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Related Manuals for DVC DigitEyes Series
Summary of Contents for DVC DigitEyes Series
- Page 1 Technical Manual for DVC’s DigitEyes Cameras Manual Number: 86-0001-03 Release Date: December 29, 1996 DVC Company 7101 Midwood Parkway Austin, TX 78736 Phone : 512 301-9564 Fax No: 512-288-2961 e-mail: sales@dvcco.com WWW: http://www.dvcco.com...
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Page 2: Table Of Contents
4.2.2 Multiplexer with Transfer Gates and Serial Register: ..............8 4.2.3 Correlated-Clamp-Sample-and-Hold (CCSH) Amplifier with Charge Detection Nodes:....10 5. DVC CAMERA OPTIONS AND SPECIAL MODIFICATIONS............11 5.1 TYPICAL MODE CONTROL TABLES ...................11 5.1.1 “N” Field Integration, Pulse Driven Integration & Asynchronous Reset : ........11 5.1.2 “N”... - Page 3 8.2.6 Do I need to cool the camera?....................36 8.3 PRODUCT FEATURES........................37 8.3.1 What is the single, most important reason to buy a DVC camera vs. the "competition"? .....37 8.3.2 Can you define the term signal-to-noise ratio ? ................37 8.3.3 How are Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and sensitivity related? ............38 8.3.4 How do the DVC cameras compare with the "mega-pixel"...
- Page 4 8.4.5 What is the image format of the CCD ? ..................47 8.4.6 What is meant by pseudo-interlaced operation ?.................47 8.4.7 Can the pseudo-interlaced operation be disabled ? ..............48 8.4.8 What is anti-blooming ?......................48 8.4.9 Can anti-blooming be disabled ? ....................50 8.4.10 What is meant by integration time ?..................
- Page 5 ABLE INOUT OF EMOTE BOX CONNECTOR MARKED 5-3: "Y" DB-37 "D") ........26 ABLE CABLE INOUT OF IGITAL CONNECTOR MARKED 7-1: DVC-0A O ....................32 ABLE RDERING XAMPLE 7-2: DVC-10 O ....................32 ABLE RDERING XAMPLE 9-1: P DB-37 ( ......53 ABLE SSIGNMENTS FOR THE...
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Page 6: Introduction
(for multiple camera synchronization, removal of the sensor faceplate for UV applications are options that are available upon request. All DVC cameras come with a standard 2 year warranty and use industry-standard C-mount lenses. In today's state-of-the-art digital video applications, the parallel 8 or 10 bit digital data can be serialized and transmitted via fiber optic cable or over other channels. -
Page 7: Camera Specifications
2. CAMERA SPECIFICATIONS: 2.1 OPTICAL Optical Filtering IR filter (optional; see Figure 2-1 & 2-3) Spectral Response See Figure 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 Sensitivity (without IR filter) @ 2850°K 0.5 Lux (0.05 fc) @ CCD for 100 IRE video (Signal-to-Noise Ratio ≥ 62 dB) S pectral res pons e in Vis ible region (U V res pons e obs erved to 200nm with CCD faceplate removed;... -
Page 8: Digital Video Output
I R F i l t e r S p e c i f i c a t i o n s 1 0 0 % 9 0 % 8 0 % 7 0 % 6 0 % 5 0 % 4 0 % 3 0 % 2 0 %... -
Page 9: Dvc Camera Functional Description
3. DVC Camera Functional Description Sensor and Video Board Analog to Digital Board (optional) RS-170 Output Video Processor: Imaging 3 Channel 3 Channel pre- 3 : 1 Gain & Offset Area AD-10 or AD-08 amplifier: Analog Gamma multiplexer board: Sync Insertion... -
Page 10: Analog Video Processing
this section that the three channels of video must be "equalized" before they can be multiplexed into a single channel of video. In order to accomplish this, two channels are provided with variable gain and offset; one channel (considered the reference channel) has a fixed gain and offset. -
Page 11: Tc-245 Ccd Details
4. TC-245 CCD Details Note: This information has been derived from the Texas Instruments Databook Titled "Area Array Image Sensor Products". © Texas Instruments 1994 • Frame Transfer CCD Technology. Contiguous pixels for 100% fill factor. No "dead space" between pixels. •... -
