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CEA 4001 Planning And Installation

Sprinkler systems
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CEA 4001
Sprinkler Systems: Planning and Installation

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Summary of Contents for CEA 4001

  • Page 1 CEA 4001 Sprinkler Systems: Planning and Installation...
  • Page 2 33 member bodies, the national insurance associations, the CEA represents all types of insurance and reinsurance undertakings, eg pan-European companies, monoliners, mutuals and SMEs. The CEA, which is based in Brussels, represents undertakings that account for approximately 94% of total European premium income.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Contents Foreword ............................... 15 General ................................15 1.1 Scope ................................15 1.2 Aims ................................16 1.3 Description ..............................16 1.4 Approvals ............................... 17 Definitions ..............................19 Contract planning and documentation ...................... 24 3.1 General ................................24 3.2 Initial Considerations ............................ 25 3.3 Preliminary or estimating stage ........................
  • Page 4 7.2 Connections for other services ........................44 7.3 Housing of equipment for water supplies ....................45 7.4 Test facility devices ............................45 7.5 Pressure/flow tests on water supplies ......................45 7.6 Water supply pressure test ........................... 45 7.7 Water contamination protection ......................... 46 Choice of water supply ..........................
  • Page 5 10.3 Alternative installations ..........................73 10.4 Pre-action installations ..........................73 10.5 Subsidiary dry pipe or alternate extension ....................74 10.6 Subsidiary multiple control valve ......................... 75 Spacing and location of sprinklers....................... 75 11.1 General ................................75 11.2 Maximum area per sprinkler ........................75 11.3 Minimum distance between sprinklers .......................
  • Page 6 13.7 Pressure gauges ............................92 13.8 Measures against over pressurisation ......................93 Alarms and alarm devices..........................93 14.1 Water motor alarms ............................93 14.2 Electrical water flow and water and air pressure switches ............... 94 14.3 Transmission of alarm signals to a permanently manned location ............94 14.4 Monitoring stop valve ...........................
  • Page 7 Annex D ..................................123 D D .1 Scope ................................123 D.2 Zoning of installations ..........................123 D.3 Requirements for zoned installations ......................123 D.4 Block Plan ..............................125 Annex E..................................126 E.1 Scope ................................126 E.2 Design criteria ............................. 126 E.3 Water supplies .............................
  • Page 8 K K .3 Flammable liquid storage ........................... 159 K.4 Pallets - idle ..............................160 K.5 Spirituous liquors in wooden barrels ......................161 K.6 Non-woven synthetic fabric ........................162 K.7 Special requirements for protection of storage utilising Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene (PE) storage containers ............................
  • Page 9 P P .7 Calculation of the friction loss of foam agent pipes .................. 187 P.8 Disposal ................................188...
  • Page 10 Figure 1 Main elements of a sprinkler installation ....................17 Figure 2- Flow chart for determining the class required for storage ............... 35 Figure 3 - Types of storage method .......................... 36 Figure 4- Effective capacity of suction tanks and dimensions of suction chamber ..........
  • Page 11 Figure 26- Most favourable areas of operation in one-sided and two-sided pipe layouts (see G.3.2) (H10) ... 153 Figure 27- Most favourable and unfavourable areas of operation in a gridded pipe layout (see G.3.2) (H11) Figure 28- Most favourable and unfavourable areas of operation in a looped pipe layout (see G.3.2) (H12) ..
  • Page 12 Table 1 :Minimum number of sprinklers per type to be inspected ............... 18 Table 2: Maximum storage heights for OH occupancies ..................34 Table 3: Limitations and protection requirements for different storage methods ..........37 Table 4: Design density and area of operation for LH, OH and HHP ..............
  • Page 13 Table 27: Minimum size of drain valves ........................91 Table 28: Design parameters for pipe supports ....................... 98 Table 29: Minimum dimension of flat iron rods and clips ..................99 Table 30: Light Hazard occupancies (A.1) ......................111 Table 31: Ordinary Hazard occupancies (A.2) .......................
  • Page 14 Table 52: Protection criteria for aerosol storage (K1) .................... 157 Table 53: Flammable liquids in metal drums (ST1) with a capacity > 20 l and 208 l (K2) ........159 Table 54: Flammable liquids in metal drums (ST4) with a capacity >20 l and 208 l (K3) ........

  • Page 15: Foreword

    0 0 Foreword These specifications prepared by - the CEA, the European insurance and reinsurance federation, in the framework of the traditional loss prevention work by European insurers and in line with the EC Commission's group exemption regulation in co-operation with...

  • Page 16: Aims

    They are intended only for fixed fire sprinkler systems in buildings and other premises on land. Although the general principles may well apply to other uses (e.g. maritime use), for these other uses additional considerations will almost certainly have to be taken into account. Aims An automatic sprinkler system is designed to detect a fire and extinguish it with water in its early stages or hold the fire in check so that extinguishment can be completed by other means.

  • Page 17: Approvals

    F F igure 1 Main elements of a sprinkler installation The operating temperature is generally selected to suit ambient temperature conditions. Only sprinklers in the vicinity of the fire, i.e. those which become sufficiently heated, operate. 1.4 Approvals 1.4.1 Approved installers and components Sprinkler systems shall be installed in accordance with the specifications by approved installers using approved components and using approved methods for sizing pipework as specified in annex G.
  • Page 18 The sprinkler system shall be periodically inspected at least once a year by the authorities’ inspector. The inspection report shall confirm that the system is in accordance with the rules, well maintained and in full working order. Any faults and deficiencies shall be noted in the inspection report and the authorities shall specify the time limits for rectification.

  • Page 19: Definitions

    - the installation is in working order at all times; - the installation is checked, maintained and tested in accordance with the installers' instructions and the CEA rules; - the installation is inspected, by contract, at least once a year by one of the authorities' inspectors appointed by the insurers;...
  • Page 20 installation. a a larm valve, pre-action An alarm valve suitable for a pre-action installation. alarm valve, wet An alarm valve suitable for a wet installation. area of operation The maximum area over which it is assumed, for design purposes, that sprinklers will operate in a fire. area of operation, hydraulically most favourable The location in a sprinkler array of an area of operation of specified shape at which the water flow is the maximum for a specific pressure.
  • Page 21 detector sprinkler causes loss of air or inert gas pressure to open the valve. d d istribution pipe A pipe feeding either a range pipe directly or a single sprinkler on a non-terminal range pipe more than 300mm long. distribution pipe spur A distribution pipe from a main distribution pipe, to a terminal branched pipe array.
  • Page 22 i i nstallation, pre-action One of two types of dry, or alternate in dry mode, installation in which the alarm valve can be opened by an independent fire detection system in the protected area. installation, wet (pipe) An installation in which the pipework is always charged with water. jockey pump A small pump used to replenish minor water loss, to avoid starting an automatic suction or booster pump unnecessarily.
  • Page 23 s s prinkler, (automatic) A nozzle with a thermally sensitive sealing device which opens to discharge water for fire fighting. sprinkler, ceiling or flush pattern A pendent sprinkler for fitting partly above but with the temperature sensitive element below, the lower plane of the ceiling.

  • Page 24: Contract Planning And Documentation

    valve. s s taggered (sprinkler) layout An off-set layout with the sprinklers displaced one-half pitch along the range pipe relative to the next range or ranges. standard (sprinkler) layout A layout with sprinkler on adjacent range pipes forming a rectangle. subsidiary alternate (wet and dry pipe) extension A part of a wet installation that is selectively charged with water or air/inert gas according to ambient temperature conditions and which is controlled by a subsidiary dry or alternate alarm valve.

