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Lake Shore Cryotronics Measure Ready M91 FastHall User Manual

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User's Manual
M91 FastHall
™
Measurement Controller
Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc.
575 McCorkle Blvd.
Westerville, Ohio
43082-8888 USA
sales@lakeshore.com
support@lakeshore.com
www.lakeshore.com
Fax: (614) 891-1392
Telephone: (614) 891-2243
Methods and apparatus disclosed and described herein have been developed solely on company funds of Lake Shore
Cryotronics, Inc. No government or other contractual support or relationship whatsoever has existed which in any
way affects or mitigates proprietary rights of Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. in these developments. Methods and
apparatus disclosed herein may be subject to U.S. Patents existing or applied for.
Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. reserves the right to add, improve, modify, or withdraw functions, design modifications,
or products at any time without notice. Lake Shore shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with furnishing, performance, or use of this material.
Revision 1.4
13 August 2020
|
www.lakeshore.com

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  • Page 1 Cryotronics, Inc. No government or other contractual support or relationship whatsoever has existed which in any way affects or mitigates proprietary rights of Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. in these developments. Methods and apparatus disclosed herein may be subject to U.S. Patents existing or applied for.

  • Page 2: Limited Warranty Statement

    LIMITED WARRANTY STATEMENT WARRANTY PERIOD: THREE (3) YEARS buying the Products. Any implied warranty is limited in duration to 1. Lake Shore warrants that products manufactured by Lake Shore the warranty period. No oral or written information, or advice (the "Product") will be free from defects in materials and work- given by the Company, its Agents or Employees, shall create a war- manship for three years from the date the Product leaves Lake ranty or in any way increase the scope of this limited warranty.
  • Page 3 Forum. Copyright 2018 – 2020 Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. All rights reserved. No portion of this manual may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the express written permission of Lake Shore.

  • Page 4: Eu Declaration Of Conformity

    EU DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY This declaration of conformity is issued under the sole responsibility of the manufacturer. Manufacturer: Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. 575 McCorkle Boulevard Westerville, OH 43082 Object of the declaration: Model(s): Description: FastHall™ Controller The object of the declaration described above is in conformity with the relevant Union harmonization...
  • Page 5 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) for the MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ Measurement Controller Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) of electronic equipment is a growing concern worldwide. Emissions of and immunity to electromagnetic interference is now part of the design and manufacture of most electronics. To qualify for the CE Mark, the MeasureReady™...
  • Page 6 MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ Measurement Controller...
  • Page 7 Table of Contents Chapter 1: 1.1 General ................1 1.2 Overview .
  • Page 8 Chapter 3: 3.1 General ................33 3.2 Instrument Power .
  • Page 9 Chapter 6: 6.1 Overview ................151 6.2 USB Troubleshooting .
  • Page 10 MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ Measurement Controller...

  • Page 11: Chapter 1: Introduction

    Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 General Many contemporary semiconductor and electronic materials are being developed for applications including photovoltaic and thermoelectric materials, new display tech- nologies, organic electronics, and high power devices. These materials possess elec- tronic properties that are becoming increasingly difficult to measure. In fact, current electronic transport property measurement systems cannot measure many of these materials due to their low charge carrier mobilities and the high temperatures needed to characterize high power devices.
  • Page 12 CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.2 Overview The M91 FastHall™ measurement controller is a revolutionary, all-in-one instrument that delivers significantly higher levels of precision, speed, and convenience to researchers involved in the study of electronic materials. Featuring Lake Shore’s patented* new FastHall™ measurement technique, the M91 fundamentally changes the way the Hall effect is generated and measured by elimi- nating the need to switch the polarity of the applied magnetic field during the mea- surement.
  • Page 13 The standard M91 integrates: Current source Synchronous voltage measurement Multi-position switching High level automated routines for ohmic contact check, resistivity, Hall voltage, and a full list of derived parameters with a single command General purpose analog and digital I/O for simple system integration The high-resistance option enables measurement of samples up to 200 G).
  • Page 14 CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.4 Fields of Study The M91 FastHall™ measurement controller, using only a DC field and patented tech- nology base on reverse field reciprocity theorem, provides Hall measurements to facilitate the broadest range of research applications. The M91 coupled with the MeasureLINK™-MCS software for variable temperature and variable field-dependent magnetotransport measurements provides a means to understand fundamental pro- cesses in solid state physics and materials science.
  • Page 15 1.5.1 Field Hall This section provides an explanation of the naming conventions and nomenclature used in this manual and in the MeasureLINK™-MCS software. The units used for the Nomenclature quantities defined here, and conversion between common systems of units can be found in section 1.5.2.
  • Page 16 CHAPTER 1: Introduction Resistivity () is used to derive Hall mobility, but it is also an important transport property. Resistivity () is the shape independent expression of resistance (R) derived by canceling the area (A) through which the current flows, and the length (L) along which the current flows.
  • Page 17 The notation used for a voltage measurement is (V ). This means the current source is connected with positive source on contact i and negative source on contact j. The voltage is measured between positive contact k and negative contact l. An example would be V (FIGURE 1-3).
  • Page 18 CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.5.3 Hall Voltage When the combination of a magnetic field and a flowing current in a material produces a new voltage, the Hall voltage, it is called the Hall effect. The Hall effect is illustrated in FIGURE 1-4 and can be explained as a long thin material with a current, I, flowing along the length.

  • Page 19: Measurement Optimization

    1.5.5 Hall The measured components of mobility, Hall voltage, and resistance (for resistivity), are captured in much the same way. An excitation current is passed through the Measurement sample creating a voltage proportional to the desired quantity. In the case of Hall Optimization voltage, magnetic field is also a necessary part of the process.
  • Page 20 CHAPTER 1: Introduction Since this voltage is independent of current, when a magnetic field is present the voltage is eliminated by current reversal. 1.5.5.2.2 Righi-Leduc Voltage (V The Nernst (diffusion) electrons also experience an Ettingshausen-type effect since their spread of velocities result in hot and cold sides on the sample; consequently, they set up a transverse thermoelectric voltage, known as the Righi-Leduc voltage, VR.
  • Page 21 Several other unwanted voltages depend on the sample temperature, temperature gradients and magnetic field. Many can be eliminated by a combination of current and field reversal, but others cannot. One example that cannot be eliminated in one of these ways is the Ettingshausen effect voltage (section 1.5.5.4.1). 1.5.5.4.1 Ettingshausen Effect Voltage (V Even if no external transverse temperature gradient exists, the sample can set up its own.
  • Page 22 CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.5.6.1 Structures of van der Pauw Samples and Their Errors The structure of a practical van der Pauw sample is very similar to the ideal structure shown in FIGURE 1-5. Over the years, many variations of the structure have been developed to control and quantify the errors associated with finite contact sizes.
  • Page 23 1.5.6.1.2 Circular Structures Circular van der Pauw structures (FIGURE 1-7) fare slightly better. Van der Pauw gives a correction factor for circular contacts of ρρ = -1% for (c / l) = 1/g for four contacts. per contact, which results in a correction of For the Hall voltage, van der Pauw gives the correction FIGURE 1-7 Circular structure...
  • Page 24 CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.5.6.2 Ideal Measurements of Samples with van der Pauw Structure This section presents the theory of Hall measurements and resistivity measurements on ideal van der Pauw samples. Ideal measurements means perfect 2D uniform samples with four point contacts on the edges, as shown in FIGURE 1-5. The contacts are numbered in the counterclockwise direction.
  • Page 25 This section will develop the practical protocols for measurement of the resistivity of real samples at zero magnetic field. As explained in section 1.5.5.2, using current reversal will minimize errors associated with instrumentation offsets and thermoelectric voltages. When the current reversal method is applied to the resistivity measurement, the resistivity is calculated by: As explained in section 1.5.5.5, geometry averaging is used to reduce material inhomogeneous effects in the measurement.
  • Page 26 CHAPTER 1: Introduction An ideal six-contact 1-2-2-1 Hall bar structure (FIGURE 1-10) is symmetrical. Contact separations a and b on either side of the sample are equal, with contacts located opposite one another. Contact pairs are placed symmetrically about the midpoint of the sample’s long axis.
  • Page 27 Geometrical error sources in the Hall bar arrangement are caused by deviations of the actual measurement geometry from the ideal of a rectangular solid with constant current density and point-like voltage contacts. FIGURE 1-12 Hall bar with finite voltage contacts The first geometrical consideration with the Hall bar is the tendency of the end contacts to short out the Hall voltage.
  • Page 28 CHAPTER 1: Introduction Here, is the amount µ must increase to obtain a true value. If l/w = 3, and c/w = 0.2, then , which is certainly a significant error. Reduce the contact-size error to acceptable levels by placing contacts at the ends of contact arms (FIGURE 1-14) .
  • Page 29 1.5.7.2.2 Resistivity Measurements on Hall Bar Samples The resistivity can be calculated from: where w is the width of the Hall bar, t is the thickness of the Hall bar and a is the center-to-center distance between contacts 2 and 3. FIGURE 1-15 Notice that this method requires knowledge of two additional dimensions of the sample: the width of the sample and the distance between the two contacts.
  • Page 30 CHAPTER 1: Introduction For Hall bar sample 1-2-2-1, the Hall voltage is: For Hall bar sample 1-3-3-1, the Hall voltage is: 1.5.7.3.2 Resistivity Calculations for Hall Bar Samples In the Hall bar structure, the method to measure resistivity is to measure specific voltages on the sample.

