Related Manuals for MegiQ VNA04 Series
Summary of Contents for MegiQ VNA04 Series
- Page 1 VNA0440 – VNA0440e VNA0460 – VNA0460e Center 2,20GHz / Span 3,60GHz Center 2,20GHz / Span 3,60GHz User Manual Version 3.1...
- Page 2 VNA0440 – VNA0440e VNA0460 – VNA0460e user manual V3.1 www.megiq.com - 2 -...
- Page 3 Revision 3.1 – SW 1.7.0 – FW 1.9.001 © Copyright 2013 – 2020, MegiQ BV. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any mechanical or electronic means including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from MegiQ.
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Page 4: Table Of Contents
6. PERFORMING A MEASUREMENT .................. 16 Simple Measurement Calibration Sweep control bar Saving measurements 7. CALIBRATION ........................18 Why calibrate Calibration and Normalization Device independent calibration OSLT calibration 12-term normalization Reference plane Calibration Kits Calibration procedure Single-port calibration (OSL) www.megiq.com - 4 -... - Page 5 Saving to the session list Saving the session Opening a session Recalling measurements Deleting and renaming Export and Import Export Touchstone 13. REPORTS .........................55 Report generator Copying a single graph 14. OPTIONS ..........................57 Screen Reports 15. SPECIFICATIONS ......................62 www.megiq.com - 5 -...
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Page 6: Introduction
1. Introduction About the VNA0440 / VNA0460 series The MegiQ VNA0440 / VNA0460 series is a USB driven Vector Network Analyzer that can perform full bidirectional 2-port measurements. The e-version adds 3-port measurement, an internal programmable bias generator with bias-Tee's. -
Page 7: Features
Compact and lightweight design VNA0440e / VNA0460e • Built-in bias generator • Programmable bias voltage and current • Parametric sweeps with bias voltage / current • Additional generator port • Supports 3-port measurements • Supports external bridge measurements www.megiq.com - 7 -... -
Page 8: Cautions
(non- aggressive) solvents. UFL connectors are easy to use but fragile. Do not force them on, and pull them off straight up and without too much force. www.megiq.com - 8 -... -
Page 9: Installation
‘Data’ contains an example measurement session file. The subdirectory ‘Driver’ contains a driver description file for those installations that need this. The manual ‘MegiQ VNA Software Setup’ contains details about the installation in different Windows versions. Command line options MiQVNA [-c] [session file] -c: Clean all user settings and return to installation state. -
Page 10: Overview
The VNA04x0e has an extra generator port that can be used to measure three-port devices but since this port can not measure the impedance connected to it the three-port measurement is not fully complete. This can be completed by changing the DUT ports around. www.megiq.com - 10 -... -
Page 11: S-Parameters
The Gain S-parameters are usually represented as magnitude and phase. The phase can also be represented as a Group Delay which is a dynamic delay characteristic of a multi- port device. Block diagram MegiQ VNA04x0 Block Diagram BRIDGE BIAS-T BIAS-T BRIDGE BIAS-T FILES www.megiq.com... - Page 12 PC that holds the user interface software, used to make measurements, display and store the results. Bias circuit MegiQ VNA04x0e Bias Circuit The VNA-04x0e comes with an internal programmable bias generator that acts like a regulated V/I power supply. The range is - 12V...+12V and 1...100 mA also both...
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Page 13: Sweep Sequences
The file system of the VNA04x0 stores device dependent calibration data and functions as intermediate storage for firmware upgrades. Some of the calibration data is used internally by the VNA. The port calibration data is loaded by the VNA software when it connects to the VNA. www.megiq.com - 13 -... -
Page 14: User Interface Software
• Measure and display the results • set, save and recall measurements and set-ups • Reporting and exporting the measurement data There are five main areas on the screen of the user interface. www.megiq.com - 14 -... -
Page 15: Touch Screen
If your PC has a touch screen, you can enter parameters and file names with an on screen keyboard. Just double click on an input field to open this touch screen keyboard. Pressing a position for a few seconds will act as a Double Click. www.megiq.com - 15 -... -
Page 16: Performing A Measurement
The VNA software can run single sweeps or continuous sweeps. Some people prefer the continuous sweep mode, and this can be useful to see dynamic effects like hand effects around an antenna or changing characteristics of the DUT device. www.megiq.com - 16 -... -
Page 17: Calibration
Save-button will overwrite the last measurement in the session list. Export-button will save the measurement data to hard disk in Touch Stone format. This is a format used by e.g. RF simulation SW. www.megiq.com - 17 -... -
Page 18: Calibration
The software stores this set of calibration data, and since the MegiQ VNA is very temperature stable, you will not have to perform this calibration routine very often. But, changing cables, connectors or frequency range means that you most renew the calibration. -
Page 19: Device Independent Calibration
For small microwave devices the UFL connector is often the most appropriate to use. For multi-port measurement the MegiQ VNA also measures the isolation between the ports with a Load termination on both cable ends. They do not need to be of as high quality as the Load termination during the Load calibration. -
Page 20: Reference Plane
VNA software to compensate with the calibration element’s deviation. For test fixtures and PCB based measurements there are usually no coefficients because the measurement gets calibrated through the structure, which is hard to model or characterize. www.megiq.com - 20 -... -
Page 21: Calibration Procedure
V3.1 Calibration procedure The MegiQ VNA Sandbox and Balanced/UFL Calkits contain a double set of calibration terminations on UFL connectors. This makes two-port calibrations a lot quicker than a single Calkit. The circuit numbers are 11 for Open, 12 for Short, 13 for... -
Page 22: Single-Port Calibration (Osl)
Back in the calibration tab, the calibrations in green are already completed and the ones in red still need to be done. With the Calibrate button you can step through the calibrations. But the calibrations can also be made in any other order. www.megiq.com - 22 -... - Page 23 With the port still connected to the Load termination, Press Sweep. In the Smith chart all measurement points should now be close to the centre (50Ω) and in the Return Loss chart all points should be better then 40dB. www.megiq.com - 23 -...
