1. Manuals
  2. Brands
  3. Mediatrix Manuals
  4. Sound Card
  5. Audiotrix 3D-XG
  6. User manual

Mediatrix Audiotrix 3D-XG User Manual

Professional sound studio
Hide thumbs
Table of Contents

Advertisement

Quick Links

Download this manual
Audiotrix 3D-XG
Professional Sound Studio
User's Guide

Advertisement

Table of Contents
loading
Need help?

Need help?

Do you have a question about the Audiotrix 3D-XG and is the answer not in the manual?

Questions and answers

Related Manuals for Mediatrix Audiotrix 3D-XG

Summary of Contents for Mediatrix Audiotrix 3D-XG

  • Page 1 Audiotrix 3D-XG Professional Sound Studio User’s Guide...
  • Page 2 The purchaser is responsible for returning the product to Mediatrix Peripherals Inc., and must provide a dated proof- of-purchase and/or have a registered warranty card for said product on file with Mediatrix Peripherals Inc.
  • Page 3 Mediatrix Peripherals Inc. will not be held responsible in any way whatsoever for damage resulting from improper installation, accident, misuse, or from service or modification of the product by anyone other than Mediatrix Peripherals Inc. or an authorized Audiotrix service center.
  • Page 4 Fax: (819) 829-5100 E-mail: techsupp@mediatrix.com Web: http://www.mediatrix.com Notice Mediatrix Peripherals Inc. reserves the right to make changes or improvements in the product described in this manual at any time and without notice. WARNING: Your Audiotrix 3D-XG sound board is packaged in a special plastic clamshell designed to protect it against static electricity.
  • Page 5 The user is hereby notified that changes or modifications not expressly approved by Mediatrix Peripherals Inc. could void the user’s rights under the limited warranty. The user may find it helpful to consult the booklet: “How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference...
  • Page 7 Mediatrix Peripherals Inc. 4229 Garlock Street Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1L 2C8 Copyright ©1997, Mediatrix Peripherals Inc. edition All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means — graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems —...
  • Page 8 Before reading this User’s Guide and returning your registration card, please note below the serial number of your Audiotrix 3D-XG card (which can be found on the back of the card), the version number of the Audiotrix 3D-XG software (which can be found in the Volume Label (e.g.

  • Page 9: Table Of Contents

    Chapter 2 Quick Start Audiotrix Applications ........15 Audiotrix Audio Player................15 Audiotrix Mixer ..................17 Audiotrix Recorder ..................20 Third Party Applications................24 Chapter 3 Description of the Audiotrix 3D-XG ........25 Functionality ....................25 Layout Of The Audiotrix 3D-XG ..............27 Chapter 4 Mixer & Audio Controls ............31 Audiotrix 3D-XG Mixer ................31 Using The Audiotrix 3D-XG Mixer ............31...
  • Page 10 Appendix C Audiotrix 3D-XG Effects ............67 Appendix D MIDI Implementation Chart..........71 Appendix E Software License Agreement ..........73...

  • Page 11: Introduction

    Introduction The Audiotrix 3D-XG is a full-featured, professional quality sound card for the computer musician featuring high quality 16-bit full-duplex digital audio and Yamaha XG wavetable synthesis with expanded, independent DSP effects including Yamaha’s proprietary YMersion 3D sound. XG Wavetable Synthesis...
  • Page 12 Introduction Digital Audio 16-bit stereo 48 KHz playback and record Sigma-Delta stereo codec Full-duplex operation S/N 87dB Expanded Controls Bass control Treble control YMersion 3D control External volume/Mute control Cross Platform Support Windows 3.1x Windows 95, Windows 95 OSR2 Windows NT 3.5x, 4.0, 5.0 OS/2 Warp Unix (Open Sound System)

  • Page 13: Chapter 1 Installing The Audiotrix 3D-Xg

    Installing the Audiotrix 3D-XG This installation procedure is intended as a basic guide for the installation of the Audiotrix 3D-XG sound board and related software under Windows 95. For more detailed instructions with respect to the various operating systems supported, please refer to the README file included on the CD in the subdirectory of the specific operating system.
  • Page 14 See “Description of the Audiotrix 3D-XG: Layout of the Audiotrix 3D-XG”. 2. Plug the Audiotrix 3D-XG card into the computer in a free slot as far as possible from the video adapter card. Certain cards, such as video adapters, produce high- frequency signals that can interfere with the sound quality of the sound card.
  • Page 15 Use the amplified speaker output for unamplified speakers such as those supplied for setup purposes in the box with the Audiotrix 3D-XG. Use the unamplified line output for amplified speakers or for the input of a stereo system.

