Table of Contents
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Contents
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
NOTES ON SAFETY AND USE, MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE -------------------- 4
1.1
Safety notes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
1.2
Usage Notes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4
1.3
Maintenance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4
1.4
Cleaning ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
1.5
Calibration --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
1.6
Service ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
SPECIFICATIONS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
CONTROL AND CONNECTION ELEMENTS, PIN CONFIGURATIONS ------------- 9
3.1
Front Panel with Top and Bottom Section ----------------------------------------------------------- 9
3.2
Rear panel ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
3.3
USB-A socket --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
3.4
DVI output ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
3.5
12V power supply ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
STARTUP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
4.1
Mains operation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12
4.2
Battery operation ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
4.2.1
Replacing the battery ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
4.2.2
Battery management ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12
4.3
Operation using an external power supply -------------------------------------------------------- 12
4.4
Ventilation control ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
4.5
Switching on ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
4.6
Setting screen brightness and volume ------------------------------------------------------------- 13
MENU STRUCTURE ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14
MEASURING RANGE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
6.1
Frequency input ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15
6.1.1
IF input ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
6.1.2
RF input ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
6.1.2.1
Ku band ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
6.1.2.2
C band ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15
6.2
DVB-S mode ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
6.2.1
Symbol rate input ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
6.2.2
Scan --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
6.2.3
DVB-S parameters -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
6.2.4
BER measurement (bit error rate measurement) ------------------------------------------------ 17
6.2.5
MER measurement -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
6.3
DVB-S2 mode -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
6.3.2
Scan --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
6.3.3
DVB-S2 parameters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
6.3.4
BER measurement (bit error rate measurement) ------------------------------------------------ 18
6.3.5
MER measurement -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
6.3.6
Packet error measurement ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
6.4
Level measurement ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
6.4.1
MAX Hold function --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
6.4.2
Acoustic level trend indicator ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
6.5
LNB supply ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19
6.5.1
14/18 V - 22 kHz control ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
6.5.2
DiSEqC ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
6.5.2.1
DiSEqC V1.0 control ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20
6.5.2.2
DiSEqC V1.1 control ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20
Contents
1
10911 V01.06
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Related Manuals for KWS Electronic VAROS 109
Summary of Contents for KWS Electronic VAROS 109
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Page 1: Table Of Contents
Contents Contents CONTENTS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 CHAPTER 1 NOTES ON SAFETY AND USE, MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE -------------------- 4 Safety notes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Usage Notes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 Maintenance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 Cleaning ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 ... - Page 2 Contents 6.5.2.3 DiSEqC V1.2 control ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21 6.5.2.4 DiSEqC V2.0 control ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22 6.5.3 UNICABLE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22 6.5.3.1 Activation and Configuration -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 6.5.3.2 Operation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 6.5.4 JESS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 ...
- Page 3 Contents 13.7 Cleaning the fibre optic plug connection ----------------------------------------------------------- 46 13.8 USB Microskope ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46 13.7.1 Operation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 13.7.2 Logging ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 CHAPTER 14 CONSTELLATION DIAGRAM (OPTION) -------------------------------------------------- 50 14.1 ...
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Page 4: Chapter 1 Notes On Safety And Use, Maintenance And Service
Chapter 1 - Notes on Safety and Use, Maintenance and Service Chapter 1 Notes on Safety and Use, Maintenance and Service Safety notes This instrument is built and tested according to EN 61010-1 (protective measures for electronic measuring instruments) with attached power cable. This instrument may only be powered with the power cable originally delivered from Important! the factory. -
Page 5: Cleaning
Chapter 1 - Notes on Safety and Use, Maintenance and Service Cleaning The case and the TFT display should be cleaned with a soft, lint-free dust cloth. Never use solvents such as diluents for cellulose lacquers, acetone or similar since they may damage plastic parts or the coating on the front panel. -
Page 6: Chapter 2 Specifications
Chapter 2 - Specifications Chapter 2 Specifications Subject to technical change! FREQUENCY RANGE 910 - 2150 MHz resolution 1 MHz Transponder frequency or 1 IF entry DVB-S, DVB-S2 OPERATING MODES Analyzer in all ranges OPERATION via keypad Input 5.7" Color-TFT, VGA resolution Monitor via OSD (On Screen Display) User Prompting... - Page 7 Chapter 2 - Specifications DVB-S2 (per ETS 302307) QPSK/8PSK demodulator not supported 16APSK, 32APSK not supported FEC 1/4, 1/3, 2/5 2 – 45 MSym/s Symbol rates (per ETR 290) Measuring parameters LBER to 10 (bit error rate per LDPC) CBER to 10 (bit error rate before LDPC) 1 –...