  • Page 25: Initial Considerations

    the address and location of premises; the occupancy of each building; the name of the designer; the name of the person responsible for checking the design, who shall not also be the designer; date and number of issue. 3.2 Initial Considerations Consideration shall be given to any benefits that might be gained by changes in building design, work procedures etc., when preparing the outline design.
  • Page 26 The information provided shall include a summary schedule (see 3.4.2), complete working drawings of the sprinkler installation(s) (see 3.4.3) and details of the water supplies (see 3.4.4). 3.4.2 Summary schedule The summary schedule shall give the following information: the name of project; all drawing or document reference numbers;...
  • Page 27 the location and size of concealed roof or ceiling voids, , offices and other enclosures sealed at a level lower than the roof or ceiling proper; indication of trunking, stagings, platforms, machinery, light fittings, heaters, suspended open cell ceilings etc. which may adversely affect the sprinkler distribution; the sprinkler type(s) and temperature rating(s);...
  • Page 28 is not more than the appropriate value specified in G.2.3 or G. 2.4; and/or in HHP and HHS installations designed using Tables G11 to G14; p f + p d + p s is not more than the residual pressure available at the control valve set from the water supply when it is tested at the appropriate flow rate;...
  • Page 29 - the node or pipe reference scheme used to identify pipes, junctions, sprinkler heads and fittings which need hydraulic consideration; - the position of the hydraulically most unfavourable area of operation; - the position of the hydraulically most favourable area of operation; - the four sprinklers upon which the design density is based;...
  • Page 30 The position and type of stop and check valves and any pressure reducing valve, water meter, water lock and any connection supplying water for other services, shall be indicated. 3.4.4.2 Hydraulic calculation An hydraulic calculation (with relevant flow tests) shall show that each trunk main together with any branch main, from each water supply to a main installation control valve set water supply test and drain valve and control valve 'C' gauge (i.e.
  • Page 31 the net positive suction head (NPSH) graph; a statement of the power output of each prime mover; the installer's data sheet showing the pump set installed performance pressure/flow characteristics, at the control valve 'C' gauge for normal water level and for low water level 'X' (see Figures 4 and 5), and at the pump outlet pressure gauge for normal water level;...

  • Page 32: Commencement Of Installation Works

    (e.g. gas, powder and water spray), designed and installed in accordance with CEA rules; the ceiling above the wet end of paper machines. The lower level and adjacent areas where we usually find all the cable trays, hydraulics pumps and other technical equipment are not considered as wet part and shall be sprinkler protected.

  • Page 33: Compartmentation And Separation

    In these cases, other automatic extinguishing systems shall be considered, designed and installed in accordance with CEA rules. 4.2 Compartmentation and separation 4.2.1 Compartmentation between a sprinkler protected area and a non-protected area shall be in accordance with national regulations.
  • Page 34 5.2.1 Light Hazard - LH Covers non-industrial occupancies with low fire loads and combustibility and with no single area greater than 126m² with a fire resistance of at least 30 minutes. 5.2.2 Ordinary Hazard - OH Covers trading and industrial occupancies where combustible materials with a medium fire load and medium combustibility are processed or manufactured.
  • Page 35 - HHP2, High Hazard Process Group 2; - HHP3, High Hazard Process Group 3; - HHP4, High Hazard Process Group 4. 5.2.4 High Hazard, Storage - HHS Covers the storage of goods where the height of storage exceeds the limits given in 5.2.2. High Hazard, Storage - HHS, is sub-divided into 4 categories: - HHS1, High Hazard Storage Category I;...
  • Page 36 5.3.2 Storage Methods Methods of storing goods are classified as follows: - ST1: free standing or block stacking; - ST2: post or box pallets in single rows (i.e. with aisles no less than 2,4m wide); - ST3: post or box pallets in multiple (including double) rows; - ST4: palletised rack (beam pallet racking);...
  • Page 37 T T able 3: Limitations and protection requirements for different storage methods Storage Limitations Protection requirements in addition to sprinklers Configuration at ceiling or roof Storage shall be confined to blocks None not exceeding 150 m 2 in plan area (see note 2). Aisle between rows shall be not less None than 2,4 m wide.

  • Page 38: Hydraulic Design Criteria

    other cases. See 15.3 for the pipework arrangement. 6 Hydraulic design criteria 6.1 General The design density shall be not less than the appropriate value given in this clause when all the ceiling or roof sprinklers in the room concerned, or in the area of operation, whichever is the fewer plus any in-rack sprinklers and supplementary sprinklers, are in operation.
  • Page 39 NOTE: storage height, building height and ceiling clearance (the vertical distance between the roof or ceiling sprinklers and the top of the storage) are all significant variables contributing to the effectiveness and required design density of sprinkler protection. 6.2.3 Intermediate level in-rack sprinklers 6.2.3.1 Where more than 50 intermediate level sprinklers are installed in the racks, roof or ceiling sprinklers shall be installed with a separate set of control valves.
  • Page 40 T T able 5: Design criteria for HHS with roof or ceiling protection only Storage Maximum permitted storage height (1) m Area of Minimum methods design density operation (wet or pre- action system category I category II category III category IV mm/min m²...

  • Page 41: Pressure And Flow Requirements For Precalculated Systems

    T T able 6: Design criteria for roof sprinklers with in-rack protection Storage Maximum permitted storage height above highest level of Minimum Area of methods intermediate sprinklers (1) design operation density (wet or pre- action mm/min system (2) m² category I category II category III category IV...
  • Page 42 6.3.2 HHP and HHS systems without in-rack sprinklers NOTE: in-rack sprinklers must always be fully calculated (see G.3). The water supply shall be capable of delivering at the highest design point not less than the appropriate flow and pressure specified in table 8, or as modified in 6.3.2.1 to 6.3.2.4. The total requirement for the pressure at the control valve set shall be the sum of the pressure at the design point, the pressure equivalent of the difference in height between the control valve set and the highest sprinkler downstream of the design point and the pressure loss for the flow in the piping...

  • Page 43: Pipe Sizing And Layout

    - fully calculated systems, where all diameters are determined by hydraulic calculation, using the method shown in G. 1 and G.3. The CEA member shall decide which method or methods shall be used in their country, except that the following shall always be fully calculated: layouts with intermediate level HHS sprinklers;...

  • Page 44: Water Supplies - General

    6.4.2 Maximum system pressure Sprinkler systems shall be designed in such a way as to ensure that sprinkler heads are never subjected to a pressure in excess of 12 bar except during pressure testing of the pipework, when the pressure shall not exceed 15 bar.

  • Page 45: Housing Of Equipment For Water Supplies

    if the system is not a high rise system; and if the system is not protecting a multi-storey building. The sprinkler system pumps shall be separate from any hydrant system pumps unless a properly designed combined water supply is used (see 8.6.4). 7.3 Housing of equipment for water supplies Water supply equipment, such as pumps, pressure tanks and gravity tanks, shall not be housed in buildings or sections of premises in which there are hazardous processes or explosion hazards.

  • Page 46: Water Contamination Protection

    7.7 Water contamination protection Where a water contamination problem arises, consideration shall be given in accordance with national regulation and/or the CEA recommendations given in the document entitled « Recommendations for the Fire Protection of Stores Containing Hazardous Substances ».