  • Page 16: Installing The Software

    Installing Audiotrix 3D-XG Applications and other software. Installing the Drivers Once you have finished installing the Audiotrix 3D-XG, you should reboot your computer. When the computer reboots after the installation of the Audiotrix 3D-XG, Windows 95 will indicate “New Hardware Found” and ask which driver should be installed for the new hardware.
  • Page 17 Windows will continue with the installation of the Joystick drivers. When the procedure has been completed, you will be asked to insert the Audiotrix 3D-XG Software CD into your CD-ROM drive to proceed with the remainder of the installation.
  • Page 18 Chapter 1 Installing the Audiotrix 3D-XG computer if you want to play games in a DOS environment upon reboot. A program called INIT3DXG.EXE has been furnished for this purpose. This file is copied into the \AT3DXG subdirectory during the installation process and can be run at anytime (in DOS) to view and modify the configuration of the hardware resources.
  • Page 19 In addition, digital effects can also be applied in a DOS environment by configuring the appropriate effects using the Effects screen in the Preferences pull-down menu. This is particularly useful in playing games in a DOS environment where you would like to add digital effects to all of the Sound Blaster digital audio.

  • Page 20: Installing The Third Party Applications

    Chapter 1 Installing the Audiotrix 3D-XG Once the Audiotrix 3D-XG software has been installed, you should reboot your computer one more time. When the Desktop appears, open the Audiotrix 3D-XG folder. Double-click on the README icon to learn about the latest information that couldn’t be included in this guide.

  • Page 21: Installation Checklist

    Installation Checklist Once the Audiotrix 3D-XG sound board has been installed in your computer and you have completed the installation procedures for all of the Setup Utilities (and/or other applications) proceed in the following manner to determine if the Audiotrix 3D-XG is functioning correctly: Open the Audiotrix Audio Player.
  • Page 22 OPL3SA Recording 5. Verify that the MultiMID device is selected in the Audiotrix 3D-XG Mixer: Open the mixer by clicking on the Audiotrix 3D-XG Mixer icon (staff with notes) in the System Tray Click on the Options menu Click on Preferences Make sure that “Multi-OPL3-SA MPU MIDI OUT”...
  • Page 23 6. Verify that the volume levels in the Output Mixer are correct: Volume Control – Max CD Audio – Max Wave – Max Line – Muted Microphone – Max...
  • Page 24 Chapter 1 Installing the Audiotrix 3D-XG...

  • Page 25: Chapter 2 Quick Start Audiotrix Applications

    Audiotrix Applications Audiotrix Audio Player Playing a single MIDI file The Audiotrix 3D-XG and its Audio Player can play standard MIDI files and the new XG MIDI technology format files from Yamaha. The MIDI files included with the Audiotrix 3D-XG sound card are all XG MIDI files, providing an enhanced and realistic sound.
  • Page 26 Chapter 2 Quick Start Audiotrix Applications 3. You should now hear the MIDI file playing. Playing a single audio file The Audiotrix Audio Player can play any standard audio files. You can play standard Windows Wave files, MOD and all standard module files, and even CD Audio files.

  • Page 27: Audiotrix Mixer

    Audiotrix Mixer Applying Digital Effects to your voice using a microphone The Audiotrix 3D-XG comes with its own DSP (Digital Signal Processor) built in. This means that no CPU usage is required to create digital effects as opposed to software solutions.
  • Page 28 Chapter 2 Quick Start Audiotrix Applications 1. Make sure that you have a microphone plugged in the microphone plug of the Audiotrix 3D-XG sound card and that this microphone is ON 2. Make sure that the microphone input volume is not muted...
  • Page 29 Applying Digital Effects to Wave files With the Audiotrix 3D-XG, you can also apply digital effects to any wave-type audio files (Wave, MOD, CD Audio), you are not limited to your microphone input. Note that the...