Page 12: Figure 4-2: Tc-245 Mechanical
The Image Sensing area of the TC-245 is configured into 242 lines with 786 elements in each line. 29 elements are provided in each line for dark reference. The blooming protection feature of the sensor is based on recombining excess charge with charge of opposite polarity in the substrate. -
Page 13: Functional Description
4.2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: The TC-245 consists of four basic functional blocks: 1. Image-sensing area 2. Image-storage area 3. Multiplexer block with serial registers and transfer gates 4. The low-noise signal processing amplifier block with charge detection nodes. The location of each of these blocks is identified in the functional block diagram. 4.2.1 Image Sensing and Storage Area: As light enters the silicon in the image sensing area, free electrons are generated and are collected in the potential wells of the sensing elements. -
Page 14: Figure 4-3: Tc-245 Gate Level
Figure 4-3: TC-245 Gate Level Drawing (© Texas Instruments, 1994) -
Page 15: Correlated-Clamp-Sample-And-Hold (Ccsh) Amplifier With Charge Detection Nodes
Figure 4-4: TC-245 CCSH Amplifier Circuit (© Texas Instruments, 1994) 4.2.3 Correlated-Clamp-Sample-and-Hold (CCSH) Amplifier with Charge Detection Nodes: Charge is converted into a video signal by transferring the charge onto a floating diffusion structure in detection node 1 that is connected to the gate of a MOS transistor Q1. The proportional charge-induced signal is then processed by the circuit shown above. -
Page 16: Dvc Camera Options And Special Modifications
• Board Level Cameras (for OEMs) • Silicon Graphics Inc (SGI) INDY & INDIGO2 Digital Compatibility - Call DVC for an update ! • Electronically tunable (350nm to 1100nm) solid state LCD filter with fast switching for sequential RGB and other multi-spectral applications; Call DVC for info ! •... -
Page 17: N" Field Integration; 4 Values Of "N", Two-Speed Electronic Shutter, Pulse Driven Integration & Asynchronous Reset
5.1.2 “N” Field Integration; 4 values of “N”, Two-speed Electronic Shutter, Pulse Driven Integration & Asynchronous Reset: DB-37 pins Mode Reset pin 17 “N” Field Integration (N = 2) Integ. period = 33.33ms inactive “N” Field Integration (N = 4) Integ. period = 66.66ms inactive “N”... -
Page 18: Figure 5-2: Shutter Mode Details
Since the pseudo-interlacing is enabled during this mode, two distinct fields are obtained. For a stationary object in the field-of-view, this produces two interlaced fields; or full vertical resolution. Since the two integration periods are 1/60 sec apart, any movement in the field-of-view between the two integration periods will be seen as inter-field flicker. -
Page 19: Pulse Driven Integration Mode
5.3 PULSE DRIVEN INTEGRATION MODE: For integration periods greater than 1/1000 sec, the following process (called Pulse Driven Integration) is followed. The camera operates in the standard mode (Integration Period = 1/60 sec) as long as all the mode control pins are High. Due to internal pull-up resistors, this is the default mode. -
Page 20: N Field Integration
Note(s): (1) Only one field (or half the normal vertical resolution) per integration period is obtained. (2) Since charge transfer is initiated only when the RESET pulse is asserted (LOW), there is no image generated by the camera except the one field due to each INTEGRATION sequence.Therefore the monitor screen remains blank, until the next INTEGRATION sequence is initiated by the next falling edge of RESET. - Page 21 The Integration Period has a duration of N fields; image transfer and readout begin immediately. The total integration time is therefore can be computed as follows: = N * (16.66mS) - (CCD flush period) Where N is the number of fields during which charge is accumulated on the CCD. For N = 6, the nominal integration period is 6 * 16.66mS = 99.99mS.