- Page 8 Chapter 2 - Specifications OPTICAL RECEIVER (optional) Measuring parameters -35dBm - +9dBm Optical power Wavelength (calibrated) 1310nm, 1490nm, 1550nm Resolution 0.1dB Measuring accuracy ± 0.35dB individual OMI Optical modulation index (OMI) Resolution 0.1% Measuring accuracy ± 10% (of displayed value) 99 Memory locations TUNING MEMORY memory protection function...
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Page 9: Chapter 3 Control And Connection Elements, Pin Configurations
Chapter 3 - Control and connection elements, pin configurations Chapter 3 Control and connection elements, pin configurations Front Panel with Top and Bottom Section Top section of instrument Bottom section of instrument 10911 V01.06... -
Page 10: Rear Panel
Chapter 3 - Control and connection elements, pin configurations Rear panel USB-A socket Pin 1 = V (+5 V) Pin 2 = Data D - Pin 3 = Data D + Pin 4 = GND 10911 V01.06... -
Page 11: Dvi Output
Chapter 3 - Control and connection elements, pin configurations DVI output Compliant with DDWG (Digital Display Working Group) DVI (Digital Visual Interface) Revision 1.0 12V power supply Extra-low voltage jack per DIN 45 323 10911 V01.06... -
Page 12: Chapter 4 Startup
Chapter 4 - Startup Chapter 4 Startup Mains operation Only power the instrument from the mains using an external mains adapter connected to the 12 V extra-low voltage jack. A suitable adapter with connecting cable is included in delivery (see “External power supply”). -
Page 13: Switching On
Chapter 4 - Startup Switching on The instrument processor requires approx. 5 seconds to boot up. During this time, the “charge” LED lights up yellow. Afterwards, a display appears on the screen. Setting screen brightness and volume Pressing the AV SET button calls up two control bars, one for screen brightness the other for volume. -
Page 14: Chapter 5 Menu Structure
Chapter 5 - Menu structure Chapter 5 Menu structure Most functions of the instrument can be selected in a clear menu structure. The main menu of the instrument is adjusted to the currently set operating mode respectively. This ensures that functions can only be selected where needed. ... -
Page 15: Chapter 6 Measuring Range
Chapter 6 - Measuring range Chapter 6 Measuring range Frequency input Frequencies are displayed in the frequency window. Enter the value of the frequency in MHz or GHz (see below). Set the desired frequency using the number keys or arrow keys. The decimal unit can be changed from 0-9 by pressing the Up and Down arrow keys when the cursor is on that unit. -
Page 16: Dvb-S Mode
Chapter 6 - Measuring range DVB-S mode Using this mode, QPSK-modulated DVB-S signals can be received and measured. 6.2.1 Symbol rate input You must set the corresponding symbol rate before receiving a DVB-S signal. The instrument offers the operator five preset symbol rates for rapid input. Select MODE -> Symbol rate to use one of the five preset symbol rates. -
Page 17: Ber Measurement (Bit Error Rate Measurement)
Chapter 6 - Measuring range When the DVB-S channel decoder receives a signal, the instrument shows its code rate and modulation scheme in the parameter window. At the same time, bit error rate and MER measurement is activated. The measured values are shown in the BER window and the MER window. The MPEG window is also displayed;... -
Page 18: Dvb-S2 Parameters
Chapter 6 - Measuring range Start the scan by tuning the measuring receiver to a frequency at which the scan should begin (see “Frequency input”). Pressing ENTER begins the process, as indicated by the “SCAN” message in the frequency window. When the instrument finds a transponder, the search is halted and the measuring receiver measures the frequency found. -
Page 19: Level Measurement
Chapter 6 - Measuring range Level measurement As soon as the instrument is set to a frequency (see “Frequency setting”), it begins to measure the level and displays the measured value in dBµV in the level window. The measuring range extends from 30 to 110 dBµV with a resolution of 0.5 dB. The measuring bandwidth is automatically adjusted to the channel bandwidth being measured. -
Page 20: Diseqc V1.0 Control
Chapter 6 - Measuring range The image shows the selection menu for the DiSEqC versions and single-cable standards. 6.5.2.1 DiSEqC V1.0 control When LNB -> DiSEqC -> V1.0 is set, the instrument operates according to DiSEqC Standard V1.0 and allows you to control up to four satellite positions with up to four SAT IF levels each. A SAT IF level is set using LNB ->... -
Page 21: Diseqc V1.2 Control
Chapter 6 - Measuring range DiSEqC1.0 (committed switches) and DiSEqC1.1 (uncommitted switches) commands are repeated for this reason. The next picture shows a possible configuration in which 64 SAT IF levels are controlled. The structure incorporates three hierarchy levels; two repetitions must therefore be set. The following settings must be made to connect the SAT IF route marked in bold: Relay 1 works with “uncommitted switches”... -