  • Page 30: Audiotrix Recorder

    Chapter 2 Quick Start Audiotrix Applications 1. Start the Audio Player and the Mixer, as shown in the previous sections, 2. Open a Wave file (ex: intro.wav in the Media folder) in the Audio Player, 3. While the wave file is playing, modify the Digital Effects setting in the Mixer in the same manner done to add effects to your voice using a microphone.
  • Page 31 2. Make sure that you have selected the Microphone input in the Windows OPL3-SA Recording Control dialog: Start the Volume Control by using the start menu or by double clicking on the Volume Control icon in the System Tray (as shown previously) Click on Options Click on Properties Select Recording in the “Adjust volume for”...
  • Page 32 3. Start the Audiotrix Recorder: Click on the Start menu of the Task Bar Click on Programs Click on Audiotrix 3D-XG Click on Audiotrix Recorder 4. Create a new wave file: 5. Click on the Recorder’s File menu 6.
  • Page 33 Making a full duplex recording with the Audiotrix Recorder and Audio Player The Audiotrix 3D-XG allows you to make full duplex recordings. A full duplex recording means that you can play a digital sound file (Wave or MOD) while recording. It’s like having your own professional recording studio! 1.

  • Page 34: Third Party Applications

    2. Make sure that the third party application has been configured for use with the Audiotrix 3D-XG. 3. To run the third party application, click on the icon which will have been set up for that purpose.

  • Page 35: Chapter 3 Description Of The Audiotrix 3D-Xg

    Chapter 3 Description of the Audiotrix 3D-XG Functionality Your Audiotrix 3D-XG is a multifunction card with digital recording, playback of digitized and synthesized sounds, analog audio mixing, MIDI recording and playback, and a standard IBM game port. Digital Recording With the Audiotrix 3D-XG, you can record from:...
  • Page 36 Chapter 3 Description of the Audiotrix 3D-XG Analog Audio Mixing The sound capabilities of the Audiotrix 3D-XG also feature: Audio mixing: The internal OPL3-SA analog mixer of the Audiotrix 3D-XG controls the volume of various audio sources. This control is done through...

  • Page 37: Layout Of The Audiotrix 3D-Xg

    Layout of the Audiotrix 3D-XG = factory jumper settings External Connectors P8. Amplified Speaker Out P10. Unamplified Line-Out P12. Analog Line-In P14. Microphone In P16. MIDI/Joystick interface Internal Connectors P1. External volume control P2. Panasonic CD audio P3. Mitsumi CD audio...
  • Page 38 Chapter 3 Description of the Audiotrix 3D-XG P4. MPC Level 2 CD audio P5. DB60XG connector P6. PC speaker out P7. Speaker out P9. Line out P11. Line in P13. Microphone in P15. PC speaker in P17. MIDI Jumpers DO NOT CHANGE THE DEFAULT JUMPER SETTINGS FOR NORMAL USE.
  • Page 39 4 – 6 =>Output of XG to Line out and amplified out 5 – 7 =>OPL3 output to input of XG B. XG module independent of OPL3 3 – 5 => Line in to input of XG 4 – 6 => Output of XG module to line out and amplified out C.
  • Page 40 Chapter 3 Description of the Audiotrix 3D-XG...