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Page 22: Asynchronous Reset And Genlock
5.5 Asynchronous Reset and Genlock 5.5.1 Standard Mode: The standard mode of operation results from an internally generated clock which is derived from an internal crystal oscillator. The frame rate of 30 Hz is independent of any external event. In some applications, it is necessary to synchronize the camera to external events. Two methods are available: 1. -
Page 23: Genlock Mode
5.5.2.1 Asynchronous Reset and Shutter: The ASYNCHRONOUS RESET option has been found to work successfully with Shutter option. 5.5.2.2 Video Amplitude in Asynchronous Reset Mode: The readout following the interrupted field will have a video amplitude that is proportionally lower than the standard video amplitude, due to a shorter integration period. -
Page 24: Gain And Offset
DVC for details. The following options affect only the Analog Video on DVC-0A, DVC-08 and DVC-10 cameras. For information on Digital Video gain / offset control, see Frequently Asked Questions ! 5.6.2 Manual External Gain Control:... -
Page 25: Manual External Offset Control
5.6.2.2 Default: The camera defaults to max. gain if the external "black box" is not plugged into a camera that has been modified for EGC. 5.6.3 Manual External Offset Control: If this option is installed, the internal analog offset control potentiometer is replaced by an external multi-turn potentiometer that is installed on an external "black box". -
Page 26: Computer Driven External Gain Control
The increase of gain increases the noise that is present on the video signal; the signal-to-noise ratio of the analog video signal is considerably degraded in low-light, high gain situations. However, some scientific applications benefit greatly from this function. Since DVC cameras have much higher signal-to-noise ratios than average analog video cameras, they produce much less noise (even in low-light, high gain situations) than most competing products. -
Page 27: Computer Driven External Offset Control
5.6.5 Computer Driven External Offset Control: If this option is installed, the internal analog offset control potentiometer is removed and the offset control function is performed by feeding a variable DC voltage to the camera via DB-37 connector (pin 18 is used for the offset control DC voltage). This control voltage may be generated from any external source, including (but not limited to) a Digital-to-Analog converter on an Image Processor or computer peripheral board. -
Page 28: Automatic Gain Control (Agc)
However, some applications benefit greatly from the AGC and Auto-Iris functions. Since DVC cameras have much higher signal-to-noise ratios than average analog video cameras, they produce much less noise (even in low-light, high gain situations) than most competing products. -
Page 29: Remote Control Box
5.7 REMOTE CONTROL BOX: If the external analog gain & offset control options are installed in a camera, a special remote control box may be connected to the DB-37 connector of the camera via a cable. Cable (with DB-37 male connector) Strain Relief Offset adjust (10 turn pot with precision,... -
Page 30: Custom Cable Splitter ("Y" Cable)
This is a custom cable (often referred to as a Y-cable or a T-cable) that is used in applications where it is necessary to access the DB-37 connector of a DVC “DigitEyes” camera (DVC-0A, DVC-08 or DVC-10) camera at two separate interfaces. -
Page 31: Table 5-3: "Y" Cable : Pinout Of
FRAME DATA VALID (-) COMPOSITE SYNC (+) COMPOSITE SYNC (-) FIELD INDEX (+) FIELD INDEX (-) VIDEO DB9 (+) (LSB FOR DVC-10) VIDEO DB9 (-) (LSB FOR DVC-10) VIDEO DB8 (+) VIDEO DB8 (-) VIDEO DB7 (+) (LSB FOR DVC-08) -
Page 32: Gamma Correction