Page 22: Diseqc V2.0 Control
Chapter 6 - Measuring range Then open the “Limit east” function. The limit is saved in the positioner when you press ENTER to confirm. Limit west: This allows you to set a western limit that the positioner cannot pass. To do so, proceed as follows: First use the “Drive”... -
Page 23: Activation And Configuration
Chapter 6 - Measuring range 6.5.3.1 Activation and Configuration The UNICABLE control is activated via LNB -> DiSEqC -> UNIC. The first menu that appears allows users to choose between setting the SCR-ADR-BANK and setting the SCR-ADR (satellite channel router address). In the SCR-ADR menu, users can select the user band (UB) bandpass slot for the measuring receiver to use and edit the corresponding centre frequency. -
Page 24: Operation
Chapter 6 - Measuring range Here you can set the UB centre frequency that corresponds to the selected SCR address. This is the frequency that a connected receiver needs to tune to. Use the Up and Down keys, the <- and -> keys, or the numeric keypad to set the UB centre frequencies within the range from 950 MHz to 2.150 MHz. - Page 25 Chapter 6 - Measuring range This means that the measuring receiver must send the transponder frequency to the UNICABLE unit as a UNICABLE command and then tune itself to the correct UB slot centre frequency. Whenever there is a new tuning process, the entire UNICABLE control command is sent to the UNICABLE unit.
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Page 26: Jess
Chapter 6 - Measuring range Note: Switched-in antenna wall outlets or poor signal conditions could impede the SCR-ADR scan. The search function in the operating mode of UNICABLE and JESS has been deactivated. 6.5.4 JESS JESS (Jultec Enhanced Stacking System) is an expansion on UNICABLE Standard with a larger range of functions. -
Page 27: Programming Antenna Wall Outlets
Chapter 6 - Measuring range Selecting the replace UBs menu item saves these frequencies in non-volatile memory and overwrites the existing frequencies. Note: Switched-in antenna wall outlets or poor signal conditions could impede the SCR-ADR scan. In the JESS operating mode the scan function is deactivated. 6.5.5 Programming antenna wall outlets For single-cable systems, there is a possibility that participants sharing a cable will cause each other... -
Page 28: Lnb Current Measurement
Chapter 6 - Measuring range The desired configuration can be set using the up and down keys as well as the <- and -> keys. Pressing ENTER programs this configuration and returns you to the original menu. If the programming was successful, this configuration is shown in the lines “n-1” and “akt.”, the previous contents of line “n-1”... -
Page 29: Chapter 7 Analyzer
Chapter 7 - Analyzer Chapter 7 Analyzer The safest way to look for a satellite position is in the analyzer mode. By rotating the dish, one tries to locate a satellite system while adjusting the transponder to maximal level. The picture below shows an analyzer screen. The level grid is 10 dB/DIV. -
Page 30: Level Measurement
Chapter 7 - Analyzer Level measurement During each sweep, the level of the cursor frequency is measured and displayed at the top right of the screen in dBµV. Level measurement in analyzer mode is comparable to that of a pure spectrum analyzer. -
Page 31: Activating The Remote Supply
Chapter 7 - Analyzer SPAN2: For fine-tuning, the instrument is tuned directly to the frequency of the cursor position. In addition to the five preset symbol rates, the entire range of the symbol rates is searched from 2 to 45 MSym/s. Activating the remote supply The LNB supply can be activated while in analyzer mode in the same way as was discussed in previous sections. -
Page 32: Chapter 8 Scan Support For Finding Satellites
Chapter 8 - SCAN Support for Finding Satellites Chapter 8 SCAN Support for Finding Satellites Several Functions are gathered together in the SCAN-function which makes looking and identifying a satellite position easier. As soon as the SCAN function is selected, a submenu will appear where the following functions can be selected: ANALYZER;... -
Page 33: Sat List
Chapter 8 - SCAN Support for Finding Satellites The scan parameter (satellite, transponder frequency etc.) are a fixated componant of the satellite and cannot be found in lists prior to 21.1.2011. Therefore the SAT lists should be kept up-to-date. (View the chapter „SAT- lists import“ ). Note: If Quattro LNBs are used, the various SAT identifications are not sent on all levels. -
Page 34: Favourites List
