ST Group SPIDER ST 301 User Manual
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ST Group SPIDER ST 301 User Manual

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ST 301 "SPIDER"
WIRELINE ANALYZER
USER MANUAL
ST Group, Ltd.
St. Petersburg, Russia
+7 (812) 412-3321, + 7 (812) 412 -4051
info @sm ersh.pr o
www. spymarket.com

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Summary of Contents for ST Group SPIDER ST 301

  • Page 1 ST 301 "SPIDER" WIRELINE ANALYZER USER MANUAL ST Group, Ltd. St. Petersburg, Russia +7 (812) 412-3321, + 7 (812) 412 -4051 info @sm ersh.pr o www. spymarket.com...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    Contents CONTENTS General Information……..……………………………………..………………………………………………… Purpose and Capabilities………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………… The KIT………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Description of Components…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Power supply…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Specifications…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Connecting to the Cables……………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………. Connecting to the Power Mains……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Connecting to the LAN Cable….………………………………………………………………………………………………………….… Connecting to the Telephone Cable….…………………………………………………………………………………………………… Connecting to the Low-Current Multi-Wire Cable, which is Not Equipped with Connector…….……….… Connecting to the Shield of Low-Current Cable…………………….…………..……………………………………...
  • Page 3 Contents NON-LINEAR JUNCTION DETECTOR (NLJD)………………………………………………………………. 5.3.1 General Information………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5.3.2 NJLD Main Menu……………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5.3.3 Probing Signal Level Setting……….………………………………………………………………………………………………………… REFLECTOMETER (REF)………………………………………………………………….……………………….. 5.4.1 REF Main Menu…………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5.4.2 Shortening Factor Setting ………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5.4.3 AUTOMATED Mode……………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………. 5.4.4 MANUAL Mode………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Types of the Wire Eavesdropping Devices……………………………………………………………………………………. Wire Dynamic and Electret Microphones……………………………………………………………………………………………….
  • Page 4 Contents LFA…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……....WR….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..... NLJD ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. REF……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………. Information on Cables………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10.1 " " Twisted Pair Type Cable……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……. 10.2 RJ Connectors ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………… 10.3 Wiring of a Cable Consisting of Four Twisted Pairs of Wires……………………………………………….………………. 10.4 Crossover Cable Wiring Scheme ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10.5 Wiring of a Cable Consisting of Three, Two and One Pair of Wires….…………………………………………………. 10.6 Telephone Cable……………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

  • Page 5: General Information

    GENERAL INFORMATION 1. GENERAL INFORMATION The user manual describes the principle of operation of the ST 301 "SPIDER" wireline analyzer (hereinafter "Analyzer" or "ST 301"). The document contains hyperlinks that allow you to go to the text fragments of interest. 1.1.

  • Page 6: The Kit

    GENERAL INFORMATION 1.2. THE KIT Main unit..…………………………………………………………………………………………………. Charger of the main unit…………………………………………………………………………. Flash card ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Mini-USB patch cord………………………………………………………………………………... Television splitter…………………………………………………………………………………….. Headphones………………………………………………………………………………………………. Adapter for testing of the power mains…...……………………………………………. TV(m)/F(m) adapter………………………………………………………………………………... TV(f)/F(m) adapter…………………………………………………………………………………… TV(f)/TV(f) adapter…………….……………………………………………………………………. RJ11 (1/2) splitter ……………………………………………………………………………….…. RJ45 (1/2) splitter …...…………………………………………………………………………….. RJ11 socket ………………………………………………………………………………………………...
  • Page 7 GENERAL INFORMATION Fig.1 For transportation and storage of the ST 301 the shockproof, waterproof plastic case is used.

  • Page 8: Description Of Components

    GENERAL INFORMATION Numbers indicate the elements of the kit, laid in a certain place of the lodgment. The designations correspond to the numbering presented in item 1.2.1. 1.3. DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS 1.3.1. THE MAIN UNIT WITH THE ELECTRONIC SWITCH Purpose of the main unit: ...
  • Page 9 GENERAL INFORMATION Fig.2 Designation Designation in Fig.2 on main unit Power tumbler / volume control PHONES Slot for connection of headphones SHIELD Slot for connection of the shield of the tested cable INPUT Input connector of the Electronic Switch Analyzer monitor Keyboard F1-F4 "Hot"...
  • Page 10 GENERAL INFORMATION Designation Designation in Fig.2 on main unit Action canceling button (return on "one step") FUNC Button for turn on of various modes ENTER Button for confirm action MODE Button to call the mode selection menu Accumulator charge indicator Slot for connection of the charger Mini-USB connector for connection to the PC Information plate with the serial number...
  • Page 11 GENERAL INFORMATION 1.3.6. PATCH CORD WITH A NEEDLE FOR CONNECTING TO THE CABLE SHIELD The patch cord with a needle (Fig.1, item 22) is used when testing multi-wire shielded cables, the screen of which is not connected to the connector. It connects to the "SHIELD" connector of the main unit.

  • Page 12: Power Supply

    GENERAL INFORMATION 1.4. POWER SUPPLY The operation of the Analyzer is allowed only from the built-in accumulator. A fully charged accumulator provides the Analyzer operation for 3 hours. The accumulator charge level is shown in the Information line (Fig.22, item 3) on the screen.

