GKN Wheel & Rim Safety Manual

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Page 1 Wheel & Rim Safety Manual...
Page 2: Table Of Contents
Table of Contents GKN Wheels Overview GKN Wheels Overview The Basics: Safety Warnings, Terminology & Equipment The Basics: Safety Warnings, Terminology & Equipment Safety Warnings & General Guidelines Safety Warnings & General Guidelines Warning about Removal of Air before Servicing Rim Wheel Warning about Removal of Air before Servicing Rim Wheel Definitions of Common Terms Used in Servicing Multi &...
Page 3 Overview GKN Wheels’ manufacturing facilities in the UK, Denmark, Italy, China, and the United States are equipped to supply a wide range of precisely tailored wheel technologies on a global basis. The extensive product range covers a wide market Working in partnerships with universities, industry-...
Page 4 Safety warnings & gerneral guidelines WARNING: Air pressure in an inflated off-highway tire mounted on a wheel and rim creates explosive energy. This pressure can cause the tire/rim components to burst apart with great force. This is true of both single piece and multi-piece assemblies. If an exploding tire or rim component or the sudden release of air from a tire strikes you, you can be seriously or fatally injured.
Page 5 Warning about removal of air before servicing rim wheel IMPORTANT! This is the first step in all demounting operations. For safety’s sake, always remove the valve core and exhaust all air from a single tire and from both tires of a dual assembly before loosening the first clamp nut. WARNING: Check the valve stem by running a piece of wire through the stem to make sure it is not plugged.
Page 6 Definitions of common terms used in servicing multi & single piece rim wheels See OSHA Standards for Servicing Multi-Piece and Single Piece Rim Wheels, 29 C.F.R. 1910.177, Appendix A. Barrier: Fence, wall, or other structure or object placed between a single piece rim wheel and an employee during tire inflation to contain the rim wheel components in the event of the sudden release of the contained air of the single piece rim wheel.
Page 7 Standard wheel & rim terminology Reference SAE Standard J751 Single Piece Rims 1. Nominal Rim Width 2. Nominal Rim Diameter (Bead Seat Diameter) 3. Rim Inside Diameter 4. Valve Hole 5. Flange Height 6. Flange Width 7. Bead Seat Area Multi-Piece Rims (Three Piece Style) Single Piece Rims Reference SAE Standard J751...
Page 8 Multi-Piece (Five Piece Style) 1. Nominal Rim Width 2. Nominal Rim Diameter 3. Rim Inside Diameter (Id) 4. Valve Hole 5. Flange Height 6. Flange Width 7. Flange (Removable Flange - 2 Required) 8. Lock Ring 9. O-Ring 10. 28 Degree Mounting Angle 11.
Page 9 Positive Offset (or Positive Inset) Offset: The distance between the mounting face of the disk and the rim centerline. (Defined by SAE standards). Positive Offset: The distance is termed positive when the mounting face is outboard of the rim centerline. This is also known as positive inset.
Page 10 Multi-Piece Rims – Rim Driver Locks Lug Style with Notched Gutter Driver Lug Driver Lug Notch in the Bead Seat Band Lock Ring Lock Ring Notch in gutter part of the Rim Notch in gutter part of the Rim Heavy Duty Loose Key Style Heavy Duty Loose Key Style Heavy Duty Loose Key Style Bead Seat Band Driver Pocket...
Page 11 Typical heavy duty driver application 1. Align driver pockets in bead seat band 2. Insert driving key into driver pocket and base as shown. on base. 3. Make certain that all parts are properly 4. View of final assembly. aligned, as shown above, before inflation. 10 | Wheel &...
Page 12 Required safety equipment The use of proper tools and safety equipment helps prevent personal injuries and other costly damage. Remember, an inflated tire contains explosive energy. This can cause the tire/rim components to burst apart with great force. Protect yourself and others by using the tools and safety equipment recommended below.
Page 13 Proper equipment & tools for servicing Use only recommended tools and equipment for mounting and demounting off-highway tires and servicing wheels and rims to achieve optimal safety. Use of proper tools prevents damage to the rim and components. The use of improper tools or equipment can cause personal injury. The following tools are required to service the various types of multi-piece rims included in this manual: The following equipment may be required: A.
Page 14 5. Bead Breaker: This type of bead breaker is 6. Top: 4” (100 mm) ram used for loosening tires from bead seats when Bottom: 6”-8” (150–200 mm) ram the rim has no prying slots. Ram: A ram is used to apply pressure to the inside bead flange when removing tires from 5”...