  • Page 31: Application Software

    1.6 Materials Solar cells: OPVs, a:Si, uSi, CdTe, CuInGaSe (CIGS) Organic electronics: OTFTs, Pentacene, Chalcogenides, OLEDs Transparent conducting oxides: InSnO (ITO), ZnO, GaZnO, InGaZnO (IGZO) III-V semiconductors: InP, InSb, InAs, GaN, GaP, GaSb, AIN based devices, high elec- tron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and heterojunction bipolar transistors II-VI semiconductors: CdS, CdSe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, HgCdTe Wide bandgap materials: GaN, GaO, AlN, BN, doped diamond Elemental semiconductors: Ge, Si on insulator devices (SOI), SiC ,SiGe , based devices:...
  • Page 32 CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.9 Configuring A variety of measurement options are available to enable you to configure the M91 FastHall™ measurement controller for best performance with your samples and Measurements their characteristic properties. The firmware for the M91 can be updated using the Ethernet connection on the M91, making it easy to keep the M91 up-to-date with the latest firmware.

  • Page 33: Specifications

    1.9.4 Resistance Range Along with Hall mobility and other sample parameters, resistance measurements are one of the fundamental building blocks that define the capabilities and performance specifications of your M91. In order to enable measurement of the broadest range of materials, it is critical that your system be capable of measuring a very wide range of resistances.

  • Page 34: Safety Summary And Symbols

    Symbols and intended instrument use. Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. assumes no liability for customer failure to comply with these requirements. The MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ measurement controller protects the operator and surrounding area from electric shock or burn, mechanical hazards, excessive temperature, and spread of fire from the instrument.

  • Page 35: Electrostatic Discharge

    1.11.1 Electrostatic Electrostatic discharge (ESD) may damage electronic parts, assemblies, and equip- ment. ESD is a transfer of electrostatic charge between bodies at different electro- Discharge static potentials caused by direct contact or induced by an electrostatic field. The low-energy source that most commonly destroys electrostatic discharge sensitive devices is the human body, which generates and retains static electricity.
  • Page 36 CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.11.4 Equipment Safety Symbols Equipment protected throughout Direct current (power line) by double insulation or reinforces insulation (equivalent to Class II of Alternating current (power line) IEC 536—see Annex H) Alternating or direct current (power line) CAUTION: High voltages; danger of electric shock;...

  • Page 37: Inspection And Unpacking

    Chapter 2: Installation 2.1 General This chapter provides general installation instructions for the MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ measurement controller. Please read this entire chapter before installing the instrument and powering it on to ensure the best possible performance and maintain operator safety. For instrument operating instructions, refer to Chapter 3. For computer interface installation and operation, refer to Chapter 4.

  • Page 38: Front Panel

    2: Installation HAPTER 2.3 Front Panel The MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ measurement controller has a 5 in capacitive touch, color TFT display with LED backlight, which is used to display relevant output settings and the instrument state. No measurements can be started from the front panel screen; it is used only to display high-level measurement results.

  • Page 39: Rear Panel

    2.4 Rear Panel This section provides a description of the M91 FastHall™ measurement controller rear panel connections. Always turn off the instrument before making any rear panel connections. FIGURE 2-3 Rear panel Connector Description Triaxial sample connectors Connectors for van der Pauw (1-4) or Hall bar sample (1-6). Analog input Reads voltages in range -10 V to 10 V.
  • Page 40 2: Installation HAPTER 2.4.1 Triaxial Sample The rear panel has six triaxial connectors to connect to your sample. For a van Der Pauw measurement, use terminals 1-4. For a Hall Bar measurement, use all 6 termi- Connectors nals. If using a triaxial to BNC adapter, the following configuration must be used: Center conductor between the BNC and triaxial connected Shields tied together Triaxial guard floating...
  • Page 41 2.4.2 Analog I/O The analog I/O is used for triggering control-related equipment. Summary FIGURE 2-5 Analog connector 2.4.2.1 Analog Input The M91 FastHall™ measurement controller has an analog input that can read volt- ages between -10 V and 10 V. The safe input voltage range is ± 15 V. 2.4.2.2 Analog Output The M91 has an analog output that can source voltages between -10 V and 10 V.
  • Page 42 2: Installation HAPTER 2.4.3.2 Digital Output There are four independent digital outputs which use solid state relays. The maxi- mum output voltage is 32 V, and the maximum output current is 1.5 A. Digital input description Ground +5 V Digital output 4 low Digital output 4 high Digital output 3 low Digital output 3 high...

  • Page 43: Chapter 3: Operation

    Chapter 3: Operation 3.1 General This chapter provides instructions for the general operating features of the MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ measurement controller. The M91 is an all-in-one instrument for making Hall effect measurements. It is designed to work with many different sample holders and magnet systems. The M91 coordinates the collection and analysis of Hall data for many important Hall measurements.
  • Page 44 3: Operation HAPTER 3.3 Overview The example commands in this chapter are shown using the Lake Shore software pro- gram, MeasureLINK™-MCS. Most functionality is contained in the pre-defined mea- surements and scripts in MeasureLINK™. For manual control, SCPI commands can be sent by any software program, such as LabView, terminal emulator or a dedicated custom program.
  • Page 45 A license for MeasureLINK™-MCS software is included with the M91. The software can be downloaded at no charge from https://www.lakeshore.com/software/. An acti- MeasureLINK ™- vation code is required. If you don’t have one, contact Lake Shore. The scripting devel- MCS Software opment license (ML-SDL), which allows users to edit the standard experiments and create new ones, can be purchased from Lake Shore.

  • Page 46: Connect To The Instrument

    3: Operation HAPTER FIGURE 3-3 MeasureLINK™-MCS software scripting interface 3.5 Connect to the You must use SCPI commands or MeasureLINK™-MCS software to run measure- ments. Use the command list (see section 4.5) and your favorite serial terminal pro- Instrument gram (such as Putty or Termite) to communicate with the M91 via the remote interface.

  • Page 47: Measurement Connections

    3.6 Measurement Connections 3.6.1 Sample For a van der Pauw sample use the triaxial connectors on the rear panel labeled 1-4 (triaxial connectors 5 and 6 are unused). For a Hall bar sample, use the triaxial con- Connections nectors 1-6. FIGURE 3-5 Left: van der Pauw samples;...
  • Page 48 3: Operation HAPTER 3.7 Measurement Structure with SCPI Commands 3.7.1 Starting a The MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ measurement controller executes the following measurements: contact check, resistivity, and Hall measurement. Each time a new Measurement measurement is run, it overwrites the existing measurement data of its type (a con- tact check will overwrite a contact check, but will not overwrite a resistivity measure- ment).
  • Page 49 3.7.2 During the During a measurement, the measurement card on the instrument’s front panel dis- plays a progress wheel spinning to indicate the measurement is running. Each mea- Measurement surement has a SCPI command to query if the measurement is still running or to abort the measurement.

  • Page 50: Contact Check

    3: Operation HAPTER 3.8 Running a Hall Analysis Using SCPI Commands 3.8.1 Step 1: Contact check is required to validate that the physical sample contacts are sufficient for the Hall analysis to be complete accurately over the specified range of excitations. Contact Check This is done by rotating through either four contact alignments (for van der Pauw samples) or six contact alignments (for Hall bar samples).
  • Page 51 FIGURE 3-7 Contact check with optimization 3.8.1.2 Manual Contact Check Manual contact check allows the user to specify all input parameters manually. Example: The example below runs a contact check using current excitation. 11 points will be taken spanning from +10 µA to -10 µA on the 10 µA range, with the following settings: Measurement range: set to 100 mV Compliance limit: set to 10 V...
  • Page 52 3: Operation HAPTER FIGURE 3-9 Contact Check results FIGURE 3-10 Contact Check results MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ Measurement Controller...
  • Page 53 3.8.2 Step 2: This measurement determines the resistivity of the sample between two adjacent points. In this measurement, the sample should be subjected to zero field. View the Resistivity results from a SCPI command or view the high-level results from the M91 front panel. Results returned are resistivity, F-value, and geometry dependent values.
  • Page 54 3: Operation HAPTER Sample thickness: set to 0 Minimum SNR: set to infinity RESistivity:STARt CURRent,10e-6,10e-6,AUTO,100e-3,1.5,30, 2.4,0,INF 3.8.2.2 Resistivity with Linked Parameters The resistivity measurement will automatically pull in the parameters listed in con- tact check. The following parameters will be automatically used as inputs to resistiv- ity linking: sample thickness.
  • Page 55 FIGURE 3-12 FastHall Measurement 3.8.3.1.2 FastHall™ with Linked Parameters The FastHall measurement will automatically pull in the parameters determined in the contact check step. A contact check measurement must have been completed prior to running a FastHall link measurement. If a resistivity measurement has been run, the resistivity parameters are pulled into the FastHall measurement as well.
  • Page 56 3: Operation HAPTER DC Hall measurements support manual parameter inputs only. 3.8.3.2.1 Manual DC Hall Due to DC Hall requiring the field to be manually reversed, the measurement needs to pause halfway through so the field can be changed. Measure the field the sample is subjected to prior to running a DC Hall measurement, and enter it into the HAL:STARt command.
  • Page 57 3.8.4 Four Wire Use four wire measurement to take samples for an IV curve, or to determine settling times. Measurement Example: The command below measures the resistance between contact pairs 1 and 2 with the following settings: ContactPoint1: set to terminal 5 ContactPoint2: set to terminal 6 ContactPoint3: set to terminal 3 ContactPoint4: set to terminal 1...

  • Page 58: Advanced Operation

    3: Operation HAPTER 3.9 Advanced The following sections explain the more advanced features of the MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ measurement controller. Operation 3.9.1 Digital I/O The M91 comes equipped with a digital I/O connector for general purpose input/out- put (GPIO) use, allowing for integration of hardware control or monitoring into any experiment.
  • Page 59 3.9.4 High Resistance The high resistance firmware upgrade enables the MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ measurement controller to source voltage and measure current, which is an advan- Option tage for high resistance samples. The high resistance firmware upgrade enables the (M9-ADD-HR) user to make measurements on samples greater than 10 M). When in high resistance mode, the excitation changes from current excitation to voltage excitation.

