TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ................................5 CONVENTIONS, TERMINOLOGY AND ABBREVIATIONS ....................6 INTENDED USE ................................7 ACCESSORIES LIST ................................. 8 LIMITED COPYRIGHT RELEASE ............................9 WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS REGARDING USE ......................10 ............................10 AND PULSE OXIMETER ......................11 PULSE OXIMETER SPECIFIC WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS SYMBOLS AND ICONS ..............................13 UNPACKING, ASSEMBLY AND CONNECTIONS ......................14 SET‐UP ..................................15 ..............................16 EXTERNAL GAS SOURCES ..........................17 VENTILATOR CIRCUIT CONNECTIONS ........................
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ALARM FUNCTIONS ..............................39 ................................ 39 ALARM PRIORITIES ............................ 40 VENTILATOR ALARM CATEGORIES .............................. 42 PULSE OXIMETER ALARMS ROUTINE CARE: CALIBRATION, CLEANING AND PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE ............. 45 ..............................45 CALIBRATION CHECKS ..............................45 GENERAL CLEANING ............................45 PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE .......................... 45 REMOVABLE FOAM FILTER REPLACEMENT ................... 46 FRESH GAS EMERGENCY AIR INTAKE DISK FILTER REPLACEMENT ........................ 46 POST CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENT CLEANING BATTERY CAPACITY, CARE AND RECHARGING ......................47 ............................... 47 BATTERY CAPACITY ............................
CONVENTIONS, TERMINOLOGY AND ABBREVIATIONS ONVENTIONS WARNING! A WARNING statement identifies conditions or information that could have an adverse effect upon the patient or operator which if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury. CAUTION! A CAUTION statement provides important information about a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided may result in minor or moderate injury to the patient, operator or damage to the equipment or other property. NOTE: A NOTE provides additional information intended to avoid inconvenience during operation. BBREVIATIONS A/C‐ Assist/Control LED ‐ Light Emitting Diode ACLS‐ Advanced Cardiac Life Support LPM ‐ Liters per Minute ALS‐ Advanced Life Support ml ‐ Milliliters ATLS‐ Advanced Trauma Life Support mm ‐ Millimeter ACV‐ Assist‐Control Ventilation ‐ Oxygen ATPD ‐ Atmospheric Temperature and Pressure, Dry ‐ Airway Pressure BPM ‐ Breaths per Minute PEEP ‐...
INTENDED USE The Model 731EMV+ (EMV+) is indicated for use in the management of infant through adult patients weighing ≥5 kg with acute or chronic respiratory failure or during resuscitation by providing continuous positive‐pressure ventilation. It is appropriate for use in hospitals, outside the hospital, during transport and in austere environments where it may be exposed to rain, dust, rough handling and extremes in temperature and humidity. With an appropriate third‐party filter in place, it may be operated in environments where chemical and/or biological toxins are present (see External Filter Use). It is not intended to operate in explosive environments. The EMV+ is intended for use by skilled care providers with knowledge of mechanical ventilation, emergency medical services (EMS) personnel with a basic knowledge of mechanical ventilation and by first responders under the direction of skilled medical care providers. The EMV+ ventilator is a small, extremely durable, full‐featured portable mechanical ventilator designed to operate in hospitals or austere and under‐resourced environments. It can be used in prehospital (ALS, ATLS, ACLS), field hospital and hospital settings. Easy‐to‐use, durable, lightweight and portable, the EMV+ is built with the same ® standard of quality, reliability and performance that all Impact products are known for. EATURES • Portable critical care ventilator that can be used in the hospital, aeromedical and ground transport, mass casualty situations and extreme environments • Multiple modes of ventilation for use with acute or chronic respiratory failure in both intubated and nonintubated patients. • Intuitive operator interface minimizes operator training and protects existing settings from inadvertent contact and manipulation. • Lightweight (9.7 lbs, 4.4 kg) provides for easy transport • Rechargeable battery provides over 10 hours of operation (at factory default settings with pulse oximeter operating). • Operating temperature range from ‐25° to 75° C • Altitude compensation to ‐2000 to 25,000 feet • Self‐contained system that operates with or without external O . ...
SHIPPING CONTENTS NOTE: Shipping contents may be different for military and government customers based on contract specifications. Please refer to the packing slip enclosed with your unit. ACCESSORIES LIST The Accessories List contains common items, required from time to time, some of which are not provided with each EMV+ at the time of delivery. Each item is preceded by its part number. Accessories may be ordered direct from Impact or through your local distributor. When ordering, please include the part number, description and quantity required. Send purchase orders to: Impact Instrumentation, Inc. P.O. Box 508 Telephone orders: 973/882‐1212 West Caldwell, New Jersey 07007‐0508 Fax orders: 973/882‐4993 Email: Government Non‐Government govsales@impactii.com ...
LIMITED COPYRIGHT RELEASE Permission is hereby granted to any military/governmental agency to reproduce all materials furnished herein for use in a military/governmental service training program and/or other technical training program. MASIMO PULSE OXIMETER This device uses Masimo SET® technology to provide continuous pulse oximeter and heart rate monitoring and is covered under one or more of the following U.S.A. patents: 5,758,644, 5,823,950, 6,011,986, 6,157,850, 6,263,222, 6,501,975 and other applicable patents listed at www.masimo.com/patents.htm. 9 ...
WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS REGARDING USE EMV+ AND ULSE XIMETER WARNING! Electric shock hazard: Do not remove equipment covers except to replace batteries! An operator may only perform maintenance procedures specifically described in this manual. Refer servicing to Impact or an authorized Impact Service Center in the repair of this equipment. WARNING! The device is intended for use by qualified personnel only! The operator should read this manual, all precautionary information, and specifications before using the device! WARNING! Possible explosion hazard if used in the presence of flammable anesthetics or other flammable substances in combination with air, oxygen‐enriched environments or nitrous oxide! WARNING! During operation the EMV+ unit should not be stacked on top of or under other medical equipment due to the possibility of electromagnetic interference between the EMV+ and other equipment. WARNING! Grounding: • Connect the EMV+ only to a three‐wire, grounded, hospital‐grade receptacle! The three‐conductor plug must be inserted into a properly wired three‐wire receptacle; if a three‐wire receptacle is not available, a qualified electrician must install one in accordance with the governing electrical code. • Do not under any circumstances remove the grounding conductor from the power plug! • Do not use extension cords or adapters of any type! The power cord and plug must be intact and undamaged. •...
CAUTION! Internal components are susceptible to damage from static discharge. Do not remove device covers. NOTE: This Operation Manual is not meant to supersede any controlling standard operating procedure regarding the safe use of assisted ventilation. covers. NOTE: Follow all governing regulations regarding the disposal of any part of this medical device. NOTE: Follow all governing regulations regarding the handling of materials contaminated by body fluids. NOTE: Follow all governing regulations regarding shipment of the Li batteries. ULSE XIMETER PECIFIC ARNINGS ND AUTIONS WARNING! A pulse oximeter should not be used as an apnea monitor. WARNING! A pulse oximeter should be considered an early warning device. As a trend towards patient deoxygenation is indicated, blood samples should be analyzed by a laboratory co‐oximeter to completely understand the patient’s condition. WARNING! MEASUREMENTS If the accuracy of any measurement does not seem reasonable, first check the patient’s vital signs by alternate means and then check the pulse oximeter for proper functioning. Inaccurate measurements may be caused by: •...
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WARNING! Sensors: • ® Before use, carefully read the LNCS sensor directions for use. • Use only Masimo oximetry sensors for SpO measurements. Other oxygen transducers (sensors) may cause improper performance. • ® Tissue damage can be caused by incorrect application or use of an LNCS sensor, for example by wrapping the sensor too tightly. Inspect the sensor site as directed in the sensor Directions for Use to ensure skin integrity and correct positioning and adhesion of the sensor. • ® ® Do not damage LNCS sensors. Do not use an LNCS sensor with exposed optical components. Do not immerse the sensor in water, solvents, or cleaning solutions (the sensors and connectors are not waterproof). Do not sterilize by irradiation, steam or ethylene oxide. See the cleaning instructions in the ® directions for reusable Masimo LNCS sensors. • Do not use damaged patient cables. Do not immerse the patient cables in water, solvents or cleaning solutions (the patient cables are not waterproof). Do not sterilize by irradiation, steam or ethylene oxide. See the cleaning instructions in the directions for reusable Masimo patient cables. CAUTION! Possession or purchase of this device does not convey any expressed or implied license to use the device with unauthorized sensors or cables which would, alone, or in combination with this device fall within the scope of one or more of the patents relating to this device. Impact cannot assure the proper functioning of this device if it is used with unauthorized sensors or cables. 12 ...
UNPACKING, ASSEMBLY AND CONNECTIONS NPACKING Compare shipping case contents against Shipping Contents list. Examine the device and accessories for any obvious signs of shipping damage. If there is no apparent sign of mechanical damage, read instructions contained within this manual before attempting operation. SSEMBLY The EMV+ only requires that the operator attach the breathing circuit to begin ventilation using either internal or external power. Both the ventilator and breathing circuit are supplied clean and are ready for use on a patient. The EMV+ batteries may not be installed within the unit (depending upon the contractual requirements or the storage environment as described in the Battery Care and Recharging section). Battery installation may be required prior to operation. (See Appendix 4 for Battery Installation.) ONNECTIONS OXYGEN INPUT – connects the unit to the output of an appropriate O regulator attached to a medical‐grade (USP) cylinder. The OXYGEN IN fitting has a male oxygen Diameter Index Safety System (D.I.S.S.) thread. It is located on the Connector Panel at the top of the unit (see Figure 2). A green (white for some installations), 6 foot long high‐pressure oxygen hose with compatible fittings that provides for connection between the unit and the O source is required. (Also see Harsh Environment Operation section). NOTE: If external O is connected the gas pressure must be at least 41‐psig (± 2 psig) when SELF‐CHECK is performed. GAS OUTPUT ‐ connects to the ventilator circuit 22 mm ID corrugated hose. The connector is a 22 mm male conical connection. It is located on the Connector Panel at the top of the unit (see Figure 2). FRESH GAS/EMERGENCY AIR INTAKE – allows ambient air into the EMV+’s internal compressor. The port also functions as the internal anti‐asphyxia valve which allows the patient to breathe ambient air in the event of a ventilator failure. The intake contains a particulate filter and permits the operator to connect either a bacterial/viral or a chemical/biological filter depending on ambient conditions (see Figure 2). TRANSDUCER (Patient Airway Pressure) – connects to the ventilator circuit 3/16" ID transducer tubing. The barb‐ type connector is colored a blue/green to distinguish it from the other connectors (see Figure 2). NOTE: The 3/16" ID ventilator circuit transducer tubing is a blue/green (darker) color. It is located on the Connector Panel at the top of the unit. ...
XTERNAL AS OURCES The EMV+ can operate using high‐pressure O from either bottled O or piped O sources, as illustrated in Figure 3. 3 XTERNAL AS OURCES IGURE 16 ...
4 RESH GAS EMERGENCY AIR INTAKE IGURE WARNING! Never block the FRESH GAS/EMERGENCY AIR INTAKE. A free flow of air is required during compressor operation or in the event of a device failure to allow spontaneous breathing. The FRESH GAS/EMERGENCY AIR INTAKE also acts as an anti‐asphyxia port in the event of a ventilator failure. ENTILATOR IRCUIT ONNECTIONS The EMV+ is designed to operate using a standard disposable ventilator circuit. The circuit is attached to the ventilator as shown in Figure 5. 5 ENTILATOR IRCUIT EVICE ONNECTIONS IGURE CAUTION! Always dispose of the circuit after single patient use following the institutional guidelines for biologically contaminated material. Reusing the circuit can result in cross contamination between patients. 17 ...
ENTILATOR IRCUIT ATIENT ONNECTIONS The EMV+ is compatible with either one of two different single limb vent circuits: Infant/ Pediatric (Part #820‐ 0107‐00) and Pediatric/Adult (Part #820‐0106‐00). These are illustrated in Figure 6. 6 ENTILATOR IRCUIT ATIENT ONNECTION IGURE 18 ...