  • Page 41: Chapter 4 Mixer & Audio Controls

    Chapter 4 Mixer & Audio Controls Audiotrix 3D-XG Mixer The Audiotrix 3D-XG Mixer is an application to control and enhance your listening experience. With the Audiotrix 3D-XG Mixer you can adjust the Master Volume level of all output, the MIDI Volume level, as well as the Volume Level of all other output including Mic, Wave, Line-In and CD Audio.
  • Page 42 Volume and the Refresh controls. Master Volume The Master Volume controls the general output sound level of the Audiotrix 3D-XG sound card. To adjust the volume level, use the slider control, the edit box or the up & down arrows. Refresh The Refresh is used to periodically “refresh”...
  • Page 43 On the MIDI Control Panel there are controls for the overall MIDI volume, and send levels for Reverb and Chorus. The MIDI Control Panel can be collapsed or expanded by clicking on the MIDI button at the bottom of the Mixer. MIDI Volume The MIDI Volume slider controls the absolute volume level of all 16 MIDI channels.
  • Page 44 (Wet) signal, providing that the Reverb, Chorus or Variation levels are greater than 0. Reverb, Chorus and Variation Effects The Audiotrix 3D-XG is equipped with 3 powerful DSPs that allow the choice of Reverb, Chorus and/or Variation effects. These effects can be selected using the drop-down boxes and...
  • Page 45 Variation effects or with any GM or GS file so that you can sing along with the music and put effects on your voice. Default The Default button is used to bring back the Audiotrix 3D-XG Mixer to the settings shown in the DEFAULT.MIX preset file.
  • Page 46 Chapter 4 Mixer & Audio Controls Reset The Reset button is used to reset the Audiotrix 3D-XG Mixer to the current Digital Effects settings that are displayed on the screen. This feature is useful in instances where the Digital Effects have not been “Locked ON” and a MIDI file has been played, which has muted all of the audio devices.

  • Page 47: Audiotrix 3D-Xg Audio Controls

    Audiotrix 3D-XG Audio Controls OPL3-SA Output Controls Windows offers the possibility of controlling the various incoming and outgoing audio. The following section describes these controls so that they may be used more effectively with the Audiotrix 3D-XG.
  • Page 48 Chapter 4 Mixer & Audio Controls Default View (using line out) If you are using the amplified speaker output, put these sliders at 50% Windows Volume Control The Windows Volume Control dialog box is used to control the overall sound output level in Playback mode. The following individual panels are available: Volume Control This is the master volume for all audio that is not MIDI.
  • Page 49 This is the PC speaker output volume control. In order to redirect the PC speaker output to the Audiotrix 3D-XG, the PC speaker output from the motherboard should be connected to the PC speaker input of the Audiotrix 3D-XG. This control should be muted if not required. Microphone This is the microphone output volume.
  • Page 50 Chapter 4 Mixer & Audio Controls Out as your default MIDI device in the Multimedia section of the Control Panel. This control should be muted if not required. Advanced Controls This is the 3D Enhanced output volume control. In order to use this feature, the 3D Enhanced check box should be checked in the Advanced properties of the Volume Control dialog box.
  • Page 51 This screen also allows for an additional +20dB gain for the microphone. THIS IS NOT RECOMMENDED. The ordinary gain on the microphone has been maximized for the Audiotrix 3D-XG. An additional 20dB gain generally will distort the Mic signal. NOTE: If all panels are not displayed, select Properties from the Options menu and ensure that all the volume controls panels are selected to appear.
  • Page 52 When recording, keep the Recording Input levels very low to avoid distortion during the recording. The output levels are always kept high in the Output Volume Control as well as in the Audiotrix 3D-XG Mixer to supply the maximum signal for recording.
  • Page 53 Line This is the line input volume control. This control is used to select the overall output of the Audiotrix 3D-XG as the recording source and control the amount of input signal that is recorded. When selected, the Line source is recorded Wet (with effects).
  • Page 54 Chapter 4 Mixer & Audio Controls NOTE: In order to record audio (other than MIDI) with applied digital effects, select the Line input control as the recording source. All other controls will record the input audio without any digital effects, even if the digital effects can be heard during recording.