  • Page 13: Specifications

    GENERAL INFORMATION 1.5. SPECIFICATIONS LOW FREQUENCY AMPLIFIER (LFA) Frequency range, Hz 20 - 25000 Input resistance, kOhm Adjustment range of gain, dB 0 - 60 The maximum signal amplitude on an input, V Spectral density of noise voltage, nV/Hz 0, ±5, ±10, Bias voltage values, V ±15, ±20, ±26 Oscillogram...

  • Page 14: Connecting To The Cables

    CONNECTING TO WIRE LINES 2. CONNECTING TO THE CABLES 2.1. CONNECTING TO THE POWER MAINS The Analyzer connected to the power mains using an adapter (Fig.1, item 7). The scheme of connection is shown in Fig.3. Fig.3 The adapter (in the plug) is connected to the socket of the tested cable, other end of the cable is connected to the slot of "INPUT"...

  • Page 15: Connecting To The Telephone Cable

    CONNECTING TO WIRE LINES 2.2.2. CONNECTING TO LAN CABLES EQUIPPED WITH RJ45 SOCKETS When testing LAN cables, without the need for parallel connection of terminal devices, connection of the main unit to the PC socket is made by means of a patch cord (Fig.1, item 20).

  • Page 16: Connecting To The Low-Current Multi-Wire Cable, Which Is Not Equipped With Connector

    CONNECTING TO WIRE LINES 2.3.2. CONNECTING TO THE TELEPHONE CABLE EQUIPPED WITH THE RJ11 SOCKET When testing a telephone cable (without the need for parallel connection of terminal equipment), the main unit is connected to the RJ11 socket using a patch cord (Fig.1, item 21).
  • Page 17 CONNECTING TO WIRE LINES In addition, the shielded cable under test may not be equipped with an socket or plug. In this case, connecting the main unit with a shielded patch cord will not provide the cable shield contact with the grounding contact ST 301. For connection of the shield it is necessary to use a patch cord with a probe needle (Fig.1, item equipped with a probe needle.

  • Page 18: Connecting To The Tv Set And To The Television Cable

    CONNECTING TO WIRE LINES 2.6. CONNECTING TO THE TV SET AND TO THE TELEVISION CABLE Television systems use coaxial cables equipped with plug-in connections of two main types (F- type and TV-type). Each of them can be a pin (designated by "male" or "m") or a socket (designated by "female"...
  • Page 19 CONNECTING TO WIRE LINES Fig.14 When ST 301 is connected in parallel to the TV cable, are used:  RJ45/TV(m) patch cord (Fig.1, item 19)  TV splitter (Fig.1, item 5)  TV(m)/TV(f) television cable (Fig.1, item 18)  F(m)/TV(m) adapter (Fig.1, item 8) ...
  • Page 20 CONNECTING TO WIRE LINES The scheme of connection is shown in Fig.17. Fig.17 If the TV set or other terminal unit has the antenna input equipped with the F-type connector, then for parallel connection are used:  RJ45/TV(m) patch cord (Fig.1, item 19) ...
  • Page 21 CONNECTING TO WIRE LINES The scheme of connection is shown in Fig.19. Fig.19...

  • Page 22: Interface Settings

    INTERFACE SETTINGS 3. INTERFACE SETTINGS 3.1. TURNING ON/OFF The Analyzer is turned on/off using the tumbler (Fig.2, item Screen view is shown in Fig.20. Fig.20 On the screen: company logo, device name (ST 301) and firmware version. It is necessary to press any button on the keyboard for continue.

  • Page 23: Settings (Service Mode)

    INTERFACE SETTINGS In Fig.22: device (such as WR) is on power mains test mode indicator connected wire pair indicator accumulator charge level indicator current time in a format "HH:MM" 3.4. SETTINGS (SERVICE MODE ) This mode is design to set the date, time and interface language (Russian or English). To activate the mode, use the buttons or in the main menu to set the tabular cursor to the item "SETTINGS"...

  • Page 24: Time Setting

    INTERFACE SETTINGS 3.4.2. TIME SETTING Use the buttons to set the cursor to the "TIME" menu item and press "ENTER". The time setting menu (Fig.25) in the "HH:MM" format will appear on the screen. Fig.25 The time setting is carried out by analogy with the date setting (item 3.4.1). 3.4.3.

  • Page 25: Electronic Switch Settings

    ELECTRONIC SWITCH SETTING 4. ELECTRONIC SWITCH SETTINGS Before testing a multi-wire cable, it is necessary to determine its type. Press "FUNC" for cable type selecting:  "twisted pair" type cable (one, two, three or four pairs of wires);  multi-wire cable (the maximum quantity of wires in the cable - eight). The set parameters of a cable remain invariable for all modes (regardless of in what mode they were set) before the following correction or turning off the Analyzer.
  • Page 26 ELECTRONIC SWITCH SETTING The cable settings menu of the "non-twisted pair" type is shown in Fig.27 Fig.27 In Fig.27: "twisted pair" type cable setting indicator "non-twisted pair" type (any type) cable setting indicator indicator of connection of the cable shield indicator of the input contacts in the Switch socket (RJ45) - the used contacts are displayed in red, the unused contacts in black the cursor showing what position it is available to adjustment...

