarised φ Displacement of faulted-phase voltage [°LAG] relative to pre-fault position Angle of pre-fault voltage Fully cross polarised mho circle...
Page 177 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 41 of 71 30° 360° etc. 90° 180° 270° Faulted phase voltage [–30° displacement] Cross-polarising voltage Resultant polarising [before –90° phase shift] Figure 42...
Page 178 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 42 of 71 60° 20° 90° 180° 270° 360° etc. Faulted phase voltage [-60° displacement] Cross-polarising voltage Resultant polarising [–20° displacement] [before –90° phase shift] Figure 43...
Page 179 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 43 of 71 Elapsed time Input Synchronism checked every 4th edge and 'Data in' is adjusted ±bit measured length of 1/2- Output cycle in units of 179 ms 1/2 cycle generated using 'data out' 55 55 56 55 54 55 55 Rotation...
Page 180 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 44 of 71 –IZ V+IZ –IZ' (V+IZ') / –90° Figure 46: Sequence comparator voltages for offset MHO characteristic Main comparator C 1 Inhibit comparator C 2 φ V – IZ 180°– φ V + IZ –IZ φ...
Page 181 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 45 of 71 tan(180° – φ) Aspect ratio = 1.00 0.67 0.41 φ 90° 65.5° 45° Boundary of load Figure 48: Lenticular Zone 3 V – IZ Inhibit Main Inhibit Inverter comparator comparator V + IZ'...
Page 182 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 46 of 71 A 1 = V – IZ B 1 = I N R A 2 = V – IZ A 3 = –IZ B 2 = –IZ B 3 = V+ IR θ...
Page 183 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 47 of 71 B-G ZONE 1 GUARD APPARENT FAULT IMPEDANCE NB: APPARENT TILTING OF CHARACTERISTIC ANGLE IS DUE TO RESIDUAL COMPENSATION APPLIED WHICH IS CORRECT FOR SINGLE PHASE FAULTS A-G ZONE 1 A-G GUARD APPARENT FAULT...
Page 184 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 48 of 71 GUARD ZONE A & INHIBIT ZONE 1 A-G & POLE DEAD A GUARD ZONE B & & INHIBIT ZONE 1 B-G EX.OR POLE DEAD B GUARD ZONE C &...
Page 185 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 49 of 71 COMPARATOR V – IZ 180°>arg( )>0° V POL & TRIP LEVEL DETECTOR |IZ| >SETTING Figure 55: Gating of comparator output V IN START MODULUS OF RESET TIME t1 TIMER t2 INSTANTANEOUS VALUE OF RESET FLAG...
Page 186 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 50 of 71...
Page 187 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 51 of 71 PRECISION FULL WAVE RECTIFIER IZ A FAST CHARGE – SLOW CHARGE V REF HIGH SET IZ B – V REF LOW SET IZ C LIMITS MAXIMUM VALUE – OF V REF BASE REFERENCE LEVEL...
Page 188 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 52 of 71 Zone 6 Inhibit Zone 3 signal PS turns off Inhibit signal PS turns on Power swing impedance Figure 59: Power swing blocking characteristic P.S.B Ind Any Pole Dead SK TPS VTS Block SK2-7...
Page 189 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 53 of 71 Core 1 Core 2 Angle coil 2 Input current Output voltage Primary 2 φ F Fixed flux from primary 2 φ φ Locus of total flux in core 2 Variable flux from angle coil 2...
Page 190 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 54 of 71...
Page 191 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 55 of 71...
Page 192 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 56 of 71 CURRENT DETECTOR LDLS N COMPARATOR LDCpAZn & CpAZn CURRENT DETECTOR LDLS A & COMPARATOR LDCpBZn & CpBZn CURRENT DETECTOR Z n A LDLS B & COMPARATOR LDCpCZn CpCZn &...
Page 193 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 57 of 71...
Page 194 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 58 of 71 95z-1 Phase rotation Reset Z1 ext Signal send (1) 95z-2 Breaker open Signal send (2) (See note 2) 94A-1 Direction of power flow Inhibit power swing blocking Trip A (1) for operation (See note 2) 94A-2...
Page 195 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 59 of 71...
Page 196 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 60 of 71...
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Page 198 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 62 of 71...
Page 199 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 63 of 71...
Page 200 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 64 of 71...
Page 201 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 65 of 71 Z 1 A' Z 2 A & & LDLS A & 19A-1 LDOV A & Z 1 B Z 2 B & & LDLS B & 19B-1 LDOV B &...
Page 202 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 66 of 71...
Page 203 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 67 of 71 Z 1 A' Z 2 A & Z 3 A & SK2-25 Z 1 B' Z 2 B & SK2-24 Z 3 B & Z 1 C' Z 2 C &...
Page 204 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 68 of 71...
Page 205 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 69 of 71 Ground faults quadrilateral Ground faults mho % of relay setting % of relay setting Phase faults mho 3-phase faults mho % of relay setting % of relay setting maximum minimum Figure 78: Zone 1 typical operating times for 50Hz relays at SIR 30...
Page 206 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 70 of 71 Ground faults quadrilateral Ground faults mho % of relay setting % of relay setting Phase faults mho 3-phase faults mho % of relay setting % of relay setting maximum minimum Figure 79: Zone 1 typical operating times for 60Hz relays at SIR 1...
Page 207 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 2 Appendix A Page 71 of 71 Ground faults quadrilateral Ground faults mho % of relay setting % of relay setting Phase faults mho 3-phase faults mho % of relay setting % of relay setting maximum minimum Figure 80: Zone 1 typical operating times for 60Hz relays at SIR 1...