  • Page 47: Town Mains

    Water supplies shall be one or more of the following: town mains (see 8.2); water storage tanks (see 8.3); inexhaustible sources (see 8.4); pressure tanks (see 8.5). 8.2 Town mains 8.2.1 General The town main shall be capable of satisfying the requirements for pressure, flow and duration. NOTE: it may be necessary to take into account extra flow required for fire brigade purposes.
  • Page 48 jointly by the effective capacity of the tank plus the automatic infill. The effective capacity of a tank shall be calculated by taking the difference between the normal water level and the lowest effective water level. If the tank is not frost proof, the normal water level shall be increased by 1,0m and ice venting provided.
  • Page 49 Table 11 : : Minimum water volume for precalculated HHP and HHS systems Design density not exceeding Minimum water volume mm/min Wet systems Dry systems 10,0 12,5 15,0 17,5 20,0 22,5 25,0 27,5 1 000 30,0 1 090 8.3.2.2 Calculated systems The minimum water volume shall be calculated by multiplying the maximum demand flow by the following operating times: - LH...
  • Page 50 T T able 12: Minimum capacity of reduced capacity tanks Minimum capacity Hazard Class LH - Wet or pre-action OH1 - Wet or pre-action OH1 - Dry or alternate OH2 - Wet or pre-action OH2 - Dry or alternate OH3 - Wet or pre-action OH3 - Dry or alternate OH4 - Wet or pre-action 70, but in no case less than...
  • Page 51 F F igure 4- Effective capacity of suction tanks and dimensions of suction chamber Table 13: Suction pipe inlet clearances Minimum dimension of Distance ’A’ minimum Nominal diameter of Distance ‘B’ minimum vortex inhibitor suction pipe’D’ 0,25 0,08 0,20 0,31 0,08 0,20 0,37...

  • Page 52: Inexhaustible Sources

    In the case of pumps under suction lift conditions, a strainer shall be fitted upstream of the back pressure valve on the pump suction pipe. It shall be fitted so that it can be cleaned without the tank having to be emptied. In the case of open tanks feeding pumps under positive head conditions, a strainer shall be fitted to the suction pipe outside the tank.
  • Page 53 F F igure 5 – Jackwells or sunction pit 8.4.1.2 The inlet to pipes or conduit shall be submerged at least 1 diameter below the lowest known water level. The depth'd' of water in open channels or weirs (including the weir between the settling chamber and suction chamber) below the lowest known water level of the water source shall be not less than that specified in Table 14 for the corresponding width 'w' and flow, where the flow is the maximum flow output of the pump, i.e.

  • Page 54: Pressure Tanks

    T T able 14: Minimum width of settling chambers, suction pits, open channels and weirs 0,25m < d* < 0,5m 0,5m < d* < 1,0m d* < 1,0m maximum flow l/min width maximum flow l/min width maximum flow l/min width 0,088 0,082 0,078...
  • Page 55 The pressure tank shall be housed either in a readily accessible position in a sprinkler protected building or in a separate sprinkler protected building of non-combustible construction used solely for the housing of fire protection water supplies and equipment. When the pressure tank is housed in a sprinkler protected building the area shall be enclosed by fire resistant construction of no less than 30 minutes.

  • Page 56: Type Of Water Supply

    Pressure tanks used as a single supply shall be provided with means for automatically maintaining the air pressure and water level. The air and water supplies shall be capable of filling and pressurising the tank completely in no more than 8 hours. The water supply shall be capable of topping up with water at the gauge pressure (P in 8.5.4) of the pressure tank with a flow of at least 6m 3 /hr.

  • Page 57: Isolation Of Water Supplies

    potable water shall be used; painting or other corrosion protection, which reduces the need for emptying the tank for maintenance shall be approved by the authorities (see clause 18.4.6); inexhaustible source with two or more pumps. 8.6.3 Duplicate water supplies Duplicate water supplies consist of two single water supplies where each supply is independent of the other.

  • Page 58: Pumps

    other source or supply. 9 9 Pumps 9.1 General The pump shall have a stable H (Q) curve, Pumps shall be driven either by electric motors or diesel engines capable of providing at least the power required complying with the following: For pumps with non-overloading power characteristic curves, the maximum power required at the peak of the power curve;...

  • Page 59: Maximum Temperature Of Water Supply

    Compartments for pumpsets shall be sprinkler-protected. Where the pump compartment is separate, it may be impractical to provide sprinkler protection from the control valve sets in the premises. Sprinkler protection may be provided from the nearest accessible point on the downstream side of the outlet non- return valve of the pump via a subsidiary stop valve secured in the open position, together with a water flow detector in accordance with EN 12259-5, to provide visible and audible indication of the operation of the sprinklers.
  • Page 60 9.6.1 General Wherever possible, horizontal centrifugal pumps should be used, installed with a positive suction head. i.e. in accordance with the following: At least two thirds of the effective capacity of the suction tank shall be above the level of the pump centre line;...
  • Page 61 Where more than one pump is provided the suction pipes may only be inter-connected if they are fitted with stop valves to allow each pump to continue operating when the other is removed for maintenance. The connections shall be dimensioned as appropriate for the flow rate required. 9.6.2.3 Suction lift conditions The diameter of the suction pipe shall be no less than 80 mm.
  • Page 62 F F igure 5- Pump priming arrangement for suction lift The priming tank, the pump and the suction pipework shall be kept constantly full of water even where there is leakage from the foot valve referred to in 9.6.2.3. Should the water level in the tank fall to two- thirds of the normal level, the pump shall start.

  • Page 63: Performance Characteristics

    If the supply to the priming tank is taken from the town main forming a supply to the sprinkler installation, the connection shall be made upstream of the non-return valve on the town main connection. The size of the priming tank and the pipe shall be in accordance with table16. T T able 16: Pump priming tank capacity and pipe size Minimum diameter of priming pipe Hazard class...
  • Page 64 T T able 18: Minimum pump characteristics for LH and OH (pre-calculated systems) Sprinkler height Hazard class Nominal data Characteristic h above the control valve set(s) Pressure Flow l/min Pressure Flow l/min Pressure Flow l/min LH wet or pre- h ≤ 15 action 15 <...

  • Page 65: Electrically Driven Pumpsets

    supply the flow rate equal to the maximum demand flow plus 20%, at a pressure of at least 1 bar, as measured at the pump inlet. This test shall be carried out at a time of maximum demand on the main. 9.7.6 Pressure switches 9.7.6.1 Number of pressure switches Two pressure switches shall be provided to start each pumpset, connected in series with normally closed...
  • Page 66 should be in accordance with the appropriate regulations for electrical installations. To protect cables from direct exposure to fire they should be run outside the building or through those parts of the building where the fire risk is negligible and which are separated from any significant fire risk by walls, partitions or floors with a fire resistance of not less than 60 min, or they should be given additional direct protection.

  • Page 67: Diesel Engine Driven Pumps

    be visually and audibly indicated at a location normally attended by responsible personnel. 9.8.6.3 The visual fault indication shall be yellow. The audible signals shall have signal strength of at least 75dB and shall be able to be silenced. 9.8.6.4 A lamp test for checking the signal lamps shall be provided. 9.9 Diesel engine driven pumps 9.9.1 General A diesel engine shall be capable of operating continuously at full load at site elevation with a rated output in...
  • Page 68 broken the remaining belts shall be capable of driving the fan. Where cooling water is taken from the pump in quantities exceeding 2% of the maximum calculated system demand rate, the flow shall be taken into account in the system calculations. 9.9.4 Air filtration and intake The air intake shall be fitted with a suitable filter.
  • Page 69 switches, and manually by means of a push button on the pump controller. It shall be possible to shut down the diesel engine only manually. Engine monitoring devices shall not cause the engine to stop. The rated voltage of the batteries and starter motor shall be no less than 12 V. The starter motor and each battery power source shall have the design capacity to rotate the engine at 0°C and 760mmHg atmospheric pressure for not less than 10 cycles each of not less than 15s cranking and not more than 10s rest.
  • Page 70 When the engine starts the starter motor pinion shall withdraw from the flywheel gear ring automatically by means initiated by an electro-mechanical speed sensor. Pressure switches, for example on the engine lubrication system or water pump outlet, shall not be used as a means of de-energising the starter motor. Centrifugal speed switches or voltage generators used for sensing shall have a direct coupling to, or be gear- driven by, the engine;...
  • Page 71 b) the failure of the engine to start by the end of the six cyclic attempts; c) pump running. The warning lights shall be appropriately marked. 9.9.12 Tools and spare parts A standard kit of tools and spare parts as recommended by the engine and pump manufacturers shall be provided.

