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1.
Features
• Compatible with all ISO/IEC 14443 Type B Compliant Cards,
Tags, and Transponders
• High Performance 13.56 MHz RF Communications Interface
― ISO/IEC 14443-2 Type B Compliant 106 Kbps Signaling
― ISO/IEC 14443-3 Type B Compliant Frame and Data Format
Internal Transmitter Drives Antenna with No External Active
• Circuitry
― Robust Receiver Demodulates and Decodes Type B Signals
• Intelligent RF Reader Functions
― ISO/IEC 14443-3 Type B Polling Function
― Type B Frame Formatting and Decoding is Handled Internally
― Internal CRC Generation and Error Detection
― Adjustable Frame Wait Timing
― Internal Data Buffer
• Two Serial Communication Interface Options
― Two-Wire Interface (TWI) Slave Device with Clock Speed
up to 1 MHz
― SPI Mode 0 Slave Device with Clock Speed up to 2 MHz
― SPI or TWI Mode Selection with Interface Mode Select Pin
• Compatible with 3.3 V and 5 V Microcontrollers
― Supply Voltage: 3.0 to 3.6 Volts or 4.5 to 5.5 Volts
• Package: 6 by 6 mm QFN
• Industrial Operating Temperature: -40° to +85° C
2.
Description
The AT88RF1354 is a smart, high performance ISO/IEC 14443 Type B RF
Reader IC. The AT88RF1354 communicates with RFID Transponders or
Contactless Smartcards using the industry standard ISO/IEC 14443-2 Type
B signal modulation scheme and ISO/IEC 14443-3 Type B frame format.
Data is exchanged half duplex at a 106k bit per second rate. A two byte
CRC_B provides communication error detection capability.
The AT88RF1354 is compatible with 3.3 V and 5 V host microcontrollers
with two-wire or SPI serial interfaces. In two-wire interface mode the
AT88RF1354 operates as a TWI slave and requires four microcontroller
pins for data communication and handshaking. In SPI interface mode the
AT88RF1354 operates as a mode 0 SPI slave and requires six
microcontroller pins for data communication and handshaking.
To communicate with an RFID transponder the host microcontroller sends a
data packet for transmission over the RF communications channel, and
receives the response data packet that is received from the transponder
over the RF communications channel. AT88RF1354 performs all RF
communication packet formatting, decoding, and communication error
checking.
The host microcontroller is not burdened with RF encoding,
timing, or protocol functions since these tasks are all performed by the
AT88RF1354.
13.56 MHz Type B
RF Reader
Specification
AT88RF1354
Preliminary
8547A• RFID• 10/08
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Related Manuals for Atmel AT88RF1354
Summary of Contents for Atmel AT88RF1354
- Page 1 • Package: 6 by 6 mm QFN • Industrial Operating Temperature: -40° to +85° C Description The AT88RF1354 is a smart, high performance ISO/IEC 14443 Type B RF Reader IC. The AT88RF1354 communicates with RFID Transponders or Contactless Smartcards using the industry standard ISO/IEC 14443-2 Type B signal modulation scheme and ISO/IEC 14443-3 Type B frame format.
- Page 2 Introduction 3.1. Block Diagram Figure 1. Block Diagram Filter RFin Modulator Transmit Receive SRAM Command Response ANT Driver Vss_ANT Logic Registers 13.56 MHz Serial Interface CLKO Xtal1 Xtal2 ResetB ISEL Istat ADDR 13.56 MHz Type B RF Reader 8547A−RFID−10/08...
- Page 3 Reference Designs and additional technical information is available in AT88RF1354 Application Notes. The reference designs described in the AT88RF1354 Application Notes include schematics, board designs, and a complete bill of materials. Each reference design has been optimized for reliable, robust communications with cards and tags with antenna dimensions within a specified size range.
- Page 4 Type B standard frame and transmitted on the RF communications channel, along with the CRC. When a response is received from the card, the response frame is decoded by AT88RF1354 and the resulting bytes are stored in SRAM buffer memory. If a CRC or frame format error is detected in the response, then bits are set in the Error Register (EREG).
- Page 5 Abort Command to interrupt them. The Clear Command is used to clear the configuration registers and place AT88RF1354 in a known initial state. The Clear Command is usually the first command sent after the reader is powered on and reset.