Page 209 Quadramho Distance Protection Type SHPM 101 Service Manual Chapter 3 Electronic Module Housing...
Page 211 Quadramho Distance Protection Type SHPM101 Service Manual Chapter 4 Installation...
Page 213 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 4 Contents INSTALLATION Receiving Handling Storage Installation Rack mounting Panel mounting Earthing...
Page 215 If damage has been sustained in transit, a claim should be made immediately to the transport company concerned and a report sent to the nearest ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd branch office or agent. Handling The relay in its case is extremely robust and no special precautions are necessary.
Page 217 Quadramho Distance Protection Type SHPM101 Service Manual Chapter 5 Commissioning Instructions...
Page 219 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Contents GENERAL TEST EQUIPMENT REQUIRED PRELIMINARY INSTRUCTIONS Wiring check Insulation test Module data check and information on the ratings label SECONDARY INJECTION TESTS Settings Isolation Initial shecks, including self-check facilities Level detector checks 4.4.1 Voltage level detectors 4.4.2 Fixed current level detector checks...
Page 220 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Contents 5.2.5 Block auto reclose checks Blocking scheme (06 or 07) 5.3.1 Measurement of tD 5.3.2 Aided trip and tp check 5.3.3 Signal send check 5.3.4 Signal receive check 5.3.5 Block auto reclose checks Permissive overreach scheme (04 or 05) 5.4.1 Aided trip check...
Page 221 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 1 of 24 Section 1. GENERAL The commissioning engineer should be supplied with all the required settings for the relay; a chart is provided for this purpose in the application notes. If all settings are not supplied, there are worked examples in the application notes for guidance.
Page 222 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 2 of 24 Section 3. PRELIMINARY INSTRUCTIONS Wiring check Check all panel wiring against the scheme wiring diagram. (The general relay external connection diagram is supplied with these instructions but it may not be the latest issue).
Page 223 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 3 of 24 SHPM101 – '000'000'000 Meaning Relay Case None A is the first issue and other letters Wiring indicate minor case changes Case Mounting Type Sequential number for various combinations R = Rack of 3 alpha module numbers 000 to 200 for F = Flush relays with ‘Quad’...
Page 224 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 4 of 24 Initial checks, including self-check facilities If the dc supplies are available on the panel they can be checked on test plug 1Z red ringed terminals 5(+) and 6(–). If the supply is within the required operative range it can be linked through to the relay.
Page 225 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 5 of 24 d) The detection of pole dead. e) The weak infeed feature. Select test option 43 (W = 4, Y = 3) all the LEDs now have a different function from that on the nameplate. Apply volts in turn to each voltage input and check that the LED indicated lights when 49 volts is applied and does not when 40 volts is applied.
Page 226 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 6 of 24 Select test option 53 and inject current as in previous test. Determine the pick- up; drop-off should be within 10% of the actual pick-up. Level detector Terminals injected LED marking A phase 1Y 1–2 B phase...
Page 227 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 7 of 24 The voltage supply to any test set working off 3 phase supplies should be checked for correct phase rotation. The test blocks should be connected as shown in Figure 1. The particular scheme option numbers should be selected (if 08 or 09 is selected energise RESET Z1 EXT.
Page 228 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 8 of 24 4.5.3 Phase faults The appropriate loop impedance is now: (K1 + K2) (K11 + K12 + K13) 2 x K14 ohms Carry out the tests as for the ground faults, starting with A–B and proceeding to B–C and C–A faults.
Page 229 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 9 of 24 and for reverse reach ground faults is: (K1 + K2 + K4 + K5 + K6) (K35 + K36) K33 x K37 ohms The phase fault loop impedances required are; for forward faults: 2 x (K1 + K2) (K31 + K32) K33 ohms and for reverse phase faults:...
Page 230 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 10 of 24 If the polarising quantities are not correct or if the voltage filters are in initially, times may increase by 10 – 15ms. Times on 60HZ are approximately 10% faster. The operation times should be checked for each phase-ground and each phase- phase element.
Page 231 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 11 of 24 These impedances must be prepared as A–B phase faults. The boundary may be determined either by momentarily applying the fault or by gradually decreasing the impedance until the voltmeter reading fails. For the reverse reach an additional tolerance of ±15% is allowed.
Page 232 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 12 of 24 given. If set for blocking this can take place instantaneously if a comparator operates. 4.13.1 Operation on zero sequence volts Apply balanced 3 phase-neutral volts and reduce the voltage on one phase until V~FAIL indication is obtained.