Page 15 Safety Procedures & Standards for Servicing Off-Highway Rim Wheels 1. Importance of Deflation before Servicing 2. Proper Matching of Components before Assembly 3. Ensure All Components are in Good Condition 4. Preparation of Parts before Assembly 5. Safety Precautions during Inflation 6.
Page 16: Importance Of Deflation Before Servicing
1. Importance of deflation before servicing Always deflate both tires in a dual assembly completely before removing an assembly from the vehicle or machine or a tire from a rim wheel. Unseen damage could cause the assembly to explode during removal if the tire is removed while it is still inflated. See OSHA Standard for Servicing Multi- Piece and Single Piece Rim Wheels, 29 C.F.R.
Page 17 WARNING: Stay out of the trajectory as indicated by shaded area. Always use a safety cage or other restaining device in compliance with OSHA regulations. Note: Under some circumstances, the trajectory may deviate from its expected path. 16 | Wheel & Rim Safety Manual...
Page 18: Proper Matching Of Components Before Assembly
The size is stamped on every GKN rim base or side/lock ring. The stamping is generally found on the rim base near the valve slot/valve hole. If you cannot read the stamping on any part, do not use the part.
Page 19 WARNING: There is a danger of serious injury or death if a tire of one bead diameter is installed on a rim or wheel of a different rim diameter. Always replace a tire with another tire of exactly the same bead diameter designation and suffix letters.
Page 20: Ensure All Components Are In Good Condition
3. Ensure all components are in good condition WARNING: Use of damaged parts is very dangerous and is prohibited by the OSHA Standard for Servicing Multi-Piece and Single Piece Rim Wheels, 29 C.F.R. 910.117. These parts can fail during inflation, later handling, or while on the vehicle or machine. You or someone else could be seriously or fatally injured.
Page 21: Preparation Of Parts Before Assembly
4. Preparation of parts before assembly WARNING: Dirt and rust can cause a bead hang-up (the tire bead not seating properly) or prevent rim components from seating properly. Assembling dirty or rusty components can lead to explosive separation and result in serious or fatal injury. After removing all rust, corrosion, dirt, and other foreign material from all metal surfaces, check the mating surfaces of side/lock rings in multi-piece assemblies.
Page 22: Safety Precautions During Inflation
5. Safety precautions during inflation You can protect yourself and bystanders during inflation by always observing the following safety procedures. If you cut corners, you may cause a serious or fatal accident. Always inflate tires in a safety cage or another OSHA-approved restraining device. Always use a clip-on air chuck and remote in-line valve and gauge to allow you to stand a safe distance away from the assembly while inflating the tire.
Page 23 When a tire is being partially inflated (without a restraining device) to round out the tube or seat the side/lock ring, do not inflate to more than 3psi (21 kPa). Further inflation could result in explosive separation. Put the tire in a restraining device or use safety chains before inflating it further. Tires on vehicles or machines with more than 80% of the recommended air pressure can be re-inflated on the vehicle without disassembly, as long as there is no reason to suspect the tire or rim has been damaged.
Page 24 Never inflate to more than 40 psi (275 kPa) to seat tire beads. Additional inflation can cause a tire explosion. If tire beads do not seat when the tire is inflated to 40 psi (75 kPa), deflate the assembly, re-inspect the components, properly assemble, and follow proper inflation procedures to reinflate. After the tire is fully inflated, inspect the tire, rim, and rings for proper seating before you remove the assembled unit from the restraining device or safety chains.
Page 25 Proper Lock Ring Assembly Lightweight Standard Five Piece Rim Heavy Duty Three Piece Rim Three Piece Rim Incorrect Lock Ring Assembly (Lock Rings are in Backwards) Lightweight Standard Five Piece Rim Heavy Duty Three Piece Rim Three Piece Rim Never try to correct the seating of the side/lock rings by hammering, striking, or forcing the parts during servicing, inflation, or after inflation.
Page 26: Safety Precautions After Inflation
6. Safety precautions after inflation WARNING: If proper servicing, maintenance, or assembly procedures have not been followed, the rim wheel may explode at any time, resulting in serious or fatal injuries to you or others. Whenever handling inflated off-highway tires and wheels, stay out of the trajectory (danger zone). Warn others to stay out of the trajectory.