Chapter 8 - SCAN Support for Finding Satellites Favourites list You can save frequently required satellites in a favourites list so that they can be found more quickly. To do so, select the corresponding satellite from the SAT list and press SAVE. The following menu appears: You can now select the position in the favourites list. -
Page 35: Chapter 9 Mpeg Decoder
Chapter 9 - MPEG decoder Chapter 9 MPEG decoder An MPEG2/4 decoder is included in the delivery of this instrument. It functions as the Back-End of a DVB receiver. It evaluates the Program Service Information (PSI) and decodes the digital audio and video data. -
Page 36: Picture And Sound Control
Chapter 9 - MPEG decoder The transponder or channel that is being tuned on the receiver at any specific time is marked in the NIT with (*). You can now select another entry with the Up and Down keys. Press ENTER to tune the receiver to the new transponder or channel. -
Page 37: Display Of Mpeg Video Parameters
Chapter 9 - MPEG decoder The list of video channels always appears first. MODE -> AUDIO List displays the list of audio channels. MODE > VIDEO List takes you back to the video list. All channels marked with (*) are encrypted. -
Page 38: Chapter 10 Memory Management
Chapter 10 - Memory management Chapter 10 Memory management The tuning memory of the instrument can store up to 99 channels. The memory preview function provides an overview of the turning memory without requiring the user to call up all memory locations ahead of time or to note down information when saving. -
Page 39: Erasing A Memory Location
Chapter 10 - Memory management 10.3.2 Erasing a memory location This function can be used to erase a continuous block of memory locations or an individual memory location within the tuning memory. Access this function via MODE -> memory -> erasing memory location. The instrument first asks for the first location to be erased. - Page 40 Chapter 10 - Memory management Access via MODE -> Memory -> Import memory. A selection screen appears with all saved “mem” files. Use the Up/Down arrow keys to move the cursor to the desired file. Press ENTER to overwrite the current tuning memory of the instrument with the data from the “mem” file. The name of the selected “mem”...
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Page 41: Chapter 11 Usb-A Interface
Chapter 11 - USB-A interface Chapter 11 USB-A interface The instrument has a USB-A interface. The corresponding port is at the top of the instrument. The interface is compatible with USB 2.0 specification in high speed mode. The measuring instrument only supports the MASS STORAGE DEVICE class (USB stick). -
Page 42: Chapter 12 Common Interface
Chapter 12 - Common Interface Chapter 12 Common Interface The instrument is equipped with a CI interface. This consists of a PCMCIA slot (see the bottom of the instrument). The PCMCIA slot is compatible with all common conditional access modules (CAM). The instrument also supports Premiere CAM. - Page 43 Chapter 12 - Common Interface 10911 V01.06...
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Page 44: Chapter 13 Optical Receiver (Optional)
Chapter 13 - Optical Receiver Chapter 13 Optical Receiver (optional) 13.1 Introduction RF signals are increasingly being transmitted via fibre optic cables. Optical transmission in broadband networks is gaining importance. While optical transmission in most existing networks still occurs exclusively at network level 2, the trend is moving towards fibre optic distribution up to the subscriber terminals. -
Page 45: Activating The Optical Input
Chapter 13 - Optical Receiver 13.2 Activating the optical input You can activate the instruments optical input using MODE -> Input RF/Fiber. If the instrument’s optical input is activated, “FIB XXXXnm” will appear in the display. XXXXnm stands for the wavelength set, e.g. 1310 nm. Now you can set a specific measuring range, e.g. TV. The spectrum analyzer also uses the signal from the optical receiver. -
Page 46: Measuring The Optical Modulation Index (Omi)
Chapter 13 - Optical Receiver 13.5 Measuring the optical modulation index (OMI) The optical modulation index (OMI) is comparable with the modulation index for an amplitude modulation. The amplitude (intensity) of a carrier – here, the light – is modulated. The greater the difference between the maximum intensity and the minimum intensity, the greater the OMI and the RF voltage (level) after the optical receiver. - Page 47 Chapter 13 - Optical Receiver Contamination on the optical fibres can cause the following problems: the signal path can be disrupted in the core region good physical contact can be prevented in the plug connector cause scratches and associated damage The following figure shows a typical example of a poor physical contact in a plug connector.