Page 233 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 13 of 24 Now with the opto coupler still energised, apply a Zone 1 ground fault, a Zone 2 phase fault and a Zone 3 reverse (if offset) earth fault. No operation should occur. De-energise the MCB opto coupler and normal operation will occur but note the VTS light requires resetting.
Page 234 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 14 of 24 Note: If SW1 is set to the left the fault current may be reversed to confirm Zone 3 comparators are part of the SOTF feature. 4.15 Memory feature check (synchronous polarising) The memory is mainly to deal with 3 phase close up faults but is made to run out when any voltage level detector resets or when any comparator operates.
Page 235 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 15 of 24 will operate. Any combination of SW1–5 can be selected to give the trip contacts required for single or three phase tripping as required later. Check that removing the link on the 1Z 10 test block terminals stops any contact operation and the relay available LED ceases to be illuminated.
Page 236 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 16 of 24 to the right, check that the signal send contacts will close when the reset button is pressed. Note: other contacts may also operate, depending on the position of the other SW switches.
Page 237 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 17 of 24 The recommended setting is: if the channel reset time is 10ms or greater than 10ms. = 12ms if the channel reset time is less than 10ms. Note: If t is set to 0 or 6ms, the time actually measured can be as high as 5 or 6ms.
Page 238 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 18 of 24 Switch SW6 controls whether or not auto reclose is blocked when the channel is out of service. If SW6 is set to the right, check that the block auto reclose contact (Terminals B25–26) is closed when the channel in service opto isolator is not energised.
Page 239 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 19 of 24 Note: Timers will treat the voltage as a normally open contact provided terminal 2 goes to the common terminal on the timer. 5.4.4 Measurement of t When the current reversal guard is picked up, transfer tripping is inhibited until the permissive trip signal is removed or the Zone 2 comparator operates.
Page 240 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 20 of 24 5.4.8 Weak infeed feature If this is to be used SW8 should now be moved to the right. If it is also to be used to give a direct 3 phase aided trip, SW7 will also be set to the right later.
Page 241 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 21 of 24 An engineer will be required at each end of the protected line and some form of verbal communication is necessary. The test options to be used in the channel check have already been checked in Sections 5.2, 5.3 or 5.4.
Page 242 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 22 of 24 Connect A–N volts (1Z 1–4 red terminals) to a phase angle meter voltage input terminals, giving careful attention to polarity. Use another test plug to connect the phase angle meter current terminals in series with the A phase current.
Page 243 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 23 of 24 In this case it can also be seen that operation would be obtained by reversing the current and voltage rotation need not be carried out. To enable any load condition to be understood Figure 11C provides the facility for drawing the characteristic.
Page 244 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Page 24 of 24 Code selection switch number Scheme Type of tripping Basic 1Ph and 3Ph Basic 3Ph only Permissive underreach 1Ph and 3Ph Permissive underreach 3Ph only Permissive overreach 1Ph and 3Ph Permissive overreach 3Ph only Blocking 1Ph and 3Ph...
Page 245 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Appendix A Page 1 of 18 (Top rack) Memory check Connect 1Z Terminals 1, 2 and 3 together, apply a close up C–N fault with adequate source impedance The references show which case terminals are connected to the red side of the test plug when...
Page 246 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Appendix A Page 2 of 18 Code selection switch number Scheme Type of tripping Basic 1Ph and 3Ph Basic 3Ph only Permissive underreach 1Ph and 3Ph Permissive underreach 3Ph only Permissive overreach 1Ph and 3Ph Permissive overreach 3Ph only Blocking...
Page 247 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Appendix A Page 3 of 18 Test Test and method Comments option indications Zone 1 comparators A–N Amplitude and angular Gated with low set hysteresis operate on current level detectors B–N any Zone 1 comparator. C–N No tripping will occur (Secondary inject...
Page 248 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Appendix A Page 4 of 18 Test Test and method Comments option indications Overvoltage level A–N detectors B–N (secondary inject C–N voltage Pushbutton & push– button override (operate push- button or apply 0V to SK1 Pin 9) Low set current level detectors AIDED TRIP...
Page 249 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Appendix A Page 5 of 18 Test Test and method Comments option indications Zone 1 comparators A–N As option 40 (secondary inject B–N Zone 1 fault) C–N A–B B–C C–A AIDED TRIP Breaker open opto SOTF input (apply rated volts to A3–A4)
Page 250 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Appendix A Page 6 of 18 Test Test and method Comments option indications Memory input volts Option 53, LED B (apply rated volts may be latched on or to C Phase) off when rated volts are not present.