Page 27: Safe Loading
WARNING: Rims and wheels produced by GKN are designed and tested to meet the requirements of specific tires, vehicles, and/or machines. Some high load capacity/high inflation tires are being used in North America and Europe.
Page 28: Safe Installation On Vehicle Or Machine
8. Safe installation on vehicle or machine WARNING: Improperly installed wheels can fail and lead to an accident. Serious or fatal injury may result. When you install the rim wheel on the vehicle or machine, be sure to pay attention to the following: Proper size of nut and stud (and clamp if required).
Page 29: Safe Operation While On The Vehicle Or Machine
9. Safe operation while on the vehicle or machine WARNING: Improperly maintained wheels and rims can fail and lead to an accident. Serious or fatal injury may result. Never operate a vehicle or machine on only one tire when using a dual assembly. If one tire loses air, the carrying capability is reduced, resulting in the other tire assembly carrying the whole load.
Page 30 Mounting & demounting specific Off-Highway rim wheel types Multi-Piece Grader & Off-Highway Tubeless Tire Rims Mounting Instructions Demounting Instructions Demounting 25” - 49” Diameter Rims with Pry Bar Pockets Demounting 33” & Larger Rims with Continuous Pry Bar Ledge Mounting Tires on Earthmover Rims Oversized Tires on the Vehicle Mounting Instuctions Demounting Rims with Pry Bar Pockets...
Page 31 Multi-piece grader & Off-Highway tubeless tire rims Mounting Instructions CAUTION: Before mounting any tire, inspect the parts to ensure they match, are in good condition, and have been appropriately prepared. See Safety Procedures & Standards for Servicing Off-Highway Rim Wheels; Rim Wheel Components: Inspection Guidelines. NOTE: Install valve stud on the rim and tighten to proper torque before proceeding with mounting.
Page 32 5. Check components (lock rings, bead seat, and flanges) to make sure the parts are correctly assembled. NOTE: Lock rings should be fully seated into lock ring groove around the circumference. Insert drive key as required. Place rim and tire in a safety cage or use another restraining device during tire inflation.
Page 33 Multi-piece grader & Off-Highway tubeless tire rims Demounting Instructions CAUTION: Always completely deflate tire by removing valve core before removing the tire from vehicle or before attempting any other demounting operation. Check the valve stem by carefully running a piece of wire through the stem to make sure it is not plugged.
Page 34 5. Remove the side flange. Turn tire and rim over and unseat second bead by inserting both tools between tire bead and rim flange as in Step 2. Repeat Steps 1 & 2 until the tire is completely unseated from the rim on the fixed flange side.
Page 35: Demounting 25"- 49" Diameter Rims With Pry Bar Pockets
Demounting 25” – 49” diameter rims With pry bar pockets CAUTION: Always completely deflate tire by removing valve core before removing the tire from vehicle or before attempting any other demounting operation. Check the valve stem by carefully running a piece of wire through the stem to make sure it is not plugged.
Page 36 5. Release the pressure and move tool about 2’ (0.6 m) around the rim for the second bite. Continue the procedure until about ¾ of the way around the rim, then apply pressure until the tire bead is unseated. CAUTION: Do not use tool in the vicinity of the flange butt weld.
Page 37 Demounting 33” & larger rims With continuous pry bar ledge CAUTION: Always completely deflate tire by removing valve core before removing the tire from vehicle or before attempting any other demounting operation. Check the valve stem by carefully running a piece of wire through the stem to make sure it is not plugged.
Page 38 5. Activate the hydraulic pump and apply enough pressure to depress the flange about ¾” - 1” (19 - 25 mm). While applying pressure, the operator should stand to the side and hold the tool with one hand. This allows control should the tool not seat properly and fly off.
Page 39 8. Lift out the bead seat band, using a hoist or pry 7. Release the pressure and move the hydraulic bars. Then remove the front flange. bead-unseating tool approximately 2’ - 3’ (0.6-0.9 m) around the rim for the second bite. Continue the procedure until about ¾...
Page 40 Mounting tires on earthmover rims CAUTION: Before mounting any tire, inspect the parts to ensure they match, are in good condition, and have been appropriately prepared. See Safety Procedures & Standards for Servicing Off-Highway Rim Wheels; Rim Wheel Components: Inspection Guidelines. 1.
Page 41 3. Place the second flange on the rim base. 4. Lubricate both sides of bead seat band and place the bead seat band on the rim base. Due to limited clearance between bead seat and rim base, bead seat band will bind if cocked slightly.