- Page 6 Register Summary The AT88RF1354 Command Reference Guide document contains all of the detailed information required by a software developer or embedded systems programmer to use the AT88RF1354 Register Set. See www.atmel.com for the AT88RF1354 Command Reference Guide (doc 5150x). Table 2.
- Page 7 5.1. Communications Protocol Registers AT88RF1354 contains five 16 bit Communication Protocol Registers for configuration of the RF communication protocol. Each register contains a high byte (CPRx_H) and a low byte (CPRx_L). The CPRx_H registers are used to configure the Frame Wait Time. The CPRx_L registers are currently unused (Reserved for Future Use) and must remain set to $00.
- Page 8 Status Registers AT88RF1354 contains three read-only registers that provide status information. The operational status of the IC is contained in the SREG Register; by reading this register it can be determined if the RF Field is on and if the analog circuits are fully powered up.
- Page 9 13.56 MHz Type B RF Reader Pin List Name Description Type _ANT Power for Transmitter and Antenna Drive Circuits Power _ANT Ground for Transmitter and Antenna Drive Circuits Ground Antenna Driver Output Xtal1 Crystal Pin 1 Xtal Buffer Xtal2 Crystal Pin 2 Bypass Capacitance Output Test1...
- Page 10 6.1. Power and Ground Pin Descriptions 6.1.1. [24] Supply Voltage for I/O buffers, digital, and analog circuits. V voltage must match the microcontroller I/O voltage since all digital I/O levels are referenced to V Two V bypass capacitors must be connected between the V pin and V .
- Page 11 A low level on Istat indicates that the serial interface buffer is empty. Note: Use of Istat for serial communications control is mandatory, and the AT88RF1354 will not accept commands from the host microcontroller when Istat is high. 6.2.5.
- Page 12 RFin [32] RF input pin. RFin is the input to the receiver. A resistor/capacitor filter is used to limit the peak to peak voltage on this pin to a safe level. See the AT88RF1354 reference design for appropriate component values. 6.4.
- Page 13 13.56 MHz Type B RF Reader 6.4.5. C5 [6] C5 bypass capacitor pin. Bypass capacitance of 0.33 uF for the digital circuits must be connected between the C5 pin and V . This capacitor must be placed within 3 mm of the package. Any 0.33 uF ceramic capacitor with X5R or X7R dielectric and a working voltage of 10 volts minimum may be used.
- Page 14 Typical Application 7.1. Operating Principle Contactless RF smart cards operating at 13.56 Mhz are powered by and communicate with the reader via inductive coupling of the reader antenna to the card antenna. The two loop antennas effectively form a transformer. An alternating magnetic field is produced by sinusoidal current flowing thru the reader antenna loop.
- Page 15 Application In a typical application the AT88RF1354 reader circuitry and the loop antenna are integrated on a single four layer printed circuit board. The host microcontroller and power supply may reside on the same PCB, or on a separate PCB depending on the application requirements.
- Page 16 Electrical Characteristics 8.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings* Absolute Maximum Rating Operating Temperature (case temp) -40° C to +85° C Storage Temperature (case temp) -65° C to +150° C Power Dissipation 2 Watts Maximum Operating Voltage (V 6.0 Volts Maximum Operating Voltage (V _ANT) 6.0 Volts DC Current: V...
- Page 17 Note: 1. Typical values at 25° C. Maximum values are characterized values and not test limits in production. 2. RF performance is dependent on the reader circuit design, PCB layout, and component specifications. RF timing values in table are measured on an Atmel reference design. All values are preliminary and will be updated after characterization.
- Page 18 TWI Mode Timing Tc = -40° to +85° C (unless otherwise noted) 100 kHz Operation 1 MHz Operation Unit Symbol Parameter Condition Typical Typical SCK High pulse width HIGH SCK Low pulse width Setup time, Data SU;DAT Hold time, Data HD;DAT Setup time, Start condition SU;STA...
- Page 19 13.56 MHz Type B RF Reader Figure 5. SPI Interface timing requirements Standby Mode Timing Tc = -40° to +85° C (unless otherwise noted) = 3.0 to 3.6 V = 4.5 to 5.5 V Symbol Parameter Condition Units Typical Typical Crystal Oscillator start-up time Leaving OSC disabled Standby Entering OSC enabled Standby Standby Mode Enable Time...