Page 251 (press push button) is indicated in binary coded decimal form. AIDED TRIP Information SOTF given is V~FAIL intended for ALSTOM T&D use. Code selection CSNX8 The binary number (enter F0 coded decimal to socket 1) form of each code switch...
Page 252 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Appendix A Page 8 of 18 85z-1 Phase rotation Reset Z1 ext Signal send (1) 85z-2 Breaker open Signal send (2) (See note 2) 94A-1 Direction of power flow Inhibit power swing blocking Trip A (1) for operation (See note 2) 94A-2...
Page 253 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Appendix A Page 9 of 18 95z-1 Reset Z1 ext Phase rotation Signal send (1) 95z-2 Breaker open Signal send (2) (See note 2) 94A-1 Direction of power flow Inhibit power swing blocking for operation (See note 2) 94A-2 Channel in service...
Page 254 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Appendix A Page 10 of 18 Figure 5: Two Quadramho types both have 18 measuring elements and PSB...
Page 255 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Appendix A Page 11 of 18 Auxiliary relay mode – normal scheme option operations only Test Signal Equivalent Function Equivalent socket (active auxiliary relay low) SK2–25 SK A IND Trip for fault on A phase SK2–24 SK B IND Trip for fault on B phase...
Page 256 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Appendix A Page 12 of 18 Test Output tested and switch to Output given on the rear terminals option be set to the right and/or the monitor point box “A” Indication Pressing the reset SK2–25 “B”...
Page 257 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Appendix A Page 13 of 18 Information required by the commissioning engineer Station _________________ Circuit _________________ SHPM1 1 | RRZ07 2 | RRM08 3 | RRM09 4 | RCL10 5 | RFV04 6 | RVC53 K1 = K11 = K31 =...
Page 258 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Appendix A Page 14 of 18 Lower rack Upper rack Upper rack All connections must be made before plug is inserted For current reversal For rotation of the voltages Figure 9: Test plug connections for on load tests...
Page 259 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Appendix A Page 15 of 18 + MW θ θ – MVAR +MVAR θ θ – MW – = Import + = Export M.V.A.R. θ =TAN –1 Figure 10: Determination of load angle from load information...
Page 260 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Appendix A Page 16 of 18 Lead NOTE: On load checks only involve operation of phase -phase compararors for simplicity these diagrams are drawn on a single phase basic Measured at relay with phase angle meter θ...
Page 261 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Appendix A Page 17 of 18 Lead Voltage connections for operation(see Fig. 9C) Line Relay Also it is seen that current reversal will give operation for the normal voltage connections Measured at relay θ1 with a phase angle meter θ...
Page 262 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Appendix A Page 18 of 18 0° LEAD 90° 270° 180° Figure 11c...
Page 263 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Addendum 1 Page 1 of 3 STATIC DISTANCE PROTECTION TYPE SHPM Calculation of reach settings (A worked example is given in the application notes) Station __________________________ Date ____________________________ Circuit __________________________ Engineer ________________________ Panel ___________________________ Contract _________________________ Scheme options __________________ Drawings ________________________...
Page 264 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Addendum 1 Page 2 of 3 SETTINGS ON RELAY Zone 1 ohmic reach = 80% of length of line 1 x Z1 (secondary) = ___________ ohms Select K1 + K2 = 4.8 unless the required reach is less than 4.8 ohms (0.96 ohm if = 5A) when a value equal to slightly less than the reach should be chosen.
Page 265 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Addendum 1 Page 3 of 3 Zone 3 ohmic reach (reverse) = __________ ohms (secondary) Divide the required Zone 3' reach by ZPh to obtain the Zone 3' multiplying factor (K35 + K36) K33 x K37 = _______________________ K35 = ______________________ K36 = ______________________ K37 = ______________________...
Page 267 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Addendum 2 Page 1 of 13 STATIC DISTANCE PROTECTION TYPE SHPM Station __________________________ Date ____________________________ Circuit __________________________ Engineer ________________________ Panel ___________________________ Contract _________________________ Scheme option ___________________ Drawings ________________________ TEST RESULTS PRELIMINARY CHECKS (Tick boxes if correct) Wiring check Insulation test Relay and module data check...
Page 268 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Addendum 2 Page 2 of 13 PHASE CURRENT LEVEL DETECTOR CHECKS Low-sets (test option 43) Pick-up = A (±10%) K1 + K2 K1 + K2 = ________ = ________ A Nominal pick-up = _________ Level Terminals Pick-up...
Page 269 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Addendum 2 Page 3 of 13 High-set (test option 53, LED indication V~FAIL) Minimum operate level = A (±20%) K1 + K2 = ________ A Measured value injecting into A phase (1Y 1 – 2) = _____________ mA Measured value injecting into B phase (1Y 3 –...
Page 270 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Addendum 2 Page 4 of 13 Relay Reqd Fault Relay Relay Equiv Actual Z Ω angle reach type volts amps Error θn/θph —° Zone A – G B – G —° C – G —°...