  • Page 72: Installation Type And Size

    1 1 0 Installation type and size 10.1 Wet pipe installations 10.1.1 General Wet pipe installations are permanently charged with water under pressure. Wet pipe installations should be installed only in premises where there is no possibility of frost damage, and where the ambient temperature will not exceed 95°C.

  • Page 73: Alternative Installations

    10.2.1 General Dry pipe installations are normally charged with air or inert gas under pressure downstream of the dry alarm valve and water under pressure upstream of the dry alarm valve. A permanent air/inert gas supply to maintain the pressure in the pipe network shall be installed. The installation shall be pressurised to within the pressure range recommended by the alarm valve manufacturer.

  • Page 74: Subsidiary Dry Pipe Or Alternate Extension

    10.4.1 General Pre-action installations are divided into two types: 10.4.1.1 Pre-action installation Type A In the event of a fire detection fault, the preaction installation shall operate as a dry pipe installation. This is a dry pipe system in which the control valve set is activated by an automatic fire detection system but not by the operation of the sprinklers.

  • Page 75: Subsidiary Multiple Control Valve

    temperature ovens or stoves. 10.5.2 Sprinkler orientation Sprinklers in a subsidiary shall be fitted in the up-right position where there is a possibility of frost damage, except where dry pendent pattern sprinklers are used. 10.5.3 Size of subsidiary extensions The number of sprinklers on any subsidiary extension shall not exceed 100. Where more than two subsidiary extensions are controlled by one installation control valve set, the total number of sprinklers in the subsidiary extensions shall not exceed 250.
  • Page 76 Hazard class Maximum area per Maximum distances in Figure 7 (m) sprinkler (m²) Standard layout S and D Staggered layout S1 / D1 21,0 12,0 HHP and HHS...
  • Page 77 Table 22: Maximum coverage and spacing for sidewall sprinklers Hazard class Maximum Spacing along walls Room width Room length Rows of side Spacing pattern area wall sprinklers (horizontal plane) sprinkler m² between sprinkler to sprinklers end of wall single line w ≤...

  • Page 78: Minimum Distance Between Sprinklers

    11.3 Minimum distance between sprinklers Sprinklers shall not be installed at intervals less than 2m except in the following cases with: x where arrangements are made, to prevention adjacent sprinklers from wetting each other, e.g. horizontal baffles; x intermediate sprinklers in racks. 11.4 Location of sprinklers in relation to building construction 11.4.1 Distance from walls The maximum distance from walls and partitions to the sprinklers shall be the smallest value applicable...
  • Page 79 When the deflector is positioned above the level of the underside of beams or joists etc., the dimensions of 11.4.2, Figure 8 and Table 23 shall be observed in order to ensure that effective discharge of the sprinklers is not impaired or else the beam shall be protected on either side as though it were a wall. The distance from girders or beams to the sprinklers shall be at least 0,2m, or alternatively sprinklers may be positioned directly above a girder or beam non wider than 0,2m at a vertical distance of at least 0,15m.
  • Page 80 Table 23: Sprinkler location relative to beams Minimum horizontal Maximum height of sprinkler deflector (d) above (+) or below (-) bottom of distance from sprinkler beamor joist (b in figure 8) (m) vertical axis to side of beam or joist (a in figure 8) Conventional sprinkler Spray sprinkler...

  • Page 81: Intermediate Sprinklers In High Hazard Occupancies

    The sprinklers in the region of the opening shall be capable of providing the minimum flow rate for sprinklers in the rest of the ceiling protection. For hydraulic calculation purposes, only the sprinklers on the longer side of the opening need be considered. 11.4.11 Vertical shafts and chutes At least one sprinkler shall be installed at the top of all shafts except where the shaft is incombustible and inaccessible and contains no combustible materials except electrical cabling.
  • Page 82 11.5.1 General Sprinklers protecting double row racks shall be positioned in the longitudinal flue spaces, preferably in the intersection with the transverse flue (see Figures 9 and 10). Whenever any rack or structural steelwork is likely to interfere significantly with the water discharge from the sprinklers, additional sprinklers shall be provided and taken into account in the flow calculation.
  • Page 83 F F igure 8- Location of rack intermediate level sprinklers Category I or II goods Figure 9- Location of rack intermediate level sprinklers Category III or IV goods 11.5.2 Maximum vertical distance between sprinklers at intermediate levels The vertical distance from the floor to the lowest intermediate level and between levels shall not exceed 3,50m or two tiers, whichever is the lesser, as shown in Figures 9 and 10.
  • Page 84 the next highest row (see Figure 9). The horizontal distance between sprinklers shall not exceed 3,75m and the product of the horizontal distance and the vertical distance between sprinklers shall not exceed 9,8m². In the case of Category III or IV goods, sprinklers shall be installed in the longitudinal flue at the intersection with each transverse flue (see Figure 10).

  • Page 85: Sprinkler Design Characteristics And Uses

    T T able 24: Location of intermediate sprinklers in type ST5 and ST6 storage Shelf width - s Rows of sprinklers Maximum distance Maximum distance Minimum clearance between sprinklers between rows of between sprinkler along rows sprinklers deflector in any row and storage immediately below s <...
  • Page 86 12.2.2 to 12.2.4. 12.2.2 Ceiling or flush, recessed and concealed pattern Ceiling or flush, recessed and concealed sprinklers shall not be installed in OH4, HHP or HHS areas. Sprinklers without fixed deflectors, i.e. with retracted deflectors which drop to the operating position on actuation, shall not be fitted: where the ceiling is more than 45°...

  • Page 87: Flow From Sprinklers

    corners. » 12.3 Flow from sprinklers The water flow from a sprinkler shall be calculated from the following formula: Q = K √ P where: Q is the flow in litres per minute; K is the constant given in Table 25; P is the pressure in bar.

  • Page 88: Sprinkler Thermal Sensitivity

    given to the rating of sprinklers in the vicinity of drying ovens, heaters and other equipment which gives off radiant heat. NOTE : sprinklers are colour coded to indicate their temperature rating as follows: Bulb °C Fusible link °C Orange Uncoloured 57-77 Yellow...

  • Page 89: Sprinkler Water Shields

    12.7 Sprinkler water shields Sprinklers installed in racks or under perforated shelves or platforms or similar locations where water from a higher sprinkler or sprinklers may cause wetting close to the bulb or fusible element, shall be fitted with a non combustible water shield. Water shields and any supports shall be designed so that they: •...

  • Page 90: Valves

    the following ways: with a suitable corrosion resistant coating applied by the manufacturer; with a petroleum jelly coating applied once before and once after installation. The anti-corrosion treatment shall not be applied to sprinkler bulbs. 1 1 3 Valves 13.1 Control Valve Set Each installation shall have a control valve set.

  • Page 91: Test Valves

    any pipe which cannot be drained through another drain valve, with the exception of drop pipes to single sprinklers in a wet installation. The valves shall be fitted at the lower end of the pipework and sized as specified in Table 27. The outlet shall be not more than 3m above the floor and shall be fitted with a brass plug.