Page 42 6. ???? 5. Depress flange and bead seat band sufficiently to slip a new lubricated O-ring into the O-ring groove; then lubricate the entire O-ring groove area with an appropriate rubber lubricant. 7. Check components (lock rings, bead seat, and again check for proper engagement of all and flanges) to make sure that the parts are components.
Page 43: Oversized Tires On The Vehicle Oversized Tires On The Vehicle
Oversized tires on the vehicle Mounting instructions CAUTION: Before mounting any tire, inspect the parts to ensure they match, are in good condition, and have been appropriately prepared. See Safety Procedures & Standards for Servicing Off-Highway Rim Wheels; Rim Wheel Components: Inspection Guidelines. 1.
Page 44 6. Work the lock ring into the lock ring groove. Check components (lock rings, bead seat, and flanges) to make sure that parts are correctly assembled. NOTE: Lock rings should be fully seated in lock ring groove around the circumference. Insert drive key as required. Use a restraining device during tire inflation.
Page 45 Oversized tires on the vehicle Demounting rims with pry bar pockets CAUTION: Always completely deflate tire by removing valve core before removing the tire from vehicle or before attempting any other demounting operation. Check the valve stem by carefully running a piece of wire through the stem to make sure it is not plugged.
Page 46 5. Depress bead seat band to remove the lock ring with a pry bar, starting near the split and working around the ring. 6. Depress bead seat band to insert tip of a pry bar under the O-ring and pull it from the groove.
Page 47 7. Remove the flange and carefully lower it to the 8. To UNSEAT the back tire bead, use either the ground and roll it out of the way. bead unseatting tool as used on the front bead or a shorty ram between the frame of the vehicle and the flange, as shown.
Page 48 Oversized tires on the vehicle Demounting rims with or without pry bar pockets CAUTION: Always completely deflate tire by removing valve core before removing the tire from vehicle or before attempting any other demounting operation. Check the valve stem by carefully running a piece of wire through the stem to make sure it is not plugged.
Page 49 5. Release pump pressure. Remove spade and ram assembly from frame. Loosen clamping jaw bolts and remove tool frame from flange. 6. Move to spot approximately 90° from first application (either direction) and repeat entire procedure. Repeat procedure until tire bead is free.
Page 50 Handling tubes and flaps Demounting 1. Before working the tire off the rim, make certain that the valve will clear the gutter section. 2. Remove flap from the tire, using a tool with a rounded end to pry it out and away from the beads. On some types of tires, it may be necessary to use a tire spreader or a small auto jack to spread the beads and assist in removing the flap.
Page 51: Tubeless Tires On Single Piece 15° Tapered Drop Center Rims
Tubeless tires on single piece 15˚ tapered drop centre rims Mounting & demounting instructions Specialized equipment is necessary for mounting and demounting tubeless tires on single piece 15° tapered drop center rims. The photographs below represent three types of machines that are currently available.
Page 52 A. Wiper Arms B. Hydraulic Pusher Cylinders C. Push-Block D. Demount Cylinder 3. Starting Position 4. Extend wiper arms to draw the tire’s bottom bead into the rim’s drop center Wiper arms and hydraulic pusher cylinders fully retracted. Lower tire into below position. (rim well).
Page 53 7. Position push-block on upper shoulder of tire and work push-block downward to raise top bead – opposite push-block – above the rim flange. 8. Retract wiper arms to approximately 120° partially retract push-block to permit tire to “walk” across rim. Repeat above procedure with wiper arms at 180°...
Page 54 9. Extend wiper arms to draw tire up to rim. 10. Position push-block on upper shoulder and “work” top bead into rim drop center (rim well). Extend wiper arms to 180° apart. To ease the mounting of the top bead, extend push-block up and down until the bead is firmly placed in the rim’s drop center (rim well).
Page 55 12. Retract push-block. Raise center post so wiper arms clear tire. Retract wiper arms to home position. Remove wiper arms from center post bracket. 13. Inflate tire to its recommended cold operating pressure. This automatically seats the beads. 14. Prepare tire and rim assembly for removal. When tire and rim are supported, retract centering blocks and remove assembly.
Page 56 Preliminaries Demounting CAUTION: Always completely deflate tire by removing valve core before removing the tire from vehicle or before attempting any other demounting operation. Check the valve stem by carefully running a piece of wire through the stem to make sure it is not plugged. See Safety Procedures & Standards for Servicing Off-Highway Rim Wheels.