Page 271 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Addendum 2 Page 5 of 13...
Page 272 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Addendum 2 Page 6 of 13 POWER SWING BLOCKING FEATURE (IF USED) Zone 6 Boundary (Inject A – B) Forward loop impedance required = 1.3 x forward Zone 3 loop impedance = _________ ohms Measured loop impedance = _________ ohms Reverse loop impedance required = Zone 3 reverse loop impedance + (0.3 x forward Zone 3 loop impedance)
Page 273 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Addendum 2 Page 7 of 13 Prevention of operation with zero sequence current Function correct Relay inoperative obtained when SW3 to the right Instantaneous indication and tripping obtained with SW3 to the left Comparators blocked and time delayed indication obtained with SW3 to the right SWITCH-ON-TO-FAULT FEATURE (MODE CONTROLLED BY SW1 AND SW2) SOTF indication...
Page 274 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Addendum 2 Page 8 of 13 SCHEME TESTS TO BE DONE FOR SELECTED SCHEME ZONE 1 EXTENSION SCHEME (08 or 09) Loop impedances required are K15 x the Zone 1 requirements in the main table. Phase faults Required Nominal...
Page 275 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Addendum 2 Page 9 of 13 PERMISSIVE UNDERREACH SCHEME (02 or 03) Aided trip check Instantaneous trip with aided trip Indication obtained for Zone 2 Fault with signal receive opto isolator energised Signal receive delay on drop-off (90 = 110ms) Time measured = _________ ms Signal send check Contact operation for Zone 1 fault...
Page 276 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Addendum 2 Page 10 of 13 Aided trip Instantaneous aided trip obtained for Zone 2 fault and no signal received Zone 2 time delayed trip obtained for Zone 2 fault and signal received Measurement of t p Operation times with t p = 0 ________ , _________ ,...
Page 277 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Addendum 2 Page 11 of 13 PERMISSIVE OVERREACH SCHEME (04 or 05) Aided trip Instantaneous aided trip obtained for Zone 2 fault and signal received Signal send check Contacts (B1-2, B3-4) close immediately for a Zone 2 fault Contacts operation in test option 62 with SW8 to the right Measurement of t p Time from signal receive to signal receive annunciate on monitor point box...
Page 278 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Addendum 2 Page 12 of 13 Echo feature (if used) Check that no echo is given until the breaker has been open for at least 60ms by measuring time from breaker open (with signal receive energised) to signal send. Expected time 65 –...
Page 279 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Addendum 2 Page 13 of 13 SIGNALLING CHANNEL CHECK (SCHEMES 02 to 07) Signal receive at end A correct Signal receive at end B correct Test option 62 is used to send Test option 41 is used to check the signal receive TRIP TEST (Test option 88) Select required SW switches to the right to check breaker operation when reset is pressed.
Page 281 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Addendum 3 Page 1 of 1 NEW RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TIMER SETTINGS IN THE CURRENT REVERSAL GUARDS Permissive Overreach Scheme 04 or 05 If the current reversal guard is not required, ie there is no parallel line or the Zone 2 reach is not set to more than 150% of the line length, then set t D = 0 and t p = 90ms.
Page 283 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Addendum 4 Page 1 of 2 USE OF DOBLE TEST TO COMMISSION QUADRAMHO There are no problems with the Doble F3 test set; however, a problem occurs when finding phase to phase reach using the teed configuration of voltage from the test set.
Page 284 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 5 Addendum 4 Page 2 of 2 The 3 voltages are set up as follows: Voltage Amp 1 A phase (reference) Voltage Amp 2 B phase (120° lag) Voltage Amp 3 C phase (120° lead) Magnitude of A is full phase voltage.
Page 285 Quadramho Distance Protection Type SHPM 101 Service Manual Chapter 6 Problem Analysis...
Page 287 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Contents INTRODUCTION INITIAL TESTS Test equipment required QUICK FAULT FINDING GUIDE TEST PROCEDURE Test equipment required General notes Initial checks, including self-check facilities Trip test function check On angle reach checks 4.5.1 Zone 1 reach tests 4.5.2 Zone 1 ext reach checks 4.5.3...
Page 289 The following tests are designed to locate a faulty module which can then be returned to ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd for repair. The tests may be used in conjunction with the commissioning instructions Chapter 5 in the event of a fault being detected.
Page 290 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Page 2 of 12 self-check on Zone 1 comparators via the top six LED. A failure is indicated by a LED being off. Repeat for Zone 2 by selecting option 46 and Zone 3 by option 47. In this option the LED “SOTF”...
Page 291 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Page 3 of 12 General notes All the relay contacts can be prevented from operating while the rest of the relay functions normally and gives indications, also signals for operation times can be taken from the monitor point box. It is however necessary to check the operation of contacts during testing, so alternative trip isolation must be obtained as necessary by removing the circuit breaker trip isolation links.