  • Page 55: Chapter 5 Playback Utilities

    CD Audio files can be played using the Audio Player. The Audio Player also allows you to create, save and retrieve playlists. Using the Audiotrix 3D-XG Audio Player Playback control buttons The Audiotrix Audio Player offers standard control buttons as...
  • Page 56 Chapter 5 Playback Utilities Play The play button starts playing the currently displayed audio file. Pause The pause button pauses the currently playing audio file. Just press pause or play to resume playback. Stop The stop button stops the playback. Previous The previous button skips to the previous audio file in the playlist.
  • Page 57 Playback window The playback window shows necessary information about the currently displayed audio file and the playlist. Some of the window elements can be clicked on to modify options. Audio file title display The top of the Playback window shows the title of the current audio file.
  • Page 58 Chapter 5 Playback Utilities use Introscan, you can click on the Introscan string in the playback window or by using the Intro button. General control buttons Setup Brings up the setup dialog where you can configure the player. General tab: Mixer Path: Path to the program called when you press the Mixer button.
  • Page 59 Modules tab: This section applies only to MOD-type files. Preferred Device: Allows you to select between Wave Mapper (default) or custom setting for the Sampling section. Sampling: Allows you to change the sample rate, size and type. Mode The Mode button toggles the player between Shuffle and non- shuffle mode.
  • Page 60 Chapter 5 Playback Utilities Time The time button toggles the displayed time between the elapsed time of the current Audio file, the total time remaining in the audio file or the total time remaining in the whole playlist. To be able to have the last option, you have to enable the Total Time check box in the General section of the Setup dialog.
  • Page 61 Save As: Save the current playlist on another file name. Exit: Quit the Audio Player. Edit Edit Playlist: Edit the current playlist. Device List the currently available devices. If one is clicked on, the Playlist dialog is opened and the default extension for the selected device is chosen.
  • Page 62 Chapter 5 Playback Utilities Information: Same as pressing the Info button. Options Setup: Same as pressing the Setup button. Redo Associations: This option makes the Audiotrix Audio Player the default player for the files it supports. So, when you double click on a supported audio file, Windows will automatically call the Audiotrix Audio Player Continuous: Sequentially play the audio files in the playlist.

  • Page 63: Chapter 6 Recording Utilities

    The Audiotrix Recorder permits the recording of digital audio in mono or stereo, with sound quality ranging from telephone quality to CD quality. The Audiotrix 3D-XG sound card also allows recording in full duplex, meaning that a digital sound file (Wave or MOD) can be played at the same time as another digital sound file is being recording.
  • Page 64 Chapter 6 Recording Utilities Recorder does not limit the recording time of a file. The recording time is governed only by the amount of free space on your hard drive. Rewind The rewind button brings the cursor back to the beginning of the Wave file.
  • Page 65 Menu File New: Creates a new Wave file. This menu brings up the Select Compression dialog. Open: Opens a Wave file. Properties: Displays Wave file information. Exit: Quits the Recorder. Select Compression Dialog The Select Compression dialog appears when a new Wave file is created.
  • Page 66 Chapter 6 Recording Utilities Format The Format list box offers the choice between several file compression types. Attributes The Attributes list box allows the choice of the sampling rate and other characteristics of the Wave file.

  • Page 67: Appendix A Troubleshooting

    Appendix A Troubleshooting Usual Problems Installation Problems Q: After installing the Audiotrix 3D-XG, I play a .MID file with the Audiotrix Audio Player but I hear FM sound, not wavetable. A: Check the Settings/Control Panel/Multimedia/MIDI tab to ensure that Single Instrument MIDI output is the “Multi-OPL3-SA MPU MIDI OUT”...
  • Page 68 3D-XG. INIT3DXG.EXE displays values of 0000 for all devices of the Audiotrix 3D-XG v1.0. A: The Audiotrix 3D-XG v1.0 EEPROM resource data file v1.0 identifies the sound card as an active device during the boot process. This ensures that the Plug’n’Play BIOS assigns proper resources to the card so that a “F8 BOOT in MS-DOS...
  • Page 69 Q: When I record a .WAV file using digital effects and then play it back, I seem to hear more effects than I recorded. A: Reset the Audiotrix 3D-XG Mixer to the Default position before playing the .WAV file because you are most probably adding effects upon playback of the “effected”...
  • Page 70 Appendix A Troubleshooting A: The MIDI file may set its own volume level during playback, which may not be reflected by the Audiotrix Mixer master volume level. There is two ways to force the volume to a particular level. You can either adjust the master volume slider manually each time the volume level changes or activate the Refresh feature by checking the Refresh check box in the Audiotrix Mixer.
  • Page 71 Click on Default in the Audiotrix 3D-XG Mixer. Finally, look in your computer to see if the Audiotrix 3D-XG is connected to your CD-ROM drive. The sound output from your CD-ROM drive (refer to your owner’s guide) should be plugged to the CD-ROM input...
  • Page 72 Plug’n’Play device that is fully compliant with the Microsoft Windows Sound System v1.02 hardware device specification. Thus Mediatrix made a decision to only support the use of the Sound Blaster Pro playback interface of the YMF715 chip from Yamaha. Consequently, we do not recommend the use of Windows Sound System playback in DOS games.