  • Page 60: System Settings

    3: Operation HAPTER 3.9.6 System Settings The System settings menu is provided to view general instrument settings, update firmware, and view legal information containing Communication Certifications and Open Source Software licenses. To find these settings, tap the Settings menu (top left corner of the screen).
  • Page 61 3.9.6.2 Connectivity The following fields are displayed on the Connectivity tab. Touch the enable switch next to each option to change settings: FIGURE 3-17 System settings: Connectivity Field Description Ethernet Touch the Ethernet box to see IP settings. Determines whether the M91 will respond to SCPI commands from the Ethernet connection.
  • Page 62 3: Operation HAPTER Interface Command: SYSTem:BEEPer:VOLume FIGURE 3-18 Display and sound 3.9.6.4 Legal This screen is available for the user to see the various communication certifications to which the M91 adheres. In addition, the attribution notices for the open source soft- ware used in the M91 are listed here.
  • Page 63 FIGURE 3-19 Date and time 3.9.6.8 Factory Reset This feature resets all instrumentation settings to their defaults. See section 6.3.1. 3.10 Signal Return The signal return is a connection to the measurement common of the MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ measurement controller. For example, if the M91 is used as a current source, the current is returned to this point.
  • Page 64 3: Operation HAPTER MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ Measurement Controller...

  • Page 65: Chapter 4: Computer Interface Operation

    Chapter 4: Computer Interface Operation 4.1 General This chapter provides operational instructions for the remote interface for the Lake Shore MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ measurement controller. The M91 sup- ports the following remote interfaces for direct user control: USB (emulating a serial communications port) Ethernet M91 FastHall™...
  • Page 66 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER 4.2.1.2 Subsystem In addition to the common commands, SCPI defines subsystem commands. If the M91 FastHall™ measurement controller is considered a “system”, then the logical grouping of its various functions can be considered different “subsystems”, forming a hierarchical “tree”.
  • Page 67 4.2.7 Terminators All data in a given SCPI message is encoded in the American Standard Code for Infor- mation Interchange (ASCII) format. A special ASCII character, the line feed (hex 0A, decimal 10), is required by the instrument to know where the SCPI message ends. The instrument also allows an optional carriage return (hex 0D, decimal 13) to precede the line feed.

  • Page 68: Status And Error Reporting

    4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER 4.3 Status and Error Reporting 4.3.1 Status System The MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ measurement controller implements a status system compliant to the SCPI-99 standard. The SCPI status system is derived from the Overview status system called out in chapter 11 of the IEEE 488.2 standard. The status system provides a method of recording and reporting instrument information.
  • Page 69 4.3.1.1 Status Byte Register The status byte register, typically referred to as the status byte, is a non-latching, read-only register that contains all of the summary bits from the register sets. The status of the summary bits are controlled from the register sets as explained in section 4.3.2.1 to section 4.3.2.5.

  • Page 70: Register Details

    4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER 4.3.1.6.2 Programming Registers The only registers that may be programmed by the user are the enable registers. All other registers in the status system are read-only registers. To program an enable reg- ister, send a decimal value that corresponds to the desired binary-weighted sum of all bits in the register (TABLE 4-1).
  • Page 71 4.3.2.2 Service Request Enable Register The service request enable register is programmed by the user and determines which summary bits of the status byte may set bit 6 (MSS). Enable bits are logically ANDed with the corresponding summary bits (FIGURE 4-2). Whenever a summary bit is set by an event register and its corresponding enable bit is set by the user, bit 6 will be set.
  • Page 72 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER Standard event — Bit status register *ESR? — Name used used To event summary bit (ESB) Standard event status — Bit of status enable register byte register — Name *ESE, *ESE? used used FIGURE 4-3 Standard event status register 4.3.2.4 Operation Event Register Set The operation event register reports the instrument events that are considered part of normal operation.
  • Page 73 4.3.2.5 Questionable Status Register Set The questionable status register reports various states of the instrument that could indicate the quality of the output signal may be compromised. Any or all of these events may be reported in the questionable event summary bit through the enable register (FIGURE 4-5).
  • Page 74 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER 4.3.3 Error Messages As called out in the SCPI-99 specification, the M91 FastHall™ measurement control- ler implements an error queue that contains coded error and status messages thrown during operation. SCPI-99 defines error messages with a negative (-) prefix as stan- dard errors, common to all SCPI compliant instruments.

  • Page 75: Remote Interfaces

    4.4 Remote This section provides operational instructions for the remote interfaces for the Lake Shore MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ measurement controller. Each of the three Interfaces interfaces provided with the M91 permits remote operation. 4.4.1 USB The USB interface provides a convenient way to connect to most modern computers.
  • Page 76 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER 5. When the Found New Hardware wizard finishes installing the driver, a confirma- tion message stating “the software for this device has been successfully installed” will appear. Click Close to complete the installation. 4.4.1.3.2 Installing the Driver from the Web The USB driver is available on the Lake Shore website.
  • Page 77 4.4.2 Ethernet The Ethernet interface provides a means of connecting the MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ measurement controller to a network. Networks provide the ability to communicate across large distances, often using existing equipment (the internet, pre-existing local networks). The Ethernet interface of the M91 provides the ability to use TCP socket connections (section 4.4.2.4) to send commands and queries to the instrument using the common command set detailed in section 4.5.2.
  • Page 78 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER ing prefix, and which part represents the device’s address on the subnet. A subnet mask is most often given in dotted decimal notation, such as nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn where nnn is a decimal number from 0 to 255. When converted to a binary nota- tion, the 32-bit subnet mask should consist of a contiguous group of ones, fol- lowed by a contiguous group of zeros.
  • Page 79 Domain Name: A domain is a collection of network devices that are managed according to some common characteristic of its members. Domains can contain subdomains, which are subsets within the domain. The hierarchy can contain several dot-sepa- rated levels which flow from right to left. For example, lakeshore.com contains the top-level-domain “com”...

  • Page 80: Command Summary

    4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER 4.5 Command This section lists the interface commands in alphabetical order. Summary Boolean data type. Used to specify if a setting should be bool enabled or disabled. A “0” or “OFF” are valid for disable, while a “1”...
  • Page 81 Bit weighting Event name Total: *IDN? Query Format *IDN? Return Parameter <manufacturer>,<model>,<serial number>,<firmware version> Each parameter is of type AARD Examples Query *IDN? Query Response LSCI, 155-DC, 155B23C, 1.1.2 Remarks Returns the MeasureReady™ 155 identification string. Each field in the return mes- sage is separated by a comma.
  • Page 82 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER *SRE Command Format *SRE <data> Parameter <data> Decimal value that is the sum of the binary-weighted values for the desired bits. Data type is NR1 Query Format *SRE? Return Parameter <data> (see above) Examples Command *SRE 4 Enables error available flag Query...

  • Page 83: Analog:input:function

    4.5.2 SCPI Subsystem The following commands and queries are derived from the SCPI 99 standard. Commands ANALog:INPut:FUNCtion? Summary Queries the available settable modes for the analog input. Query Format ANALog:INPut:FUNCtion? Returns The analog input function. MANUAL is the only supported function. Data type is NAMED Example ANALog:INPut:FUNCtion?
  • Page 84 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER CALibration:CURRent:MEASurement:GAIN Summary Sets the current measurement gain. Command Format CALibration:CURRent:MEASurement:GAIN <range>,<gain> Parameters <range> 0 = 10 nA, 1 = 10 µA, 2 = 10 mA, 3 = 100 mA Data type is NR1 <gain> Double Data type is NRf Example CALibration:CURRent:MEASurement:GAIN 0 1.234...
  • Page 85 CALibration:CURRent:MEASurement:ZERO? Summary Queries the current measurement offset. Query Format CALibration:CURRent:MEASurement:ZERO? <range> Parameters <range> 0 = 10 nA, 1 = 10 µA, 2 = 10 mA, 3 = 100 mA Data type is NR1 Returns Current measurement offset as a double. Data type is NRf Example CALibration:CURRent:MEASurement:ZERO? 0...