Page 292 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Page 4 of 12 Trip test function check During this test the trip contacts will close so care is needed if the contacts are connected to a system. Select option 88 and using the information in Figure 3 select the appropriate switch to the right and check the trip contacts close when the reset pushbutton is pressed.
Page 293 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Page 5 of 12 iii) Phase faults The appropriate loop impedance is now: 2 x K14 (K1 + K2) (K11 + K12 + K13) ohms Carry out the tests as for the ground faults, starting with A-B and proceeding to B-C and C-A faults.
Page 294 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Page 6 of 12 and for reverse reach ground faults is: (K1 + K2 + K4 + K5 + K6) (K35 + K36) K33 x K37 ohms The phase fault loop impedances required are for forward faults: 2 x (K1 + K2) (K31 + K32) K33 ohms and for reverse phase faults:...
Page 295 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Page 7 of 12 Zone 1 operation times Zone 1 operation times should be checked by applying a fault at 50% (approximately) of the Zone 1 reach. An interval timer should be started when the fault is applied and stopped from the any trip output SK2-11 of the 25 way monitor point box.
Page 296 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Page 8 of 12 applied. If preferred the precise pick-up can be determined and the drop-off should be within 10% of that value. Level detector Terminals injected LED marking A phase 1Z 1-4 B phase 1Z 2-4 C phase 1Z 3-4...
Page 297 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Page 9 of 12 i) Low set Minimum operate level = amps (±20%) K1 + K2 Select test option 43, inject current into any phase and check the minimum operate level as indicated by the LED marked “V~FAIL”. Drop-off should be within 10% of the actual pick-up.
Page 298 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Page 10 of 12 Self checking Remove the dc and ac supplies from the relay and select option 00 and SW5 to the right. Reconnect the dc and check the relay available LED is on. Connect the three phase-neutral voltages and ensure they are each above 50V.
Page 299 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Page 11 of 12 i) Transphasor main winding 0.34 ±1% – where Y is either A, B, C or N and IY is the primary current. ii) Transphasor additional winding 0.068 ±1% – In common iii) Current transformer (Quadrilateral version only) 0.544...
Page 300 Section 6 REPAIRS Should the need arise for the equipment to be returned to ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd for repair, then the form at the back of this manual should be completed and sent with the equipment, together with a copy of any...
Page 301 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Addendum A Page 1 of 15 Test option no. Test and method LED indications Comments Zone 1 comparators gated A–N Amplitude and with low set current B–N angular hysteresis level detectors C–N operate on any Zone 1 comparator.
Page 302 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Addendum A Page 2 of 15 Test option no. Test and method LED indications Comments Overvoltage level A–N detectors B–N (secondary inject voltage) C–N Pushbutton & pushbutton override (operate push-button or apply 0V to SK1 Pin9) Low set current level detectors AIDED TRIP...
Page 303 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Addendum A Page 3 of 15 Test option no. Test and method LED indications Comments Self check of Zone 3 A–N As option 45 comparators B–N C–N A–B A–B B–C C–A AIDED TRIP Self check of Zone 6 A–B SOTF comparator...
Page 304 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Addendum A Page 4 of 15 Test option no. Test and method LED indications Comments Zone 3 comparators A–N As option 42. (secondary inject B–N Zone 3 fault) C–N A–B B–C C–A AIDED TRIP Zero sequence voltage level SOTF detector (apply low voltage and increase to pick up)
Page 305 AIDED TRIP Information given SOTF is intended for V~FAIL ALSTOM Protection & Control Ltd use. Code selection CSNX 8 The binary coded number (enter F0 decimal form of to socket) each code switch...
Page 306 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Addendum A Page 6 of 15 Auxiliary relay – module normal scheme option operations only Test Signal Equivalent Function Equivalent socket pin (active low) auxiliary SK2–25 SK A IND Trip for fault on A phase SK2–24 SK B IND Trip for fault on B phase...
Page 307 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Addendum A Page 7 of 15 Test Output tested and switch to Output given on the rear terminals option no. be set to the right and/or the monitor point box “A” Indication SW8 Pressing the reset SK2–25 “B”...
Page 308 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Addendum A Page 8 of 15 Secondary injection Z (top rack) Memory check Connect 1Z Terminals 1, 2 and 3 together, apply a close up C-N fault with adequate source impedance The references show which case terminals are connected to the red side of the...
Page 309 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Addendum A Page 9 of 15 Code selection switch number Scheme Type of tripping Basic 1Ph and 3Ph Basic 3Ph only Permissive underreach 1Ph and 3Ph Permissive underreach 3Ph only Permissive overreach 1Ph and 3Ph Permissive overreach 3Ph only Blocking...
Page 310 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Addendum A Page 10 of 15 80° Figure 6: Lenticular characteristic...