- Page 20 Note: 1. Typical values at 25° C. Values are characterized values and not test limits in production. 2. Operating Frequency is dependent on the reader circuit design, PCB layout, and component specifications. An Atmel reference design with 13.560 MHz 50 ppm crystal was used to characterize this parameter.
- Page 21 13.56 MHz Type B RF Reader Typical Characteristics The performance of AT88RF1354 is dependent on the reader circuit, the loop antenna design, the board layout, the specifications of the passive components, the quality of the supply voltages, the quality of the ground, the electrical noise in the system, and how the reader circuit is connected to the other system components.
- Page 22 Atmel reference design. 3. Operating Frequency is dependent on the reader circuit design, PCB layout, and component specifications. An Atmel reference design with 13.560 MHz 50 ppm crystal was used to characterize this parameter.
- Page 23 Note: 1. Typical values at Tc = 35° C. Values are characterized values and not test limits in production. 2. Performance is dependent on the reader circuit design, PCB layout, and component specifications. All values in table measured on an Atmel reference design. 8547A−RFID−10/08...
- Page 24 Mechanical 10.1. Thermal Characteristics The AT88RF1354 QFN package thermal characteristics were modeled and characterized by Amkor with JEDEC ψ standard methods using a multilayer JEDEC test board with nine thermal vias on the PCB thermal pad. is 12.1 °C/W and θ...
- Page 25 13.56 MHz Type B RF Reader 10.4. Package Drawing 8547A−RFID−10/08...
- Page 26 Ordering Information AT88RF1354 is available in the 6 mm by 6 mm 36 pin QFN package only. Standard delivery format is bulk, in trays. Tape & reel is also available. Ordering Code Package Temperature Range AT88RF1354-ZU 36 pin QFN thermal package, 6 x 6 mm, Green, in Trays Industrial (-40°...
- Page 27 A.1. RF Signal Interface The AT88RF1354 RF communications interface is compliant with the ISO/IEC 14443 part 2 and part 3 Type B signaling requirements when used exactly as described in the AT88RF1354 reference design application notes. Type B signaling utilizes a 10 % amplitude modulation of the RF field for communication from the reader to the card with NRZ encoded data.
- Page 28 A.3. Frame Format Data transmitted by the PCD or PICC is sent as frames. The frame consists of the start of frame (SOF), several bytes of information, and the end of frame (EOF). The SOF and EOF requirements are shown in Figure A-2. Figure A-2.
- Page 29 13.56 MHz Type B RF Reader A.5. Card Data Transmission The PICC waits silently for a command from the PCD after being activated by the RF field. After receiving a valid command from the PCD, the PICC is allowed to turn on the subcarrier only if it intends to transmit a complete response frame.
- Page 30 CRC bytes. When transmitting data the AT88RF1354 reader automatically computes the CRC on the outgoing data packet, and inserts it prior to the end of frame. Any CRC error detected by AT88RF1354 is reported to the host microcontroller.
- Page 31 13.56 MHz Type B RF Reader A.9. Magnetic Field Strength ISO/IEC 14443 part 2 defines the minimum and maximum operating magnetic field strength as Hmin and Hmax. A credit card sized (ID-1) PICC is required to operate at all magnetic field strengths between Hmin = 1.5 A/m rms and Hmax = 7.5 A/m rms.
- Page 32 B.1. SPI Interface The AT88RF1354 SPI interface operates as a slave device in SPI mode 0. In SPI mode 0 the polarity and phase of the serial clock in relation to the data is as follows: SCK is low when IDLE.
- Page 33 Data on the SDA / SDI line is sampled by the receiving device when the SCK clock is high. Data is allowed to be changed by the transmitting device only when the SCK clock is low. All data must be clocked out of the AT88RF1354 before it can receive a command.
- Page 34 AT88RF1354. Upon a successful compare of the device address, the AT88RF1354 will pull the SDI output low for 1 bit period, sending a TWI ACK bit. If an address compare is unsuccessful, the device will return to an idle state and the SDA / SDI line will remain pulled up by the external pull-up resistor, effectively sending a TWI NACK bit.
- Page 35 D.1. Introduction This Appendix provides PCB designers with a set of guidelines for successful board mounting of Atmel’s QFN MicroLeadFrame ® package. The QFN package is a near chip scale plastic encapsulated package with a copper leadframe substrate. This is a leadless package where electrical contact to the PCB is made by soldering the lands on the bottom surface of the package to the PCB, instead of the conventional formed perimeter leads.