  • Page 27: Standard Settings

    ELECTRONIC SWITCH SETTING 4.1. STANDARD SETTINGS Settings for the unshielded 4-pair "twisted pair" type cable (with or without a connector). Fig.28 Settings for the shielded 4-pair "twisted pair" type cable (shield is connected to the connector). Fig.29 Settings for the unshielded 2-pair "twisted pair" type cable which not equipped with the connector. Fig.30...
  • Page 28 ELECTRONIC SWITCH SETTING Settings for the unshielded 1-pair "twisted pair" type cable which not equipped with the connector. Fig.31 Settings for the unshielded 6 wires "non-twisted" type cable, equipped with the RJ11 (6P6C) connector. Fig.32 Settings for the unshielded 4 wires "non-twisted" type cable, equipped with the RJ11 (6P4C) connector.
  • Page 29 ELECTRONIC SWITCH SETTING Settings for the unshielded 2 wires "non-twisted" type cable, equipped with the RJ11 (6P2C) connector. Fig.34 Settings for the unshielded 4 wires "non-twisted" type cable, which not equipped with the connector (connection to the first four contacts). Fig.35 Settings for a special television cable from the ST 301 kit (item 21,...

  • Page 30: Devices

    LOW-FREQUENCY AMPLIFIER 5. DEVICES 5.1. LOW-FREQUENCY AMPLIFIER (LFA) LFA is design to detect low-frequency signals of eavesdropping devices in low-current cables. Signal analysis is performing using graphical information (oscillogram or spectrogram) and acoustic information (via headphones or the built-in speaker). LFA is turn on in the Analyzer main menu (item 3.2).
  • Page 31 LOW-FREQUENCY AMPLIFIER Fig.37 In Fig.37: LFA is on the connected pair of wires accumulator charge indicator clock "hot" buttons tabular cursor gain value bias voltage value pair of wires measured DC voltage measured AC voltage scroll bar Controls: Button Action Tabular cursor move (the connected pair of wires) F1, ENTER Turning on OSCILLOSCOPE...

  • Page 32: Gain Setting

    LOW-FREQUENCY AMPLIFIER 5.1.2. GAIN SETTING 1. Press "F2". The field "Gain" will become lighter. 2. By means of the buttons to set gain value in dB (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60) which will be displayed on the indicator (Fig.37, item 7). 3.

  • Page 33: Spectrum Analyzer

    LOW-FREQUENCY AMPLIFIER Fig.38 In Fig.38: LFA is on OSCILLOSCOPE mode the connected pair of wires "hot" buttons value of dividing the time axis (microsecond or millisecond) measured value of signal amplitude vertical scaling of the oscillogram gain value bias voltage value After turning on the OSCILLOSCOPE, the previously set gain and bias voltage are used.
  • Page 34 LOW-FREQUENCY AMPLIFIER Fig.39 In Fig.39: LFA is on representation form (LINEAR SPECTRUM) marker frequency value marker "hot" buttons signal amplitude at a marker frequency gain value bias voltage value The spectrogram is not scaled and is presented in all range (0 - 25 kHz). SPECTRUM ANALYZER CONTROLS: Button Action...

  • Page 35: Wired Receiver (Wr)

    WIRED RECEIVER 5.2. WIRED RECEIVER (WR) WR is design to detect of signals of the eavesdropping devices transferring information on power and low-current cables in the frequency range of 0.1-180 MHz. Signal analysis is performing using graphical information (oscillogram or spectrogram) and acoustic information (via headphones or the built-in speaker).

  • Page 36: Frequency Range Selection

    WIRED RECEIVER 5.2.2. FREQUENCY RANGE SELECTION Signals are search in two ranges: 0.1 - 60 MHz or 0.1 - 180 MHz. By means of the buttons, select the one of menu item and press "ENTER". Fig.41 WR FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM (POWER MAINS TESTING) 5.2.3.
  • Page 37 WIRED RECEIVER Fig.42 In Fig.42: WR is on power mains test indicator the connected pair of wires (when testing the power mains: "1-2") the signal level on a marker frequency "hot buttons" frequency value on a marker position marker spectrum obtained during the last measurement cycle (green color) maximum signal level at this frequency for all cycles (claret color) indicator showing the position of the set viewing band relative to the maximum possible initial and final frequency value of the set viewing band...

  • Page 38: Differential Mode

    WIRED RECEIVER It is necessary to consider that at change of view pane earlier accumulated information about the maximum values of signals (a "claret" spectrum) is not saved. For the return scaling (increase in a scroll bar) the button is used. Reduction or increase the viewing band is carried out concerning the frequency of the screen marker.

  • Page 39: Signal Analysis At A Fixed Frequency

    WIRED RECEIVER In Fig.43: difference spectrum obtained during the last measurement cycle (lilac color) difference spectrum obtained in previous measurement cycles (claret color) indicator of DIFFERENTIAL mode turning on (light field of the "F3") Available actions:  signal analysis at a fixed frequency; ...

  • Page 40: Oscilloscope

    WIRED RECEIVER Fig.44 In Fig.44: the signal level at marker frequency spectrum obtained during the last measurement cycle (gray color) maximum signal level at that frequency for all cycles (claret color) "F2" button field (AM/FM demodulators switching) "F3" button field (OSCILLOSCOPE turning on) Available actions: ...

  • Page 41: Automated Mode

    WIRED RECEIVER Fig.45 In Fig.45: WR is on the value of dividing of the time axis OSCILLOSCOPE is on Available actions:  determination of the timing parameters of the demodulated signal;  listening of a signal on AM and FM; ...
  • Page 42 WIRED RECEIVER Fig.46 In Fig.46: - WR is on - quantity of the detected signals - "hot" buttons - the tabular cursor - numbers of the detected signals - frequency of the detected signals - the level of the detected signals - position of the cursor relative to the number of rows in the table - the signal level (on which the cursor is set) Available actions:...