Page 57: Agricultural Rim Wheels
Agricultural rim wheels WARNING: SERIOUS OR FATAL INJURY MAY RESULT FROM: • Explosion of rim wheel due to improper mounting. NEVER exceed 35 psi (240 kPa) of air pressure when seating beads. ALWAYS use a safety cage or other restraining device and a clip-on extension hose. ONLY specially trained persons should mount tires.
Page 58 Agricultural rim wheels Mounting tires on the vehicle CAUTION: Before mounting any tire, inspect the parts to ensure they match, are in good condition, and have been appropriately prepared. See Safety Procedures & Standards for Servicing Off-Highway Rim; Rim Wheel Components: Inspection Guidelines. 1.
Page 59 5. Starting at the top, use tire irons to lift the 6. After getting the first section of the bead outer bead up and over the rim flange, then into the rim well, place one hand against that down into the rim well. Be careful not to pinch section to hold it, and then pry the remainder the tube in this operation.
Page 60 Agricultural rim wheels Demounting tires on the vehicle CAUTION: Always completely deflate tire by removing valve core before removing the tire from vehicle or before attempting any other demounting operation. Check the valve stem by carefully running a piece of wire through the stem to make sure it is not plugged.
Page 61 5. After the first section of the bead is over the 6. Pull the tube out of the casing, starting at the rim flange, use one tire iron to hold that bottom. If only the tube requires repair or section over the flange and use another iron replacement, it can be removed, repaired, to pry the next section over the flange.
Page 62 Agricultural rim wheels Mounting tires off of the vehicle CAUTION: Before mounting any tire, inspect the parts to ensure they match, are in good condition, and have been appropriately prepared. See Safety Procedures & Standards for Servicing Off-Highway Rim Wheels; Rim Wheel Components: Inspection Guidelines. 1.
Page 63 5. Thoroughly lubricate the tire bead area and rim bead seats on both sides of the tire. 6. Centering the tire on the rim is extremely important to prevent broken beads. Place in a safety cage or other restraining device. Using an extension hose with an in-line gauge and clip-on air chuck, inflate the tire (with the valve core removed) to seat the beads.
Page 64 Agricultural rim wheels Demounting tires off of the vehicle CAUTION: Always completely deflate tire by removing valve core before removing the tire from vehicle or before attempting any other demounting operation. Check the valve stem by carefully running a piece of wire through the stem to make sure it is not plugged.
Page 65 6. To completely remove the tire from the rim, 5. Bring the assembly to an upright position and turn the assembly over so the narrow ledge is pull the tube out of the tire. If only the tube requires repair or replacement, it can be down and lubricate the second tire bead and removed, repaired, and replaced in the tire rim flange.
Page 66 15.3” diameter: 9” width european rims WARNING: Certain European farm implement equipment has been imported into North America with unique diameter rims for which no North American produced replacement tire sizes are available. Any attempt to mount and inflate 15” nominal bead diameter tires on these rims may ultimately cause one of the tire beads to break, possibly resulting in serious physical injury or even death.
Page 67 Rim Wheel Components: Inspection guidelines Identification of Damaged Components Proper Maintenance of Rim Wheel Components 66 | Wheel & Rim Safety Manual...
Page 68 Identification of damaged components Wheel and rim components can become damaged. Check all metal surfaces for rust or corrosion buildup, cracks in metal, bent flanges or side rings, and deep rim tool marks on rings or in gutter areas. Watch for the problems illustrated on the next three pages and take corrective actions to prevent further damage.
Page 69 Disc wheel cracks/bolt hole distortions Disc Wheel Cracks/Bolt Hole Distortions Handhold to handhole, Bolt hole to bolt hole: caused Cracks at disc nave and/or handhold to bolt hole, by loose cap nuts and/or handhole: caused by bad fit- handhole to rim: caused by small hub backup.
Page 70 Continuous Flange Cracks Lateral Crack Through Section: Sprung ring: caused by overloading, overinflation, damaged mating mishapen caused by improper installation and/or improper surfaces, bent ring, excessive corrosion/erosion, and/or removal. excessive clamp torque on demountable rims. Split Side Ring Problems Split Lock Ring Problems Split Ring: caused by overload, over-inflation, improper Excessive corrosion/erosion: caused by improper maintenance installation, and/or improper removal.
