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UM2742
User manual
High-power RFID reader system based on ST25RU3993
Introduction
®
The ST25RU3993-HPEV is a high-power RAIN
(UHF) RFID reader system based on the
integrated reader IC ST25RU3993.
The purpose of ST25RU3993-HPEV is to provide a comprehensive RAIN RFID reader
system that allows the user to evaluate the properties and the features of ST25RU3993. To
achieve this goal the ST25RU3993-HPEV board, differently from a typical reference design
approach, combines a high RF power and a low RF power RFID reader on a single PCB.
Additionally, the ST25RU3993-HPEV board has been outfitted with numerous easy to
access test points and measurement possibilities. With minor modification effort it is
possible to change the architecture of the reader. For example, it is possible to control the
RF circuitry with external MCU or vice versa. Bypassing the external on-board power
amplifier or alternate antenna configurations are additional possibilities.
The ST25RU3993-HPEV is controlled by a graphical user interface (GUI) running on a host
PC. The corresponding interface is a USB/UART bridge (requires driver installation). The
GUI can be found on dedicated pages on www.st.com.
The board supports tuning the radio frequency from 840 to 960 MHz. and provides two SMB
(male) antenna connectors that can be controlled via the GUI. To enable scanning for RAIN
RFID transponders connect a suitable 50 Ω UHF antenna for the targeted frequency range.
Figure 1. ST25RU3993-HPEV board
August 2020
UM2742 Rev 1
1/44
www.st.com
1
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Summary of Contents for ST ST25RU3993
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Page 1: Figure 1. St25Ru3993-Hpev Board
IC ST25RU3993. The purpose of ST25RU3993-HPEV is to provide a comprehensive RAIN RFID reader system that allows the user to evaluate the properties and the features of ST25RU3993. To achieve this goal the ST25RU3993-HPEV board, differently from a typical reference design approach, combines a high RF power and a low RF power RFID reader on a single PCB. -
Page 2: Table Of Contents
Contents UM2742 Contents Standard connection setup ........5 Board features . - Page 3 Table 3. MCU - SPI interface and ST25RU3993 connections ......14 Table 4.
- Page 4 ST25RU3993-HPEV functional diagram........
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Page 5: Standard Connection Setup
The host PC running the GUI is connected via a Micro-USB cable. The external power amplifier on the ST25RU3993-HPEV board is powered through the 6 V power adapter and must be connected when the external PA TX option is used. The antenna is connected to the active antenna port through a coaxial cable. - Page 6 Standard connection setup UM2742 UHF tag RSSI measurement Configurable SELECT command mask UHF transponder EPC Read / Write Transponder read based applications trigger Custom reader TX command editor tool Customizable Gen2 TX commands Direct TX modulation through MCU for proprietary protocol support ...
- Page 7 UM2742 Standard connection setup – Control voltage of internal VCO – RF power detector output voltage – 20 MHz reference signal – External PA BIAS voltage – LDO output voltages – LDO outputs: jumpers for current consumption measurement – Main supply: jumper for current consumption measurement –...
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Page 8: Figure 3. St25Ru3993-Hpev Functional Diagram
Standard connection setup UM2742 Figure 3. ST25RU3993-HPEV functional diagram VBUS 5V VBUS 5V 3.3V DC power jack LDO: LDO: TCXO: Crystal: OD: 6.4 mm (optional) LD39100PUR LD39100PUR TXEAADSANF-20 ID: 2.1 mm NX3225SA-20 OSCO 3.3V 3.6V VBUS 5V OSCI USB/UART SPI (Mode 1) -
Page 9: Hardware Description
An additional low-pass filter stage is integrated in ST25RU3993 and is part of the loop filter circuit. The loop filter output is the control voltage of the internal VCO. - Page 10 DD_B ST25RU3993 itself. L3 and L4 act as a RF choke, C57 and C58 as bypass capacitors and C65 and C54 as DC blocking capacitors. The signal then proceeds to the external power amplifier to generate a high-power output signal with approximately 31 dBm in ST25RU3993-HPEV default transmit power configuration.