  • Page 43: Signal Analysis At A Fixed Frequency (In Automated Mode)

    WIRED RECEIVER 5.2.8. SIGNAL ANALYSIS AT A FIXED FREQUENCY (IN AUTOMATED MODE) To enable the Analysis, it is necessary to set the tabular cursor on the row of the corresponding signal and press the “ENTER”. The font color in the row will change from white to green.

  • Page 44: Low-Current Cable Testing

    WIRED RECEIVER 5.2.9. LOW-CURRENT CABLES TESTING WR FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM (LOW-CURRENT CABLES TESTING) After selecting the cable type ("Low voltage") and the frequency range, a table will be displayed on the screen (Fig. 48), in which all combinations of pairs of cable wires are displayed. The maximum quantity of the tested wires is 9 (8 wires and the screen shield).

  • Page 45: Low-Current Cable Testing Features

    WIRED RECEIVER measured voltage values (DC) measured voltage values (AC) scroll bar (when all wires are tested relative to the cable shield) Available actions:  using the PANORAMA mode for the analysis of signals in the connected pair of wires; ...

  • Page 46: Non-Linear Junction Detector (Nljd)

    NON-LINEAR JUNCTION DETECTOR 5.3. NON-LINEAR JUNCTION DETECTOR (NLJD) NJLD FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM 5.3.1. GENERAL INFORMATION The NLJD is intended for detection of the eavesdropping devices (including turned off and/or faulty) connected to a cable. The operation principle of the NLJD of the Analyzer is similar with an operation principle of a usual NLJD.

  • Page 47: Njld Main Menu

    NON-LINEAR JUNCTION DETECTOR 5.3.2. NLJD MAIN MENU Fig.50 In Fig.50: - NLJD is on - the connected pair of wires - responses levels in the connected pair of wires - the tabular cursor - the value of the probing signal level (% of maximum) - pair of wires - responses levels - scroll bar (when all wires are tested relative to the cable shield)

  • Page 48: Probing Signal Level Setting

    NON-LINEAR JUNCTION DETECTOR 5.3.3. PROBING SIGNAL LEVEL SETTING It is necessary:  Press "F2". The indicator’s field (Fig.50, item 5) will become lighter;  By means of the buttons to set value of gain in % (20, 40, 60, 80, 100) which is displayed on the indicator (Fig.50, item 5);...

  • Page 49: Reflectometer (Ref)

    REFLECTOMETER 5.4. REFLECTOMETER (REF) REF FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM intended testing cables order detect abnormal connections (heterogeneities). A sinusoidal signal is emitted into the cable, which is reflected from the heterogeneity and returns with delay. The phase of the reflected signal is different from the phase of the emitted signal. Similar procedures are performed for multiple frequencies.
  • Page 50 REFLECTOMETER Fig.51 In Fig.51: REF is on the connected pair of wires "hot" buttons value of the Shortening Factor indicator showing continuation of the table if all wires and cable screen are tested (item 4) numbers of pairs of wires results of measurements (distances and levels of a response) two wires from the different twisted pairs ("non-linked pairs"), marked by white color two wires from the same twisted pair ("linked pairs"), marked by blue color...

  • Page 51: Shortening Factor Setting

    REFLECTOMETER 5.4.2. SHORTENING FACTOR SETTING For the correct operation of the REF, it is necessary to set a Shortening Factor (a characteristic showing how many times the phase or group wave velocity in the cable is less than the speed of light in vacuum).

  • Page 52: Manual Mode

    REFLECTOMETER After finishing the measurements, the response level (Fig.51, item 11) and the distance to the heterogeneity, the response from which has the highest level (Fig.51, item 10) are displayed in the cell. After that, the tabular cursor moves to the next row and the measurements are repeated for another pair of wires.
  • Page 53 REFLECTOMETER Fig.53 In Fig.53: REF is on the connected pair of wires "hot" buttons SET 1 table (in the drawing - the table is active) numbers of responses distances to heterogeneity response levels from heterogeneity SET 2 table (in the drawing - the table is passive) the set value of Shortening Factor Available actions: ...

  • Page 54: Recommendations For Use

    RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE 6. TYPES OF THE WIRE EAVESDROPPING DEVICES 6.1. WIRE DYNAMIC AND ELECTRET MICROPHONES Purpose: interception of the voice information in the room with the subsequent transfer via cables. Dynamic (electrodynamic) microphones are the most common type of microphones. They do not require power to operate.

  • Page 55: Audio Recorder Adapters

    RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE Installation site – a telephone cable. Method of connection to the cable - in parallel or to the break of the one of wires. Power supply – from the cable or an autonomous source. 6.4. AUDIO RECORDER ADAPTERS Purpose - interception of the voice information transferred on telephone cable with the subsequent record to the audio recorder.

  • Page 56: Basic Operations

    BASIC OPERATIONS 7. BASIC OPERATIONS The basic operation is the actions of the Analyzer operator to implement certain search functions designed to detect different types of eavesdropping devices. In each basic operation, one or more of the operating modes of ST 301, accessories from the kit, and other search devices are used.
  • Page 57 BASIC OPERATIONS Operations procedure 1. Connect the Analyzer to a telephone cable according to scheme in Fig.6 3B option. 2. Turn on PTS in the room. 3. Turn on LFA. 4. Set type of the tested cable ("non twisted", ## 3,4,5,6 wires) 5.