  • Page 73: Appendix B Technical Specifications

    Line In | XG A/D Part dedicated Line In (Hardware Selectable) Unamplified Line Out | Dedicated MIDI Line out (Hardware Selectable) Amplified Speaker Out (Headphone Compatible) Joystick / MIDI Cable interface (requires Sound Blaster compatible cable with built-in opto-isolator, included with Audiotrix 3D-XG)
  • Page 74 Appendix B Technical Specifications Type of PCB 4 Layer PCB for maximum S/N ratio. Digital Audio Specifications Sound Generation 16-bit Sigma Delta CODEC architecture capable of simultaneous stereo recording and playback at a sampling rate of up to 48 KHz. Acoustical Specifications XG and XG A/D Part 18-bit DAC (>100 dB S/N) A/D Part Frequency Response (>85 dB)
  • Page 75 4 Megabytes Number of Voices Total: 676 voices, 21 drum kits XG: 480 voices, 11 drum Kits, compatible with General MIDI Level 1 and TG300B: 579 Melodic voices, 10 drum kits DSP Effects Processing 3 independent digital signal processors (DSPs) Audio Outputs affected by the Effects Channelized effects (effects independently assignable on all 16 MIDI channels and on the main output of the OPL3-SA3 16-bit CODEC)
  • Page 76 Appendix B Technical Specifications AdLib Sound Blaster (Mono), Sound Blaster Pro (Stereo) Windows Sound System, CS4231, AD1848 Roland MPU-401 Microsoft Windows Microsoft PC97 compliant Audio Adapter Cross Platform Support Windows 3.1x Windows 95 Windows NT 3.51x Windows NT 4.0 Microsoft DirectX1,2,3 DirectSound and Direct3Dsound OS/2 Warp Open Sound System for UNIX...
  • Page 77 Appendix C Audiotrix 3D-XG Effects Effect Type List Reverb Exclusive MSB LSB Effect Type Description 00 NO EFFECT Effect turned off. 00 HALL1 Reverb simulating the resonance of a hall. 01 HALL2 Reverb simulating the resonance of a hall. 00 ROOM1 Reverb simulating the resonance of a room.
  • Page 78 Appendix C Audiotrix 3D-XG Effects Chorus Exclusive MSB LSB Effect Type Description 00 NO EFFECT Effect turned off. 00 CHORUS1 Conventional chorus program that adds natural spaciousness. 01 CHORUS2 Conventional chorus program that adds natural spaciousness. 02 CHORUS3 Conventional chorus program that adds natural spaciousness.
  • Page 79 Variation Exclusive MSB LSB Effect Type Description 00 NO EFFECT Effect turned off. 00 HALL1 Reverb simulating the resonance of a hall. 01 HALL2 Reverb simulating the resonance of a hall. 00 ROOM1 Reverb simulating the resonance of a room. 01 ROOM2 Reverb simulating the resonance of a room.
  • Page 80 Appendix C Audiotrix 3D-XG Effects 08 CELESTE4 Celeste with stereo input. 00 FLANGER1 Adds a jet-airplane effect to the sound. 01 FLANGER2 Adds a jet-airplane effect to the sound. 08 FLANGER3 Adds a jet-airplane effect to the sound. 00 SYMPHONIC A multi-phase version of CELESTE.
  • Page 81 Appendix D MIDI Implementation Chart Model: Audiotrix 3D-XG Date: June 2, 1997 Version: 1.0 Function… Transmitted Recognized Remarks Basic Default 1 – 16 Channel Changed 1 – 16 Default Mode Messages 3,4(m=1) *2 Altered ********** Note 0 – 127 Number: True voice ********** 0 –...
  • Page 83 MEDIATRIX LICENSE AGREEMENT 1. GRANT OF RIGHTS. This Audiotrix 3D-XG Software is licensed, not sold, to you by Mediatrix Peripherals, Inc., or its licensed marketing agents, and is protected by Canadian copyright and intellectual property laws, and the laws of other countries under international treaty.
  • Page 84 INFORMATION, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR OTHER INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF YOUR USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE, EVEN IF MEDIATRIX OR ITS LICENSED MARKETING AGENTS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. Some jurisdictions do not allow...

Table of Contents