Page 311 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Addendum A Page 11 of 15 Fails Initial check 4.3 Section 1 Fails Replace module 4 (RCL10) Fails Trip contacts 4.4 Section 2.6 Pass Replace module 6 (RVC53) Fails Reach checks 4.5 Reach of one or more No operation of one or more elements elements inaccurate...
Page 312 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Addendum A Page 12 of 15 Check current level detectors Correct Classify faulty elements using test 4.5 All elements in Justl elements in Just elements in All G/F and P/F elements Quad only just G/F Z1/Z2/Z3 Z1/Z2 involving a current...
Page 313 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Addendum A Page 13 of 15 Replace module 3 Only Z3 (RRM09) elements faulty Only Z2 elements faulty Pass Only Z1/Z1X Replace module 2 Check 21 ext 5.8 elements faulty (RRM08) Pass Replace module 1 (RRZ07) All G/F Check current input...
Page 314 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Addendum A Page 14 of 15 Level detector operating cont or not Low set current and voltage Check level detectors level detectors equally 5.4 and 5.5 innacurate Check clock frequency Fail Pass Replace module 2 Replace module 1 (RRM08) (RRM07)
Page 315 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 6 Addendum A Page 15 of 15 54.1 Fail Pass Remove module 1 5.4.2 repeat 5.4.1 Pass Fail All 3 level detectors pick up 5.4.3 Replace module 1 Replace module 4 (RRZ07) (RCL10) 1 or 2 level detectors pick up 5.4.3 No level detectors are picked up 5.4.3...
Page 317 Quadramho Distance Protection Type SHPM 101 Service Manual Chapter 7 Relay Identification...
Page 319 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 7 Contents MODULES CASES SCHEMES CASE IDENTIFICATION CODING MODULE POSITIONS...
Page 321 SCHEMES Where an auxiliary subrack forms part of a more complex scheme, that is, in conjunction with other ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control equipment, a coding comprising five letters and six numbers is used. The related scheme or system diagrams are coded L12 VWXYZ 000 000 or L41 VWXYZ 000 000 where the numbers 12 or 14 indicate ‘tender’...
Page 322 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 7 Page 2 of 2 Section 4. CASE IDENTIFICATION CODING The four letter code identifying an auxiliary subrack assembly are specified as follows. The first letter is always Z, the second letter is D if the case height is one subrack and K if it is two.
Page 323 Quadramho Distance Protection Type SHPM 101 Service Manual Chapter 8 Special Variations...
Page 325 SERVICE MANUAL R5888B QUADRAMHO Chapter 8 Contents SPECIAL VARIATIONS OF QUADRAMHO PM001 PM001 PM003 PM003 PM005 PM006 PM007 1.7.1 Fault locator contacts 1.7.2 MCB blocking input opto-coupler 1.7.3 Channel in service opto-coupler PM008...
Page 327 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 8 Page 1 of 5 Section 1. SPECIAL VARIATIONS OF QUADRAMHO Due to the nature of construction of Quadramho, all features are supplied as standard and consequently few variations in hardware are possible. However, a number of special schemes have been developed for various customers and these are implemented by change in the EPROM in module 4 (RCL10).
Page 328 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter8 Page 2 of 5 PM003 If module 4 is: RCL 10 001 030 RCL 10 001 031 RCL 10 001 032 The relay is fitted with a special scheme initially developed for TVA/BC Hydro, North America. this scheme contains three three-phase schemes only: Basic Block Due to the nature of the application, 2 of the opto-isolators and the fault locator...
Page 329 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 8 Page 3 of 5 PM004 If module 4 is: RCL 10 001 040 RCL 10 001 041 RCL 10 001 042 The relay is fitted with a special scheme initially developed for WAPDA, Pakistan. Apart from the format of the indications the scheme is standard.
Page 330 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter8 Page 4 of 5 with reset Zone 1 extension. This approach ensures that other features are retained. Case connection diagrams: Single and three phase tripping S10 SHPM101 sheet 7 Three phase tripping only S10 SHPM101 sheet 8 PM007 If module 4 is: RCL 10 001 070 RCL 10 001 071...
Page 331 SERVICE MANUAL R5888C QUADRAMHO Chapter 8 Page 5 of 5 PM008 If module 4 is: RCL 10 001 080 RCL 10 001 081 RCL 10 001 082 The relay is suitable for 60Hz applications only. It is fitted with a revised program to allow the relay to work with miniature circuit breakers instead of fuses in the VT supply This has produced some far reaching changes in the way the relay performs.
Page 333 REPAIR FORM Please complete this form and return it to ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd with the equipment to be repaired. This form may also be used in the case of application queries. ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd St.
Page 334 What did happen? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ When did the fault occur? Instant Yes/No Intermittent Yes/No Time delayed Yes/No (Delete as appropriate). By how long? ___________ What indications if any did the relay show? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Was there any visual damage? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________...
Page 336 Fax: 44 (0) 1785 212232 Email: enquiries@pcs.alstom.co.uk Internet: www.alstomgpc.co.uk ©1998 ALSTOM T&D Protection & Control Ltd Our policy is one of continuous product development and the right is reserved to supply equipment which may vary from that described. Publication R5888C...