  • Page 58: Basic Operation #2. Detection Of Hf Signals In Power Mains And Low-Current Cables

    BASIC OPERATIONS Initial status The scheme of connection of the device - without change. Type of the connected cable and number of contacts - without changes. Operations procedure 1. Set gain of 0 dB in the LFA main menu. 2. Set bias voltage of +12 V. 3.

  • Page 59: Implementation Of Basic Operation #2. Power Mains (220 V/50 Hz) Testing

    BASIC OPERATIONS Additional equipment:  adapter for testing of the power mains (when testing power mains) (Fig.1, item  player of the test sound (PTS). Detection of HF signals in power mains and low-current cables is implemented in two modes: In the MANUAL mode information on loading of range is presented in the spectrogram form.
  • Page 60 BASIC OPERATIONS A spectrogram of the de-energized cable is displayed on the screen. When the power is off, eavesdroppers that are powered by the mains will not work. All detected signals can be considered "safe" (interference, signals from broadcasting radio stations, etc.). To exclude such signals during further testing, it is necessary to use the DIFFERENTIAL mode.

  • Page 61: Implementation Of Basic Operation #2. Analog Telephone Line Testing

    BASIC OPERATIONS After analyzing all the detected signals, it is necessary to check the changes in the difference spectrogram when connecting electricity consumers. To do this, first you need to get the difference spectrogram of the energized powered mains, and then connect all the devices in turn. Thus, it is possible to determine which of the consumers is the source of the "dangerous"...

  • Page 62: Features Of Testing Of The Hf Television Cables

    BASIC OPERATIONS 5. Select the cable type - "LOW-CURRENT LINE" ("Low Voltage" item in menu) 6. Select the frequency range (100 kHz - 60 MHz or 100 kHz - 180 MHz). 7. The Switch table will be displayed on the screen, in which all combinations of wire pairs are displayed (Fig.48).

  • Page 63: Basic Operation #3. Detection Of Nonlinearity In The Cable

    BASIC OPERATIONS The main features of the camcorder's transmission channel can be detected:  signals in the frequency range of the "reverse channel" (5 - 40 MHz);  the frequency of the detected signal does not match any of the broadcast television channels;...
  • Page 64 BASIC OPERATIONS 5. Press "FUNC", set cable type. In this case - an unshielded, "non twisted" type cable. Contacts ##3, 4, 5, 6 are involved (the 4-wire cable with connector 6P4C, Fig.33). 6. Press again "FUNC" and enter to NLJD main menu. The screen shown in Fig.54. Fig.54 The pairs of wires to be tested are highlighted in white.
  • Page 65 BASIC OPERATIONS Fig.56 Existence of indication on a "blue" scale means that in the tested pair it is detected by MOM- structure. Sometimes the response at the frequency of the third harmonic can be given by eavesdropping devices. In any case, if there are signals displayed on the "red" and "blue" scales (regardless of the ratio of their levels), further testing of the pair of wires on which the nonlinearity was detected is necessary.

  • Page 66: Basic Operation #4. Detection Of Heterogeneity In The Cable

    BASIC OPERATIONS Fig.58 In Fig.59 the result of testing of a telephone line at consecutive connection to one wire of the central pair is presented. Responses are detected on all pairs with wire #4. Level of the second harmonic exceeds the level of the third that speaks about connection of electronic device. Consistently connected telephone radio transmitter can be such device.

  • Page 67: Theoretical Aspects Of The Reflectometry

    BASIC OPERATIONS 7.4.1. THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE REFLECTOMETRY Main physical characteristics of the cable One of the characteristics of the cable is wave impedance (Z ), the resistance that an electromagnetic wave encounters when propagating along any homogeneous (that is, without reflection) guide system, including cable.
  • Page 68 BASIC OPERATIONS The wave impedance of all combinations of wires should also be the same. The wave impedance of most round cables is 300 - 700 Ohm. These cables are often used to transmit low-frequency signals (telephone lines, burglar and fire alarms, etc.). In multi-wire flat cable, the wires of the same length (matching the cable length) are arranged in a row.
  • Page 69 BASIC OPERATIONS REFERENCE STRUCTURES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CABLES 4-wire round cable Features of structure 1. Distances to heterogeneities with maximum response levels are the same. In a cable that has no defects, when the correct value of the Shortening Factor is set, they correspond to the length of the cable.
  • Page 70 BASIC OPERATIONS The cable consisting of four twisted pair Features of structure 1. Distances to heterogeneities with maximum response levels are different. This is due, firstly, to the different speed of signal propagation in "linked" and "non-linked" pairs, and secondly, with different lengths of wires (different twist pitch).
  • Page 71 BASIC OPERATIONS CHANGE OF STRUCTURES AS A RESULT OF EMERGENCE OF DIFFERENT DEFECTS Break of one of wires of the "twisted pair" type cable Cable without defects Cable with defects 1. The response levels in the "linked" pairs are not the same (in a pair of 1-2 this level is higher than in the other three "linked"...
  • Page 72 BASIC OPERATIONS CO NC L US IO N : the reference structure is broken. The probable cause of the structure violation is a defect in pair 1-2 (parallel connection or breakage of both wires of the pair at a distance of ≈20 meters from the beginning of the cable).
  • Page 73 BASIC OPERATIONS 1. Response levels in twisted pairs are not the same (in pair 7-8 this level is lower than in the other three "linked" pairs). 2. Distances to heterogeneities with maximum response levels in "non-linked" pairs are not the same.