& PERATING OWER ELECTION TOPPING The EMV+ is designed to operate using any one of three power sources: 1. Internal 14.8V lithium ion (Li Ion) rechargeable battery with 6.6 Ah capacity (fully charged, the battery provides 10 hours of operation at factory default settings with pulse oximeter operating at 25° C). 2. External AC/DC Power Supply (90 to 260 VAC 47 to 440 Hz) with IEC 320 style AC input connector (supplied). The AC/DC Power Supply provides a DC output of 24V at 4.2A. 3. External DC power from a standard vehicle DC outlet using the 12 or 28 VDC Power Cables. The input connector of the EMV+ is designed to accept DC voltages between 11 and 32 volts, negative ground. CAUTION! When using the standard vehicle DC outlet, the vehicle should not be jump started during operation of the ventilator. The POWER switch is the master power switch. Use this switch to initiate or end operation. WARNING! Never start the ventilator with the patient connected. Always start the ventilator, select the patient settings, assure operation, and then connect the patient. Always manually ventilate the patient when they are not connected to the ventilator. The EMV+ is designed to use external power when available rather than its internal battery pack. When an acceptable external power source is present, the internal battery pack is automatically charged while the unit operates. When an external power failure occurs, the EMV+ automatically switches to its internal battery pack for operating power and activates the E alarm; there is no interruption in operation. When XTERNAL OWER AILURE external power returns, operating power automatically switches from internal power to the external source. ‐C HECK At start up the EMV+ automatically performs a self check that includes a check for pre‐existing alarm conditions. ...
OPERATION OVERVIEW NTRODUCTION The EMV+ is a volume and pressure targeted, time or flow cycled ventilator designed to use either oxygen (O ) from a 55 psig source or fresh air using its internal compressor to deliver a positive pressure breath. The user interface allows the operator to initiate operation of the EMV+ to begin operation at default setting values. When high‐pressure O is connected the internal blender allows the FIO to be set from 21 to 100%. Backpressure from the patient connection does not affect the delivered accuracy of the volume, flow, pressure or FIO . When the FIO is set to 21%, operators may connect a low flow oxygen source at the Fresh Gas/Emergency Air Intake using the reservoir (see Appendix 6: Use of Low Flow Oxygen). A suite of alarms alert the operator when conditions exceed parameter limits or when operation is affected by an external or internal fault or failure. When an alarm occurs the operator is alerted by audible and visual indicators while context sensitive help messages are displayed in the LCD’s Alarm Message Center guide. Operating power is from an external AC/DC power converter connected to live AC mains, external DC power, or from the internal rechargeable lithium ion battery. Fresh air is filtered using a particulate filter or, when the operating environment requires, a bacterial/viral filter or a chemical/biological filter may be attached. ULSE XIMETER At start up the EMV+ checks the pulse oximeter connection; if a sensor is connected the unit begins the pulse search and all pulse oximeter alarms (SpO , HR and signal) are active. During the first minute of operation alarms are disabled to allow the operator to configure the device and sensor. If no sensor is detected the unit starts with the pulse oximeter functions turned off. The heart rate and SpO parameter windows display “off” to remind the operator that these functions are not available. Pulse oximeter functions will automatically start when the operator connects a pulse oximeter sensor. See Appendix 3: Pulse Oximeter Principles and Specifications. The pulse oximeter and its accessory probes and cables are intended for continuous noninvasive monitoring of functional oxygen saturation of arterial hemoglobin (SpO ) and pulse rate (measured by the SpO sensor) for adult, pediatric and infant patients using the appropriate sensor for patient. The pulse oximeter becomes operational in all ventilator modes when its cable and sensor are properly attached to the SpO connector (see Figure 5). ...
DESCRIPTION OF CONTROLS AND DISPLAY The EMV+ contains various controls and indicators that are placed to facilitate ease of use and visibility in all operating environments. A liquid crystal display (LCD) provides continuous display of control settings, operating conditions, power, and alarm status information. The location of each control and indicator is shown in Figure 7 (their respective location callouts are listed below in parenthesis). Most EMV+ functions are controlled by pressing the PARAMETER button associated with the parameter you wish to change. Pressing the PARAMETER button highlights the primary parameter. Additional presses highlight secondary parameters moving in a clockwise direction. When the parameter you wish to change is highlighted, turn the ROTARY ENCODER clockwise or counter clockwise to adjust the parameter to the desired value and confirm the new value by pressing the CONFIRM/SELECT button. Once this is done the highlight goes away and the unit begins operation using the new parameter. The operator may cancel any operation and return to the primary operating screen by pressing the MUTE/CANCEL button. A parameter stays highlighted for 5 seconds; after this time the unit automatically cancels the operation and returns to the default screen. Additional functionality associated with a parameter is viewed in Context Menus which are accessed by pressing and holding (P&H) the parameter button for ~1 second. Parameter and their associated Context Menus are described below. To assist the operator in recognizing parameters that can be changed and those that are dependent on the patient the EMV+ uses “Outlined” text to demonstrate patient dependent values, see Figure 8. Parameters in Outlined text cannot be adjusted. For example, during volume targeted ventilation the PIP value is displayed as outlined text because it is dependent on the patient’s resistance and compliance. In pressure targeted ventilation the tidal volume is outlined text. ...
ONTROLS The Control Panel incorporates all controls and the LCD display. Each control is described in the following text (see Figure 7). Context Menu controls are shown in tables associated with their parameter button. HR (1) – Pressing the HR button highlights the High Heart Rate alarm limit and enables its value to be changed. Pressing the HR button a second time will highlight the current value of the Low Heart Rate Alarm Limit and enable its value to be changed. The HR parameters are functional only when the pulse oximeter is connected. Both limits are adjustable in 1 b/min increments. The default value at start up for the high alarm limit is 120 b/min; the low alarm limit is 40 b/min. To access the HR Context menu press and hold (P&H) the HR parameter button. HR Context Menu Menu Item Range Description Adjusts the SpO2 and HR averaging Averaging 2-4, 4-6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16(t=sec) durations Default: Norm, adjusts the pleth signal sensitivity. Max is designed to interpret and display data for even Sensitivity Norm, Max...
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PIP Context Menu Menu Item Range Description PS value is the pressure over the PEEP Pressure Support 0 to 60 setting NOTE: PIP values greater than 60 cm H O require the user to perform a separate confirmation. (TIDAL VOLUME) (5) ‐ pressing the TIDAL VOLUME highlights the current value and enables it to be changed. When operating in volume targeted modes there are no secondary parameters. In pressure targeted modes high and low tidal volume alarm limits are added to assure a minimum delivered volume and to add sensitivity to leak detection. BPM (BREATHING RATE) (6) – pressing the BPM button highlights the current value and enables it to be changed. Secondary parameters include high breath rate, low breath rate and I:E ratio which can be adjusted by pressing the PARAMETER button the appropriate number of times. Control Parameter: the operator can select which parameter is dependent or independent. Selecting I:E results in the ventilator maintaining the I:E Ratio while the inspiratory time (T ) varies when the breathing rate is changed. Selecting T maintains a constant inspiratory time while the I:E ratio varies when the rate I is changed. Rise Time: the EMV+ allows the operator to adjust the time it takes to reach the full inspiratory flow or ...
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Pressing CONFIRM/SELECT then accesses the parameter variable which is changed by turning the rotary encoder to the desired value. To accept the new parameter value press the CONFIRM/SELECT (the highlight moves from the parameter variable back to the parameter label). For parameters with multiple options pressing CONFIRM/SELECT opens a submenu where the various parameters are selected using the rotary encoder and changed using the process described above. At any point the operator can cancel an operation, return to the previous MENU level or exit the MENU control by pressing the MUTE/CANCEL button. 1. Unit Info: lists the serial number for the unit and Smart Pneumatic Module (SPM), software version, hours of use and last calibration date. Date: the current date (day/month/year), based on the time and date where the calibration was performed. b. Cal Date: displays the date of the last calibration. Hours of Op: displays the hours of operation since the last calibration. d. EMV+ Soft Rev: displays the EMV+ software revision that is in use with the device. e. EMV+ SN: displays the serial number of the EMV+. SPM Soft Rev: displays the SPM software revision that is in use with the device. SPM SN: displays the serial number of the SPM. 2. Trigger Level: allows the operator to adjust the assisted breath trigger from ‐6 to ‐1 cm H O to optimize the patient/ventilator interaction; the default value is ‐2 cm H O below baseline. The setting is not retained when the device is powered off. 3. Pulse Oximeter: allows the operator to turn the pulse oximeter on and off. NOTE: The operator must remove the pulse oximeter cable from the EMV+ before the pulse oximeter can be turned off. 4. O2 Reservoir: allows the operator to tell the device that the 3‐Liter O2 Reservoir Assembly is in use. Using the reservoir can cause a F alarm to occur when the filter resistance is high. RESH AS NTAKE ...
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6. Contrast: allows the operator to adjust the contrast of the LCD to optimize visibility in the current lighting environment. The default is 213; increasing the value increases the contrast while decreasing the value decreases the contrast. During cold weather operation ~ 0 °C the contrast can fade. The operator can improve visibility by increasing the contrast. During operation at temperature extremes the device may start with a contrast setting that renders the display not visible. In these situations the operator can directly access the contrast control directly by pressing and holding the menu and then adjusting the contrast with the Rotary Encoder. 26 ...
ISUAL NDICATORS LCD parameter windows present information relating to settings, menus/instructions, alarm information, pressure measurement data, pulse oximeter data, and heart rate data (see Figure 9). When a parameter, secondary parameter or alarm limit is associated with an active alarm the parameter flashes to help the operator better understand the nature of the alarm condition. HR (A) – displays the HR and Low/High HR alarm limits. A heart icon is also displayed in this window when the pulse oximeter is in use. The icon flashes in sequence with the patient’s heart rate. Immediately to the left of the HR and SpO parameter windows is the pulse oximeter pleth display. When no alarms are present the pleth is displayed; when alarms occur the pleth is removed to allow room for alarm name and resolution instructions. SpO2 (B) – displays the SpO and Low/High SpO alarm limits. FIO2 (C) – displays the set fraction of inspired O . The window also displays the O Use value. PIP (D) – displays the peak airway pressure, PEEP and Low/High PIP alarm limits. During volume targeted ventilation the PIP is displayed as outlined text to remind the operator that it is dependent on the set volume and patient’s respiratory mechanics. (E) – displays the set tidal volume during volume targeted ventilation. During pressure targeted ventilation it displays the delivered tidal volume. This is indicated by the outlined text and by displaying “(Del)” next to “Vt”. In pressure targeted ventilation the High and Low tidal volume alarm limits are displayed. BPM (F) – displays the set breath rate. In addition the High and Low breath rate alarm limits and either the I:E ratio or inspiratory time (depending on the operator configuration) are displayed in this window. MODE (G) – displays the operating mode and the breath target “(V)” for volume or “(P)” for pressure. STATUS INDICATOR LED ARRAY (H) – The STATUS INDICATOR LED ARRAY contains green, yellow and red LED’s. During normal operation the STATUS INDICATOR LED ARRAY is enabled. ALARM MESSAGE CENTER (AMC) (I) – The AMC is a dedicated area of the LCD. At the onset of an alarm, the AMC displays the alarm name and then a series of context‐sensitive help messages. These messages serve to guide the operator by presenting suggestions as to the cause and resolution of a particular alarm. When no alarm is present, ...