  • Page 92: Flushing Connections

    any water flow alarm switch installed downstream of the main control valve set. The test valve shall be connected downstream of the water flow alarm; d) any automatic pump starting device; any pump or pressure tank house sprinkler alarm flow switch installed upstream of the control valve set.

  • Page 93: Measures Against Over Pressurisation

    the non-return valve, ('A gauge'). Each pump supply shall be fitted with a damped pressure gauge on the supply pipe immediately downstream of the outlet non-return valve and upstream of any outlet stop valve. 13.7.2 Control valve set Each set of installation control valves shall have a pressure gauge fitted at each of the following points: immediately upstream of the control valve set, ('B' gauge);...

  • Page 94: Electrical Water Flow And Water And Air Pressure Switches

    for cleaning, shall be fitted between the motor nozzle and the alarm valve connection. The water outlet shall be arranged so that any flow of water can be seen. 14.1.3 Piping to water motor The piping shall be galvanised steel. The equivalent length of pipe between the alarm valve and the water motor shall be not more than 25m assuming an equivalent length of 2m for each change of direction.
  • Page 95 Pipes shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and shall be protected against corrosion. NOTE : the following types of pipe are recommended : cast iron, ductile iron, spun cement, reinforced glass fibre. Adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent damage to piping, for example by passing vehicles. 15.1.2 Above ground piping Piping downstream of control valves shall be steel or copper or another material in accordance with appropriate specifications valid in the place of use of the system.
  • Page 96 • The bending strength of the welded pipe joint shall be at least 80% of the pipe bending strength; • If robot welding machines are used, the welding operation shall be fully automatic. 15.1.4 Mechanical pipe joints Mechanical pipe joints shall be approved. 15.1.5 Flexible pipes and joints If relative movement is likely to occur between different sections of pipework within the sprinkler system, e.g.

  • Page 97: Pipe Supports

    through the drain valve at the control valve set, extra valves shall be fitted in accordance with 13.4. In the case of dry, alternate and pre-action installations range pipes shall have a slope towards the distribution pipe of at least 0,4 % and distribution pipes shall have a slope towards the appropriate drain valve of at least 0,2%.

  • Page 98: Pipework In Concealed Spaces

    vulnerable to mechanical impact: - horizontal, pipes less than 0,45m long, feeding individual sprinklers; - drop or rise pipes less than 0,6m long feeding individual sprinklers. 15.2.3 Design Pipe supports shall either be approved or designed in accordance with the requirements of Tables 28 and 15.3 Pipework in concealed spaces Where sprinkler protection is required in concealed spaces such as false ceilings and floors, the pipework shall be designed as follows:...

  • Page 99: Signs, Notices And Information

    T T able 29: Minimum dimension of flat iron rods and clips Nominal pipe diameter Flat iron rods Pipe clips galvanised mm ungalvanised galvanised mm ungalvanised d≤50 25x1,5 25x3,0 50<d≤200 25x2,5 25x3,0 Signs, notices and information 16.1 Block plan 16.1.1 General A block plan of the premises shall be placed close to a main entrance where it can be readily seen by the fire brigade or others responding to an alarm.
  • Page 100 Where the stop valve is enclosed in a room with a door the sign shall be fixed on the outside of the door, and a second sign, bearing the words « Keep locked shut » shall be fixed on the inside of the door. The second sign shall be circular with white letters not less than 5mm high, on a blue background.

  • Page 101: Commissioning And Acceptance Tests

    16.2.5.2 Fully calculated installations An installer's data sheet shall be displayed beside the pump, giving the following information: the pump manufacturer's data sheets; a schedule listing the technical data specified in 3.4.4.4; a copy of the installer's pump characteristics sheet, similar in presentation to Figure H1;...

  • Page 102: Commissioning Tests

    17.1 Commissioning tests 17.1.1 Pipework All installation pipework shall be hydrostatically tested for not less than 2 hours, to a pressure of not less than 15 bar, or 1,5 times the maximum pressure to which the system will be subjected, (both measured at the installation control valves), whichever is the greater.
  • Page 103 out under contract by the system installer or a similarly qualified company. After an inspection, check, test service or maintenance procedure the system, and any automatic pumps, pressure tanks and gravity tanks shall be returned to the proper operational condition. NOTE : if appropriate, the user should notify interested parties of the intent to carry out tests and/or of the results.

  • Page 104: Action Following Sprinkler Operation

    of pipework feeding the part or parts where work is taking place; in the case of manufacturing premises, when the alterations or repairs are extensive, or it is necessary to disconnect a pipe exceeding 40mm nominal diameter, or to overhaul or remove a main stop valve, alarm valve or check valve, every effort shall be made to carry out the work while;...

  • Page 105: User's Programme Of Inspection And Checking

    18.2.2 Installations protecting cold storage warehouses (air circulation refrigeration) The installation shall be dismantled for drying out after each operation. 18.3 User’s programme of inspection and checking 18.3.1 General The installer shall provide the user with an inspection and checking programme for the system.

  • Page 106: Service And Maintenance Schedule

    18.3.2.5 Diesel engine restarting test Immediately after the pump start test of 18.3.2.4, diesel engines shall be tested as follows: the engine shall be run for 20 min, or for time recommended by the manufacturer, whichever is the greater; the engine shall then be stopped and immediately restarted using the manual start test button;...
  • Page 107 with a signed, dated report of the inspection and advise of any rectification carried out or needed, and advise of any external factors, which may have affected the results. 18.4.2. Quarterly routine 18.4.2.1 General The following checks and inspections shall be made at intervals of not more than 13 weeks. 18.4.2.2 Review of hazard The effect of any changes of structure, occupancy, storage configuration, heating, lighting or equipment etc.
  • Page 108 The electrolyte level and density of all open nickel-cadmium cells (including those in diesel engine starter batteries and those for control panel power supplies) shall be checked. If the density is low the battery charger shall be checked and if necessary repaired or replace. If the charger is working normally, the battery or batteries affected shall be replaced.
  • Page 109 18.4.4.2 Automatic pump flow test Each water supply pump in the installation shall be tested at the full load condition (by means of the test line connection coupled to the pump delivery branch downstream of the pump outlet back pressure valve) and shall give the pressure/flow values stated on the nameplate. NOTE : Appropriate allowances shall be made for pressure losses in the supply pipe and valves between the source and the ‘C’...
  • Page 110 At not more than 15 year intervals, all storage tanks shall be drained, cleaned, examined internally and the fabric attended to as necessary.

  • Page 111: Annex A

    Annex A Classification of Typical typical hazards Tables A1, A.2 and A.3 contain lists of minimum hazard classification. They shall also be used as guidance for occupancies not specifically mentioned. Table 30: Light Hazard occupancies (A.1) Schools and other educational institutions (certain areas) Offices (certain areas) Prisons Hotels certain areas (see 5.2.1) Table 31: Ordinary Hazard occupancies (A.2)
  • Page 112 Miscellaneous x hospitals Laboratories broadcasting studios cinemas and (physical) (see also film (TV) theatres hotels studio) Laundries concert halls libraries railway stations (excluding Car parks (excluding Tobacco book stores) automatic car plant room factories parks) Restaurants farms Film (TV) studios museums Schools see 5.2.1...
  • Page 113 Timber and woodworking wood plywood factories furniture factories factories (without foam plastics) furniture showrooms upholstery (without foam plastics) factories NOTE 1: Where there is painting, large amount of flammable liquids or other similar high fire load areas, they shall be treated as OH3. NOTE 2 : Warehouses generally and high rise buildings according to annex E in order to ensure flexibility.
  • Page 114 Table 32: High Hazard Process occupancies (A.3) H H HP1 1 H H HP2 2 H H HP3 3 H H HP4 4 floor cloth and linoleum fire lighter manufacture cellulose nitrate firework manufacture manufacture manufacture resin, lamp black and tar distilling Rubber tires for turpentine manufacture...