  • Page 74: Testing Of The Multi-Wire Cable

    BASIC OPERATIONS 1. Response level in pair 4-5 is significantly higher, than on other pairs. 2. In pair 4-5, the distance to the heterogeneity is less than the cable length. CO NC L US IO N : the reference structure is broken. The probable cause of structural disruption is a defect in pair 4-5 (parallel connection at a distance of ≈10 m from the beginning of the cable).

  • Page 75: Procedure For Testing Of The Two-Wire Cable

    BASIC OPERATIONS 3. Without leaving the MANUAL mode, to connect the Analyzer to other end of a cable and to take measurements in the table SET 2. 4. Analyze results of two measurements. If the received values are identical, test is finished. 5.

  • Page 76: Procedure For Testing Of The Multi-Wire Cable

    BASIC OPERATIONS 3. Turn on REF. 4. Set cable type and the involved Switch contacts ("FUNC"). 5. Set the Shortening Factor ("F2"). 6. Set the tabular cursor to the row corresponding to the interesting pair of wire. 7. Turn on the MANUAL mode ("F1"). 8.

  • Page 77: Basic Operation #5. Localization Of The Detected Eavesdropping Devices

    BASIC OPERATIONS 7.5. BASIC OPERATION #5 LOCALIZATION OF THE DETECTED EAVESDROPPING DEVICES If during testing a transmission channel of the eavesdropping device is detected, it becomes necessary to localize it. In case of detection of uncoded transmission channel of the eavesdropping device it is possible to define the place of its installation by means of PTS.
  • Page 78 BASIC OPERATIONS ST 301 operator actions: 1. Disconnect all regular devices from the cable. 2. Connect the tested cable to the Analyzer. 3. Turn on the Analyzer. 4. Turn on LFA. 5. Connect pair on which the signal of the eavesdropping device was detected (LFA or PR) or connection to the cable is revealed (NL or REF).

  • Page 79: Software

    SOFTWARE 8. SOFTWARE 8.1. GENERAL INFORMATION 8.1.1. PURPOSE 1. Configuring the Electronic Switch. 2. Devices control. 3. Analysis of the results of testing in real time. 4. Saving in graphical and text format test results. 5. When using NLJD or REF, the saved results can be used for comparative analysis in subsequent test of the same cable.
  • Page 80 SOFTWARE 8.1.5. GRAPHIC INTERFACE Fig.61 In Fig.61: PC connection indicator buttons to turn on the devices or report mode or firmware updating mode button to add current information to the report button to delete current test results (creation a new report) button to turn on/off the Switch configuration mode button to turn on the AUTOMATED mode of the Switch accumulator charge level indicator...

  • Page 81: Lfa

    SOFTWARE Fig.62А Fig.62В On the left part of the window there is a menu for configuring the Switch when testing a "Twisted pair" type cable (Fig.62A), on the right part - "Non-twisted pair" type cable (Fig.62В). At the bottom of the window is a button for connecting (disconnecting) the cable shield to the switch.
  • Page 82 SOFTWARE In Fig.63: LFA is on OSCILLOSCOPE buttons for scaling the amplitude axis of the oscilloscope buttons for scaling the time axis of the oscilloscope buttons for gain setting buttons for bias voltage setting SPECTRUM ANALYZER Switch information tabular cursor (the connected pair of wires) 8.2.1.
  • Page 83 SOFTWARE To select a value, click on the corresponding field. The indicator displays the selected value 2. Use the (decrease value) and (increase value) buttons. 8.2.4. BIAS VOLTAGE SETTING The bias voltage is set in two methods: 1. Click on (Fig.63, item 6).
  • Page 84 SOFTWARE 8.2.6. MANUAL MODE Manual mode is used to analyze signals in a specific combination of wires. To connect it, click on the corresponding row of the Switch table (Fig. 61, item 10), which will be highlighted in blue. Capability when testing in manual mode: ...
  • Page 85 SOFTWARE Sample the file names: LFA. Oscillogram screenshot (PNG file): lfa_osc_4-5_120901.png lfa – LFA device; osc – oscillogram; 4-5 – the connected pair of wires; 120901 – file creation time (hour_min_sec). REF. Switch table data (MS Excel file): ref_sw_120901.xlsx ref – REF device; sw –...
  • Page 86 SOFTWARE It is recommended to begin a new session when testing the next cable (each cable under test has one session). 8.2.7.3. FILE OPERATIONS To view the saved files, click (Fig.67, item 1). Fig.67 In Fig.67: REPORT mode list of saved sessions current session analyzed session (previously saved) session analyzed session information...
  • Page 87 SOFTWARE It is possible to work with files in Windows Explorer. To do this, double-click on one of the sessions (Fig. 67, item 2) and go to the desired folder (Fig. 68). Fig.68 8.2.8. REPORT MODE (LFA) Fig.69...
  • Page 88 SOFTWARE When using LFA, it is possible to save (Fig.69): 1. Graphic information in the form of PNG ("Screen") files:  oscillogram screenshot (check box "OSC")  spectrogram screenshot (check box "SPEC")  Switch table screenshot (check box "Switch") 2. Switch table data as a MS Excel file (check box "Switch"). Sample the file names: 1.
  • Page 89 SOFTWARE 8.3. WR To turning on WR click PC screen shown in Fig.70. Fig.70 In Fig.70: WR is on SPECTRUM ANALYZER marker marker frequency value signal level indicator connected pair of wires buttons for frequency range setting buttons for cable type setting buttons for gain setting buttons for scanning step setting buttons for fixed frequency and marker control...
  • Page 90 SOFTWARE 8.3.1. CABLE TYPE SETTING WR is designed to test power mains and low current cables. After turning on, the type of cable to be checked is set by default: "Power mains" (Fig.70, item 8). A pair of contacts "1-2" is connected.
  • Page 91 SOFTWARE To select a value, click on the corresponding field. The indicator displays the selected value 2. Use the (decrease value) and (increase value) buttons. The scanning step determines the viewing range of the SPECTRUM ANALYZER:  scanning step 200 kHz - viewing range 60 MHz (maximum band); ...
  • Page 92 SOFTWARE SCALING THE TIME AXIS OF THE OSCILLOSCOPE There are two methods of scaling: 1. Click on (Fig.70, item 14). A list of values is displayed on the screen: To select a value, click on the corresponding field. The indicator displays the selected value 2.
  • Page 93 SOFTWARE Fig.71 In Fig.71: detected signal table tabular cursor signal level indicator (on which the tabular cursor is set) connected pair of wires total number of signals detected in this pair of wires number of signals detected only in this pair of wires Switch table row (connected pair of wires) type of cable AUTOMATED mode indicator...
  • Page 94 SOFTWARE TABLE OF DETECTED SIGNALS The table of detected signals (Fig. 71, item 1) displays: 1. number of detected signal, 2. the frequency of the detected signal, 3. detected signal level, 4. number of pairs of wires in which a signal is detected at this frequency. When testing power mains, this parameter is "1", since only one pair is tested.
  • Page 95 SOFTWARE This procedure reduces the scan time, since there is no need to check the already marked signals. To mark the signal, double-click the row of the table. The color of the inscription will change sequentially from white to green and then to red. Color marking is taken into account when creating the report in the table of detected signals (item 8.3.9).
  • Page 96 SOFTWARE Sample the file names: 1. Oscillogram screenshot (PNG file): wrx _osc_4-5_120901.png wrx – WR device; osc – oscillogram; 4-5 – the connected pair of wires; 120901 – file creation time (hour_min_sec). 2. Spectrogram screenshot (PNG file): wrx_spec_4-5_120901.png wrx – WR device; spec –...