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Page 24: 2-Port Calibration (Oslt)
An Isolation calibration is also required. Normally a Calkit has one termination of each kind, so there are 8 calibration steps. The MegiQ UFL tools have a dual calibration kit so that calibration steps can be combined. This reduces the calibration to 4 steps. -
Page 25: Embedding
For connector measurements a similar procedure can be used. • Calibrate the cables etc with the VNA Sandbox OSL terminations. • On the DUT, open the circuit where the desired measuring point is located: remove components or cut the trace at that point. www.megiq.com - 25 -... - Page 26 It is also possible to perform this procedure with shorting the measuring point to ground and use the Set Short button. With a two-port measurement a through measurement can be used to deembed the through path. www.megiq.com - 26 -...
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Page 27: Measurement Settings
Sweep parameters always yield one more measurement point than the number of steps: the endpoint of the sequence will be included. Screen The screen tab minimizes the control panel in order to maximize the graph area. www.megiq.com - 27 -... -
Page 28: Measure
During calibration the software needs to know what type of connectors are used on the ports (cables) so that it can select the correct Calibration Kit element for correcting the calibration. This port configuration can be set up through the Port Setup button. This brings up the Port Configuration screen. www.megiq.com - 28 -... -
Page 29: Sweep
The sweep tab shows the VNA parameters and which of them are involved in a sweep (blue arrow) and which are fixed value (blue vertical bar). www.megiq.com - 29 -... - Page 30 Nested sweeps Power-Frequency sweep shown here has two sweep parameters: Power and Frequency. A sweep is performed from top to bottom: for each step in the upper parameter a sweep of the lower parameter is performed. www.megiq.com - 30 -...
- Page 31 (through an amplifier for example) will not exceed the maximum measurement power of the detector. The steps used for a particular sweep level are those of the left parameter. www.megiq.com - 31 -...
- Page 32 Then use the buttons to select the parameters for the sweep. This process goes from top to bottom, so the lowest parameter selected will be the one that yields measurement traces. Store the sweep using the Save button. www.megiq.com - 32 -...
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Page 33: Generator
The measurement speed for Slow / Medium / Fast are approximately 4 / 2 / 1 ms per point respectively. www.megiq.com - 33 -... -
Page 34: Bias
2V. Calibration This panel controls the calibration settings of the measurement and allows the user to step through the calibration procedure. This procedure is explained in detail elsewhere in this manual. www.megiq.com - 34 -... - Page 35 Cal VNA button can be used to force an internal calibration. This is usually not necessary because it is handled automatically. www.megiq.com - 35 -...
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Page 36: Display
(or double-click) to open a dialogue box with a list of graphs available for this signal. Pick your graph from the list and it will appear on screen. More about the graph types later in this manual. www.megiq.com - 36 -... - Page 37 The deembedding parameters can be entered manually in picoseconds and decibels, or an Open or Short measurement can be used with the Set Open Set Short buttons. This process is explained in the section about Calibration. www.megiq.com - 37 -...
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Page 38: Calibration Kit Manager
With the arrows you can move a Cal Kit up or down in the list. The list position provides a priority in case there are multiple Cal Kits with the same connector. The software will assign a calibration element from the highest Cal Kit in the list. www.megiq.com - 38 -... -
Page 39: Cal Element Definitions
(or adapter). The Delay is the distance (travel time) from the reference plane to the actual calibration impedance. The Loss is the skin effect loss of that transmission line. The other coefficient definitions depend of the type of the Cal Element. Open Element www.megiq.com - 39 -... - Page 40 Several Cal Kits have all these coefficients at zero. Load Element For the Load element the actual termination impedance can be specified. Through Element The Through element has no coefficients other than Delay and Loss. www.megiq.com - 40 -...
- Page 41 (S11, S22). It is recommended to have 10MHz or less between sample points. The optional Resample feature can be used to limit the frequency range or decrease the number of samples to store. www.megiq.com - 41 -...