  • Page 115: B B .1 General

    A A nnex B Process for Categorising Stored Materials B.1 General The overall fire hazard of stored goods (defined as a product and its packaging) is a function of its heat release rate (kW) which in turn is a function of its heat of combustion (kJ/kg) and its burning rate (kg/sec).
  • Page 116 F F igure 12- Material Factor (B1) B.2.2 Material Factor 2 Materials having a higher energy content than Material Factor 1 materials, for instance those containing plastics in greater quantities as defined in Figure B1. Examples: wood or metal furniture with plastic seats; electrical equipment with plastic parts or packaging;...

  • Page 117: Effect Of Stored Materials Configuration

    T T able 33: Categories as a function of stored materials configuration (B1) Storage configuration Material Factor Exposed plastic container with non- Cat. I,II,III Cat. I,II,III Cat. I,II,III Cat. IV combustible content Exposed plastic surface - unexpanded Cat. III Cat. III Cat.
  • Page 118 B.3.2 Exposed plastic surface - unexpended The Category should be increased to III or IV when the commodity has exposed plastic surfaces comprising one or more sides or more than 25% of the surface area. Examples: metal parts in PVC storage bins; shrink wrapped tinned foods.
  • Page 119 Goods that have none of the above characteristics e.g. cartoned goods.

  • Page 120: Annex C

    Annex C Alphabetical listing of stored products and categories Table C.1 is applicable where any packaging of the goods, with or without pallets, is no more hazardous than a cardboard box or a single layer of corrugated cardboard wrapping. Table 34: Stored products and categories (C.1) Prod d uct Ca a te e gor r y Com m ment t s With flammable solvents special protection required...
  • Page 121 Fibreboard Firelighters (barbecue) Table 35: Stored products and categories (continued (C.2)) Product Category Comments Flax Special measures, such as an increased area of operation, may be necessary Flour In sacks or paper bags Foods, tinned In cardboard boxes and trays Foodstuffs In sacks Furniture, upholstered...
  • Page 122 Roof felt in rolls Rope synthetic Shoes ≤ 5% by mass plastic or rubber Shoes With plastic (5% or more) Soap, water soluble Spirituous liquors, cased glass ≤ 20% degree of alcohol bottles (other see K) Spirituous liquors, cased > 20% degree of alcohol only in bottle; others see annex K glass bottles (other see K) Table 36: Stored products and categories (continued( C.3)) Product...

  • Page 123: Annex D

    A A nnex D Requirements for Multi-Storey Buildings D.1 Scope This Annex specifies requirements particular to the sprinkler protection of multi-storey buildings when zoning is adopted. It applies only to OH sprinkler installations of the wet pipe type. NOTE: see also Annex E for high rise systems. D.2 Zoning of installations Wet pipe Ordinary Hazard sprinkler installations may be zoned or unzoned.
  • Page 124 distribution pipe spur, as appropriate. The valve outlet shall be fitted with a brass plug cap. D.3.4 Monitoring Zoned sprinkler installations shall be provided with tamperproof devices to monitor the status of: each stop valve (i.e. either fully open or not fully open), including subsidiary stop valves, capable of interrupting the flow of water to sprinklers;...

  • Page 125: Block Plan

    Facilities shall be provided at the indicator panel for silencing the audible alarms but the visual indicators shall continue to operate until the installation is restored to the normal standby condition. Any change in the panel alarm or fault indication after the audible alarm has been silenced shall cause it to resume sounding until it is again silenced or the panel reset to the normal standby condition.

  • Page 126: Annex E

    Annex E Special Requirements for High Rise Systems Scope This Annex specifies requirements particular to the sprinkler protection of multi-storey buildings with a height difference between the highest and lowest sprinkler exceeding 45m. The requirements are applicable to buildings intended for use with occupancies where the hazard is classified as no greater than Ordinary Hazard Group III.

  • Page 127: Water Supplies

    E.2.6 Water pressures Pipework, fittings, valves and other equipment shall be capable of withstanding the maximum pressure likely to be encountered. NOTE: to overcome the problem of pressures in excess of 12bar, hydraulic alarm gongs may be driven via a pressure reducing valve or from a secondary water supply such as a town main, controlled by a diaphragm valve connected to the main installation control valve alarm port.
  • Page 128 F F igure 14 - Typical layout of high rise system with pump supply (E1)
  • Page 129 F F igure 15- Typical layout of high rise system with gravity tanks and booster pumps (E2)

  • Page 130: Annex F

    A A nnex F Special Requirements for Life Safety Systems Subdivision into zones Installations shall be subdivided into zones, in accordance with Annex D, with a maximum of 200 sprinklers per zone. Wet Pipe Installations Sprinkler installations for life safety shall be of the wet pipe type and any subsidiary dry pipe or alternate extension shall comply with 10.5.
  • Page 131 When a zone (or zones) is charged or recharged with water after draining, the flushing valve(s) (see D.3.3) shall be used to check that water is available in the zone (or zones). Individual alarm valves in a duplicate control valve set, where required, shall be separately serviced, provided the water supply to the installation is maintained.

  • Page 132: Annex G

    Annex G Methods for sizing pipework G.1 Calculation of pressure losses in pipework G.1.1 Pipe friction loss Frictional pressure loss in pipes shall be hydraulically calculated. The Hazen-Williams formula should be used: 6,05 x10 1,85 _____ 1,85 4,87 where: p is the pressure loss in the pipe, in bar; Q is the flow through the pipe, in litres per minute;...
  • Page 133 p = 0,098h where: p is the static pressure difference, in bar; h is the vertical distance between the points, in metres. G.1.3 Velocity The equilibrium water velocity shall not exceed: 6m/s through any valve or flow monitoring device; 10m/s at any other point in the system, for the stabilised flow condition at the demand point involving an area of operation or where the system includes intermediate sprinklers the total number of sprinklers assumed to be in simultaneous operation.

  • Page 134: Pre-Calculated Systems

    T T able 38: Equivalent length of fittings and valves (G2) Fittings and valves Equivalent length of steel straight pipe for a C value of 120° Nominal diameter (mm) 90° screwed elbow (standard) 0,63 0,77 1,04 1,22 1,46 1,89 2,37 3,04 3,67 4,30...
  • Page 135 G.2.1.4 Risers or drops, connecting distribution pipes to ranges, and pipes connecting single sprinklers, other than arm pipes, shall be considered as distribution pipes and sized accordingly. G.2.2 Location of Design Points G.2.2.1 The design point shall be located at the point of connection of a horizontal distribution pipe to one of the following: - a range pipe;...
  • Page 136 G.2.3 Light Hazard LH G.2.3.1 The size of range pipes, and terminal distribution pipes downstream of the design point shall be as given in Table G6. T T able 42: Range pipe diameters for LH installations (G6) Nominal pipe size Maximum number of Pipes sprinklers on range pipes...
  • Page 137 T T able 44: Pressure loss for design flow rates in LH installations (G8) Nominal pipe size Loss of pressure in pipe Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 (100 l/min) (225 l/min) 44,00 198,00 12 ,00 52,00 5,50 25,00 1,70 7,80 0,44 2,00...
  • Page 138 T T able 46: Distribution pipe diameters in OH installations (G10) Distribution pipes Layout Diameter mm Maximum number of sprinklers fed At extremities of system 2 end-side All others Between design points To be calculated in accordance with and the control valve G.2.4.2 When the ranges run longitudinally under roofs sloping at an angle of more than 6°, the number of sprinklers on a range pipe shall not exceed 6.
  • Page 139 Required pressure at the control valve set 2,6bar Pressure available at the control valve set for the flow appropriate in HH e.g. 6,0 bar Extra pressure which may be used: 50% of (6,0-2,6)= 1,7bar The pipework shall be dimensioned to allow for a maximum pressure loss of: 0,5+1,7 (1 000/1 350)²...
  • Page 140 NOTE: figure H7 gives an example of a pipe layout in accordance with Tables G13 and G14 and design points from which the pipe diameters shall be fully calculated. Table 47: Range pipe diameter for HH installations with pressure and flow characteristics as given in Table 8 (1 or 2)(G11) Range pipes Layout...