LARM NDICATORS The EMV+ uses a comprehensive suite of alarms to alert the operator and guide their actions to resolve the alarm condition and assure patient safety. The primary alarm message is displayed at the top of the AMC while guidance and operator instructions are displayed below the alarm name. When multiple alarms occur they are prioritized and displayed based on the risk to the patient. Refer to Appendix 1: Alarms for a complete description of each alarm and how the EMV+ controls alarm conditions. GREEN – The LED array illuminates green to indicate operating power and that all ventilator and patient parameters are operating as intended. YELLOW – The LED array illuminates yellow to indicate a Low Priority alarm has been detected or that a persistent alarm condition is active. The EMV+ will continue to operate within its safety limits while the yellow LED provides a constant reminder that although it was acknowledged, the condition remains. An example of a persistent alarm is when the compressor inlet filter needs to be changed but the ventilator is still able to deliver the correct tidal volume. When this fault is detected, a Low Priority yellow LED alarm is triggered alerting the user to the event. When the user acknowledges the alarm by pressing the Mute/Cancel pushbutton the yellow LED displays indicating that the unit is operational but, there is a fault or failure that persists As long as the fault or failure exists and the unit is operating the yellow LED will display except during Medium and High Priority Alarms. RED – The LED array illuminates red to indicate High and Medium Priority alarm conditions. The Alarm LED flashes when the alarm occurs. When the MUTE/CANCEL button is pushed the LED illuminates continuously during the 30 seconds that the audible alarm is muted during Medium Priority alarms. Pressing the MUTE/CANCEL button during High Priority alarms has no effect. OP P ESSAGES To prevent setting of unwanted or inadvertent parameter values that are outside of the typical clinical range of settings the EMV+ presents Pop Up messages that ask the operator if they are sure they would like to set the parameter beyond the typical range. When a message occurs the operator is asked to press the SELECT/CONFRIM button before they can adjust a parameter beyond the typical range. Pop Up messages can also alert the user that certain settings are not permitted. A complete list of these Pop Up Messages is given in Appendix 8. An example of a Pop Up Message is illustrated in Figure 10. ...
OPERATION The EMV+ has been designed to ease the learning transition commonly associated with new equipment. Turning the POWER switch to “1” starts an internal SELF CHECK and begins operation with default settings. The operator has the option of delivering volume targeted or pressure targeted breaths. An internal blender enables the EMV+ to deliver O concentrations from 21 to 100% using its internal compressor and/or a standard medical‐grade O source. Additionally, low‐pressure O can be entrained Fresh Gas/Compressor Intake using the reservoir accessory except when a chemical/biological filter is connected. When using the reservoir the FIO should be set to 21% and enable the O Reservoir mode from the User Menu (enabling this avoids nuisance alarms from the compressor inlet sensors). The operator should titrate the flow of O to the reservoir to maintain an adequate SpO value. O Reservoir mode is indicated on the display with a plus “+” sign next to the FIO value. ODES OF PERATION The EMV+ offers a range of modes using both pressure and volume targeting that can be selected to optimally manage the patient. Assist/Control (AC): patient receives either controlled or assisted breaths. When the patient triggers an assisted breath they receive a breath based on either the volume or pressure target. Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV): patient receives controlled breaths based on the set breathing rate. Spontaneous breaths can be either unsupported or supported using Pressure Support. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP): patient receives constant positive airway pressure while breathing spontaneously. Spontaneous breaths can be either unsupported or supported using Pressure Support. Pressure Support (PS): can be used to assist spontaneous breaths in both SIMV and CPAP modes. To set pressure support, Press & Hold the PIP parameter button (while the mode set to either SIMV or CPAP), press the Confirm/Select button to highlight the PS value then turn the Rotary Encoder to the desired value. Once the desired value is selected, press the Confirm/Select button to enable the value and then the Mute/Cancel button to return to the main screen. ...
4. Occlude the patient port with a clean hand or gloved hand. During inspiratory phase the H IGH IRWAY alarm should sound when the airway pressure reaches 35 cm H O. RESSURE IMIT 5. If the H alarm fails to activate, assure that all of the tubing connections are secure IGH IRWAY RESSURE IMIT and the exhalation valve is closing during inhalation and that the High Airway Pressure Limit is set to 35 cm H O or less. 6. After a breath or two release the patient port while allowing the ventilator to operate. The D ISCONNECT alarm should activate. 7. If either the H or D alarms fail to trigger, manually ventilate the patient, IGH IRWAY RESSURE ISCONNECT replace the ventilator and send the unit for service. 8. If operating using the internal battery, verify that the BATTERY icon indicates sufficient available battery capacity remains to support the anticipated duration of operation. If not, begin ventilation and find an alternate source of power. NOTE: The trigger automatically adjusts when the PEEP is changed. ...
6. Once connected to the ventilator, carefully assess the following: Attach the pulse oximeter probe and begin monitoring HR and SpO (See instructions provided with 2 the pulse oximeter probe) . b. Set the high and low HR alarms appropriately for the patient. Set the low SpO limit appropriately for the patient. d. Assess the patient’s breath sounds for bilateral ventilation. e. If this is not possible watch the rise and fall of the chest wall to determine if there is adequate movement on both sides of the chest. Check AIRWAY PRESSURE indicator to determine the peak airway pressure. Set the AIRWAY PRESSURE LIMIT/ALARM 5 to 10 cm H O above the peak pressure. This will prevent excess airway pressure. WARNING! Always set the Low Airway Pressure Limit at least 5 cm H2O above PEEP. Ideally, the value should be 5 cm H2O < PIP. 7. Start a record of the date, time, ventilator settings, power source and patient status. 8. Check the patient and ventilator on a regular basis to assure adequate ventilation and device performance. Listen for, and respond to, all alarms. 9. Reassess the patient and ventilator at least every hour or whenever the patient is moved. When operating on battery power always monitor the battery charge. O HANGE ETTINGS Each parameter button of the EMV+ is associated with a parameter window; each parameter window has a primary parameter and as many as 3 secondary parameters that can be adjusted by the operator based on the mode of operation and breath target. To adjust the primary parameter the operator pushes the parameter button one time; to adjust a secondary parameter the operator pushes the parameter button a second or third time. Each time the parameter button is pushed a different parameter is highlighted in the parameter window. To change a primary or secondary parameter the following sequence is used: 1.
ACK P ENTILATOR The EMV+ contains a built‐in back up ventilator mode that is designed to provide a limited degree of operation should certain types of failures occur to the primary operating system. Depending upon the pre‐existing conditions at the time of failure, the backup ventilator will begin operation in one of two ways: 1. If no pre‐existing alarm condition(s) exists: backup operation will continue using the current settings. 2. If a pre‐existing alarm condition(s) exists: backup operation will revert to the startup default settings (Mode AC (P), volume target, BPM 12, PIP 20 cm H2O, FIO2 21%, PEEP 5 cm H2O, I:E 1:2, PIP limit 25 cm H2O). ULSE XIMETER The pulse oximeter and its accessory probes and cables are intended for continuous noninvasive monitoring of functional oxygen saturation of arterial hemoglobin (SpO ) and pulse rate (measured by the SpO sensor) for infant through adult patients. The pulse oximeter becomes operational in all ventilator modes when its cable and sensor are properly attached to the SpO connector. To operate the pulse oximeter, connect its probe to its patient cable and the patient cable to the SpO connector. The monitoring function will continuously display the patient’s heart rate and SpO value. The operator can set low and high alarm limits. If an alarm occurs, the user can use this information to assess the condition of the patient and as an aid in determining what intervention is required. UMIDIFICATION Heat and Moisture Exchangers (HME’s) can be used with the EMV+. While HME’s may not be suitable for all applications, they facilitate portability in a way that conventional humidifiers cannot. The EMV+ can be used with an optional HME or an optional HME/bacterial viral filter (HMEF). The HME provides heat and moisture to the inspired gas by recycling the heat and moisture contained in the patient’s exhaled gas. Use of an HMEF may help reduce the risk of cross contamination of biologic pathogens that might be transmitted in the patient’s exhaled gas. HMEs or HMEFs attaches between the disposable ventilator circuit and patient's endotracheal tube. Be sure to follow all instructions provided by the manufacturer. The table below gives guidance on appropriate tidal ...
HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENT FILTERS The EMV+ can be used in environments where chemical and/or biological toxins are present. To do this safely, all gas delivered to the patient comes from either a pressurized medical‐grade O and/or filtered ambient air entrained through the FRESH GAS/EMERGENCY AIR INTAKE. Operators can chose between a bacterial/viral filter and a chemical/biological filter based on the direction of the Medical Control Officer. To prevent the patient from breathing contaminated ambient air in the event of a ventilator failure, the EMV+ contains an internal anti‐asphyxia valve that allows the patient to inspire gas through the external filter. While this design assures that no contaminated gas reaches the patient, it requires that the operator ensure that nothing blocks the input of the external filter. WARNING! The Medical Control Officer and/or Incident Commander should determine which if any external filtration is used based on the potential hazard. WARNING! The operator must assure that nothing blocks the inlet of the external filter; failure to do so could prevent the patient from breathing and cause a ventilator failure (see Figure 4). ACTERIAL IRAL ILTER Bacterial/viral filters (B/V) can be used in environments where the patient is at risk to cross contamination or airborne pathogens (see Figure 11). When used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions these filters can help prevent inhalation of infectious matter. In dusty environments the B/V filters can also be used to prevent entrainment of particulate matter that could affect the ventilators pneumatic components. To use a bacterial/viral filter, insert the filter’s male 22 mm conical fitting into the Fresh Gas/Emergency Air Intake. CAUTION! If filters have been exposed to biological matter dispose of them following Universal Precaution procedures for your facility. HEMICAL IOLOGICAL ILTER The EMV+ is designed to allow attachment of chemical/biological filter/canister (type C2A1 ) for use in contaminated environments. The Fresh Gas/Emergency Air Intake fitting allows for attachment of standard Rd 40 x 1/7 threads. A complete description of this standard can be found in BS EN 148‐1:1999 Respiratory protective devices – Threads for face pieces. ...
HARSH ENVIRONMENT OPERATION The EMV+ is designed to operate in harsh prehospital environments and during air and ground transport. In order to safely manage the patient the operator must understand the operating characteristics of the ventilator and diligently monitor the patient and device in these environments. The EMV+ continuously monitors environmental conditions (temperature and ambient pressure) and when extreme environments are detected the operator is alerted by a low priority alarm which defines the operating condition and prompts the actions of the operator. Low priority alarms are advisory and the operator should remember that the device is operating as designed. IRBORNE ARTICULATES Under normal operating conditions the internal 2‐stage filtration system protects the gas flow path from particulates entrained through the Fresh Gas/Emergency Air Inlet. However, when operating in areas where fine dust or dirt is airborne due to wind or vehicle movement the operator should use a disposable bacterial/viral filter (sometimes called HEPA filter) to preserve the internal filter. Use of these filters will prevent the operator from having to change the internal filters. For extended operation in these environments the operator should change the filter as it becomes dirty (visually inspect the filter for dust/dirt build up). The primary affect of entrained particles is on the operation of the flow pneumotach used to control the gas delivered to the patient. Dirt on the pneumotach screens affects the calibration. Cleaning the screens requires a biomedical technician to disassemble the device and ultrasonically clean the screens. The best way to prevent taking the unit out of service is to use a filter in dusty environments. In addition to using the filter the operator can also keep the unit in the soft case which will protect the EMV+ case and the LCD from becoming scratched or damaged. It is also easier to clean the padded case following use in a dusty/dirty environment than the device. XTREME EMPERATURE NVIRONMENTS Traditional transport ventilators typically operate from 0° to 40° C (32° to 104° F). The EMV+ is designed to be capable of operating over a range of ‐25° to 49° C (‐13° to 120° F) and above when required during emergency situations. The primary limit to operating at low or high temperatures is the performance of commercially available Li Ion batteries which limit the charging temperature range to 0° to 45° C (32° to 113° F). However, the batteries are capable of discharging from ‐25° to 75° C. In addition, the device is also capable of operating over the entire range using external power. When the internal battery temperature drops below 0° or goes above 45° C a low priority alarm activates alerting the operator that the battery is no longer charging. This prevents damage to the Li battery from charging at high temperatures, which would void the battery warranty. The battery is still able to discharge and power the unit. Operators can improve temperature performance by making sure that the unit is in the padded case when operating at low temperatures. The padded case insulates the unit and allows it to retain ...
AIN AND Like any electronic device the operator should attempt to prevent exposure to rain or snow. The EMV+ is capable of operating in these conditions but the operator should keep the device in the padded case and use the rain flap which is provided with the padded case. The padded case and rain flap prevent rain and snow from puddling on any of the device’s surfaces. 37 ...