  • Page 86: Calibration:date

    4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER CALibration:DATE Summary Sets the date of the calibration. Command Format CALibration:DATE <year>,<month>,<day>,<hour>,<minute>,<second> Parameters <year> The year Data type is NR1 <month The month Data type is NR1 <day> The day Data type is NR1 <hour> The hour Data type is NR1 <minute>...
  • Page 87 CALibration:SNUMber? Summary Queries the unit’s serial number. Query Format CALibration:SNUMber? Returns Serial number as a string. Data type is string Example CALibration:SNUMber? CALibration:SOURce Summary Configures parameters for the instrument’s source. Command Format CALibration:SOURce <state>,<mode>,<range>,<amplitude>,<complianceLimit> Parameters <state> 0 = enabled, 1 = disabled Data type is NR1 <mode>...
  • Page 88 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER CALibration:VOLTage:MEASurement:GAIN Summary Sets the voltage measurement gain. Command Format CALibration:VOLTage:MEASurement:GAIN <range>,<gain> Parameters <range> 0 = 1 mV, 1 = 10 mV, 2 = 100 mV, 3 = 1 V, 4 = 10 V Data type is NR1 <gain>...
  • Page 89 CALibration:VOLTage:MEASurement:ZERO? Summary Queries the voltage measurement offset. Query Format CALibration:VOLTage:MEASurement:ZERO? <range> Parameters <range> 0 = 1 mV, 1 = 10 mV, 2 = 100 mV, 3 = 1 V, 4 = 10 V Data type is NR1 Returns Voltage measurement offset as a double. Data type is NRf Example CALibration:VOLTage:MEASurement:ZERO? 0...
  • Page 90 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER CCHeck:BLANKing:RESult:JSON? Summary Returns the results of calculating the optimal blanking time. Query Format CCHeck:BLANKing:RESult:JSON? <prettty> Parameters <pretty> Optional, pretty format JSON response. Defaults to False. Data type is bool Returns JSON serialized contact check optimization blanking time calculation data. Data type is NAMED CCHeck:BLANKing:RUNNing? Summary...
  • Page 91 For current excitation, specify the voltage compliance 1.0 to 10 V. Data type is NRf <numberOfPoints> The number of points to measure between the excitation start and end. 0 - 100. Data type is NR1 <minimumRSquared> The minimum R² desired, DEFault = 0.9999. Data type is Number <blankingTime>...
  • Page 92 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER "ExcitationValueEnd": -0.0001, "ExcitationAutoRange": false, "ExcitationRange": 0.0001, "MeasurementAutoRange": false, "MeasurementRange": 1.0, "ComplianceLimit": 10.0, "NumberOfPoints": 11, "MinimumRSquared": 0.9999, "BlankingTimeInSeconds": 0.002, "SamplingTimeInSeconds": 0.0.0166666666666667, "Guid": "14f0e82d-5be6-443c-bb28-3f31f77f4339" "AutoSetup": { "MaxCurrentInAmps": 0.1, "MaxVoltageInVolts": 10.0, "NumberOfPoints": 11, "MinimumRSquared": 0.9999 "AutoModeDiagnostics": { "GeneratedSetup": { "ExcitationType": 1, "ExcitationValueStart": 0.0001, "ExcitationValueEnd": -0.0001,...
  • Page 93 "Offset": 0.00070853406935334471, "Slope": 369.81494437493217, "RSquared": 0.99997701090807767, "RSquaredPass": true, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false, "IvCurvePoints": [ "Source": 0.0001, "ResistanceInOhms": 374.4813, "VoltageInVolts": 0.03733717, "CurrentInAmps": 9.970371E-05, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false "Source": 8E-05, "ResistanceInOhms": 378.0658, "VoltageInVolts": 0.03010416, "CurrentInAmps": 7.96268E-05, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false "ActualBlankingTimeInSeconds": 0.002,...
  • Page 94 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER CCHeck:RESult:JSON:DATA? Summary Retrieves the results of a single point in the contact check measurement IV curve for a given contact pair. Query Format CCHeck:RESult:JSON:DATA? <contactPoint1>,<contactPoint2>,<curvePoint>,<pretty> Parameters <contactPoint1> Contact pair point 1. Data type is NR1 <contactPoint2>...
  • Page 95 "Guid": "53c4e26b-096e-4c3d-9225-73e23595b125" "AutoSetup": { "MaxCurrentInAmps": 0.1, "MaxVoltageInVolts": 10.0, "NumberOfPoints": 11, "MinimumRSquared": 0.9999 "AutoModeDiagnostics": { "GeneratedSetup": { "ExcitationType": 1, "ExcitationValueStart": 0.0001, "ExcitationValueEnd": -0.0001, "ExcitationAutoRange": false, "ExcitationRange": 0.0001, "MeasurementAutoRange": false, "MeasurementRange": 1.0, "ComplianceLimit": 10.0, "NumberOfPoints": 11, "MinimumRSquared": 0.9999, "BlankingTimeInSeconds": 0.002, "Guid": "53c4e26b-096e-4c3d-9225-73e23595b125" "ContactPairResults": [ "GeneratedSetup": { "ExcitationType": 1,...
  • Page 96 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER "CalculatedRSquared": 0.999944844772935, "RSquaredPass": true, "Success": true "GeneratedSetup": { "ExcitationType": 1, "ExcitationValueStart": 0.0001, "ExcitationValueEnd": -0.0001, "ExcitationAutoRange": false, "ExcitationRange": 0.0001, "MeasurementAutoRange": true, "MeasurementRange": 0.1, "ComplianceLimit": 10.0, "NumberOfPoints": 11, "MinimumRSquared": 0.9999, "BlankingTimeInSeconds": 0.002, "Guid": "a058fa01-8f65-4acc-9492-956eba3703de" "ContactPair": { "Point1": 3, "Point2": 4 "InCompliance": false, "CalculatedRSquared": 0.99995429808639591,...
  • Page 97 "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false "ContactPair": { "Point1": 2, "Point2": 3 "Offset": 0.00091293629123161916, "Slope": 322.45801602324741, "RSquared": 0.99997942216190217, "RSquaredPass": true, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false "ContactPair": { "Point1": 3, "Point2": 4 "Offset": 0.00064834521512294446, "Slope": 125.38136891935942, "RSquared": 0.9999540757056905, "RSquaredPass": true, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false "ContactPair": {...
  • Page 98 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER <curvePoint> IV curve point, zero indexed. Data type is NR1 Returns <excitationType>,<excitationValue>,<voltage>,<current>,<resistance> <excitationType> The excitation type used for the measurement, VOLTage or CURRent. Data type is NAMED <excitationValue> The excitation output value. Data type is NRf <voltage>...
  • Page 99 ISO 8601 format. Data type is string <durationOfTest> Duration of the test in seconds. Data type is NR1 <excitationType> The excitation type used for the measurement, VOLTage or CURRent. Data type is NAMED <excitationValueStart> The starting excitation value. Data type is NRf <excitationValueEnd>...
  • Page 100 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER <contactPairCOffset> The measured offset for contact pair 3-4 if sample is van der Pauw, 5-2 if sample is Hall bar. Data type is NRf <contactPairCSlope> The measured slope for contact pair 3-4 if sample is van der Pauw, 5-2 if sample is Hall bar.
  • Page 101 CCHeck[:VDP]:STARt:MANual Summary Performs a contact check measurement on contact pairs 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, and 4-1 for a van der Pauw sample. Command Format CCHeck[:VDP]:STARt:MANual <excitationType>,<excitationValueStart>, <excitationValueEnd>,<excitationRange>, <measurementRange>,<complianceLimit>, <numberOfPoints>,<minimumRSquared>,<blankingTime> Parameters <excitationType> VOLTage, CURRent Data type is NAMED <excitationValueStart> The starting excitation value For voltage excitation -10 to 10 V For current excitation -100 e3 to 100 e-3 A Data type is NRf...
  • Page 102 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER CCHeck[:VDP]:STARt[:OPTimize] Summary Automatically determines excitation value and ranges. Then runs contact check on all 4 pairs for a van der Pauw sample. Command Format CCHeck[:VDP]:STARt[:OPTimize] <maxCurrent>,<maxVoltage>,<numberOfPoints>, <minimumRSquared>,<samplingTime> Parameters <maxCurrent> A 'not to exceed' output current value for the auto algorithm to use.