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Page 11: Figure 4. Power Detector Voltage Characteristics
ST25RU3993. The main directional coupler plays a very important role in the RFID reader system as its parasitics have a great influence on the sensitivity of the reader. The main... -
Page 12: Microcontroller And Connections
The isolated port of the main directional coupler is connected to a 2:1 balun to transform the incoming tag response signal to a 100 Ω differential signal that is fed into ST25RU3993 receiver section at pins MIX_INP (4) and MIX_INN (6). -
Page 13: Figure 5. Main Digital Interfaces
UM2742 Hardware description Figure 5. Main digital interfaces MS53587V1 The ST25RU3993-HPEV is controlled by STM32L476RG, a ultra-low-power MCU with FPU Arm Cortex-M4 core, 80 MHz, 1 Mbyte Flash memory, LCD, USB OTG, DFSDM. UM2742 Rev 1 13/44... -
Page 14: Table 3. Mcu - Spi Interface And St25Ru3993 Connections
The MCU communicates with the ST25RU3993 via an SPI interface controlling the ST25RU3993 lines ENABLE and IRQ. The SPI interface operates in mode 1 with a 6 MHz serial clock. The SPI interface is also used to control the digital tunable capacitors for the carrier cancellation circuit. -
Page 15: Table 5. Uart Connections And Pinout
Hardware description Table 4. SPI interface pinout at J10, J12 and J13 (continued) Component U5 Component U6 Component U7 Component U8 ST25RU3993 pin DTC1 pin DTC2 pin DTC3 pin Connector pin number Name Number Name Number Name Number Name Number... -
Page 16: Table 7. Mcu Connections To Leds
Hardware description UM2742 Table 7. MCU connections to LEDs Component U1 MCU pin 1 (C) 1 (C) PC10 1 (C) 1 (C) PC12 1 (C) 1 (C) PB12 1 (C) PB13 1 (C) PC11 1 (C) PB14 1 (C) PB15 1 (C) 1 (C) 1 (C) -
Page 17: Firmware Programming
The simplest way to program a new firmware version to the MCU is by connecting the ST25RU3993-HPEV board to the host PC with the micro USB cable and use the Firmware Update function of the GUI. For more information about this option refer to the user manual of the GUI. -
Page 18: Figure 6. Jlink Connection Using The Needle Adapter
Hardware description UM2742 Figure 6. JLink connection using the needle adapter 18/44 UM2742 Rev 1... -
Page 19: Boot Mode
MS53599V1 Power supply The ST25RU3993-HPEV is supplied through the USB Interface (VBAT) and an external 6 V supply connected to J14 a DC power jack. J14 has a hot inner contact with 2.1 mm diameter suitable for a 5.5 mm barrel plug. -
Page 20: Table 10. Typical Voltage Levels
Hardware description UM2742 The 5V (VBAT) supply rail is distributed to two low-dropout regulators which supply: LDO U9 – for powering digital components (3V3), LDO U10 - for powering RF components (VSUP) The 6 V DC input is dedicated to supply the power amplifier supply via an LDO U11 regulating the supply rail VPA. - Page 21 UM2742 Hardware description Table 11. Connection of components (continued) Voltage domain Schematic Component(s) Pin name(s) Pin number(s) VPD1 VPD2 Power amplifier VPA (4.1 V) (Figure VBIAS 1. Via ferrite bead FB3. 2. Via pull-up resistor R61. 3. Via push button B2. 4.