ALARM FUNCTIONS At the onset of an alarm, a multi‐line message screen appears in the upper left‐hand corner of the LCD (see Figure 12). This screen area is called the ALARM MESSAGE CENTER (AMC). The AMC displays the alarm name with a series of messages to help the user resolve the alarm. The number of active alarms is indicated at the bottom of the AMC as a series of ALARM BELL icons with each bell indicating an active alarm. Alarms are prioritized based on the risk to the patient. The alarm with the greatest risk to the patient is always presented first. All messages are context‐based and suggest what is causing the condition and/or how it can be resolved. Alarm Messages are presented using the following format: Alarm Message Center (AMC) (a): contains the information and instructions for all active alarms. Alarm Name/Description (b): describes the nature and/or cause of the fault or failure. The Alarm Name/Description appears at the top of the AMC. When more than one alarm occurs at the same time, the Model EMV+ prioritizes them based on patient safety. Mitigation/Resolution Instructions (c): instructions for the operator as to how the alarm state may be resolved. If Not Resolved Instruction area (d): instructs the operator on what to do if they cannot resolve the alarm state. The instruction is always shown in the following format**Message…**. Alarm Number Icon (e): for each active alarm an alarm bell appears. When multiple alarms are active the number of bells corresponds to the number of alarms. The alarm in the AMC is demonstrated as the solid bell. To view each active alarm, turn the rotary encoder to scroll through all active alarms. Service Code (f): each alarm has a 4 digit number associated with it which helps the operator communicate with technical assistance or biomedical technician support. See Appendix 1 for a complete description of each service code/alarm 1###: high priority alarms 2###: medium priority alarms 3###: low priority alarms Attention Warning Icon (g): identifies the severity of the alarm: low, medium or high priority. LARM RIORITIES Alarm priorities define the operational state of the device regarding its ability to provide mechanical ventilation. ...
signal. If the alarm is not resolved the yellow LED remains illuminated to remind the operator of the fault or failure. ENTILATOR LARM ATEGORIES Alarms are presented and grouped as categories rather than individual alarms because any given fault/failure may have a different effect on patient safety based on what operating resources are available (55 psig O , external power, etc), environmental conditions and the severity of the fault/failure. In each case the EMV+ analyzes the fault/failure and attempts to continue ventilating the patient while guiding the operator to make an appropriate intervention to resolve the condition. NOTE: Appendix 1 identifies all alarms based on their service code and their characteristics based on the unique service code that is associated with each alarm. CPU Failure: alarm is associated with an unrecoverable failure of the central processor unit (CPU) that controls the user interface and SpO monitoring. When this High Priority alarm occurs the user interface goes blank and the audible and red LED indicators are activated. The backup ventilation system automatically continues to provide ventilation based on the last good settings. Pressing the Mute/Cancel pushbutton has no affect on the alarm; the alarm can only be silenced by turning the ventilator off. Compressor Fault/Failure: alarms are associated with faults or failures with the internal compressor which is used to deliver electrically powered breaths. High Priority alarms occur when the compressor is no longer able to deliver breaths based on the ventilator parameters and there is no 55 psig O supply to operate the O valve as a backup. When a compressor failure occurs with 55 psig O available the EMV+ automatically begins ventilation using the O valve and sounds a Medium Priority alarm. To clear the alarm the user is required to manually set the to 100%. Once the FIO is set to 100%, the Medium Priority alarm changes to a Low Priority alarm, with a yellow alarm LED and persistent message. Low Priority alarms associated with the compressor system involve restrictions through the pneumotach screen or internal gas path that are detected by an internal sensor. Although outside the normal operating conditions the unit is still able to deliver breaths within the ventilator parameters. NOTE: Failures of the compressor will prevent the entrainment of low flow O through the Fresh ...
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NOTE: The user should recognize that setting the FiO to 21% is acknowledging that the patient is being ventilated without supplemental O . There are no Low Priority alarms associated with this fault/failure. O2 Supply Pressure High Fault/Failure: alarm is associated with faults or failures of the 55 psig O supply and/or the unit’s ability to detect the presence of high‐pressure O . High Priority alarm occurs when the O supply pressure is greater than 80 psig. When the O supply pressure is >80 psig the EMV+ automatically shuts down to prevent harm to the patient and/or damage to the EMV+. When the pressure is ≥75 and ≤80 psig a low priority alarm sounds warning the operator of the potential shutdown should pressure increase beyond the current level. Fresh Gas Intake Fault/Failure: alarms are associated with obstructions of the Fresh Gas/Emergency Air Intake. These obstructions can be the result of mechanical blockage of the intake (such as a plastic bag) or by using an inappropriate filter, when the internal or external filters become dirty or clogged or when the low pressure O reservoir is used. The pressure drop across the intake is continuously monitored. High Priority alarms occur when the obstruction prevents the compressor from delivering a breath that meets the ventilator settings and there is no 55 psig O supply to operate the O valve as a backup. Medium Priority alarms occur when O supplied breaths can be delivered or when the compressor can overcome the obstruction. In either case, the user can downgrade the alarm to Low Priority by pressing the Mute/Cancel button. Power Fault/Failure: alarms are associated with power management and the supply of power from external sources and the internal rechargeable battery. High Priority alarms alert the user to power failures where there is no backup power alternative or failures of the internal power management system. Pressing the Mute/Cancel pushbutton has no affect on the alarm; the alarm can only be silenced by turning the ventilator off. Low Priority alarms are associated with faults or failures that occur where a backup power source is available either by using the internal battery or through use of the external power source. Pressing the Mute/Cancel button cancels the audible alarm while a persistent message remains. NOTE: The EMV+ has the ability to automatically disconnect itself from external power sources that are providing power outside of the safe power range. When the unit detects that the external power supply is within range the unit automatically reconnects to the external source to power operation and recharging of the internal battery.
delivering breaths. Medium Priority faults occur when the sensors are not able to establish an airway pressure baseline. While the unit attempts to recalibrate the sensor the audible and visible alarms sound. Pressing the Mute/Cancel button mutes the audible alarm for 30 seconds. Exhalation System Fault/Failure: alarms are associated with the control of the exhalation valve and airway pressure. High Priority alarms occur when the airway pressure exceeds the Pressure Limit value or 40 cm H O for more than 5 seconds, or when the airway pressure is >75 cm H O for more than 1.5 seconds. Medium Priority alarms occur when the end expiratory pressure does not reach the baseline pressure before the start of the next breath. Resolution of this fault is typically associated with problems causing restrictions to the exhalation valve. Pressing the Mute/Cancel button mutes the audible alarm for 30 seconds. Airway Pressure High: alarm is triggered when the airway pressure exceeds the High Airway Pressure Limit setpoint. Patient related causes for this Medium Priority alarm are patient coughing, ventilator dissynchrony or excess secretions in the airway. Other causes include kinks in the ventilator circuit tubing or a High Airway Pressure setpoint that is too low given the airway pressure. The default value at start up is 35 cm H O and instructions for changing the value are found above. Pressing the Mute/Cancel button mutes the audible alarm for 30 seconds. PEEP Leak: alarm is triggered when the ventilator detects a drift of more than 2 cm H 0 in the end expiratory pressure. This Medium Priority alarm is most often associated with a loose or disconnected circuit hose or tube. The operator should also check to make sure the exhalation valve is firmly attached to the circuit and that the cap is securely attached to the body of the assembly. Leaks around the cuff of the patient’s airway can also cause this alarm. Pressing the Mute/Cancel button mutes the audible alarm for 30 seconds. Disconnect: alarm is triggered when the peak airway pressure fails to go 5 cm H O above the baseline pressure before the end of the inspiratory phase. This Medium Priority alarm is associated with disconnects between the patient port of the circuit and the patient airway. It can also be caused by a loose or disconnected circuit hose or tube. Pressing the Mute/Cancel button mutes the audible alarm for 30 seconds. RTC Battery Fault/Failure: alarm is associated with the voltage of the real‐time clock (RTC) battery that powers the memory that stores calibration and service information. The operator should immediately take the ventilator out of service. A Low Priority Alarm is sounded when RTC battery voltage drops below the replacement threshold. Pressing the Mute/Cancel button cancels the audible alarm and yellow LED remains illuminated with the persistent message. Calibration Due: this Low Priority alarm is triggered when the time since its last calibration has passed its next due date. Pressing the Mute/Cancel button cancels the audible alarm and yellow LED remains illuminated with the ...
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High Heart Rate: alarm is triggered when the heart rate (HR) monitored by the pulse oximeter is above the High HR alarm limit. The Medium Priority alarm alerts the operator to tachycardia. Pressing the Mute/Cancel button mutes the audible alarm for 30 seconds. The default high alarm limit at start up is 120 beats/minute. Low Heart Rate: alarm is triggered when the heart rate (HR) monitored by the pulse oximeter is below the Low HR alarm limit. The Medium Priority alarm alerts the operator to bradycardia. Pressing the Mute/Cancel button mutes the audible alarm for 30 seconds. The default high alarm limit at start up is 40 beats/minute. Shutdown: alarm is associated with a failure of the pulse oximeter. This Medium Priority alarm alerts the user to a failure of the pulse oximeter that is nonrecoverable or that communication between the CPU and pulse oximeter has failed. Pressing the Mute/Cancel button mutes the audible alarm for 30 seconds. In order to clear the alarm the user is required to use the Menu controls to turn off SpO monitoring. Doing this cancels the Medium Priority alarm but the yellow LED and persistent message remain. No SpO Sensor Connected: alarm is triggered during SpO monitoring when the pulse oximeter does not detect the presence of a functioning SpO sensor. The Low Priority alarm most often occurs when the SpO sensor cable becomes disconnected from the ventilator. To clear the alarm, reattach the sensor cable to the ventilator. Pressing the Mute/Cancel pushbutton cancels the alarm. NOTE: If the EMV+ is started without a pulse oximeter sensor cable attached, pulse oximeter monitoring does not start. At any time after start up, attaching the sensor to the ventilator automatically starts monitoring and all alarms activate. Defective SpO Sensor: alarm is triggered when the pulse oximeter detects a bad sensor. The Low Priority alarm prompts the operator to check and/or replace the sensor as needed. Pressing the Mute/Cancel button cancels the alarm. To clear the alarm, check/replace the sensor or turn off SpO monitoring. Low SpO Perfusion: alarm is triggered when the pulse waveform is marginal. The Low Priority alarm alerts the operator to check the sensor site and reposition as needed. Pressing the Mute/Cancel button cancels the alarm. To clear the alarm, check/replace the sensor or turn off SpO monitoring. ...
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Unrecognized SpO Sensor: alarm is triggered when the pulse oximeter detects connection of an inappropriate sensor to the ventilator. The Low Priority alarm alerts the operator that the attached probe is not designed to work with the pulse oximeter in the ventilator. Pressing the Mute/Cancel pushbutton cancels the alarm. To clear the alarm, use an appropriate sensor or turn off SpO monitoring. 44 ...
ROUTINE CARE: CALIBRATION, CLEANING AND PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE ALIBRATION HECKS This device should be incorporated into a regular preventative maintenance program to insure compliance with operating specifications. Calibration checks should be done every 12 months or 1500 service hours, unless significant usage warrants a shorter period between preventative maintenance inspections. Following 6‐months of continuous storage/non‐use, or longer, this device should be examined, operationally tested, and its batteries recharged before patient‐use is attempted. A complete calibration check should be made by a competent biomedical equipment technician at 12 month/ 1500 service hour intervals. Calibration checks should be performed as required and the results recorded. A secure record of these Calibration checks should be maintained for devices not returned to Impact for calibration/maintenance. Calibration checks should also be performed whenever the operator suspects that the EMV+ is not functioning properly or following mass deployment before the device is returned to storage. If the unit being tested fails the calibration check it should be returned to an authorized Impact Service Center or Impact for calibration. Contact an authorized Impact Service Center or Impact prior to returning this instrument for scheduled maintenance, calibration or service (Telephone 973.882.1212, email service@impactii.com). A Returned‐Goods‐ Authorization number (RGA #) will be issued. The RGA # must appear on both the packing slip and address label. This will facilitate better tracking of the returned item and result in improved scheduling and handling. ENERAL LEANING Keep the EMV+ and its accessories clean at all times. Never allow grease and/or oil to enter the system or coat its components. Exposed parts should be dried following usage in wet environments. Users are encouraged to clean this device and its accessories at regular intervals and maintain up‐to‐date records of maintenance and inspections. Internal pneumatic components are sealed, thus routine maintenance is not required. Pressure hose connections should be wiped with a damp, soapy cloth and thoroughly dried with a lint‐free cloth. The EMV+’s housing should also be cleaned as necessary with a damp, soapy cloth and thoroughly dried with a lint‐free cloth. Do not clean with abrasives or chlorinated hydrocarbon cleansers. High Pressure Hoses: Examine hoses for cracking, discoloration and disfigurement. Wipe the exterior wall with a damp, soapy cloth. Dry with a lint‐free cloth. Examine end connection fittings for damaged threads and sharp edges. Replace if defective, DO NOT attempt to repair. WARNING! Never use oil or grease of any kind with O or compressed gas equipment. REVENTATIVE ...