Page 71 Proper maintenance of rim wheel components 1. Thoroughly remove all rust, dirt, and any other foreign material from all surfaces. Use hand- held or electric wire brushes or sanding tool. The gutter of the rim base should be cleared of all rust and other materials that could 2.
Page 72 Preparation for hardware installation Remember to use a wire brush to remove excessive paint, rust, and/or foreign material on the mating surfaces of the wheel and hub. See Rim Wheel Components: Inspection Guidelines. Excessive material between the wheel disc and the hub can cause torque loss of the wheel fasteners. A calibrated torque wrench is recommended to verify that the fasteners have been tightened to the correct torque value.
Page 73 Installation procedure for hub piloted wheels using flanged nut hardware Position the wheel over the hub so that the bolt holes of the wheel align with the studs in the hub. Install the nuts at the 12 o’clock and 6 o’clock positions and make these nuts finger tight.
Page 74: Gkn Wheels' Products
GKN OffHighway Wheels’ Products 73 | Wheel & Rim Safety Manual...
Page 75 Agricultural Tractors Agricultural Implements Harvesting Wheels Light Construction Compact Tractors Self Propelling Sprayers Combine Harvester Site Dumper Mid-Range Tractors Other Implements Self-Propelled Harvester Compact Loader Large Tractors Backhoe Loader Excavator Skid Steer Loader Road Roller Telehandler Motor Grader Heavy Construction Wheels Material Handling Wheels Other Wheels Hubs &...
Page 76: Appendices
Appendices OSHA STANDARD: 29 CFR Part 1910.177 (Servicing Multi & Single Piece Rim Wheels) Mine Safety & Health Administration Regulations EUWA Safety & Service Recommendations for Wheels Other Sources of Rim Wheel Safety & Servicing Information 75 | Wheel & Rim Safety Manual...
Page 77: Osha Standard: 29 Cfr Part 1910.177 (Servicing Multi & Single Piece Rim Wheels)
Appendix A OSHA Standard: 29 CFR PART 1910.177 (Servicing multi & single piece rim wheels Sec. 1910.177 Servicing multi-piece and single piece rim wheels. (a) Scope. (1) This section applies to the servicing of multi-piece and single piece rim wheels used on large vehicles such as trucks, tractors, trailers, buses, and off-road machines.
Page 78 Service area means that part of an employer's explosive separation, or the sudden release of the premises used for the servicing of rim wheels, or pressurized air, or an area at which an airblast any other place where an employee services rim from a single piece rim wheel may be released.
Page 79 (viii) Installation and removal of rim wheels. (3) The employer shall evaluate each employee's ability to perform these tasks and to service rim wheels safely, and shall provide additional training as necessary to assure that each employee maintains his or her proficiency. (d) Tire servicing equipment.
Page 80 (5) Current charts or rim manuals containing instructions for the type of wheels being serviced shall be available in the service area. (6) The employer shall furnish and assure that only tools recommended in the rim manual for the type of wheel being serviced are used to service rim wheels.
Page 81 (7) After tire inflation, the tire and wheel components shall be inspected while still within the restraining device to make sure that they are properly seated and locked. If further adjustment to the tire or wheel components is necessary, the tire shall be deflated by removal of the valve core before the adjustment is made.
Page 82 (11) No heat shall be applied to a single piece wheel. (12)Cracked, broken, bent, or otherwise damaged wheels shall not be reworked, welded, brazed, or otherwise heated. Trajectory warning – 1910.177 App. A brazed, or otherwise heated. Stay out of the Trajectory as indicated by shaded area Note: Under some circumstance, the trajectory may deviate from its expected path 81 | Wheel &...
Page 83 Ordering Information for NHTSA Charts - 1910.177 App. B OSHA has printed two charts entitled “Demounting and Mounting Procedures for Truck/Bus Tires” and “Multi-piece Rim Matching Chart,” as part of a continuing campaign to reduce accidents among employees who service large vehicle rim wheels. Reprints of the charts are available through the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Area and Regional Offices.
Page 84 Appendix B Mine safety & health administration (“MSHA”) regulations pertaining to tire and rim safety This section contains the following regulations pertaining to tire and rim safety from Title 30 of the Code of Federal Regulations, issued by the U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration (“MSHA”).
Page 85 (b) To prevent injury from wheel rims during tire inflation, one of the following shall be used: 1. A wheel cage or other restraining device that will constrain all wheel rim components during an explosive separation of a multi-piece wheel rim, or during the sudden release of contained air in a single piece rim wheel;...