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Page 22: Test Points
Hardware description UM2742 Test points The ST25RU3993-HPEV board provides several test points (see Figure 8) that allow the user to test and evaluate circuit nodes in the ST25RU3993 reader design. Figure 8. Test points 3.3 V VSUP ATP3 ATP1 ATP4... -
Page 23: Analog Test Points
UM2742 Hardware description 2.6.1 Analog test points Table 12. Connections of analog test points Component Name Number Name Number Name Number ATP1 OSCO ATP2 VCO (LF_CEXT) Test point ATP3 VBIAS ATP4 Table 13. Supply voltages of analog test points 5 V (VBAT) 3V3 digital supply VSUP RF VPA power amplifier... -
Page 24: Digital Test Points
In addition to the four test points shown above a test point for each LED connected to the STM32L476RG controller is available. PLL OK Indicates that the PLL of ST25RU3993 is locked and the carrier frequency is stable. OSC OK Active low. -
Page 25: Figure 10. Rf Test Points
UM2742 Hardware description Figure 10. RF test points RF-TP1 RF-TP2 RF-TP3 RF-TP4 MS54019V1 UM2742 Rev 1 25/44... -
Page 26: Table 14. Rf Test Points - Default Power Levels
Figure 11. Connecting to the RF test points with the SMA adapter Table 14 lists the typical power levels that can be expected while the ST25RU3993-HPEV board operates in its default configuration. Table 14. RF test points – Default power levels... -
Page 27: Schematics
UM2742 Schematics Schematics Table 15. List of schematics Module Reference System overview Figure 12 UHF RFID reader IC Figure 13 External power amplifier Figure 14 Carrier cancellation circuit Figure 15 Antenna switch Figure 16 RF shield Figure 17 USB supply / UART switch Figure 18 Microcontroller Figure 19... -
Page 28: Figure 12. System Overview
Figure 12. System overview Title Page UHF RFID Reader Title_Page_HP.SchDoc UHF_RFID_HP.SchDoc Power Amplifier Carrier Cancellation Antenna Switch Power_Amplifier_HP.SchDoc Carrier_Cancellation_HP.SchDoc Antenna_Switch_HP.SchDoc 93_RF_OUT 93_RF_OUT TX_RX TX_RX 93_intPA 93_intPA ext_PA_BIAS ANT_SW_V2 RF_Detector 93_Signals ANT_SW_V1 Project Page PA_SW_V1 Project_Page_HP.SchDoc OSCO PA_SW_V2 RX_D RX_D Carrier_Cancellation Mechanical Mechanical_HP.SchDoc USB Interface... -
Page 29: Figure 13. Uhf Rfid Reader Ic
0R DNP VDD_B 220nF 120pF OSCO 120pF 30nH 93_Signals BD0810J50100A00 VBPD 0R DNP OAD2 RFO_N OAD2 2u2F 30 pF 82pF LF_CEXT ST25RU3993 3n9F 150pF 15pF 3n6H 100nF RFO_P SCLK RFOPX Low ESL 30nH RFO_N VDD_IO RFONX 5p6F 1p2F Balun PAOUT_P... -
Page 30: Figure 14. External Power Amplifier
Figure 14. External power amplifier 93_intPA C104 0.47uF C107 82pF PA_SW_V1 COAX JACK COAX JACK C108 PA_OUT 93_RF_OUT PA_SW_V2 SP2T 82pF TQP9107 C109 LP_Filter_IN 82pF EXT_PA_BIAS 20 dB Dir Coupler LP_Filter_OUT Input Input Direct Direct 0.47uF 100R Coupled Coupled Isolated Isolated 249R C105... -
Page 31: Figure 15. Carrier Cancellation Circuit
Figure 15. Carrier cancellation circuit MISO MOSI MOSI ETC_1 ETC_1 ETC_2 Carrier_Cancellation ETC_2 ETC_3 ETC_3 COAX JACK Input Input Direct Direct TX_RX Coupled Coupled Isolated Isolated RX_N RX_D 10dB Dir Coupler RX_P BD0810J50100A00 1p6F 120pF 2u2F PE64906MLAA-Z 6n8H 2u2F 120pF PE64906MLAA-Z 6n2H 110R... -
Page 32: Figure 16. Antenna Switch