RESH MERGENCY IR NTAKE ISK ILTER EPLACEMENT Fresh Gas/Emergency Air Intake Disk Filter: The Fresh Gas/Emergency Air Intake Disk Filter (Part #465‐0027‐00) is located behind the Removable Foam Filter. This filter provides a second level of filtration to the ambient air that is delivered to the patient. This filter must be checked periodically and replaced when necessary. The EMV+ triggers an alarm when the combination of Removable Foam Filter and Fresh Gas/Emergency Air Intake Disk Filter become dirty. This alarm signifies that the EMV+ is still able to deliver the correct tidal volume but one or more of its filters need replacement. The Fresh Gas/Emergency Air Intake Disk Filter can be visually inspected after the Removable Foam Filter is removed. If the filter appears discolored it must be replaced. See Appendix 5: Internal Filter Change/Insertion. CAUTION! There are no user serviceable parts except the filter components described above. CAUTION! When used in dusty/dirty environments the foam and disk filters should be checked, and replaced as needed. This will prevent particle build up on the transducer screen and the need to take the unit out of service for maintenance by a biomedical technician. CAUTION! If filters have been exposed to biological matter dispose of them following Universal Precaution procedures for your facility. NOTE: Do not attempt to clean this filter and do not operate internal compressor without filter in place. ‐C ONTAMINATED NVIRONMENT LEANING If the ventilator is operated in an environment where it may have been exposed to contamination from a hazardous materials accident, mass epidemic or weapon of mass destruction, Impact recommends that the guidelines below be followed. 1. Always follow the decontamination procedures specified by the local Incident Command Safety Officer. 2.
BATTERY CAPACITY, CARE AND RECHARGING ATTERY APACITY While the unit is operating on battery power, users can best determine the relative amount of charge in the internal battery by looking at the BATTERY Icon/Indicator. The BATTERY icon appears in outline form and is filled with vertical rows of lines indicating its current capacity. Each line represents approximately 10% of battery capacity. ATTERY ARE ND HARGING The EMV+ uses a rechargeable lithium‐ion battery which offers a wide temperature operating range, does not exhibit "memory" characteristics (reduced capacity) or vent hydrogen gas. The life of this battery depends, to a great extent, upon the care it receives. Avoid exposing it to direct sunlight or heat sources and never store the battery at temperatures above 76 °C (170 °F) for more than 2 hours. Following these simple guidelines will prevent premature charge depletion and reduction of battery life. If the unit was supplied without the battery installed or battery replacement is required see Appendix 4: Internal Battery Change/Insertion. CAUTION! Only use the Power Supply provided with the unit. Use of any other power supply could cause damage or create a fire and/or destroy the battery and unit. CAUTION! If you witness a battery or the battery compartment starting to balloon, swell up, smoke or feel excessively hot, turn off the unit, disconnect external power and observe it in a safe place for approximately 15 minutes and send the unit for service. Never puncture or disassemble the battery packs or cells. CAUTION! Never attempt to completely discharge the battery by shorting or some other method and never ship the battery in a completely discharged state. 1. Battery charging is controlled by ventilator in the temperature range of 0°C to 45°C (32F to 113°F) to provide the best life time for the battery 2. The battery has a discharge (operational) temperature range of ‐25° to 75° C (‐13° F to 167° F). 3. DO NOT store the ventilator with the batteries discharged. Always store with the battery fully charged. 4. For long‐term storage, the optimum storage temperature range is ‐15°C to 21°C (5°F to 71°F). ...
IN CASE OF DIFFICULTY ROUBLE HOOTING Authorization to service this instrument by other than factory‐trained and certified personnel will not be given, nor does Impact Instrumentation, Inc. assume any responsibility and/or liability resulting from such unauthorized servicing. PERATOR ORRECTABLE ROBLEMS Common problems may be quickly rectified by users. Should this device fail to operate properly, verify the integrity of all hose, tubing and fitting connections. Check all control panel settings and follow the alarm mitigations instructions provided in the AMC. Verify that the Fresh Gas/Emergency Air Intake Filter and Removable Foam Filter are not clogged or dirty. Check for operating power with internal batteries and external power source(s). PERATING ROBLEMS EQUIRING ERVICE If the tests described above do not resolve an operating problem, service is required. Should servicing be necessary, contact the closest authorized Impact Service Center or the Impact Customer Service Department 973.882.1212. When calling or emailing for support, be sure to have the service code number associated with the fault or failure. A Returned‐Goods‐Authorization number (RGA #) will be issued if the problem cannot be resolved. The RGA number must appear on both the packing slip and address label. This will facilitate better tracking of returned items, and result in improved scheduling and handling. Please have the Model and Serial Number ready and any other pertinent data you wish to include in the service request. The EMV+ Serial Number Label is affixed to the back cover. This information is also contained in the User Menu, Unit Info. TORAGE NFORMATION For prolonged storage periods, the EMV+ should be stored indoors. The environment should be clean and out of direct sunlight. Storage in non‐controlled environments is permissible if batteries are removed. Short‐term storage temperatures should range between ‐15°C to 40°C (5°F and 104°F), relative humidity should be ...
SPECIFICATIONS Operating Range Parameter AC, SIMV, CPAP with and without Pressure Support Operating Modes Volume and pressure Breath Target 0 to 100 LPM @ 40 cm H Flow Rate 0 to 60 BPM Breath Rate 50 to 1500 ml ATPD Tidal Volume 0.3 to 3.0 seconds Inspiratory Time 21 to 100% 0 to 25 cm H PEEP 10 to 80 cm H O (values >60 cm H O require secondary user Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP) confirmation) 55 psig (‐25%; + 20%) Oxygen Input Pressure 20 to 80 cm H O values Airway Pressure High Limit 10‐35 cm H Airway Pressure Low Limit ‐6.0 to ‐1.0 cm H O below baseline/PEEP Breath Trigger ‐10 to 100 cm H PIP Bar Graph Red, yellow and green LED Status/Alarm Indicator ...
LIMITED WARRANTY Impact Instrumentation warrants the device to be free from all defects in material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of delivery to the original purchaser. During the warranty period, Impact Instrumentation will repair or replace the device or any part which upon examination is shown to be defective. At its sole discretion, Impact Instrumentation may choose to supply a new or equivalent replacement product or refund the amount of the purchase price (on the date sold by Impact Instrumentation). To qualify for such repair, replacement, or refund, the defective device must be returned to the Impact Instrumentation Service Center within thirty (30) days from the date that the defect is discovered. This warranty does not apply if the device has been repaired or modified without the authorization of Impact Instrumentation or if the damage was caused by incorrect (off‐label) use, negligence or an accident Batteries, which by their nature are consumable and subjected to environmental extremes, will be warranted only for a period of ninety (90) days. Accessories, also consumable in usage, such as connecting hose and ventilator circuits, are not warranted. DISCLAIMER OF IMPLIED & OTHER WARRANTIES: THE PRECEDING WARRANTY IS THE EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY AND IMPACT INSTRUMENTATION, INC. MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION OF ANY KIND WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR ANY OTHER MATTER. THE REMEDIES STATED IN THIS DOCUMENT WILL BE THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES AVAILABLE TO THE CUSTOMER FOR ANY DEFECTS OR FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER AND WITHOUT LIMITATION. IMPACT INSTRUMENTATION, INC. WILL NOT IN ANY EVENT BE LIABLE TO THE CUSTOMER FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER FOR DEFECTIVE OR NONCONFORMING PRODUCTS, BREACH OR REPUDIATION OF ANY TERM OR CONDITION OF THIS DOCUMENT, NEGLIGENCE, OR ANY OTHER REASON. ...
APPENDIX 1: ALARMS Service Alarm Name Code Alarm description and mitigation information. 1001 Compressor Failure (Compressor Control Fault ‐ No Backup) Alarm occurs when the compressor fails to operate or fails to provide the flow required to deliver a breath and high‐pressure O (HP O ) is not available to provide ventilation. Mitigation/Info: Manually Ventilate Patient, Connect HP O , Restart Ventilator With HP O **Replace/Service Ventilator** 1002 Compressor Failure (Compressor Signal Chain Fault ‐ No Backup) Alarm occurs when communication between the compressor controller and Smart Pneumatic Module (SPM) is lost and high‐pressure O (HP O ) is not available to provide ventilation. Mitigation/Info: Manually Ventilate Patient, Connect HP O , Restart Ventilator With HP O **Replace/Service Ventilator** 1003 Self Check Failure Alarm occurs when the flow from the first breath is ±20% of the expected flow for the tidal volume at start up. This unusually low RPM is a symptom of a dirty flow screen which cannot be serviced by the operator. Mitigation/Info: Manually Ventilate Patient **Replace/Service Ventilator** 1010 O2 Valve Failure (O2 Valve Failed Open) ...
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**Replace/Service Ventilator ** 1030 Fresh Gas Intake Failure (Compressor Intake Blocked ‐ No Backup) Alarm occurs when the Fresh Gas/Emergency Air Inlet is blocked so that the compressor is not able to deliver flow sufficient for the current settings and HP O is not available to support ventilation. The operator should clear the blockage and restart the ventilator. (It is possible for this alarm to be a false alarm that is triggered in a very high vibration environment.) Mitigation/Info: Manually Ventilate Patient, Clear Blocked Intake, Connect 55 psig O2, Restart Ventilator **Replace/Service Ventilator ** 1041 O2 Supply Pressure High Alarm occurs when the O supply pressure is >80 psig. Pressures above 80 psig could result in a catastrophic failure, harm to the patient and/or damage to the unit. While the patient is manually ventilated the operator or assistant should seek to reduce the O supply pressure. Sometimes this requires changing the regulator which is not functioning as required. If the pressure cannot be reduced and a low flow device like a flow meter is available the operator can provide supplemental O via the optional low flow O reservoir. To clear the alarm the unit should be turned off and then restarted with supply pressure in the appropriate range (40 to 79 psig) or without HP O connected. Mitigation/Info: Manually Ventilate Patient, Decrease O2 Supply to 55 psig, Replace Regulator, Connect Low Flow O2, ** Restart Ventilator without O2 Supply** 1051 Run‐Time Calibration Failure Alarm occurs when there is a failure of the calibration system. When this occurs the patient should be manually ventilated, the unit removed from use and sent for service. (It is possible for this alarm to be a false alarm that is triggered in a very high vibration environment.) Mitigation/Info: Manually Ventilate Patient ** Replace/Service Ventilator ** 1052 Airway Pressure Sensing Failure ...