  • Page 141: Fully Calculated Systems

    T T able 50: Range pipe diameters of HH installations with pressure and flow characteristics as given in table 7 (3 or 4) (G14) Range pipes Layout Diameter Maximum number of sprinklers fed by pipe Ranges at remote en of End-side, last 3 ranges all distribution pipes Other ranges...
  • Page 142 adjacent sprinklers at right angles to the line joining the sprinklers and by the boundary of the area covered (see figure H8). Where in-rack sprinklers are installed, the calculation shall be carried out taking into account the simultaneous flow and pressure requirement for roof or ceiling sprinklers and the intermediate level sprinklers.
  • Page 143 G.3.3.2 Hydraulically most favourable location The area of operation shall be as near as possible square. The following shall be considered: in the case of terminal and looped configurations, the area shall where possible Include sprinklers on one distribution pipe only. The number of sprinklers calculated to be operating on ranges, or pairs of ranges in end-centre installations, shall be located on each range or pair of ranges at the hydraulically most favourable Location.
  • Page 144 80mm. For larger diameters an armpipe shall be fitted so that the minimum distance from the sprinkler deflector to the edge of the main pipe is 1,5 times the diameter of this pipe.

  • Page 145: Annex H (Informative)

    Annex H (Informative) Figures with examples Figure 16- Typical pump curve (see 9.7) (H1)
  • Page 146 Figure 17- Examples of range pipe arrays (see G.2.2) (H2)
  • Page 147 Figure 18- Example of application of design points in an LH installation (see G.2.2) (H3)
  • Page 148 Figure 19- Example of application of design points in an OH installation (see G.2.2) (H4)
  • Page 149 Figure 20- Example of application of design points in an HH installation with pipework sized from tables G11 and G12 (H5)
  • Page 150 Figure 21- Example of application of design points in an HH installation with pipework sized from Tables G11 and G13 (H6)
  • Page 151 Figure 22- Example of application of design points in an HH installation with pipework sized from Tables G13 and G14 (H7)
  • Page 152 Figure 23- Determination of area covered per sprinkler (see G.3.1) (H8) Figure 24- Most unfavourable areas of operation in one-sided and two-sided pipe layouts (see G.3.3.1) (H9)
  • Page 153 Figure 25- Most favourable areas of operation in one-sided and two-sided pipe layouts (see G.3.2) (H10) Figure 26- Most favourable and unfavourable areas of operation in a gridded pipe layout (see G.3.2) (H11)
  • Page 154 F F igure 27- Most favourable and unfavourable areas of operation in a looped pipe layout (see G.3.2) (H12)

  • Page 155: Annex I (Informative)

    A A nnex I (Informative) Approved components Components subject to approval by the insurers include, but are not necessarily listed to: sprinklers; b) wet alarm valve assemblies; dry alarm valve assemblies; d) alarm motors and gongs; water flow detectors; pipe couplings; g) pipe hangers;...

  • Page 156: Annex J (Informative)

    Annex J (Informative) New technology These rules cover only the types of sprinkler specified in Table 26. During the years preceding the preparation of these rules new technologies were being developed for special applications, including in particular the following: - early suppression fast response sprinklers (ESFR) see annex L; - large drop sprinklers;...

  • Page 157: Annex K

    Annex K Protection of Special Hazards National requirements shall be taken into consideration. The following product examples need special consideration. K.1 Aerosols Protection for aerosol storages shall be in accordance with table K 1. Precautions shall be taken to avoid projection of aerosol containers. The maximum area of aerosol storage and any containment shall be considered and the authorities shall be consulted.

  • Page 158: Clothes In Multiple Garment Hanging Storage

    K.2 Clothes in multiple garment hanging storage K.2.1 General This annex describes special provisions for the protection of intensive hanging garment stores having multiple row or garment racks at two or more levels. They may have automatic or semi- automatic garment delivery, picking or transportation systems. Access to elevated garment storage levels within a warehouse is usually by walkways and ramps.

  • Page 159: K K .3 Flammable Liquid Storage

    Ceiling sprinklers shall be designed for a density of 7,5mm/min over an area of operation of 260m 2 , providing the uppermost level of racks is capped and protected by rack sprinklers. If the uppermost level or the capping is omitted, the ceiling sprinklers shall be designed on the basis at least of Category III goods.

  • Page 160: Pallets - Idle

    T T able 54: Flammable liquids in metal drums (ST4) with a capacity >20 l and 208 l (K3) Class Properties Storage methods Intermediated Ceiling sprinklers sprinkler level in °C figure 10 (1) configuration Density mm/ Area of operation FP > 100 on side on end each 12th tier each 6th tier...

  • Page 161: Spirituous Liquors In Wooden Barrels

    K5. Pallets stored in racks shall be protected with ceiling and in-rack sprinklers according to table K6. T T able 56: Protection of solid piled or palletized pallets (ST1) (K5) Type of pallet Maximum Ceiling sprinkler Special requirements storage height Wood and cellulose see table 4 Category IV material pallets...

  • Page 162: Non-Woven Synthetic Fabric

    storage heights intermediate sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with Category III/IV requirements. In both cases the ceiling sprinklers shall be installed with a density of 15 mm/min over an area of operation o f 360m 2 . NOTE: drainage or bounding should be provided to limit the spread of liquid spills. NOTE: for the purposes of this standard, spirituous liquor is defined as that containing more than 20% alcohol.

  • Page 163: Special Requirements For The Protection Of Mobile Shelving With Ceiling Or Roof-Level Sprinkler Only

    NOTE 1: containers shall be assumed to be water permeable if the head of water collected in the container does not exceed 10 mm for a water discharge into the container, equivalent to 20 mm/min. ( Storage containers with 5 mm diameter drainage holes uniformly distributed at not less than 50 holes/m 2 container plan...

  • Page 164: Protection Of Racks With Solid Shelves And Gangways Storing Plastic Boxes

    K.9 Protection of racks with solid shelves and gangways storing plastic boxes This section covers the protection of racks with solid shelves and gangways. The gangways shall be solid. a gap of 0.1 m is allowed between the rack and the gangway for ventilation purposes. This concept is based on fire tests and shows one possible solution to provide adequate protection.