  • Page 103: Display:enable

    DISPlay:BRIGhtness Command Format DISPlay:BRIGhtness <brightness> Parameter <brightness> 0 (OFF), 25, 50, 75, 100 Data type is NR1 Query Format DISPlay:BRIGhtness? Return Parameter <brightness> (see above) Examples Command DISP:BRIG 50 Sets the display brightness to 50 Query DIG:BRIG? Query Response Indicates that the display brightness is set to 100 Remarks This command controls the intensity of the display on the device.
  • Page 104 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER "Setup": { "ExcitationType": 1, "ExcitationValue": 0.01, "ExcitationAutoRange": false, "ExcitationRange": 0.1, "ExcitationMeasurementRange": 0.1, "MeasurementAutoRange": false, "MeasurementRange": 0.1, "ComplianceLimit": 10.0, "MinimumHallVoltageSnr": 30.0, "MaxNumberOfSamples": 10, "UserDefinedFieldReadingInTesla": 0.9313, "Resistivity": 0.26, "BlankingTimeInSeconds": 0.002, "NumberOfVoltageCompensationSamplesToAverage": 1, "SampleThicknessInMeters": null, "Guid": "c02c4a82-c116-4c3f-8207-0a73e4bfd6a7" "HallVoltageSnr": 33665.326111799768, "HallVoltageAverageInVolts": -0.00178542105, "HallVoltageStandardErrorInVolts": 5.3034420164853415E-08, "HallCoefficientAverageInMetersCubedPerCoulomb": "NaN",...
  • Page 105 "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false "NegativeExcitation": { "VoltageInVolts": 0.001870144, "CurrentInAmps": -0.009984306, "ExcitationSetpoint": -0.01, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false "NegativeFieldConfiguration": { "PositiveExcitation": { "VoltageInVolts": 0.001868397, "CurrentInAmps": 0.00998818, "ExcitationSetpoint": 0.01, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false "NegativeExcitation": { "VoltageInVolts": -0.001696654, "CurrentInAmps": -0.009984307, "ExcitationSetpoint": -0.01, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false,...
  • Page 106 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER FASThall:RESult:JSON:DATA? Summary Retrieves data from a given sample taken during the last run FastHall™ measurement Query Format FASThall:RESult:JSON:DATA? <sampleIndex>,<pretty> Parameters <sampleIndex> Sample index, zero based. Data type is NR1 <pretty> Optional, pretty format JSON response. Defaults to False. Data type is bool Returns JSON serialized FastHall™...
  • Page 107 FASThall:RESult:JSON[:SUMMary]? Summary Retrieves summary results of the last run FastHall™ measurement, serialized as JSON. Query Format FASThall:RESult:JSON[:SUMMary]? <pretty> Parameters <pretty> Optional, pretty format JSON response. Defaults to False. Data type is bool Returns JSON serialized FastHall™ measurement result. Data type is NAMED Query FASThall:RESult:JSON? 1 Examples Query response...
  • Page 108 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER FASThall:RESult[:STANdard]:DATA? Summary Retrieves data from a given sample taken during the last run FastHall™ measurement. Query Format FASThall:RESult[:STANdard]:DATA? <sampleIndex> Parameters <sampleIndex> Sample index, zero based. Data type is NR1 Returns <HallVoltageInVolts>,<HallCoefficientInMetersCubedPerCoulomb>, <SheetHallCoefficientInMetersSquaredPerCoulomb>,<carrierType>, <CarrierConcentrationPerMetersCubed>,<SheetConcentrationPerMetersSquared>, <MobilityInMetersSquaredPerVoltSecond>,<FieldReadingInTesla>, <CurrentAverageInAmps> <HallVoltageInVolts>...
  • Page 109 FASThall:RESult[:STANdard]:RAW? Summary Retrieves the excitation setpoint, measured current, measured voltage, and compliance status for negative and positive excitations in both negative and positive field configurations from a given sample taken during the last run FastHall™ measurement. Query Format FASThall:RESult[:STANdard]:RAW? <sampleIndex> Parameters <sampleIndex>...
  • Page 110 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER <positiveFieldConfigurationNegativeExcitationVoltage> The measured voltage for positive field configuration's negative excitation. Data type is NRf <positiveFieldConfigurationPositiveExcitationSetpoint> The excitation setpoint for positive field configuration's positive excitation. Data type is NRf <positiveFieldConfigurationPositiveExcitationCurrent> The measured current for positive field configuration's positive excitation.
  • Page 111 <excitationMeasurementRange> The full scale range used to measure the excitation signal, dependent on excitationType. Data type is NRf <measurementRange> The full scale range of the measurement. For example, if excitation type is current, this is the full scale voltage range. Data type is NRf <complianceLimit>...
  • Page 112 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER <carrierConcentrationStandardError> The standard error of the bulk carrier concentration in units of per meters cubed. Data type is NRf <SheetCarrierConcentrationStandardErrorPerMetersSquared> The standard error of the sheet carrier concentration in units of per meters squared. Data type is NRf <HallCoefficientAverageInMetersCubedPerCoulomb>...
  • Page 113 Parameters <excitationType> VOLTage, CURRent Data type is NAMED <excitationValue> For voltage excitation -10 to 10 V For current excitation -100 e3 to 100 e-3 A Data type is NRf <excitationRange> For voltage excitation 0 to 10 V For current excitation 0 to 100 e-3 A AUTO sets the range to the best fit range for a given excitation value.
  • Page 114 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER <numberOfVoltageCompensationSamplesToAverage> The number of voltage compensation samples to average. Only applied for excitation type voltage. 1 to 120 DEFault = 60 Data type is Number <sampleThickness> Thickness of the sample in meters. 0 to 10 e-3 m DEFault = 0 m Data type is Number <minimumHallVoltageSnr>...
  • Page 115 <numberOfVoltageCompensationSamplesToAverage> The number of voltage compensation samples to average. Only applied for excitation type voltage. 1 - 120 DEFault = 60 Data type is Number <sampleThickness> Thickness of the sample in meters. 0 to 10 e-3 m DEFault = 0 m if resistivity measurement was NOT run DEFault = resistivity from last run resistivity measurement, if one was run Data type is Number...
  • Page 116 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER "Point1": 1, "Point2": 4 "ExcitationType": 1, "ExcitationValue": 0.0005, "ExcitationAutoRange": false, "ExcitationRange": 0.001, "MeasurementAutoRange": false, "MeasurementRange": 1.0, "ExcitationMeasurementRange": 0.01, "ComplianceLimit": 1.5, "BlankingTimeInSeconds": 0.003, "MaximumNumberOfSamples": 3, "MinimumResistanceSnr": "Infinity", "UseExcitationReversal": true, "SamplingTimeInSeconds": 0.0.0166666666666667, "Guid": "2f4db56f-8ec0-48a7-aa18-1807b579ecb8" "ResistanceSnr": 1320.0135758769798, "ResistanceAverageInOhms": 166.57247082481206, "ResistanceStandardErrorInOhms": 0.12618996794343271, "VoltageAverageInVolts": 0.083259233333333335, "VoltageStandardErrorInVolts": 6.4466840141094486E-05,...
  • Page 117 "VoltageInVolts": -0.08637053, "CurrentInAmps": -0.0005006393, "ExcitationSetpoint": -0.0005, "InCompliance": false, "CurrentOverload": false, "VoltageOverload": false "VoltageInVolts": 0.08329615, "CurrentInAmps": 0.00049982985, "ResistanceInOhms": 166.64901065832703, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false, "ActualBlankingTimeInSeconds": 0.003, "ActualSamplingTimeInSeconds": 0.0166666666666667, "Excitations": [ "VoltageInVolts": 0.08016813, "CurrentInAmps": 0.0004990384, "ExcitationSetpoint": 0.0005, "InCompliance": false, "CurrentOverload": false, "VoltageOverload": false "VoltageInVolts": -0.08609945, "CurrentInAmps": -0.0005006108,...
  • Page 118 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER FWIRe:RESult:JSON[:SUMMary]? Summary Retrieves summary results of the last run four wire measurement, serialized as JSON. Query Format FWIRe:RESult:JSON[:SUMMary]? <pretty> Parameters <pretty> Optional, pretty format JSON response. Defaults to False. Data type is bool Returns JSON serialized four wire measurement result. Data type is NAMED Query FWIRe:RESult:JSON? 1 Examples...
  • Page 119 FWIRe:RESult[:STANdard][:SUMMary]? Summary Retrieves the results of the last run four wire measurement. Query Format FWIRe:RESult[:STANdard][:SUMMary]? Returns <startDateTime>,<durationInSeconds>,<contactPairPoint1>,<contactPairPoint2>, <contactPairPoint3>,<contactPairPoint4>,<excitationType>,<excitationValue>, <excitationRange>,<measurementRange>,<excitationMeasurementRange>, <complianceLimit>,<blankingTimeInSeconds>,<MaximumNumberOfSamples>, <MinimumResistanceSnr>,<samplingTimeInSeconds>,<useExcitationReversal>, <ResistanceAverageInOhms>,<ResistanceStandardErrorInOhms>, <VoltageAverageInVolts>,<VoltageStandardErrorInAmps>,<CurrentAverageInAmps>, <CurrentStandardErrorInAmps>,<inCompliance>,<voltageOverload>, <currentOverload> <startDateTime> UTC date and time when the measurement was started in ISO 8601 format. Data type is string <DurationInSeconds>...
  • Page 120 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER <samplingTimeInSeconds>The time, in seconds, which measurements will be averaged over to get one sample. Data type is NRf <useExcitationReversal> Indicates whether or not excitation reversal was used. 1 = excitation reversal 0 = no excitation reversal. Data type is bool <ResistanceAverageInOhms>...
  • Page 121 AUTO sets the range to the best fit range for a given excitation value. NOTE: The hardware will be configured to best meet the desired range. Data type is Number <measurementRange> For voltage excitation, specify the current measurement range 0 to 100 e-3 A For current excitation, specify the voltage measurement range 0 to 10 V NOTE: The hardware will be configured to best meet the...
  • Page 122 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER HALl:HBAR[:DC]:STARt Summary Performs a DC Hall measurement for a Hall bar sample. Command Format HALl:HBAR[:DC]:STARt <excitationType>,<excitationValue>,<excitationRange>, <excitationMeasurementRange>,<measurementRange>,<complianceLimit>, <maxNumberOfSamples>,<userDefinedFieldReadingInTesla>, <withFieldReversal>,<resistivity>,<blankingTime>,<sampleThickness>, <minimumSnr>,<samplingTime> Parameters <excitationType> VOLTage, CURRent Data type is NAMED <excitationValue> For voltage excitation, -10 to 10 V For current excitation, -100 e-3 to 100 e-3 A Data type is NRf <excitationRange>...
  • Page 123 NOTE: When the resistivity is omitted or NaN (9.91 e+37), mobility is not calculated. Data type is Number <blankingTime> The time, in seconds, to wait for the hardware to settle before gathering readings. 0.5 to 300 s with a resolution of 0.1 ms DEFault = 2 ms MINimum = 0.5 ms MAXimum = 300 s...
  • Page 124 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER HALl[:DC]:RESult:JSON:ALL? Summary Retrieves the results of the last run DC Hall measurement, serialized as JSON. Query Format HALl[:DC]:RESult:JSON:ALL? <pretty> Parameters <pretty> Optional, pretty format JSON response. Defaults to False. Data type is bool Returns None Query HALl:DC:RESult:JSON:ALL? 1 Examples Query response...
  • Page 125 "SheetCarrierConcentrationAveragePerMetersSquared": 1.5247297669281667E+20, "SheetCarrierConcentrationStandardErrorPerMetersSquared": 1.259858402633378E+20, "PositiveFieldResultsSummary": { "PositiveExcitationHallVoltageAverageInVolts": 0.008500096, "PositiveExcitationHallVoltageStandardErrorInVolts": 2.1517319630938939E-05, "PositiveExcitationCurrentAverageInAmps": 0.0099954841999999981, "PositiveExcitationInCompliance": false, "PositiveExcitationVoltageOverload": false, "PositiveExcitationCurrentOverload": false, "NegativeExcitationHallVoltageAverageInVolts": -0.008281223, "NegativeExcitationHallVoltageStandardErrorInVolts": 1.2025488817507728E-05, "NegativeExcitationCurrentAverageInAmp": 0.009995947199999999, "NegativeExcitationInCompliance": false, "NegativeExcitationVoltageOverload": false, "NegativeExcitationCurrentOverload": false "NegativeFieldResultsSummary": { "PositiveExcitationHallVoltageAverageInVolts": 0.0084890608, "PositiveExcitationHallVoltageStandardErrorInVolts": 2.0779260177879121E-05, "PositiveExcitationCurrentAverageInAmps": 0.0099954822, "PositiveExcitationInCompliance": false, "PositiveExcitationVoltageOverload": false, "PositiveExcitationCurrentOverload": false, "NegativeExcitationHallVoltageAverageInVolts": -0.0082916978000000009,...
  • Page 126 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER "PositiveExcitationVoltageOverload": false, "PositiveExcitationCurrentOverload": false, "NegativeExcitationHallVoltageAverageInVolts": 0.0082348906, "NegativeExcitationHallVoltageStandardErrorInVolts": 1.4553178896724013E-06, "NegativeExcitationCurrentAverageInAmp": 0.0099953324, "NegativeExcitationInCompliance": false, "NegativeExcitationVoltageOverload": false, "NegativeExcitationCurrentOverload": false "NegativeFieldResultsSummary": { "PositiveExcitationHallVoltageAverageInVolts": -0.0082633413999999988, "PositiveExcitationHallVoltageStandardErrorInVolts": 4.4750247105464231E-06, "PositiveExcitationCurrentAverageInAmps": 0.0099949398, "PositiveExcitationInCompliance": false, "PositiveExcitationVoltageOverload": false, "PositiveExcitationCurrentOverload": false, "NegativeExcitationHallVoltageAverageInVolts": 0.0082451744, "NegativeExcitationHallVoltageStandardErrorInVolts": 2.2773556727048522E-06, "NegativeExcitationCurrentAverageInAmp": 0.0099951196, "NegativeExcitationInCompliance": false, "NegativeExcitationVoltageOverload": false, "NegativeExcitationCurrentOverload": false...