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send the unit for service. Mitigation/Info: Manually Ventilate Patient, Replace Circuit and Restart ** Replace/Service Ventilator ** 1172 5 Volt Self Check Failure Alarm occurs when the 5 volt power bus fails to provide the required voltage. If this failure occurs, the operator should manually ventilate the patient, replace the ventilator and send the unit for service. Mitigation/Info: Manually Ventilate Patient, Ventilator Not Functioning ** Replace/Service Ventilator ** 1173 Internal Communication Failure (Host Device Communication Failure) Alarm occurs when communication fails between one of the subcomponents the host processor. If this failure occurs, the operator should manually ventilate the patient, replace the ventilator and send the unit for service. Mitigation/Info: Manually Ventilate Patient, Backup Ventilator Enabled ** Replace/Service Ventilator ** 1174 Off Set Self Check Failure Alarm occurs when the device is not able to calibrate the one or more transducers and is no longer able to operate safely. If this failure occurs, the operator should manually ventilate the patient, replace the ventilator and send the unit for service. Mitigation/Info: Manually Ventilate Patient, Ventilator Not Functioning ** Replace/Service Ventilator ** 1175 Internal Communication Failure Alarm occurs when there is a failure of the internal communication bus and the host is not able to communicate with the subassemblies. If this failure occurs, the operator should manually ventilate the patient, replace the ventilator and send the unit for service. Mitigation/Info: Manually Ventilate Patient, Ventilator Not Functioning ** Replace/Service Ventilator ** 1176 Off Set Self Check Failure Alarm occurs when the calibration file fails its integrity check. If this failure occurs, the operator should manually ventilate the patient, replace the ventilator and send the unit for service. ...
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manually ventilated and the ventilator sent for service. Mitigation/Info: Manually Ventilate Patient, Backup Ventilator Enabled ** Replace/Service Ventilator** 1472 Internal Communication Failure Alarm occurs when the device is no longer able to communicate with the Smart Pneumatic Module (SPM). When this occurs ventilation continues at the current settings or the backup mode settings and the high priority alarm sounds. The patient should be manually ventilated and the ventilator sent for service. Mitigation/Info: Manually Ventilate Patient, Backup Ventilator Enabled ** Replace/Service Ventilator** 1473 Internal Communication Failure Alarm occurs when no valid data is sent from the SPM within 1 second. When this occurs ventilation continues at the current settings or the backup mode settings and the high priority alarm sounds. The patient should be manually ventilated and the ventilator sent for service. Mitigation/Info: Manually Ventilate Patient, Backup Ventilator Enabled ** Replace/Service Ventilator** 1474 Internal Communication Failure Alarm occurs when cyclic redundancy checking between the EMV+ and SPM fails. When this occurs ventilation continues at the current setting or the backup mode settings and the high priority alarm sounds. The patient should be manually ventilated and the ventilator sent for service. Mitigation/Info: Manually Ventilate Patient, Backup Ventilator Enabled ** Replace/Service Ventilator** 1475 LCD Control Failure Alarm occurs when the device has lost communication with the contrast control and in most instances the content of the LCD is not visible. When this occurs ventilation continues at the current settings or the backup mode setting and the high priority alarm sounds. The patient should be manually ventilated and the ventilator sent for service. Mitigation/Info: Manually Ventilate Patient, Backup Ventilator Enabled ** Replace/Service Ventilator** 1480 SPM Compatibility Failure ...
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**Replace/Service Ventilator** 2002 Compressor Fault Alarm occurs when communication between the compressor controller and Smart Pneumatic Module (SPM) is lost and HP O is available to provide ventilation. The alarm will continue to sound as a medium priority alarm until the user acknowledges that ventilation is being provided using HP O by setting the FIO to 100%. At this time the alarm priority changes to low. While operating in this state the operator should assure an adequate supply of HP O . Failure to maintain the HP O supply will result in a high priority alarm. Mitigation: Operation Switched to O valve, Set FIO2 to 100% **Replace/Service Ventilator** 2011 O2 Valve Fault Alarm occurs when the signal to the O valve is outside of the calibration range for the required flow rate and the compressor is available to provide ventilation. The medium priority alarm will continue until the user acknowledges that ventilation is being provided using the compressor by setting the FIO to 21%. At this time the alarm priority changes to low priority. While operating in this state the operator should monitor the SpO to assure that adequate oxygenation is maintained. If low flow O is available it can be entrained through the Fresh Gas/Emergency Air Intake port using the optional O reservoir. Maintain an acceptable SpO by adjusting the O supply up or down to increase or decrease the amount of O delivered to the patient. Mitigation: Operation Switched to Compressor, Set FIO2 To 21%, Connect Low Flow O2, Monitor SpO2 **Replace/Service Ventilator** ...
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NOTE: The device is designed to work with or without external O . If HP O is connected the unit will not continue O operation unless the supply pressure is ≥40 psig. This is done to prevent continuous cycling between alarms during the inspiratory phase and no alarm during the expiratory phases. If low flow O is available it can be entrained through the Fresh Gas/Emergency Air Intake port using the optional O reservoir. Maintain an acceptable SpO by adjusting the O supply up or down to increase or decrease the amount of O delivered to the patient. Mitigation/Info: Operation Switched to Compressor, Check O2 Supply Pressure, Check/Replace Regulator, Set FIO2 to 21%. Connect Low Flow O2, Monitor SpO2 **Replace/Service Ventilator ** 2030 Fresh Gas Intake Fault Alarm occurs when the Fresh Gas/Emergency Air Inlet is blocked so that the compressor is not able to deliver a breath within ±10% of the current settings and HP O is available to support ventilation. When this occurs the ventilator immediately switches to HP O powered ventilation. To clear the alarm first set the FIO to 100% to acknowledge that the patient is being ventilated at 100%, clear the blockage and then set the FIO back to the original value. If the blockage has been cleared operation with the compressor will restart. If the blockage cannot be cleared, the alarm will resound, continue ventilation with FIO set to 100% and assure an adequate supply of HP O . (It is possible for this alarm to be a false alarm that is triggered in a very high vibration environment.) Mitigation/Info: Operation Switched to O2 Valve, Clear Blocked Intake, Set FIO2 to 100%, ...
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flow decelerates to maintain Paw at the high airway pressure limit for the duration of the breath (inspiratory time). The operator should check for kinks or blockage of the breathing circuit, exhalation valve or patient airway. In some instances the cause can be an accumulation of secretions in the airway which will require suctioning to clear. The operator should also assess if the patient is fighting the ventilator (dyssynchrony) or if the high airway pressure limit is set too low. Mitigation/Info: Pressure Exceeds Limit Setting, Check Circuit for Kinked Hose/Tube, Check for Airway Obstruction, Suction Airway if Necessary, PIP Limit Set Too Low? ** Manually Ventilate Patient** 2071 Low Airway Pressure Alarm occurs when the Paw is less than the low airway pressure limit. When this occurs flow increases to maintain the Paw for the duration of the breath (inspiratory time). The operator should check for leaks/disconnects in the breathing circuit, patient airway or a failure of the exhalation valve. The operator should also assess if the patient is breathing with the ventilator (dissynchrony) or if the low airway pressure limit is set too high. If a replacement is available the operator should replace the breathing circuit. If these mitigations do not resolve the alarm condition then, the ventilator should be replaced and sent for service. Mitigation/Info: Check Patient Connection, Check Circuit For Loose Hose/Tube, Check Exhalation Valve, Check Tube Placement/Cuff, Is Low Limit Set Correctly? ** Manually Ventilate Patient** 2072 High Tidal Volume Alarm occurs when operating with a pressure target and the delivered tidal volume exceeds the operator defined limit. This can be caused by a leak in the patient connection or breathing circuit. When the ventilator is not able to reach the pressure target flow increases to compensate which leads to the high delivered tidal volume. The operator should check for leaks/disconnects in the breathing circuit, patient airway or a failure of the exhalation valve. The operator should also assess if the patient is anxious and breathing deeply or if the high tidal volume limit is set too low. If a replacement is available the operator should replace the breathing circuit. Mitigation/Info: Check Patient Connection, Check Circuit For Loose Hose/Tube, Check Exhalation Valve, Check Tube Placement/Cuff, Is High Limit Set Correctly? ** Monitor Patient** 2073 Low Tidal Volume Alarm occurs when operating with a pressure target and the delivered tidal volume does not reach the operator defined limit. When this occurs flow decelerates to maintain the Paw at ...
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deeply or if the high tidal volume limit is set too low. If a replacement is available the operator should replace the breathing circuit. Mitigation/Info: Check For Loose Hose/Tube, Is Trigger Level Too Sensitive, Is High Alarm Limit Set Correctly? ** Consult Physician** 2075 Low Breath Rate/Apnea Alarm occurs when the actual breathing rate (set rate plus spontaneous patient rate) is less than the low alarm limit. This can be caused by the patient not breathing or breathing at a rate less than the limit. If the spontaneous/assisted breath trigger is not sensitive enough the patient may not be able to trigger breaths. The operator should also determine if the low rate is set too high for the patient. Mitigation/Info: Is Patient Breathing Spontaneously?, Is Trigger Level Sensitive Enough?, Is Low Alarm Limit Set Correctly?, Increase Ventilation Support ** Manually Ventilate Patient** 2076 Apnea Alarm occurs when the spontaneous breathing rate is less than the low alarm limit. This can be caused by the patient not breathing or breathing at a rate less than the limit. The apnea backup ventilation starts automatically. The operator should set the mode to AC or SIMV. The Rate and Tidal Volume/Pressure targets should also be set. Mitigation/Info: Apnea Backup Ventilation Started. Set Mode to AC or SIMV, Set Rate and Tidal Volume/Pressure Target ** Manually Ventilate Patient** 2090 PEEP Leak Alarm occurs when Paw drops below the PEEP setting by 2 cm H 0 during the expiratory phase of the breath. This can be caused by a leak in the breathing circuit, exhalation valve or patient airway. The operator should check the breathing circuit and exhalation valve to assure that all connections are tight. When the circuit appears damaged or is suspect it should be replaced. The operator should also check if there is a leak around the cuff of the patient’s airway. If these mitigations do not resolve the alarm condition then, the ventilator should be replaced and sent for service. Mitigation/Info: Check Patient Connection, Check Circuit For Loose Hose/Tube, Check Exhalation Valve, Check Tube Placement/Cuff ** Replace Circuit** 2095 ...
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Mitigation/Info: Check Patient Connection, Check Circuit for Loose Hose/Tube, Check Exhalation Valve, Patient Breathing With Ventilator?, Replace Circuit **Manually Ventilate Patient** 2170 Spontaneous Breath – PIP High Alarm occurs when the Pressure exceeds the High PIP Limit Setting during a spontaneous breath. When this occurs, the operator should quickly check for kinked hoses/ tubes and check for airway obstruction. Patient should be suctioned if necessary. The Operator should also check if the High PIP limit is set correctly. While resolving the alarm condition the operator should be sure to manually ventilate the patient. Mitigation/Info: Check Circuit for Kinked Hose/Tube, Check for Airway Obstruction, Suction Airway if Necessary, PIP Limit set too Low? **Manually Ventilate Patient** 2171 Spontaneous Breath – PIP Low Alarm occurs when the Pressure exceeds the Low PIP Limit Setting during a spontaneous breath. When this occurs, the operator should quickly check circuit for Loose Hoses/ Tubes and also check the Exhalation Valve and the Tube Placement/ Cuff . The Operator should also check if the Low PIP Limit is set correctly. While resolving the alarm condition the operator should be sure to manually ventilate the patient. Mitigation/Info: Check Circuit for Loose Hose/Tube, Check Exhalation Valve, Check Tube Placement/ Cuff, is Low Limit set correctly? **Manually Ventilate Patient** 2172 Spontaneous Breath – Vt High Alarm occurs when high Vt Limit is exceeded during a spontaneous breath. When this occurs, the operator should check: the patient connection, airway placement, breathing circuit for loose hoses/ tubes and also check the exhalation valve. The Operator should also check if the High Vt Limit is set correctly. While resolving the alarm condition the operator should be sure to manually ventilate the patient. Mitigation/Info: Check Circuit for Loose Hose/Tube, Check Exhalation Valve, Check Tube Placement/ Cuff, is High Limit set correctly? **Manually Ventilate Patient** 2173 Spontaneous Breath – Vt Low Alarm occurs when the Low Vt Limit Setting is not achieved during a spontaneous breath. When this occurs, the operator should quickly check for kinked hoses/ tubes and check for ...