  • Page 165: Plastic Packaging Recycling Plants

    The sprinklers shall have the following characteristics: spray sprinklers K-factor min. 57 RTI-value quick upright Furthermore, baffles or water shields for the sprinklers shall be installed to avoid cooling (see 11.3) and to protect them against dripping plastics. The hydraulic design of rack protection shall consider the following parameters: area of operation of 90 m²...
  • Page 166 or deluge system): ƒ material storage bunker ƒ comminuting systems (e.g. shredders, mills) ƒ drying systems ƒ silo systems The maximum storage heights for bulk storage and bale storage are given in table K8 and the design data in table K9. T T able 59: Maximum bulk and bale storage heights (K8) Max.
  • Page 167 F F igure 28: Area of operation for deluge systems (K2)
  • Page 168 The sprinkler resp. deluge systems shall be monitored for operational availability. K.10.6 Spark extinguishing systems in recycling plants A spark extinguishing system (CEA 4033) shall be used for pneumatic conveyor equipment for waste material and dust (e.g. baling presses, filter systems, air separators, press waste container station).

  • Page 169: Annex L

    The higher temperature ratings shall only be used where needed because of high ambient temperature conditions. The nominal k factor of ESFR sprinklers shall be between 200 and 360. L.1.4 Application L.1.4.1 The following clauses of the CEA rules for Automatic Sprinkler Systems - Design and Installation are...
  • Page 170 not applicable for ESFR sprinkler protection: 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4.1, 8.3.2.1, 8.3.2.2, , 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 11.1.2, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4.1, 11.4.2, 11.4.4, 11.4.5, 11.4.6, 11.4.7, 11.4.9, 11.4.10, 11.4.12, 11.4.13, 11.5, 12.2, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.8, 12.9. L.1.4.2 Storage configurations L1.4.2.1 Flue spaces Storages should have longitudinal and transverse flues, which are: a) continuous for the full height of each block of storage;...
  • Page 171 L 1.4.2.3 Storage methods ST5 and ST6 Single and double-row shelved racks shall comply with one of the following: a) shelves having openings of less than 50% of the plan area shall not exceed 2.0m² total plan area and shall be bounded on all four edges by flue spaces of not less than 0,15m width; b) slatted shelves shall have shelf-open areas, uniformly interspaced of at least 50% of the shelf plan area.
  • Page 172 Paper rolls stored on see note 7 see note see note see note 7 (stored vertically) in open or closed arrays, banded or unbanded : Medium weight paper and plastic coated heavyweight paper ( see note 4 & 5) Mezzanine height ≤ 6 operating sprinklers at 3,5 bar for K = 200 and at 1,4 bar for K = 360 (see note 6)

  • Page 173: Sprinkler System Design

    Note 7 The values given for a maximum ceiling height of 12,2m shall be used. L.1.4.4 ESFR sprinklers shall only be installed in buildings with roofs or ceilings which : a) have a slope not exceeding 170mm/m.; b) are continuous and have no permanent opening; c) are of non-combustible construction;...
  • Page 174 L.2.2 Hydraulic design L.2.2.1 ESFR sprinkler installation shall be fully hydraulically calculated in accordance with annex G1 and G3. L.2.2.2 The design area of operation shall consist of an area with a minimum of 12 ceiling sprinklers or minimum 90 m 2 whichever is the greater. This design area of operation shall be the hydraulically most unfavourable area and may include up to 6 additional sprinklers within the same area (e.g.
  • Page 175 L L .2.3 Spacing and location of sprinklers L.2.3.1 The area of coverage of ESFR sprinklers shall be not less than 7,5m 2 and not more than 9m 2 . The distance between sprinklers shall be in accordance with table L3. Table 63: Distance between sprinklers (L3) Maximum Distance between sprinklers in m...
  • Page 176 Figure 31:L3 Figure 32 :L4...
  • Page 177 F F igure 33 :L5 L.2.3.3 Where sprinkler deflectors are located above the bottom of beams, girders, ducts, fluorescent lighting fixtures or other obstructions located near the ceiling, the position of the sprinklers with respect to these obstructions shall be in accordance with figures L3, L4 and L5, as appropriate. L.2.3.4 Continuous obstructions located below sprinklers, such as sprinkler piping, utility piping or duct work up to 0,3 m wide at a horizontal distance of at least 0,6m from the vertical centre-line of the sprinklers do not require additional sprinklers below.
  • Page 178 installed beneath every other level starting from the second level down from the ceiling. (See figure L6). L.2.4 Separation between ESFR and other sprinkler installations. L.2.4.1 Vertical screens shall be installed between areas protected by ESFR sprinklers and areas protected by other type of sprinklers.

  • Page 179: Annex M (Informative)

    Annex M (informative) Commodity classification methodology utilising calorimeter tests M.1 Introduction Efficient reliable sprinkler protection storage risks dependent appropriate commodity classifications. This European sprinkler installation specification subdivides commodities into four categories, based on experience and fire test results. Full-scale fire testing has been the preferred solution for determining commodity classifications, but is a costly procedure.
  • Page 180 a) Chicarello, P-J- Troup, J.M, "Fire products collector test procedure for the determining the commodity classification of ordinary combustible products", Factory Mutual Research Corporation, August 1990. b) Heskestad, G. (a fire products collector for calorimetry in the MW range", Factory Mutual Research Corporation, June 1981.

  • Page 181: Annex N (Informative)

    A A nnex N (informative) Minimum water supply for all hazard classes shall be superior. The exceptions are given in table 30 hereunder: Hazard Classes Cumulated number of Minimum type of Water sprinklers per Hazard supply classes LH; OH1 < 1000 Single (2) >...

  • Page 182: Annex O (Reserved)

    Annex O (reserved)

  • Page 183: Annex P

    A A nnex P Addition of foam concentrate The compliance with local environmental rules and regulations for the design, testing, drainage, system run off or other potential environmental requirements shall be checked. Foam concentrate utilized in system shall be suitable for the fuel or chemical being protected. Where fuel or chemical being protected is miscible or soluble, (able to mix with water), an alcohol resistant foam concentrate shall be utilized.

  • Page 184: Foam Injection Device

    Dry installations shall be designed in such a way, that the water- foam mixture reaches the test valve at the end of the pipework within 30 seconds of system activation. This test can be performed using water only. P P .2 Foam injection device P.2.1The foam injection device shall be approved (GEI3).

  • Page 185: Foam Agent

    foam injection device shall be per the foam injection device manufacturers requirements, but in no case lower than 1 bar. P.3.2 Foam injection pumps shall not work under suction conditions. P.3.3 Foam pumps shall be installed with a pump casing relief valve. Casing relief valve shall be set to open after pump pressure is 1 bar higher than the design limit of either the pump or the system piping network, whichever is less.

  • Page 186: Foam Agent And Water Foam Pipe-Work

    The manufacturers recommendation for the storage of the foam agent shall be observed. P.5.2 Non pressurized foam tank The foam tank shall be adequately designed to allow for the thermal expansion of the foam concentrate. The foam tank shall have a venting, a level gauge and means to prevent overfilling. Means for servicing and inspecting the inside of the tank shall be provided.
  • Page 187 P P .6.3 Galvanized pipes shall not be used for pipe-work filled with water foam mixture or used in foam concentrate lines unless proof of the compatibility of the foam agent with galvanized pipes is available. P.6.4 A filter or strainer shall be fitted upstream the foam injection device. Maintenance and cleaning of the filter shall not affect the operation of the extinguishing system (by pass around the strainer).
  • Page 188 P P .8 Disposal The capacities of the necessary extinguish water collecting pools shall be determined according to the national regulation (and CEA recommendations Disposal of foam agent and water foam mixtures shall be done according to the national rules.
  • Page 189 The information provided is for information purposes only and in no way constitutes the CEA’s position. In no event shall the CEA be liable for any loss or damage arising in connection with the use of this information.
  • Page 190 CEA aisbl Square de Meeûs 29 B-1000 Brussels Belgium Tel: +32 2 547 58 11 Fax: +32 2 547 58 19 www.cea.eu...

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