- Page 36 1.0 to 1.2 mm pitch with a via diameter of 0.3 to 0.33 mm. For optimum heat transfer it is recommended that a minimum of nine vias be placed in the thermal pad, and a 1 ounce copper thickness be used on all PCB layers on AT88RF1354 readers. D.3.3.
- Page 37 Since the surface mount process varies from company to company, careful process development is recommended. The following provides some guidelines for the stencil design based on Atmel’s experience in the surface mounting of QFN packages. D.4.1.
- Page 38 D.4.2. Stencil Design for Thermal Pad In order to effectively remove the heat from the package and to enhance the electrical performance, the die paddle needs to be soldered to the PCB thermal pad, preferably with minimum voids. However, eliminating voids may not be possible because of the presence of thermal vias and the large size of the thermal pad for larger size packages.
- Page 39 This protrusion is a function of the PCB thickness, the amount of paste coverage in the thermal pad region, and the surface finish of the PCB. Atmel’s experience is that this protrusion can be avoided by using a lower volume of the solder paste and reduced reflow peak temperature.
- Page 40 D.4.4. Stencil Thickness and Solder Paste A stencil thickness of 0.125 mm is recommended for 0.4 and 0.5 mm pitch parts. A laser-cut, stainless steel stencil is recommended with electro-polished trapezoidal walls to improve the paste release. Since not enough space is available underneath the part after reflow, it is recommended that the “No Clean”, Type 3 paste be used for mounting QFN packages.
- Page 41 13.56 MHz Type B RF Reader The fillet formation is also a function of the PCB land size, the printed solder volume, and the package standoff height. Since there is only limited solder available, higher standoff (controlled by the paste coverage on the thermal pad) may not leave enough solder for fillet formation.
- Page 42 Figure D-9. Since the actual reflow profile depends on the solder paste being used and the board density, Atmel does not recommend a specific profile. However, the temperature should not exceed the maximum temperature the package is qualified for according to the moisture sensitivity level.
- Page 43 13.56 MHz Type B RF Reader Figure D-9. Typical PCB mounting process flow. Solder Paste Printing REFLOW Post Print Inspection Post Reflow Inspection (Visual/X-ray) Component Placement Rework & Touch Up Pre Reflow Inspection D.6. Rework Guidelines Since solder joints are not fully exposed in the case of QFNs, any retouch is limited to the side fillet. For defects underneath the package, the whole package has to be removed.
- Page 44 D.7. Summary Successful use of the AT88RF1354 QFN package requires careful development of the PCB and the manufacturing process. This appendix contains guidelines to assist the design and manufacturing engineers in optimizing the PC board and processes. These guidelines include: ─...
- Page 45 CRC .....Cyclic Redundancy Check = 16 bit RF Communication Error Detection Code. CRC_B..Cyclic Redundancy Check, Type B. ® CRF .....CryptoRF . Atmel ISO/IEC 14443 Type B secure transponder IC family. EEPROM ..Nonvolatile memory. EGT .....Extra Guard Time. EOF .....End of Frame.
- Page 46 RAM .....Random Access Memory. Volatile memory. Reader ..The AT88RF1354 with antenna and associated circuitry. RF ....Radio Frequency. RFU .....Reserved for Future Use. Any feature or bit reserved by ISO or by Atmel. rms....Root Mean Square. ROM ....Read Only Memory. RW....REQB/WUPB command selection code.
- Page 47 Standards and Reference Documents International Standards AT88RF1354 is designed to comply with the applicable requirements of the following ISO/IEC standards for Type B PCDs operating at the standard 106 kbps data rate. ISO/IEC 10373-6:2001 Identification Cards – Test Methods – Part 6: Proximity Cards ISO/IEC 14443-2:2001 Identification Cards –...
- Page 48 G.1. ATD88RF1354 with IDR Hardware Revision Register: $10 Pre-production version, not fully qualified. Does not meet the 2000 V minimum HBM ESD requirement. G.2. AT88RF1354 with IDR Hardware Revision Register: $11 No errata. 13.56 MHz Type B RF Reader 8547A−RFID−10/08...
- Page 49 13.56 MHz Type B RF Reader Revision History Table 6. Revision History Doc. Rev. Date Comments 8547A 10/2008 Initial document release. 8547A−RFID−10/08...
- Page 50 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. Atmel makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time without notice. Atmel does not make any commitment to update the information contained herein.