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parameters are no longer available. When appropriate the operator should replace the ventilator and send it for service. Mitigation/Info: Pulse Ox Module Failure, SpO2/HR Not Available, Turn Off Pulse Ox **Replace/Service Ventilator** 2314 SpO2 Sensor Off Patient Alarm occurs when an operating sensor loses the patient signal. The most common cause is when the sensor disconnects from the patient or is misaligned with the sensor site. This alarm can also be caused by poor perfusion at the sensor site which doesn’t allow for a reading. In these cases try another site. Replace the sensor if another sensor is available. If the alarm condition cannot be resolved the operator should turn off pulse oximetry monitoring. Mitigation/Info: Check Pulse Ox Sensor Site, Check Patient for Peripheral Pulse, Change Placement, Check Sensor Operation, Replace Sensor **Turn Off Pulse Ox Monitoring.** 2401 SpO2 Low Alarm occurs whenever the SpO value drops below the Low SpO Limit. The default value for the limit is 94%. Corrective actions are increasing oxygenation by increasing the FIO or PEEP settings. PEEP should only be changed based on consultation with the attending physician. When using low‐flow O the operator should increase the flow of O into the optional low flow reservoir. Mitigation/Info: SpO Below Limit, Increase FIO , Check O Supply, Increase PEEP Per Physician **Consult Physician** 2410 Heart Rate High Alarm occurs when the heart rate is greater than the High Heart Rate Limit. The default value for the limit is 120 beats/minute. The operator should consult with the attending physician on how best to reduce the heart rate to an acceptable level. Mitigation/Info: Heart Rate Above Limit **Consult Physician** ...
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immediately clear the alarm though a low priority alarm will be maintained until the internal battery has recharged so that the unit can provide 30 minutes of operating time (~5 to 10 minutes). Mitigation/Info: Less Than 5 Minutes Operation, Connect External Power, Assure Ability to Manually Ventilate ** Replace/Service Ventilator** 2450 Battery Fault – No External Power Connected Alarm occurs when the battery temperature reaches 70 °C (158 °F) which is 5 °C from its maximum operating temperature using the internal battery and external power is not connected. When the battery temperature reaches 75 °C (167 °F) the battery will shut down to prevent failure and the unit will sound a high priority alarm and shutdown. If possible the operator should provide a source of external power which would allow operation to continue at the current and higher temperatures. In addition, the unit should be removed from the soft case which acts as insulation. Shading the patient and ventilator from direct sunlight may also help reduce the battery temperature. Mitigation/Info: Battery Within 5 °C of High Limit, Remove Padded Case, Assure External Power Available, Assure Ability to Manually Ventilate, Shade Patient and Ventilator **Move To Cooler Location** 2455 Battery Fault – No External Power Connected Alarm occurs when the EMV+ is not able to communicate with the internal battery. When this occurs the device does not know the current charge in the battery and operation could stop at anytime. To continue operation and the operator should connect external power and assure the ability to manually ventilate the patient. When external power is connected the alarm priority decreases to Low Priority. Mitigation/Info: Battery Communication Failure!, Connect External Power, Assure Ability to Manually Ventilate Patient **Replace/Service Ventilator** 3001 Compressor Fault Alarm occurs when the compressor fails to operate or fails to provide the flow required to deliver a breath within ±10% of the current settings, HP O is available to provide ventilation and the operator has set the FIO to 100%. While operating in this state the operator should assure an adequate supply of HP O . Failure to maintain the HP O supply will result in a high ...
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to the patient. Mitigation: Compressor Operation Only!, Keep FIO2 at 21%, Connect Low Flow O2, Monitor SpO2 **Replace/Service Ventilator** 3012 O2 Valve Fault Alarm occurs when communication between the O valve is lost, the compressor is available to provide ventilation and the operator has set the FIO to 21%. While operating in this state the operator should monitor the SpO to assure that adequate oxygenation is maintained. If low flow O is available it can be entrained through the Fresh Gas/Emergency Air Inlet port using the optional O reservoir. Maintain an acceptable SpO by adjusting the O supply up or down to increase or decrease the amount of O delivered to the patient. Mitigation/Info: Operation Switched to Compressor!, Keep FIO2 at 21%, Connect Low Flow O2, Monitor SpO2 **Replace/Service Ventilator** 3030 Fresh Gas Intake Fault Alarm occurs when the Fresh Gas/Emergency Air Inlet is blocked so that the compressor is not able to deliver breaths within ±10% of the current settings, HP O is available to support ventilation and the operator has set the FIO to 100%. To clear the alarm, clear the blockage and set the FIO back to the original value. If the blockage is cleared operation with the compressor will restart. If the blockage is not cleared, the alarm will resound, set the FIO to 100%, continue ventilation and assure an adequate supply of HP O . (It is possible for this alarm to be a false alarm that is triggered in a very high vibration environment.) Mitigation/Info: O2 Valve Operation, Clear Blocked Intake & Retry Compressor, Keep FIO2 at 100%, Monitor SpO2 ...
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** Monitor O2 Supply Pressure** 3091 Incomplete Exhalation Alarm occurs when the exhaled flow from the patient continues throughout the expiratory period causing the expiratory control valve to cycle throughout the period to maintain the baseline pressure. When this occurs the operator should increase the expiratory period by decreasing the inspiratory time, decreasing the breathing rate or both. The physician should also be consulted. Mitigation/Info: Incomplete Exhalation, Increase Expiratory Time, Decrease Inspiratory Time, Decrease Respiratory Rate ** Consult Physician** 3110 RTC Battery Fault Alarm occurs when the real‐time clock (RTC) battery is < ~2.5 volts. The alarm condition is checked at start up and if this alarm occurs the unit is safe to operate but the operator should look to take the unit out of service when appropriate and send it for service. Changing the battery requires opening the unit and should only be done by a trained service technician. The RTC battery provides power for the storage of critical information used by the ventilator during startup. Mitigation/Info: RTC Battery Low, Schedule Service Immediately **Replace/Service Ventilator** 3120 Self Check Fault Alarm occurs at start up when the preselected number of days has elapsed from the last calibration. When appropriate the unit should be sent for service. The low priority message serves as a reminder. Calibration is due every 365 days or 1500 hours of service. Operators should schedule the unit for service as soon as possible. Mitigation/Info: Calibration Due, Schedule Service Immediately **Replace/Service Ventilator** 3130 Ambient Pressure Fault (Excessive Altitude Sensor Failure) Alarm occurs when the ambient pressure transducer fails. When this occurs, the unit is no longer able to automatically compensate for changes in altitude especially in situations where the ambient pressure could change rapidly as during air transport. When used in these conditions the operator should monitor the airway pressure and reduce the tidal volume to maintain the airway pressure as altitude is increased. During descent, the tidal volume should be increased to maintain Paw if it was adjusted while at altitude. Operators should also ...
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compensation remains fixed at the ‐2,000 ft level. NOTE: the EMV+ is not intended for use in hyperbaric chambers or at hyperbaric pressures. Mitigation/Info: High Barometric Pressure Detected, Beyond Compensation Limit, Maintain Airway Pressure, Check Patient Chest Rise, Monitor Ventilator/Patient **Reduce Ambient Pressure** 3140 Operational Temperature Fault (Excessive Temperature High) Alarm occurs when the ambient temperature exceeds the normal operating range (>131 °F, 55 °C) for the ventilator. The unit allows operation at these temperatures but alerts the operator to the condition. Operating above the specified range can affect the longevity of the internal battery and the duration of operating time. When operating at high temperatures the operator should remove the softcase which insulates and increases the ventilator’s internal temperature. Mitigation/Info: High Temperature Detected, Remove Padded Case, **Monitor Ventilator** 3141 Operational Temperature Fault (Excessive Temperature Low) Alarm occurs when the ambient temperature falls below the normal operating range (<14 °F, ‐ 10 °C) for the ventilator. The unit allows operation at these temperatures but alerts the operator to the condition. Operating below the specified range can affect the longevity of the internal battery and the duration of operating time. At extreme cold temperatures operating time can be significantly reduced. When operating at low temperatures the operator should use the softcase which insulates and increases the ventilator’s internal temperature. Mitigation/Info: Low Temperature Detected, Use Padded Case **Monitor Ventilator** 3143 Self Check Fault Alarm occurs when the failure of the internal temperature sensors. When this occurs the unit is not longer able to detect if it is operating outside of the allowable temperature range. If operating inside of the standard temperature range ‐25° C to 49° C (‐13° F to 120° F) there is no effect on operation. If operating outside this range the operator should monitor the unit continuously. When appropriate the operator should replace the ventilator and send it for service. Mitigation/Info: Temperature Sensor Fault, Temperature Changes Do Not Affect Autocal Cycle, Schedule Service Immediately **Replace/Service Ventilator** ...
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3310 No SpO2 Sensor Connected (No Sensor Connected) Alarm occurs when the pulse oximeter detects that no SpO sensor is connected after a period of successful operation. NOTE: during start up the unit automatically detects if a sensor is connected. If it is, the unit begins operation with the pulse oximeter active. If no sensor is detected the unit turns off this function. If the sensor is properly connected this failure can also be the result of a broken or defective sensor. If the alarm condition cannot be resolved the operator should remove the sensor and turn off pulse oximetry monitoring in the user menu. Mitigation/Info: Check Pulse Ox Sensor, Check Sensor/Ventilator Connection, Reinsert Sensor, Cable/Sensor Damaged?, Replace Sensor **Turn Off Pulse Ox Monitoring** 3311 Defective Sensor Alarm occurs when the pulse oximeter cannot identify the connected sensor or the sensor has failed. Causes for this alarm include broken sensor cable, inoperative LEDs and/or faulty detector. If the alarm condition cannot be resolved the operator should turn off pulse oximetry monitoring. Mitigation/Info: Check Pulse Ox Sensor, Check Sensor/ Ventilator Connection, Reinsert Sensor, Cable/Sensor Damaged?, Replace Sensor **Turn Off Pulse Ox Monitoring** 3312 SpO2 Pulse Search Alarm occurs when the pulse oximeter is searching for a pulse. If values are not displayed within 30 seconds disconnect and reconnect sensor and reapply to patient. If pulse search continues, remove sensor and replace on a better perfused site. Replace the sensor if another sensor is available. If the alarm condition cannot be resolved the operator should turn off pulse oximetry monitoring. Mitigation/Info: Please Wait, Check Sensor Placement, Change Placement, Minimize Patient ...
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3317 Low SpO2 Perfusion (Low Perfusion) Alarm occurs whenever the amplitude of the arterial pulsation is weak. Low perfusion typically occurs in patients with poor circulation or when the sensor is applied to the same limb as the noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) cuff. To resolve the alarm condition, move the sensor to a better perfused site or to another limb if the interference is from the NIBP cuff. Mitigation/Info: Arterial Pulsation Weak, Check Sensor Placement,, Check Sensor Operation **Turn Off Pulse Ox Monitoring** 3318 Low SpO2 Perfusion (poor SpO2 signal) Alarm occurs when the pulse oximeter determines the quality of the input signal is low due to excessive motion or artifact. To resolve the alarm minimize patient movement and make sure the sensor is properly applied. Mitigation/Info: Signal Artifact, Minimize Patient Movement, Check Sensor Placement, Check Sensor Operation **Turn Off Pulse Ox Monitoring** 3421 External Power Fail/Disconnect Alarm occurs when the external power (either AC or DC) drops below minimum level (5 VDC as supplied by either the AC/DC Power Supply or a direct DC source) or power is intentionally disconnected. Since the unit is designed to operate with either external power or using its internal battery this is a low priority alarm that clears when the operator presses the MUTE/CANCEL button. Pressing the MUTE/CANCEL button is the operator’s acknowledgement that the unit is operating on internal battery. If this alarm occurs and the operator believes that the unit is still connected to external power the operator should investigate the external power source. Mitigation/Info: Internal Battery Operation, Check Power Connection/Supply, Monitor Battery Status **Replace/Service Ventilator** 3422 Missing Battery Alarm occurs when the internal battery has been removed or communication between the battery and CPU has failed. When external power is applied the unit is capable of operation however, loss of external power will result in loss of ventilation and a high priority alarm. Operating in this state should only be done when no other alternatives are available. Mitigation/Info: No Battery Detected, DO NOT Remove External Power!, Maintain External Power ...