  • Page 127 "ContactConfiguration": "V4213", "PositiveExcitation": { "VoltageInVolts": -0.008263264, "CurrentInAmps": 0.009994991, "ExcitationSetpoint": 0.01, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false "NegativeExcitation": { "VoltageInVolts": 0.008235818, "CurrentInAmps": -0.00999531, "ExcitationSetpoint": -0.01, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false "NegativeFieldGeometryCData": { "ContactConfiguration": "V3142", "PositiveExcitation": { "VoltageInVolts": 0.008406538, "CurrentInAmps": 0.009995479, "ExcitationSetpoint": 0.01, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false,...
  • Page 128 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER "EndTime": "1970-01-01T19:32:33.88998-05:00", "DurationInSeconds": 6.217 HALl[:DC]:RESult:JSON:DATA? Summary Retrieves data from a given sample taken during the last run DC Hall measurement. Query Format HALl[:DC]:RESult:JSON:DATA? <sampleIndex>,<pretty> Parameters <sampleIndex> Sample index, zero based. Data type is NR1 <pretty> Optional, pretty format JSON response.
  • Page 129 "CurrentInAmps": 0.009995479, "ExcitationSetpoint": 0.01, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false "NegativeExcitation": { "VoltageInVolts": -0.008337834, "CurrentInAmps": -0.009995802, "ExcitationSetpoint": -0.01, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false "NegativeFieldGeometryDData": { "ContactConfiguration": "V4213", "PositiveExcitation": { "VoltageInVolts": -0.008245957, "CurrentInAmps": 0.009994914, "ExcitationSetpoint": 0.01, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false "NegativeExcitation": { "VoltageInVolts": 0.008253185,...
  • Page 130 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER HALl[:DC]:RESult:JSON[:SUMMary]? Summary Retrieves summary results of the last run DC Hall measurement, serialized as JSON. Query Format HALl[:DC]:RESult:JSON[:SUMMary]? <pretty>,<includeGeometries> Parameters <pretty> Optional, pretty format JSON response. Defaults to False. Data type is bool <includeGeometries> Optional, include summary data for C and D geometries. Defaults to False.
  • Page 131 HALl[:DC]:RESult[:STANdard]:DATA? Summary Retrieves data from a given sample taken during the last run DC Hall measurement. Query Format HALl[:DC]:RESult[:STANdard]:DATA? <sampleIndex> Parameters <sampleIndex> Sample index, zero based. Data type is NR1 Returns <hallVoltage>,<geometryCHallVoltage>,<geometryDHallVoltage>,<currentAverage>, <geometryCCurrentAverage>,<geometryDCurrentAverage>,<carrierType> <hallVoltage> The Hall voltage. Data type is NRf <geometryCHallVoltage>...
  • Page 132 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER <positiveFieldConfigurationNegativeExcitationSetpoint> The excitation setpoint for positive field configuration's negative excitation. Data type is NRf <positiveFieldConfigurationNegativeExcitationVoltage> The measured voltage for positive field configuration's negative excitation. Data type is NRf <positiveFieldConfigurationPositiveExcitationCurrent> The measured current for positive field configuration's positive excitation.
  • Page 133 HALl[:DC]:RESult[:STANdard][:SUMMary]? Summary Retrieves the results of the last run DC Hall measurement. Query Format HALl[:DC]:RESult[:STANdard][:SUMMary]? Returns <startDateTime>,<durationOfTestInSeconds>,<excitationType>,<excitationValue>, <excitationRange>,<excitationMeasurementRange>,<measurementRange>, <complianceLimit>,<numberOfSamplesToAverage>, <UserDefinedFieldReadingInTesla>,<resistivity>,<BlankingTimeInSeconds>, <SampleThicknessInMeters>,<minimumSnr>,<DcHallSnr>,<SamplingTimeInSeconds> <HallVoltageAverageInVolts>,<HallVoltageStandardErrorInVolts>, <HallCoefficientAverageInMetersCubedPerCoulomb>, <SheetHallCoefficientAverageInMetersSquaredPerCoulomb>, <HallCoefficientStandardErrorInMetersCubedPerCoulomb>, <SheetHallCoefficientStandardErrorInMetersSquaredPerCoulomb>,<carrierType>, <pTypeCount>,<nTypeCount>,<CarrierConcentrationAveragePerMetersCubed>, <SheetCarrierConcentrationAveragePerMetersSquared>, <CarrierConcentrationStandardError>, <SheetCarrierConcentrationStandarErrorPerMetersSquared>, <MobilityAverageInMetersSquaredPerVoltSecond>, <MobilityStandardErrorInMetersSquaredPerVoltSecond> <startDateTime> UTC date and time when the measurement was started in ISO 8601 format.
  • Page 134 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER <minimumSnr> The desired signal-to-noise ratio of the DC Hall measurement. Data type is NRf <DcHallSnr> The signal-to-noise ratio of the DC Hall measurement. Data type is NRf <SamplingTimeInSeconds>The time, in seconds, which measurements will be average over to get one sample.
  • Page 135 <MobilityStandardErrorInMetersSquaredPerVoltSecond> The standard error of the mobility in meters squared per volt second. Data type is NRf HALl[:DC]:RUNNing? Summary Indicates if the DC Hall measurement is running. Query Format HALl[:DC]:RUNNing? Returns The measurement is running. Data type is bool HALl[:DC]:WAITing? Summary Indicates if the DC Hall measurement is waiting.
  • Page 136 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER 100 e-3 A For current excitation, specify the voltage compliance 1 to 10 V Data type is NRf <maxNumberOfSamples> When minimumSnr is omitted or INFinity (9.9 e+37), the total number of samples to average is 1-1000. When minimumSnr is specified, the maximum number of samples to average is 10-1000.
  • Page 137 RESistivity:HBAR:STARt Summary Performs a resistivity measurement on a Hall bar sample. Command Format RESistivity:HBAR:STARt <excitationType>,<excitationValue>,<excitationRange>, <excitationMeasurementRange>,<measurementRange>,<complianceLimit>,<width>, <separation>,<maxNumberOfSamples>, <blankingTime>,<sampleThickness>, <minimumSnr>,<samplingTime> Parameters <excitationType> VOLTage, CURRent Data type is NAMED <excitationValue> For voltage excitation -10 to 10 V For current excitation -100 e3 to 100 e-3 A Data type is NRf <excitationRange>...
  • Page 138 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER MAXimum = 300 s Data type is Number <sampleThickness> Thickness of the sample in meters. 0 to 10 e-3 m DEFault = 0 m Data type is Number <minimumSnr> The desired signal to noise ratio of the measurement calculated using average resistivity / error of mean 1 - 1000, or INFinity (9.9 e+37).
  • Page 139 "ExcitationMeasurementRange": 1E-05, "MeasurementAutoRange": false, "MeasurementRange": 0.1, "ComplianceLimit": 1.5, "SampleWidthInMeters": null, "SampleArmSeparationInMeters": null, "MaxNumberOfSamples": 25, "BlankingTimeInSeconds": 0.0024, "SampleThicknessInMeters": 0.001, "MinimumSnr": 30.0, "Guid": "2860ada9-4c68-45fd-87ea-a734aa8c9b44" "ResistivitySnr": 31.487073734504811, "ResistivityAverageInOhmMeters": 0.00088881560980731949, "SheetResistivityAverageInOhmsPerSquare": 0.88881560980731933, "ResistivityStandardErrorInOhmMeters": 2.8227952120978436E-05, "SheetResistivityStandardErrorInOhmsPerSquare": 0.028227952120978436, "GeometryAResistivityAverageInOhmMeters": 0.00088921656986532308, "GeometryASheetResistivityAverageInOhmsPerSquare": 0.88921656986532316, "GeometryAResistivityStandardErrorInOhmMeters": 3.1424935834095014E-05, "GeometryASheetResistivityStandardErrorInOhmsPerSquare": 0.031424935834095023, "GeometryAFValueAverage": 0.47295516582624647, "GeometryBResistivityAverageInOhmMeters": 0.00088841464974931568, "GeometryBSheetResistivityAverageInOhmsPerSquare": 0.88841464974931572,...
  • Page 140 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER "PositiveExcitation": { "VoltageInVolts": 8.840124E-05, "CurrentInAmps": 1.000684E-05, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false "NegativeExcitation": { "VoltageInVolts": 7.190482E-05, "CurrentInAmps": -9.992138E-06, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false "ResistanceInOhms": 0.8248631, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false "ContactConfiguration": "R4312", "PositiveExcitation": { "VoltageInVolts": 8.063428E-05, "CurrentInAmps": 1.000026E-05, "InCompliance": false,...
  • Page 141 "IsRunning": false, "StartTime": "1970-01-02T03:03:42.290236-05:00", "EndTime": "1970-01-02T03:03:46.064352-05:00", "DurationInSeconds": 3.773 RESistivity:RESult:JSON:DATA? Summary Retrieves the resistivity and F value of both geometries A and B along with all mea- surements for a given sample. Van der Pauw results are shown in this example. Query Format RESistivityl:RESult:JSON:DATA? <sampleIndex>,<pretty>...
  • Page 142 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER "ResistanceInOhms": 0.7979757, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false "ContactConfiguration": "R4312", "PositiveExcitation": { "VoltageInVolts": 8.006728E-05, "CurrentInAmps": 1.000784E-05, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false "NegativeExcitation": { "VoltageInVolts": 8.09014E-05, "CurrentInAmps": -1.000535E-05, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false "ResistanceInOhms": -0.04167845, "InCompliance": false, "VoltageOverload": false, "CurrentOverload": false...
  • Page 143 RESistivity:RESult:JSON[:SUMMary]? Summary Retrieves summary results of the last run resistivity measurement, serialized as JSON. Van der Pauw results are shown in this example. Query Format RESistivity:RESult:JSON[:SUMMary]? <pretty> Parameters <pretty> Optional, pretty format JSON response. Defaults to False. Data type is bool Returns JSON serialized resistivity measurement result.
  • Page 144 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER RESistivity:RESult[:STANdard]:DATA? Summary Retrieves the resistivity and F value of both geometries A and B for a given sample. Query Format RESistivity:RESult[:STANdard]:DATA? <sampleIndex> Parameters <sampleIndex> Sample index, zero based Data type is NR1 Returns <ResistivityInOhmMeters>,<SheetResistivityInOhmsPerSquare>, <GeometryAResistivityInOhmMeters>, <GeometryASheetResistivityInOhmsPerSquare>,<geometryAFValue>, <GeometryBResistivityInOhmMeters>, <GeometryBSheetResistivityInOhmsPerSquare>,<geometryBFValue>...
  • Page 145 RESistivity:RESult[:STANdard]:RAW? Summary Retrieves the measured voltage, current, and calculated current reversed resistance for a given contact configuration and sample. Query Format RESistivity:RESult[:STANdard]:RAW? <sampleIndex>,<contactConfiguration> Parameters <sampleIndex> Sample index, zero based Data type is NR1 <contactConfiguration> van der Pauw: R2134, R3241, R4312, or R1423 Hall bar: R5614 or R5623 Data type is ContactConfiguration Returns...
  • Page 146 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER RESistivity:RESult[:STANdard][:SUMMary]? Summary Retrieves the results of the last run resistivity measurement. Query Format RESistivity:RESult[:STANdard][:SUMMary]? Returns <startDateTime>,<durationOfTest>,<excitationType>,<excitationValue>, <excitationRange>,<excitationmeasurementRange>,<measurementRange>, <complianceLimit>,<MaxNumberOfSamples>,<blankingTimeInSeconds>, <SampleThicknessInMeters>,<minimumSnr>,<ResistivityAverageInOhmMeters>, <SheetResistivityAverageInOhmsPerSquare>, <ResistivityStandardErrorInOhmMeters>, <SheetResistivityStandardErrorInOhmsPerSquare>,<resistivitySnr>, <GeometryAResistivityAverageInOhmMeters>, <GeometryASheetResistivityAverageInOhmsPerSquare>, <GeometryAResistivityStandardErrorInOhmMeters>, <GeometryASheetResistivityStandardErrorInOhmsPerSquare>, <geometryAFValue>,<GeometryBResistivityAverageInOhmMeters>, <GeometryBSheetResistivityAverageInOhmsPerSquare>, <GeometryBResistivityStandardErrorInOhmMeters>, <GeometryBSheetResistivityStandardErrorInOhmsPerSquare>, <geometryBFValue> <startDateTime> UTC date and time when the measurement was started in ISO 8601 format Data type is string <durationOfTest>...
  • Page 147 <ResistivityAverageInOhmMeters>Average bulk resistivity, in units of Ohm * Meters. Data type is NRf <SheetResistivityAverageInOhmsPerSquare> Average sheet resistivity, in units of ohms per square. Data type is NRf <ResistivityStandardErrorInOhmMeters>Standard error of the bulk resistivity, in units of ohm*meters Data type is NRf <SheetResistivityStandardErrorInOhmsPerSquare>...
  • Page 148 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER RESistivity[:VDP]:STARt Summary Performs a resistivity measurement for a van der Pauw sample. Command Format RESistivity[:VDP]:STARt <excitationType>,<excitationValue>,<excitationRange>, <excitationMeasurementRange>,<measurementRange>, <complianceLimit>,<maxNumberOfSamples>, <blankingTime>,<sampleThickness>,<minimumSnr>, <samplingTime> Parameters <excitationType> VOLTage, CURRent Data type is NAMED <excitationValue> For voltage excitation -10 to 10 V For current excitation -100 e3 to 100 e-3 A Data type is NRf <excitationRange>...
  • Page 149 DEFault = 0 m Data type is Number <minimumSnr> The desired signal to noise ratio of the measurement calculated using average resistivity / error of mean 1 to1000, or INFinity (9.9 e+37). DEFault = 30 Data type is Number <samplingTime> The sampling time, in seconds, which measurements will be averaged over to get one sample.