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Page 42: Graphs
Waves. A value of 1 represents a perfect match and a perfect mismatch (open or short circuit) gives an infinite value. Impedance The impedance graph is a straight representation of the measured impedance magnitude and its phase. www.megiq.com - 42 -... -
Page 43: Gain Graphs
VNA also has the opportunity to measure the impedance that the receiving port presents (through the test setup) to the signal source. This Sink Impedance can be presented in a Smith Chart. www.megiq.com - 43 -... -
Page 44: Graph Control
Markers can only be set on a measurement point. For traces with few measurement points it can be a little difficult to find the nearest measurement point. The Show Trace Points feature can be used to mark each trace point so it can be found easily. www.megiq.com - 44 -... - Page 45 D2: Phase axis only: double click on the phase axis will toggle it to Group Delay mode and back to Phase. • D3 (not shown): Double click on a Smith chart to toggle trace labels on or off. www.megiq.com - 45 -...
- Page 46 Right clicking on different locations shows the context menu of the graph. It mostly has the same list with available options enabled. Only the two upper items are different depending on the location or axis where it was pulled up. www.megiq.com - 46 -...
- Page 47 Drag a graph by grabbing the title bar and drag it over another graph. A blue square indicates where the graph will land. In the above left picture the Impedance graph is being dragged to the left of the Smith chart, resulting in the ordering in the right picture. www.megiq.com - 47 -...
- Page 48 Since the distance to the center of the Smith Chart is a measure of the match, it is possible to draw circles of constant Return Loss around the center, as in the left graph above. The right graph shows circles of constant SWR. www.megiq.com - 48 -...
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Page 49: Match Calculator And Simulator
A match circuit consisting of a combination of reactive components like capacitors and inductors is commonly used to transform the antenna impedance to the desired values. The MegiQ VNA software has a match calculator that makes it easy to design this match circuit and to simulate the results in real-time. -
Page 50: Matching Procedure
(50Ohm) to increase the -10dB bandwidth to 340MHz. Use the Select button to select the desired matching circuit. The software will apply this circuit on the Smith chart and show the result of the match. Use the Copy Match www.megiq.com - 50 -... - Page 51 We have modified the labelling of the matching circuit for clarity. on the left side is the Measured impedance that needs to be matched and on the right side is the (normally) 50 Ohm side. www.megiq.com - 51 -...
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Page 52: Session Manager
Do not forget to save the Session to disk before exiting the program. To do this press the diskette-icon to overwrite or the icon to the right to choose for a new file on disk. (a file dialogue box will appear). www.megiq.com - 52 -... -
Page 53: Opening A Session
After loading an imported measurement you have to add the graphs to the screen manually. You can then save the measurement with the display setup. Export Touchstone The Export Touchstone screen is used to select measurement items to export and where to export them to. www.megiq.com - 53 -... - Page 54 The software will confirm the number of files exported. The Touchstone format allows for different types of data format. These options can be selected in the export screen. The ‘CSV’ setting will write a CSV file with the .CSV extension. www.megiq.com - 54 -...
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Page 55: Reports
Print preview screen. The exact screen layout of the graph area is printed to this screen, along with the filename, measurement name and VNA settings. These can be changed manually in the text boxes. www.megiq.com - 55 -... -
Page 56: Copying A Single Graph
The Print menu item will open the report screen for the whole graph area. Copying a single graph You can copy single graph by using the Copy item in the graph context menu. www.megiq.com - 56 -... -
Page 57: Options
Set screen size: For generating reports it may be useful to always use a certain screen size. This can be selected with these buttons. A custom size can be entered or taken from the current screen size. www.megiq.com - 57 -... -
Page 58: Reports
Hide admittance lines: this lets you hide admittance lines in Smith Charts. These lines can make the graph very busy and difficult to read. • Graph logo: Allows setting a logo to be printed in the right bottom corner of the graphs. www.megiq.com - 58 -... -
Page 59: Vna
Copy Info: Copy the list info. • Firmware: Opens a screen to upload new firmware. Connection screen When running the VNA software in a virtual machine, the software may not automatically detect when the VNA is connected. www.megiq.com - 59 -... - Page 60 VNA. Firmware screen This screen is for uploading new firmware to the VNA. • VNA Info: The same VNA info as in the VNA screen. • Firmware files: List of files to be uploaded. www.megiq.com - 60 -...
- Page 61 This feature can also be used to install other kind of files or control options created by MegiQ. These files may be locked to a particular Device ID. www.megiq.com - 61 -...
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Page 62: Specifications
8 ... 24 DC power consuption interface USB 2.0 USB 2.0 measurement speed 1000 1000 pts/s sweep length > 100k > 100k points dimensions 145 x 82 x 32 145 x 82 x 32 RF-connectors extension connector www.megiq.com - 62 -... - Page 63 VNA0440 – VNA0440e More from MegiQ VNA0460 – VNA0460e user manual V3.1 VNA Sandbox For those that are new to RF development we have created the VNA Sandbox. This kit contains a PCB with a dual UFL calibration kit and all kinds of 1-port and 2-port circuits such as resonant circuits, filters, antennas and active circuits.
- Page 64 VNA0440 – VNA0440e VNA0460 – VNA0460e user manual V3.1 www.megiq.com www.megiq.com - 64 -...
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