5.9 Gamma Correction 5.9.1 Definition: Gamma is a measure of the linearity of the camera’s response to light. The CCD is inherently a linear device. The output signal is directly proportional to the scene llumination (or exposure). Doubling the exposure, will double the output signal. The phosphors that are used to make monitors are non-linear;... -
Page 33: Fixed Gamma Settings In Dvc Cameras
5.9.3 Fixed Gamma Settings in DVC Cameras: There are three possible settings for Gamma in DVC cameras: • Gamma = 1.0; This is the default and is ideal for image processing applications ! Most image processing applications use the linear response of the CCD to measure the relative brightness of objects within the field of view. -
Page 34: Access Ports
However, some scientific applications benefit greatly from the External Gain Control function. Since DVC cameras have much higher signal-to-noise ratios than average analog video cameras, they produce much less noise (even in low-light, high gain situations) than most competing products. -
Page 35: Accesss Port For Digital Offset Control
1.0 are obtained in between the two extreme positions. 6. DVC Camera Image Processor Compatibility Note: The Analog Video (RS-170) Output of the DVC-0A, DVC-08 and DVC-10 will work with all Image Processors that can accept standard RS-170 Video, including but not limited to, the boards on the following list. -
Page 36: Ibm-Pc
Snapper BIB Available from DVC 6.6 SGI Digital Manufacturer Board name / no. Comments / Status DVC can build a box to match this parallel, digital video interface Indy DVC can build a box to match this parallel, digital video... -
Page 37: Ordering Information & Model Index
Table 7-2: DVC-10 Ordering Example Mfr. Bits Synch. Elect. “N” Pulse Optical Analog Analog Access Analog options Shutter Field Driven Filter Gain Offset Ports Gamma Integ. Integ. Example Model no: DVC-10-2001-00011 with 3 access ports: for analog video gain, digital video gain and offset. -
Page 38: Frequently Asked Questions (Adapted From Dvc's Www Site)
The DVC-0A, DVC-08 and DVC-10 cameras are identical in appearance and size. The user can purchase a DVC-0A "baseline" RS-170 analog video only camera for a system that is not setup to handle digital video. The DVC-0A can then be sent to the factory for an upgrade to convert it... -
Page 39: What Kind Of A Warranty Is Available On Dvc Products
DVC-08 or a DVC-10 for a nominal upgrade fee (in addition to the difference in the list price of the two models). This enables the user to purchase a camera that will "grow" with his system. No other changes in the power supply, optics or system design are required. Of course, a digital interface cable will be required to use the digital video output. -
Page 40: Should I Use A Digital Or An Analog Camera
The digitization of the video to 10 bits (in a DVC-10) ensures that all 10 bits truly represent data. In a conventional analog video system, the video signal from a high signal-to-noise source (such as the DVC-0A) could have noise mixed into it prior to digitization in the Image Processor's typically noisy, digital environment. -
Page 41: Do I Need A Frame Grabber To Use Digital Cameras
There are two ways to cool the CCD in a DVC camera: • Due to the unique opto-mechanical design of the DVC camera, the CCD is in thermal contact with the front-plate. Cooling to a temperature that is just above the dew point is possible by simply attaching a cooler to the outside front metal plate. -
Page 42: Product Features
The ratio of the 100 IRE signal and the 0.32 IRE noise is the signal-to-noise ratio. In this example (not a DVC Camera) the SNR is 100 IRE / 0.32 IRE = 316 The SNR is usually expressed in decibels (dB). SNR (in dB) = 20*log... -
Page 43: How Are Signal-To-Noise Ratio (Snr) And Sensitivity Related