  • Page 150: Status:operation

    4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER STATus:OPERation Remarks This group of commands, known as the Operation Status Register, contains informa- tive conditions which are part of the normal operation of the M91. The following table provides the bit definitions for the operation status register. Bit(s) Description Not used...
  • Page 151 STATus:QUEStionable Remarks This group of commands, known as the Questionable Status Register, contain infor- mative conditions which can indicate that the quality of the output signal of the MeasureReady ™ M91 FastHall™ measurement controller might be compromised. The following table provides the bit definitions for the questionable status register. Bit(s) Description Source in voltage compliance/current limit...

  • Page 152: System:error

    4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER SYSTem:AUTODATETIME Command Format SYSTem:AUTODATETIME <on/off> Parameter <on/off> 0 = auto date/time disabled. 1 = auto date/time enabled Data type is bool Query Format SYSTem:AUTODATETIME? Return Parameter <on/off> Examples Command SYST:AUTODATETIME 1 Enables auto date/time Query SYST:AUTODATETIME? Remarks This command will automatically set the date and time for the user.

  • Page 153: System:factoryreset

    Remarks Queries the error/event queue for all the unread items and removes them from the queue. If there are multiple errors queued, the response returns a comma separated list of code, error message pairs, in FIFO order. If the queue is empty, the response code is 0 and the error message is “No error”.

  • Page 154: System:preset

    4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER SYSTem:PRESet Command Format SYSTem:PRESet Parameter None Examples Command SYST:PRES Remarks This command sets the device to the same state as the front-panel reset instrument settings key. SYSTem:TIME Command Format SYSTem:TIME <hour>,<minute>,<second> Parameter <hour> 0 to 23 <minute>...
  • Page 155 TESLameter:FETCh:FIELd? Summary Gets a field reading. Query Format TESLameter:FETCh:FIELd? Returns Field reading. Data type is NRf TESLameter:SOURce:FIELd:MODE Summary Sets the current field control mode. Command Format TESLameter:SOURce:FIELd:MODE <fieldControlMode> Parameters <fieldControlMode> OPLOOP for open loop, CLLOOP for closed loop. Data type is FieldControlMode TESLameter:SOURce:FIELd:MODE? Summary Gets the current field control mode.
  • Page 156 4: Computer Interface Operation HAPTER MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ Measurement Controller...

  • Page 157: Chapter 5: Options And Accessories

    Chapter 5: Options and Accessories 5.1 General This chapter provides information on the models, options, and accessories available for the MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ measurement controller. 5.2 Models and The list of M91 source model numbers and kits follows: Kits Model Description Standard MeasureReady™...

  • Page 158: Rack Mounting

    5: Options and Accessories HAPTER 5.5 Rack Mounting The MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ measurement controller can be installed into a half rack or dual half rack mount using the optional Lake Shore rack mount kits. The kits contain the necessary parts to mount one instrument with the provided blank, or two instruments side by side in a rack mount space, 483 mm (19 in) wide by 88.9 mm (3.5 in) high.
  • Page 159 5.5.2 Dual Half Rack Refer to the figure below for dual half rack installation details. Mounting FIGURE 5-2 Dual half rack mounting www.lakeshore.com...
  • Page 160 5: Options and Accessories HAPTER MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ Measurement Controller...

  • Page 161: Troubleshooting

    Chapter 6: Service 6.1 Overview This chapter provides basic service information for the MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ measurement controller. Customer service of the product is limited to the information presented in this chapter. Lake Shore trained service personnel should be consulted if the instrument requires repair. 6.2 USB This section provides USB interface troubleshooting for issues that arise with new installations, existing installations, and intermittent lockups.