  • Page 97: Nljd

    SOFTWARE Saved files are located in the "WRx" folder of the corresponding session. To view it, click on the "WRx data" tab (Fig.68). Operating with files is described in item 8.2.7.3. 8.4. NLJD To enable NLJD click PC screen shown in Fig.74. Fig.74 In Fig.74: calibration progress indicator...
  • Page 98 SOFTWARE table (Fig. 75, item 1) opposite the corresponding pair. Red indicates the level of the second harmonic, blue indicates the level of the third harmonic. After testing all wire combinations, the scan will end. 4. To view an enlarged image of the responses (Fig. 75, item 3 and item 4), set the tabular cursor (Fig.
  • Page 99 SOFTWARE The date and time of testing will be indicated in the properties of the created file. After entering the comment, click "Save". The file is saved according to the standard WIDOWS procedure with the location and file name. 8.4.3. COMPARISON MODE The mode is used during periodic testing of the same object to compare the results of the current test with the saved results.
  • Page 100 SOFTWARE The mismatch message is displayed below the indicator. (Fig.76, item 7). Fig. 76 shows the situation when the current levels of the second and third harmonics on the "4-5" pair significantly exceed the previously measured ones. This may be due to the appearance of nonlinearity when connecting an electronic device to the cable.
  • Page 101 SOFTWARE Fig.79 Sample the file names: 1. Screenshot of the level 2 and 3 harmonics indicator (PNG file): nljd_1-6_120901.png nljd – NLJD device; 1-6 – the connected pair of wires; 120901 – file creation time (hour_min_sec). 2. Switch table screenshot (PNG file): nljd_sw_120901.png nljd –...

  • Page 102: Ref

    SOFTWARE 8.5. REF To turn on REF click PC screen is shown in Fig.80. Fig.80 In Fig.80: REF is on result table "Set 1" control of saving and loading measurement results result table "Set 2" Switch table Shortening Factor setting single test on the connected pair reflectogram 8.5.1.
  • Page 103 SOFTWARE The screen will display a request: If confirmed ("Yes"), all previous results will be deleted. The indicator (Fig. 81, item 1) will display the new value of the Shortening Factor. Otherwise ("No") Shortening Factor and earlier measurement results will not change REF MODES: ...
  • Page 104 SOFTWARE At te nt i on !  If a voltage of more than 3V is present in it when testing a pair of wires, the signal supply to this pair is blocked. In the row of the table will indicate: >3V. ...
  • Page 105 SOFTWARE Two tables ("Set 1" and "Set 2") are displayed. It is possible to operate with only one (active) table. In the active table, data is displayed in white (Fig. 83, item 1). In an inactive table, data is displayed in gray (Fig. 83, item 3). To activate a table, click on it. 8.5.5.
  • Page 106 SOFTWARE A screen for entering comments will appear on the screen (cable identification data and the value of the Shortening Factor used with the test). The date and time of testing will be indicated in the properties of the created file. After entering the comment, click "Save".
  • Page 107 SOFTWARE Fig.85 Fig. 85 (as an example) compares the test results of a telephone cable. The tabular cursor (Fig.85, item 2) is set to the pair "3-6" (the pair number is highlighted in red), where the changes were detected. Analyzing the tables and reflectogram, it can be concluded that a new heterogeneity appears at a distance of 40 meters (about 3 meters from the end of the cable).
  • Page 108 SOFTWARE Message Explanations In the saved file, a voltage greater than 3V was recorded on this In the file - more than 3v. In pair. An unacceptable "noise" level was detected on this pair in the current data - the noise. the current measurement cycle.
  • Page 109 SOFTWARE Fig.87 Sample the file names: 1. Results of the last measurement on one pair (MS Excel file): refl_def_1-7_105826.xlsx refl – REF device; def – heterogeneity response table; 1-7 – the connected pair of wires; 105826 – file creation time (hour_min_sec). 2.
  • Page 110 SOFTWARE 4. Reflectogram screenshot (PNG file): refl_def_105826.png refl – REF device; def – heterogeneity response table; 105826 – file creation time (hour_min_sec). 5. Switch table data (MS Excel file): refl_sw_105047.png refl – REF device; sw – Switch; 121317 – file creation time (hour_min_sec). Saved files are located in the "REF"...
  • Page 111 SOFTWARE 2. Click on an inactive table (to activate it). 3. Set the cursor in the Switch table to another pair of wires. The activated measurement table displays the parameters of the detected responses on the second pair. Two reflectograms corresponding to the results of measurements on one and on the other pairs will be displayed on the screen.