Figure 16. Antenna switch 82pF SMB JACK STR 50OHM EDGE MNT ANT_SW_V1 C112 TX_RX 82pF ANT_SW_V2 SP2T 82pF SMB JACK STR 50OHM EDGE MNT Figure 17. RF shield SHIELD1 CRS-50.80X38.1... -
Page 33: Figure 18. Usb Supply / Uart Bridge
Figure 18. USB supply / UART bridge Header 2H VBUS 31 Ohm 6u8F 4u7F 100nF UReset Low ESL 2u2F 2u2F UART_TX 3V3OUT UART_RX UART UART_RTS μUSB UART_DTR USB6B1 3V3OUT RTS# 744231091 R41 27R CTS# D_CMC_N D_CON_N D_ESD_N USBDM DTR# D_CON_P D_ESD_P DSR# D_CMC_P... -
Page 34: Figure 19. Microcontroller
Figure 19. Microcontroller RF_Detector MISO MISO MOSI MOSI MCU_LED Reset UART_RTS Boot0 UART_DTR STM32L476RGT6 UART 93_Signals UART_RX UART_TX OAD2 OAD2 UART_LOG_TX ETC_1 PA_SW_V2 ETC_1 MISO TAG_LED ETC_2 Carrier_Cancellation ETC_2 MOSI ETC_3 ETC_3 ETC_3 ETC_2 Plug_Enable ETC_1 RF_LED PA10 PA10 PC10 PC10 TUNED_LED PA11... -
Page 35: Figure 20. Supply Ldos
Figure 20. Supply LDOs J5 Header3_THMD DNP LD39100PUR VBUS 0.47uF 0.47uF 3.3V 31k6 2u2F 2u2F J20 Header3_THMD DNP LD39100PUR VSUP VBUS 0.47uF 0.47uF 3.6V 35k7 2u2F 2u2F J21 Header3_THMD DNP PA_LDO_EN LD39200PUR 100K 0.47uF 0.47uF 31 Ohm Plug_Enable 90.9k C106 2u2F 2u2F 2u2F... -
Page 36: Figure 21. External Interfaces And Connections
Figure 21. External interfaces and connections MOSI MISO SWDIO Header3_THMD DNP SWCLK JLINK ETC_1 Carrier_Cancellation ETC_2 ETC_3 MUC_RESET_N Header3_THMD DNP TC2050-IDC-FP OAD2 OSCO OSCO 93_Signals EXT_PA_BIAS EXT_PA_BIAS Header6_THMD DNP RF_Detector UART_RTS Header3_THMD DNP Header3_THMD DNP Header3_THMD DNP UART_DTR UART UART_TX UART_RX Header4_THMD - DNP PA_SW_V2... -
Page 37: Pcb
UM2742 The ST25RU3993-HPEV board has in total six layers. The dielectric material between all copper layers is FR-4 type. No blind or buried vias are used. Table 16. PCB stack Layer Dielectric Scheme Name Type Material Th (mm) Material Ɛ... -
Page 38: Figure 22. Top Layer Layout
UM2742 Figure 22. Top layer layout 38/44 UM2742 Rev 1... -
Page 39: Figure 23. Rf Gnd Layer (L2), Gnd Layer (L4) And Bottom Layer (L6) Layout
UM2742 Figure 23. RF GND layer (L2), GND layer (L4) and bottom layer (L6) layout UM2742 Rev 1 39/44... -
Page 40: Figure 24. Power Layer (L3) Layout
UM2742 Figure 24. Power layer (L3) layout 40/44 UM2742 Rev 1... -
Page 41: Figure 25. Routing Layer (L5) Layout
UM2742 Figure 25. Routing layer (L5) layout UM2742 Rev 1 41/44... -
Page 42: Electrical Characteristics
Electrical characteristics UM2742 Electrical characteristics Violating the values listed inTable 17 may damage the reader. Correct operation is not guaranteed when operating outside these specifications. Table 17. Absolute maximum ratings Operation temperature 0 °C to +55 °C Storage temperature 30 °C to +85 °C DC supply voltage +6.5 V Table 18. -
Page 43: Revision History
UM2742 Revision history Revision history Table 19. Document revision history Date Revision Changes 10-Aug-2020 Initial release. UM2742 Rev 1 43/44... - Page 44 ST products and/or to this document at any time without notice. Purchasers should obtain the latest relevant information on ST products before placing orders. ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale in place at the time of order acknowledgement.
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