The SNR (in dB) for a DVC camera is 20*log (1000) = 60 dB (approximately) The actual SNR for a DVC camera (at a sensitivity of 0.5 lux) has been measured to be >62 dB 8.3.3 How are Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and sensitivity related? First, let's define sensitivity. -
Page 44: Do I Need A Digital Output Camera To Benefit From The Higher Signal-To-Noise Ratio Of Dvc Cameras
8.3.6 What is the best way to "benchmark" the DVC camera vs. the “competition" in a side-by-side comparison? To do a true side-by-side test of the DVC camera vs. the "competition", point both cameras at the same scene, with both lenses at the same f-stop number . This ensures that the same amount of light is incident on both CCDs. -
Page 45: How Does The Signal-To-Noise Ratio (In Db) Relate To Equivalent Number Of Bits (Enobs)
The Equivalent Number of Bits in our previous example is no longer 8 but 6 ! Even with an ideal 8 bit Analog-to-Digital converter, the noise in the analog system reduces the Equivalent Number of Bits (ENOBs) to 6. 8.3.8 How does the signal-to-noise ratio (in dB) relate to Equivalent Number of Bits (ENOBs)? A useful formula to convert SNR (in dB) to ENOBs and vice versa is: SNR = 6*N + 2 SNR is the signal-to-noise ratio (in dB) and N is the Equivalent Number Of Bits. -
Page 46: How Is The "Back Focus Distance" Set On Dvc's Digiteyes Cameras
See section 5.4 for More Details on Gain/Offset control 8.3.10 How is the “Back Focus distance” set on DVC’s DigitEyes cameras ? The Back Focus distance is the distance from the back of the lens system to the surface of the CCD. -
Page 47: How Do I Access The User Adjustable Controls
CAUTION: DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF STATIC SENSITIVE COMPONENTS WITHIN THE UNIT, ALL INTERNAL CAMERA OPERATIONS SHOULD BE PERFORMED ONLY BY TRAINED TECHNICIANS AT AN ESD FREE WORKSTATION ! PLEASE CONSULT THE DVC COMPANY BEFORE PROCEEDING; SOME INTERNAL OPERATIONS MAY VOID THE... -
Page 48: What User Adjustable Controls Are Available Within The Camera
3) Separate the optical front plate (containing the CCD sensor) from the video board gently while keeping the board parallel to the optical front plate. Twisting the board set during this step can bend the CCD pins and will make re-assembly quite difficult ! The CCD chip is mounted within the optical front plate and should not be removed. -
Page 49: Figure 8-2: Video Boarda
8.3.12.3 Video Board Adjustments GAMMA ANALOG VIDEO BLACK BALANCE SELECT GAIN OFFSET SWITCH R170 R161 R125 DIGITAL OFFSET GAIN INTERLACE GAIN SELECT SELECT SWITCH SWITCH R120 R140 WHITE WHITE CONN. BALANCE BALANCE R171 R159 Figure 8-2: Video Board Adjustments 1) BLACK BALANCE ADJUSTMENT: Cap the lens and adjust the Black Balance 1 and Black Balance 2 potentiometers till the vertical fixed pattern noise disappears. -
Page 50: Ccd Related Questions
400nm, and has other limitations at the near IR range. Frame transfer CCDs such as the TC-245 used in DVC cameras, have spectral range of 400-1100nm with CCD glass face plate attached. Customers doing UV work have reported response in the low 200nm range with... -
Page 51: What Is Meant By The Dynamic Range Of A Ccd
Figure 8-3: Exposure Curve showing the Dynamic Range of the Camera In the case of the DVC camera, the maximum light that can be measured is 0.5 lux. That's because if more light (than 0.5 lux) is incident on the CCD, the camera will reach 100 IRE (or, in 8 bit digital terms the pixel level of "255"). -
Page 52: What Is The Image Format Of The Ccd
The "full well" figure for the TC-245 CCD (number of light derived electrons required to fill up the charge "well") is 80,000. The dynamic range of the CCD, therefore, is 80,000 / 30 = 2667 OR expressed in dB, the dynamic range of the CCD is 20*log (2667) = 68.5 dB The dynamic range (using the more typical 20 noise equivalent electrons) = 72 dB: A typical CCD dynamic range of 70 dB is assumed. -
Page 53: Can The Pseudo-Interlaced Operation Be Disabled