  • Page 112: Reference Information

    REFERENCE INFORMATION REFERENCE INFORMATION 9. CONTROLS 9.1. INITIAL SETTINGS Button Action ANALYZER MAIN MENU Turning on LFA Turning on WR Turning on NLJD Turning on REF Tabular cursor move ENTER Action confirmation SETTINGS Tabular cursor move Action confirmation ENTER Go to Analyzer main menu SETTING THE DATE Choice of a position Correction of value...

  • Page 113: Lfa

    REFERENCE INFORMATION 9.2. LFA Button Action SWITCH TABLE Go to Analyzer main menu MODE FUNC Turning on SWITCH SETTING mode ENTER Turning on OSCILLOSCOPE Turning on GAIN SETTING Turning on BIAS VOLTAGE SETTING Turning on AUTOMATED mode Tabular cursor move GAIN SETTING Increase Reduce...
  • Page 114 REFERENCE INFORMATION 9.3. WR Button Action LOW-CURRENT CABLES TEST SWITCH TABLE Go to Analyzer main menu MODE FUNC Turning on SWITCH SETTING mode mode Turning on the PANORAMA ENTER Tabular cursor move PANORAMA mode / DIFFERENTIAL mode MODE Go to Analyzer main menu FUNC Turning on SWITCH SETTING mode ESC, F1...
  • Page 115 REFERENCE INFORMATION Button Action The AUTOMATED mode (the main table) MODE Go to Analyzer main menu Switching to PANORAMA mode Turning on SWITCH CONTROL mode Switching of AM/FM demodulators Turning on OSCILLOSCOPE Gain setting, turn on/off an attenuator Turning on SIGNAL ANALYSIS AT A FIXED ENTER FREQUENCY Tabular cursor move...
  • Page 116 REFERENCE INFORMATION Button Action PANORAMA mode, Signal Analysis at a Fixed Frequency MODE Go to Analyzer main menu Exit to the PANORAMA mode ENTER Switching of AM/FM demodulators Turning on OSCILLOSCOPE Gain setting, turning on/off an attenuator Marker move (frequency setting)) OSCILLOSCOPE.

  • Page 117: Nljd

    REFERENCE INFORMATION 9.4. NLJD Button Action NLJD main menu MODE Go to Analyzer main menu FUNC Turning on SWITCH SETTING mode Turning on PROBING SIGNAL LEVEL ADJUSTMENT Turning on AUTOMATED mode Tabular cursor move PROBING SIGNAL LEVEL SETTING PROBING SIGNAL LEVEL SETTING (%) Turning off PROBING SIGNAL LEVEL SETTING 9.5.

  • Page 118: Information On Cables

    REFERENCE INFORMATION 10. INFORMATION ON CABLES 10.1. "TWISTED PAIR" TYPE CABLE "Twisted pair" type cable is one or several pairs of insulated wires twisted together (with a small number of turns per unit length), covered with plastic. Twisting is carried out in order to reduce electromagnetic interference from external sources and mutual interference during signal transmission.

  • Page 119: Crossover Cable Wiring Scheme

    REFERENCE INFORMATION EIA/TIA-568A WIRING SCHEME connector # Color of wire connector # white and green (TX+) green (TX-) white and orange (RX+) blue white and blue orange (RX-) white and brown brown EIA/TIA-568B WIRING SCHEME connector # Color of wire connector # white and orange (TX+) orange (TX-)

  • Page 120: Wiring Of A Cable Consisting Of Three, Two And One Pair Of Wires

    REFERENCE INFORMATION Other options for connecting two PCs using a crossover cable are presented in the table: CONNECTOR # COLOR OF WIRE CONNECTOR # OPTION #1 white and green (TX+) green (TX-) white and orange (RX+) blue white and blue orange (RX-) white and brown brown...
  • Page 121 REFERENCE INFORMATION The term "hybrid lines" means that both system and analog phones can be connected to such lines. In hybrid PBX, "non-digitized" (analogue electrical tone signal without conversion) is switched. Cable type Purpose User device two-wire, analogue municipal telephone cable, analogue office PBX analogue telephone two-wire, digital PBX digital cable...

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