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Alarm occurs when operating with external power and the unit detects that there are ≤30 minutes of internal battery backup available. The unit is warning the operator that in the event of an external battery failure the unit ≤30 minutes of backup. NOTE: The unit does not charge the internal battery when attached to an external battery. To resolve the alarm condition the operator must attach the unit to a continuous external AC or DC source to recharge the internal battery. If this is not possible operation can continue as long as power is supplied by the external battery. Mitigation/Info: Less Than 30 Minutes Internal Backup, Operating With External Power, Continue Charging With External Power, Assure Ability To Manually Ventilate **Replace/Service Ventilator** 3441 External Power Failed (External Voltage High) Alarm occurs when the supplied DC power is >33 VDC. When this occurs the unit automatically switches to operation using the internal battery. If the supplied voltage drops to <30 VDC the unit automatically returns to operation using external power. If the external power source is known to be good then the AC/DC Power Supply may be faulty and need replacement. Mitigation/Info: External Voltage Too High, Internal Battery Operation, Check/Replace Power Supply **Remove DC Connection** 3442 External Power Failed (Insufficient Current) Alarm occurs when the external power supply has insufficient current. When this occurs the unit automatically switches to operation using the internal battery. If the external power source is known to be good then the AC/DC Power Supply may be faulty and need replacement. Mitigation/Info: Internal Battery Operation, Check/Replace Power Supply, Change Power Source **Remove DC Connection** 3444 External Power Failed Alarm occurs when the voltage polarity is reversed when the unit is attached to an external DC source. When this occurs the unit automatically switches to operation using the internal battery. This condition is most likely caused by a faulty DC source. The operator should seek an alternate power source. Mitigation/Info: DC Voltage Reversed, Internal Battery Operation, Disconnect Power Source ...
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Mitigation/Info: Battery Too Hot to Discharge, Do NOT Remove External Power!, Remove Padded Case, Assure Ability to Manually Ventilate Patient, Shade Patient and Ventilator **Move To Cooler Location** 3452 Battery Fault (Battery Too Hot for Charging) Alarm occurs when the battery temperature is > 45°C (122 °F). Charging the battery above this temperature could destroy the battery and damage the unit. During the alarm condition the unit continues to operate using external power and if external power is lost the unit will operate using internal battery power. The unit should be removed from the soft case which acts as insulation. Shading the patient and ventilator from direct sunlight may also help reduce the battery temperature. Mitigation/Info: Battery Does Not Charge when Too Hot , Assure External Power Available, Remove Padded Case, Shade Patient and Ventilator **Move To Cooler Location** 3453 Battery Fault (Battery Too Cold For Charging) Alarm occurs when the battery temperature is ≤0 °C (32 °F). Charging the battery below this temperature could destroy the battery and damage the unit. During the alarm condition the unit continues to operate using external power and if external power is lost the unit will operate using internal battery power. The soft case should be used because it provides insulation. Mitigation/Info: Battery Too Cold To Charge, Assure External Power Available, Use Padded Case **Move to Warmer Location** 3455 Battery Fault – With External Power Connected (Battery Communication Failure) Alarm occurs when the EMV+ is not able to communicate with the internal battery and external power is connected. To continue operation and the unit should remain connected external power. Mitigation/Info: Battery Communication Failure!, DO NOT Remove External Power!, Assure Ability to Manually Ventilate Patient **Replace Battery Soon** 3470 Internal Communication (Comm) Failure Fault – PIM Comm Alarm occurs when the EMV+ is not longer able to communicate with the Power Interface Module (PIM). When this occurs the operator should monitor operation continuously, seek to replace the ventilator as soon as possible and assure the ability to manually ventilate the patient. ...
APPENDIX 3: PULSE OXIMETER PRINCIPLES AND SPECIFICATION ® The Masimo SET MS board pulse oximeter is based on three principles: 1. Oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin differ in their absorption of red and infrared light (spectrophotometer). 2. The volume of arterial blood in tissue and the light absorbed by the blood changes during the pulse (plethysmography). 3. Arterio‐venous shunting is highly variable and that fluctuating absorbance by venous blood is a major component of noise during the pulse. The Masimo SET MS board pulse oximeter as well as traditional pulse oximetry determines SpO2 by passing red and infrared light into a capillary bed and measuring changes in light absorption during the pulsatile cycle. Red and infrared light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) in oximetry sensors serve as the light sources, a photodiode serves as the photodetector. Traditional pulse oximetry assumes that all pulsations in the light absorbance signal are caused by oscillations in the arterial blood volume. This assumes that the blood flow in the region of the sensor passes entirely through the capillary bed rather than through any arterio‐venous shunts. The traditional pulse oximeter calculates the ratio of pulsatile absorbance (AC) to the mean absorbance (DC) at each of two wavelengths, 660 nm and 905 nm: S(660) = AC(660)/DC(660) S(905) = AC(905)/DC(905) The oximeter then calculates the ratio of these two arterial pulse‐added absorbance signals: R = S(660)/S(905) This value of R is used to find the saturation SpO in a look‐up table built into the oximeter’s software. The values in the look‐up table are based upon human blood studies against a laboratory co‐oximeter on healthy adult volunteers in induced hypoxia studies. The Masimo SET MS board pulse oximeter assumes that arterio‐venous shunting is highly variable and that fluctuating absorbance by venous blood is the major component of noise during the pulse. The MS board decomposes S(660) and S(905) into an arterial signal plus a noise component and calculates the ratio of the arterial signals without the noise: S(660) = S1 + N1 S(905) = S2 + N2 ...
Discrete Saturation Transform %SpO 14 ULSE XIMETER ISCRETE ATURATION RANSFORM IGURE The DST plot has two peaks: the peak corresponding to the higher saturation is selected as the SpO value. This 2 entire sequence is repeated once every two seconds on the most recent four seconds of raw data. The MS board therefore corresponds to a running average of arterial hemoglobin saturation that is updated every two seconds. Pulse Oximeter Specifications Range Saturation (% SpO ) 1% ‐ 100% Pulse Rate (bpm) 25 – 240 Perfusion 0.02% ‐ 20% Accuracy Saturation (% SpO ) ‐ During No Motion Conditions Adults, Pediatrics 70% ‐ 100% ± 2 digits 0% ‐ 69% unspecified ...
APPENDIX 4: INTERNAL BATTERY CHANGE/INSERTION )‐( ) ATTERY HANGE NSTRUCTIONS IGURE Tools needed: Phillips Head Screwdriver WARNING! Before attempting to replace the battery pack make sure that external power is disconnected and the EMV+ Power Switch is set to “OFF”. Procedure: Remove the four (4) 6‐32 x 5/16 Phillips Pan Head screws located at the bottom of the EMV. This will release the Battery Pack Compartment Cover and expose the Battery Pack and its integral mounting bracket. Remove the four (4) 6‐32 x 2 ¼ Phillips Pan Head screws that hold the Battery Pack and its integral mounting bracket to the EMV+ Lower Case. The EMV+ Battery Pack is wired to a mating plug‐and‐socket connector that remains electrically‐attached to the EMV. This mating connector includes a locking latch. While holding the Battery Pack in one hand, pinch the connector plug locking latch while pulling outward. This will release the plug from its mating socket and free the entire Battery Pack. ...
APPENDIX 5: INTERNAL FILTER CHANGE/INSERTION )‐( ) ILTER HANGE NSTRUCTIONS IGURE Tools needed: Hemostat or tweezers Phillips Head Screwdriver Warning: Before attempting to replace filters make sure that external power is disconnected and the EMV+ Power Switch is set to “OFF”. Procedures: Foam Filter: The Foam Filter is located inside the Compressor Inlet Fitting. Carefully remove the Foam Filter using a hemostat or tweezers. Do Not reuse or attempt to clean the old filter. Replace the Foam Filter with a new filter. Lightly tap the new filter into place. The top of the filter should reside approximately ¾ to 7/8” below the height of the 22 mm female connector that is part of the Compressor Inlet Fitting. Disk Filter: Remove the four (4) 8‐32 x 3 Phillips Flat Head screws that secure the Compressor Inlet Fitting Assembly to the SPM Chassis. ...
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The Disk Filter is now exposed. Do Not remove the filter at this time. Examine the surface of the Disk Filter. Do Not replace the Disk Filter if it isn’t discolored. If the Disk Filter is discolored, replacement is necessary. Remove the Disk Filter using the hemostat or tweezers and replace it with a new, clean filter. Make sure that the filter sits flat on the shoulder in its recessed area. Shoulder Set the lower segment of the Compressor Inlet Fitting Assembly into the EMV+ making sure that its alignment pin mates. Alignment Hole Set the upper segment of the Compressor Inlet Fitting Assembly into the lower segment making sure that its alignment pin mates. Secure the Compressor Inlet Fitting Assembly to the SPM Chassis by equally tightening each of the four (4) 8‐32 x 3 Phillips Flat Head screws. Momentarily turn the EMV+ Power Switch to its “ON” position to confirm operating power. A D alarm will sound. ISCONNECT Turn the EMV+ Power Switch to its “OFF” position. 74 ...
APPENDIX 6: USE OF LOW FLOW OXYGEN Introduction The EMV can use O from low flow sources, O flow meters and O concentrators, to provide supplemental O to patients. To do this, O is entrained through the Fresh Gas/Emergency Air Intake when the EMV+’s internal compressor cycles to deliver a breath. In order to assure efficient O delivery, Impact recommends that the operator use the Oxygen Reservoir Bag Assembly (Part # 704‐0004‐00). The assembly performs a number of functions: 1) it acts a reservoir collecting O during the expiratory phase of ventilation, 2) provides interface to the ventilator and the attachment of the low‐flow O supply hose, and 3) provides an inlet for air in the event the low‐ flow O supply fails or the tidal volume is greater than the supplied O . Procedure 1. Press the Menu button and use the encoder to select O2 Reservoir “On”. This tells the EMV+ that the reservoir is attached and prevents the F alarm. RESH AS NTAKE ESTRICTED 2. Attach the O supply hose to the nipple on the reservoir assembly (see figure 17 ). 3. Attach the O Reservoir Bag Assembly to the Fresh Gas/Emergency Air Intake as shown. NOTE: The assembly will function when the reservoir bag is hanging down or lying horizontally provided the bag does not fall in such a way that occludes the neck of the bag. NOTE: The ventilator will sound a Low Priority F Alarm if the menu ...
APPENDIX 7: RECHARGING GUIDELINES: 1. Do not store the ventilator at 100% battery charge in a high temperature environment (~40˚C/104°F and above) for long periods. Doing this may affect the useable life of the battery. 2. When charging in the storage case, be advised that the battery may stop charging if ambient temperature is above 40˚C/104°F even though the unit is still connected to external power. Under these conditions, battery temperature can get as high as 10˚C/50°F above ambient. Charging will automatically start when the ambient temperature drops. EMV+ #703‐0EMV‐03): Figure 18 TORAGE ASE ART 77 ...
APPENDIX 8: POP UP MESSAGES (ALPHABETICAL LIST) Pop Up Message Explanation BPM Limit Conflict Cannot adjust high limit lower than low limit BPM Limit Conflict Cannot adjust low limit higher than high limit BPM Setting Conflict I Time cannot exceed 3 seconds BPM Setting Conflict I:E > 1:99 not allowed Heart Rate Limit Conflict Cannot adjust high limit lower than low limit Heart Rate Limit Conflict Cannot adjust low limit higher than high limit High Pressure Target Setting Confirmation required ‐‐ press accept key to exceed 60 cmH2O High Vt Limit Setting Confirmation required ‐‐ press accept key for values above 1500ml High Vt Setting Confirmation required ‐‐ press accept key to allow Vt > 1000ml I Time Range Exception I Time cannot exceed 3 seconds I Time Range Exception I Time must be greater than 0.3 seconds I:E Range Exception I:E > 1:99 not allowed I:E Range Exception Inverse I:E not allowed Low Breath Rate Setting Confirmation required‐‐press accept key for values below 6 BPM PEEP Backup Setting Conflict Cannot adjust PEEP target to within 5 of backup PIP target PEEP Setting Conflict Cannot adjust PEEP target to within 5 of PIP High Limits PEEP Setting Conflict Cannot adjust PEEP target to within 5 of PIP target PEEP Setting Conflict PEEP + PS cannot be greater than PIP High Limit PIP Limit Backup Setting Conflict ...
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