Page 86 30 C.F.R. § 77.210: Hoisting of materials. (a) Hitches and slings used to hoist materials shall be suitable for handling the type of materials being hoisted. (b) Men shall stay clear of hoisted loads. (c) Taglines shall be attached to hoisted materials that require steadying or guidance. 30 C.F.R.
Page 87: Euwa Safety & Service Recommendations For Wheels
Appendix C EUWA safety & service recommendations for wheels Safety and service recommendations for wheels Developed by EUWA - Association of European Wheel Manufacturers Members of EUWA represent the main manufacturers of wheels, for all types of vehicles The wheel makers are continuously improving the design and the manufacture of their products in order to obtain the highest degree of accuracy, strength and reliability.
Page 88 2 - General safety and maintenance recommendations 2.1 - Wheels and wheel components Never use wheels or wheel components which cannot be well identified, even if they appear to have the correct dimensions and the same correct function. The identifications impressed on the bolt hole area of the wheel disc and/or on the rim/rings -- see picture No.1 -- will help to ensure the correct replacement with another component having identical characteristics and performance, as required by the vehicle manufacturer.
Page 89 2.3 - Identify a damaged rim/wheel Periodically check the wheel conditions: a complete cleaning of all surfaces before inspection will help in finding more easily and surely possible defects. Check closely all components after removal, to ensure that they are in good condition and look for any possible non-conformity -- see picture No.
Page 90 2.4 - Mounting of tire onto wheel rim This operation must be carried out by trained personnel only. Be sure that the rim size and diameter are the right ones for the tire to be mounted. Inspect the wheels and its components to verify that all parts are in good condition. Do not use damaged, worn out, or cracked parts and do not try to repair them.
Page 91 Extreme care should be taken: the sudden release of the air contained in the tire can cause serious injury. Always use an air gauge to measure the tire pressure. The correct value, specified for the tire, must be maintained to avoid damage to tire or fracture of the wheel/rim. 2.5 - Mounting of wheel to the vehicle - studs and nuts The tire/wheel assembly must be correctly positioned relative to the hub when mounting on the vehicle.
Page 92 2.6 - Wheel maintenance Burrs, marks, and rust must be removed before mounting the tire, to avoid damage to the tire. When repainting, it must be borne in mind that on the wheel mounting contact areas the total thickness of coating, including the base coat, should not exceed 50 microns, except where stated differently by the vehicle manufacturer.
Page 93 Picture No. 4 – Mounting a tyre on a wheel with drop center rim The picture shows the manual mounting of a commercial vehicle wheel with a 15° drop centre rim. Differently from the photos, presently the mounting/demounting operations of the tire are no longer carried out manually but on special machines.
Page 94 Trajectory (danger zone) to be avoided when handling multi-piece rim wheels Examples of nut tightening sequence related to commercial vehicle disc wheels having 6, 8, 10 bolt fixing and to the TRILEX® wheel system. 6 bolt fixing 8 bolt fixing 10 bolt fixing TRILEX system 93 | Wheel &...
Page 95 Specific tire mounting-demounting procedure for wheels with 15° D.C. rim and protected valve. The “45° valve” types used for these wheels must have a spherical valve base. This is required in order: - To avoid risk of tire damage caused by the valve base during mounting/demounting.
Page 96 Demounting Demounting – Unlocking Demounting the first tyre bead Demounting the second bead Deflate the tyre completely by removing To be carried out on the rim narrower Turn the assembly over the floor (disc the valve core. Starting with the narrow seat using suitable tools.
Page 97 Assembling of the Trilex® rim segments into tire Lubricate tire beads and flap. This will ease assembling work and prevent sticking of tire. Clean rust pitted rims and coat with rust-resisting paint (zinc dust paint). Remove burrs, if any, at segments ends by filing. Round off transition rim base/rim flange. Place tire on the ground, valve pointing upwards.
Page 98: Other Sources Of Rim Wheel Safety & Servicing Information
Appendix D Other sources of rim wheel safety and servicing information OSHA Publications Copies of the OSHA “Demounting & Mounting Procedures for Truck/Bus Tires” chart and the OSHA “Multi-Piece Rim Matching Chart” can be ordered through OSHA’s web site, www.osha.gov, at www.osha.gov/pls/publications/pubindex.list#posters1 or www.osha.gov/pls/publications/pubindex.list.