To disable interlace, the integration level potentiometer on the video board should be adjusted. On more recent versions of the video board, a switch is provided for this purpose. Contact DVC before making such an adjustment ! 8.4.8 What is anti-blooming ? Blooming: is defined as the phenomenon in which a bright spot of light in the field of view of a video camera appears to be larger in size. -
Page 54: Figure 8-5: Anti-Blooming Curve
Voltage vs. Light curve for the TC-245 CCD Anti-blooming disabled Vsat Reaches Vsat at 1lux ! Anti-blooming Enabled Reaches Vsat at 100lux ! Vsat /2 Vuse = Camera White Clip Vn = Noise Floor (not to scale) Light (lux) Figure 8-5: Anti-blooming curve To understand anti-blooming it is convenient to think of a CCD charge site as a mechanism for converting light (photons) to charge (which is then converted to voltage) in a linear manner. -
Page 55: Can Anti-Blooming Be Disabled
If anti-blooming is disabled, any bright spots in the field of view will cause blooming ! Although this does not damage the CCD, it makes the camera difficult to use in most applications. Note: this is NOT a user adjustment in the camera. Please call DVC to request more information on this modification. -
Page 56: Options
8.5 OPTIONS 8.5.1 What non-standard modes of integration are available ? The three non-standard modes of integration are: • Electronic Shuttering (1/1000 sec and 1/2000 sec) • Pulse driven Integration Mode • “N” field Integration Mode (user specified value of “N”) 8.5.2 What is the difference between electronic shuttering and pulse driven integration ? Electronic Shuttering is used for integration periods less than 1/1000 sec. -
Page 57: What Is Auto-Iris And How Does It Work
At present these adjustments are implemented as potentiometers on the video board. They cannot be "remoted" in the way that the Analog potentiometers can. User access to these controls through holes in the camera cover can be provided as a special modification. Contact DVC for details. -
Page 58: Appendix A: Camera Connector Information
FRAME DATA VALID (-) COMPOSITE SYNC (+) COMPOSITE SYNC (-) FIELD INDEX (+) FIELD INDEX (-) VIDEO DB9 (+) (LSB FOR DVC-10) VIDEO DB9 (-) (LSB FOR DVC-10) VIDEO DB8 (+) VIDEO DB8 (-) VIDEO DB7 (+) (LSB FOR DVC-08) -
Page 59: Appendix B: Camera Timing Diagram
10. Appendix B: Camera Timing Diagram (A) HORIZONTAL TIMING (BEGINNING OF A HORIZ. LINE) 1 UNIT = PIX. CLOCK PERIOD = 69.84 nS; CORRESPONDING TO 14.318MHz 910 CLOCK PERIODS = 63.55 uS = 1 LINE PERIOD CSYNC #### LINE DATA VALID VIDEO ACTIVE PIXELS... -
Page 60: Appendix C: Camera Schematic Diagram
11. Appendix C: Camera schematic diagram GENLOCK 1 1 GND SYNC & POWER BOARD GND 2 +8V 2 5 PIN DIN 3 GND +12V 1 -8V 4 GND 2 5 VBLANK +5V 3 FI 6 GND 4 7 GND GND 5 OTR/VD 8 -12V 6 9 D0(MSB) -
Page 61: Appendix D: Camera Mechanical Drawings
12. Appendix D: Camera Mechanical Drawings Figure 12-1: Camera Mechanical Drawings... -
Page 62: Appendix E: Camera Performance Data (Vm-700A Plots)
13. Appendix E: Camera Performance Data (VM- 700A plots) Figure 13-1: Camera Noise Spectrum (Min. Gain, Bandwidth = 10kHz to full) -
Page 63: Figure 13-2: Camera Noises
Figure 13-2: Camera Noise Spectrum (Min. Gain, Bandwidth = 10kHz to 4.2MHz) -
Page 64: Figure 13-3: Camera Noises
Figure 13-3: Camera Noise Spectrum (Max. Gain, Bandwidth = 100kHz to 4.2Mhz) -
Page 65: Figure 13-4: Camera Noises
Figure 13-4: Camera Noise Spectrum (Max. Gain, Bandwidth = 10kHz to full) -
Page 66: Warranty
This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties expressed or implied. DVC shall not be liable for any collateral or consequential damages. A Return Material Authorization (RMA) Number must be obtained from DVC prior to returning any item for warranty repair or replacement.
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