Alstom SHPM 101 Service Manual

1 General

2 Relay Characteristics

3 Schemes Available on Relay

4 Choice of Characteristic

7 Choice of Zone 3 Impedance Reach

8 Power Swing Blocking Feature (Psb)

11 Choice of Aspect Ratio (Lenticular Zone 3 Characteristic)

12 Choice of Relay Characteristic Angles

13 Zone Time Delay Settings

14 Switch-On-To-Fault Tripping Feature (Sotf)

15 Selection of Scheme Logic Programs

16 Setting of Scheme Option Switches

17 Discussion on Application of Various Distance Scheme Options

18 Timer Settings for Distance Scheme Logic of Quadramho

19 Current Transformer Requirements

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Summary of Contents for Alstom SHPM 101

Alstom SHPM 101 Service Manual

1 General

2 Relay Characteristics

3 Schemes Available on Relay

4 Choice of Characteristic

7 Choice of Zone 3 Impedance Reach

8 Power Swing Blocking Feature (Psb)

11 Choice of Aspect Ratio (Lenticular Zone 3 Characteristic)

12 Choice of Relay Characteristic Angles

13 Zone Time Delay Settings

14 Switch-On-To-Fault Tripping Feature (Sotf)

15 Selection of Scheme Logic Programs

16 Setting of Scheme Option Switches

17 Discussion on Application of Various Distance Scheme Options

18 Timer Settings for Distance Scheme Logic of Quadramho

19 Current Transformer Requirements

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Need help?

Questions and answers

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Summary of Contents for Alstom SHPM 101

Table of Contents