- Page 48 Chapter 13 - Optical Receiver The microscope image in the measuring instrument shows a large magnification of the optical fibre from above. The following image is from the Lightel DI-1000 USB microscope with an optical magnification of 200. The core of the optical fibre is visible in the centre. Typical requirements for single-mode fibres: Zone name (diameter) Scratches...
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Page 49: Operation
Chapter 13 - Optical Receiver 13.7.1 Operation The microscope range is called up by pressing the MODE -> Microscope key. Select MODE to access the image settings menu. You can activate the individual menu items with ENTER and change the parameters by using the arrow buttons or entering the number directly. Selecting the Default menu item loads the microscope’s default settings. -
Page 50: Chapter 14 Constellation Diagram (Option)
Chapter 14 - Constellation diagram Chapter 14 Constellation diagram (Option) 14.1 Introduction The constellation diagram is a graphical representation of the states of a digitally modulated signal in a two dimensional coordinate system. Individual signal states can be viewed as source vectors with I (inphase, horizontal axis) and Q (quadrature, vertical axis) components. - Page 51 Chapter 14 - Constellation diagram Ideal constellation diagram -> signal source SFU (Rohde & Schwarz) 8PSK signal with 8% I-Offset -> signal source SFU (Rohde & Schwarz) 10911 V01.06...
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Page 52: Chapter 15 Management Of The Instrument
Chapter 15 - Management of the instrument Chapter 15 Management of the instrument These functions can only be accessed when the instrument is not tuned. 15.1 Language of the user guidance The user guidance (menu interface) can be displayed in German, English, French or Italian. Use MODE ->... -
Page 53: Modulation
Chapter 15 - Management of the instrument 15.7 Modulation Use the MODE -> Modulation menu to preset the standard to DVB-S or DVB-S2. During tuning, the instrument first attempts to log into the preset standard and then tries the other. The standard with which log-in was successful then becomes the new preset standard. -
Page 54: Activating Software Options
Chapter 15 - Management of the instrument The device creates appropriate files depending on the number of occupied memory locations. For the screen copy the file name HARDCOPY_xx.BMP is used. For microscope screenshots MICROSCOPE_xx.BMP is preset. The xx is a sequential number. The device will not overwrite any existing files on the USB stick. -
Page 55: Chapter 16 Dvi Output
Chapter 16 - DVI output Chapter 16 DVI Output The measuring instrument is equipped with a DVI/HDMI interface for connecting a Full HD TV set. This allows you to check the functionality of the DVD/HDMI interface on an LCD screen, for example. The DVI interface is on the top of the instrument. -
Page 56: Chapter 17 Data Logger
Chapter 17 - DataLogger Chapter 17 DATA LOGGER The instrument is equipped with measurement data memory (a data logger). This allows you to save measured values automatically on a USB stick as an “.xml” file. The data can then be read and processed using applications such as MSExcel or OpenOfficeCalc. -
Page 57: Transferring And Evaluating The Measurements On A Pc
Chapter 17 - DataLogger 17.2 Transferring and evaluating the measurements on a PC To evaluate, document or process a set of measurements, the data must first be transferred to a PC or laptop using the USB stick. As previously mentioned, the measurement data “.xml” file on the USB stick can be read and processed by MSExcel or OpenOfficeCalc. -
Page 58: Index
Index Index 12V power supply --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 14/18 V – 22 kHz control ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19 A Accessing the analyzer -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 Acoustic level trend indicator ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 Activating software options --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54 Activating the optical input ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 Activating the remote supply ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 Activation and Configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23, 26 Analyzer --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 Automatic recording of measurement sets ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56... - Page 59 Index F Favourites list -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34 Frequency input ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 Frequency segment (SPAN) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 Front Panel with Top and Bottom Section ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 G Gerätemanagement ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 51 H Hardcopy -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53 I IF input ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 Importing a SAT list------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34 Index ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58 Inserting a CA module --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42 Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------44, 50...
- Page 60 Index P Packet error measurement --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 Picture and sound control ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 Program Service Information (PSI) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 Programming antenna wall outlets ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 Progress bar --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 R Rear panel ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 Recalling -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 Remote supply ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46 Replacing the battery ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 RF input --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 S ...
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