  • Page 162: System Troubleshooting

    6: Service HAPTER 6.3 System Troubleshooting 6.3.1 Factory Reset It is sometimes necessary to reset instrument parameter values to factory defaults. System settings are stored in nonvolatile memory, and can be cleared without affecting instrument calibration. To reset the instrument to the factory defaults: 1.
  • Page 163 Corrupt In this state, one or more of the calibration constants is invalid, resulting in a mis- match of the calculated and stored checksums. FIGURE 6-3 Calibration error: corrupt Not Passed In this case, the calibration data is not corrupt, default or uninitialized and is there- fore considered valid, from a data integrity standpoint.
  • Page 164 6: Service HAPTER 6.3.3 Firmware 6.3.3.1 Overview Updates This section provides instructions on updating your firmware. The M91 FastHall™ measurement controller can update its firmware manually by attaching a USB Type-C™ stick to the rear panel, or by downloading and installing updates from Lake Shore with an M91 connected to the internet.
  • Page 165 If the M91 notifies you that a firmware update is available, tap “Update available”. A pop-up notification will appear, prompting you to install. Click Install and follow any on-screen instructions. FIGURE 6-6 Firmware updates 6.3.3.2 Manual Update Procedure Using USB Type-C™ Firmware can be downloaded from the lake shore website and manually installed on the M91 using a USB Type-C™...

  • Page 166: Status Messages

    6: Service HAPTER 6.4 Error and The following are error and status messages that may be displayed by the M91 during operation. Status Messages Message Description 1. An attempt was made to set the voltage range to 100 V while the DC current limit was set to a value greater than 10 mA.
  • Page 167 6.6 Rear Panel The connectors on the rear panel are defined below. Connector Definition FIGURE 6-7 Triaxial sample connectors Description Center conductor Output high Inner shield Driven guard voltage output Outer shield Output low (source common) TABLE 6-2 Triaxial sample connectors settings FIGURE 6-8 Analog input Description Center conductor...
  • Page 168 6: Service HAPTER FIGURE 6-10 Signal return Description Signal return Signal return TABLE 6-5 Signal return settings FIGURE 6-11 Digital I/O port Digital input description Ground +5 V Digital input 4 low Digital input 4 high Digital input 3 low Digital input 3 high Digital input 2 low Digital input 2 high...
  • Page 169 FIGURE 6-12 Ethernet pin and connector Symbol Description TXD+ Transmit data+ TXD- Transmit data- RXD+ Receive data+ EPWR+ Power from switch+ (not used) EPWR+ Power from switch+ (not used) RXD- Receive data- EPWR- Power from switch- (not used) EPWR- Power from switch- (not used) TABLE 6-7 Ethernet pin and connector details FIGURE 6-13 USB pin and connector Name...
  • Page 170 6: Service HAPTER FIGURE 6-14 USB Type-C™ connector TX1+ TX1- VBUS CC1 SBU1 VBUS RX2- RX2+ RX1+ RX1- VBUS SBU2 VBUS TX2- TX2+ FIGURE 6-15 USB Type-C™ connector Name Description Name Description Ground return Ground return SuperSpeed differential pair #1, SuperSpeed differential pair #2, SSTXp1 SSRXp1...
  • Page 171 6.7 Summary of This section outlines the internal memory devices used inside the MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ measurement controller, and provides an explana- Internal Memory tion of the types of data they contain. Devices Printed circuit Field Manufacturer Part number Description Location Function Volatility...

  • Page 172: Technical Inquiries

    You will receive a response within 24 hours or the next business day in the event of weekends or holidays. If you wish to contact Service or Sales by mail or telephone, use the following: Lake Shore Cryotronics Instrument Service Department Mailing address 575 McCorkle Blvd.
  • Page 173 6.8.4 Shipping Charges All shipments to Lake Shore are to be made prepaid by the customer. Equipment serviced under warranty will be returned prepaid by Lake Shore. Equipment serviced out-of-warranty will be returned FOB Lake Shore. 6.8.5 Restocking Fee Lake Shore reserves the right to charge a restocking fee for items returned for exchange or reimbursement.
  • Page 174 6: Service HAPTER MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ Measurement Controller...
  • Page 175 Appendix: MeasureReady™ FastHall™ Station A.1 Overview The MeasureReady™ FastHall™ station is the industry’s first high-performance tabletop Hall measurement system to provide fast, accurate Hall analysis. For full details, see: https://www.lakeshore.com/FHS. A.1.1 Features Van der Pauw and Hall bar geometries supported Excitation parameter optimization for one-button operation High performance for measuring mobilities down to 0.01 cm /V s and...
  • Page 176 Appendix A: MeasureReady™ FastHall™ Station A.1.4 Patented The station contains all the sourcing, measurement, and switching instrumentation plus firmware needed to execute a complete measurement sequence. Key to its speed FastHall™ Technology is the M91 controller provided. Using Lake Shore’s patented FastHall™ technology, the instrument automatically executes measurement steps and provides better mea- surements faster, especially when working with low-mobility materials –...
  • Page 177 A.1.6 The FastHall™ station uses MeasureLINK™-MCS software, which is pre-loaded on the system computer. The software can also be downloaded at no charge from MeasureLINK™-MCS https://www.lakeshore.com/software/. The FastHall station includes the latest ver- Software sion of the scripting development license (ML-SDL), which allows users to edit the standard experiments and create new ones.
  • Page 178 Appendix A: MeasureReady™ FastHall™ Station For full specifications, see: https://www.lakeshore.com/FHS/ Specifications Feature Description 23 °C to ± 5 °C at rated accuracy Ambient temperature 10 °C to 35 °C at reduced accuracy Power requirement 100 V to 240 V (universal input), 50 Hz or 60 Hz, 30 VA Size MeasureReady™...
  • Page 179 A.3 Equipment Safety Symbols Direct current (power line) CAUTION or WARNING: See included documentation; background color: yellow; Alternating current (power line) symbol and outline: black Alternating or direct current (power line) Equipment protected throughout by double insulation or reinforces insulation (equivalent to Class II of Three-phase alternating current (power line) IEC 536—see Annex H) Earth (ground) terminal...
  • Page 180 Appendix A: MeasureReady™ FastHall™ Station A.4 Installation A.4.1 Inspection and Inspect shipping containers for external damage before opening them. Photograph any container that has significant damage before opening it. Inspect all items for Unpacking both visible and hidden damage that occurred during shipment. If there is visible damage to the contents of the container, contact the shipping company and Lake Shore immediately, preferably within five days of receipt of goods, for instruc- tions on how to file a proper insurance claim.
  • Page 181 A.4.1.1 Unpacking 1. Unpack the measurement platform. 2. Unpack the M91 FastHall™ measurement . 3. Unpack the computer and monitor: The system computer and monitor are packed in the original manufacturer’s packaging. Remove the packaging. Set these components aside in preparation for completing the system setup and assembly.
  • Page 182 Appendix A: MeasureReady™ FastHall™ Station Power: connects the power. Cable, digital ground: connects the MeasureReady™ M91 FastHall™ measurement controller to the power supply. Cable, triax: connects the M91 input/output to the sample holder. Cable, multi function: connects the power supply to the sample holder and the M91. While Ethernet is provided with the computer, Lake Shore assumes no responsibility for making the computer communicate with your network.
  • Page 183 3. Connect the ground wire from the measurement platform to the M91 using a Phillips screwdriver. FIGURE A-10 Ground wire 4. Mount the sample insert onto the standard light-tight option body. FIGURE A-11 Sample insert 5. Connect the triaxial cables. The ends marked with warning labels attach to the insert.

  • Page 184: Optional Components

    Appendix A: MeasureReady™ FastHall™ Station A.4.4 Optional A.4.4.1 Connecting the Gate Bias Components For applications requiring a gate bias signal, the voltage source is connected as fol- lows: = source holder pin 7 = source holder pin 8 SIG-RTN: generally required to connect the signal common connectors of the M91 and gate bias source together.
  • Page 185 A.5 Operation The following section explains basic operation of the MeasureReady™ FastHall™ station. A.5.1 Overview The FastHall™ station is a complete Hall measurement system utilizing a permanent magnet. It automates the process of making the measurement, and provides an easy way to determine important transport properties such as material resistivity, carrier concentration, mobility and the Hall coefficient.
  • Page 186 Appendix A: MeasureReady™ FastHall™ Station To place the sample in a 0 T field, manually pull the magnet to the end of the assembly as shown. This ensures a 0 T field and is independent of the orientation of the magnet orientation. FIGURE A-15 Magnet orientation: 0 T To place the sample in a +1 T (positive orientation) field, ensure the field arrow on the magnet is aligned with the positive orientation marking on the sample...
  • Page 187 Reversing the magnet inadvertently will cause the Hall voltage to be the opposite polarity and therefore, the carrier type determination will be incorrect (for example, an actual n-type semiconductor sample will report to be a p-type). A.5.2.2 Locking the Magnet for Transport A locking pin is included in the sample holder assembly to ensure that the magnet is secured before transporting the FastHall™...
  • Page 188 Appendix A: MeasureReady™ FastHall™ Station A.5.4 Exchanging a The FastHall™ station uses a high precision sample card with plug-in sample cards. The sample cards are available in two basic varieties, prober cards and solder pad Sample cards. The prober card has four, spring-loaded contacts to implement a van der Pauw geom- etry sample with maximum dimensions of 10 x 10 mm.
  • Page 189 A.5.5 Making a The basic Hall measurement consists of three steps: 1. Checking the sample contacts to ensure they are ohmic (i.e. linear). Measurement 2. Measuring the resistivity. These first two steps are performed at 0 T field. 3. Placing the sample into a known magnetic field and measuring the Hall voltage. After the completion of these measurements, the derived parameters can be calcu- lated.

  • Page 190: Maintenance And Troubleshooting

    Appendix A: MeasureReady™ FastHall™ Station A.6 Maintenance This section covers maintenance and troubleshooting. Customer service of the prod- uct is limited to the information presented in this chapter. Factory trained service personnel should be consulted if the instrument requires further repair. Damage to Troubleshooting the system can result if these procedures are not done properly.
  • Page 191 Prying the sample up with tweezers or a razor blade can damage the sample. Pushing on the sample with any hard, sharp object can also cause damage. Remove lead wires from the sample with tweezers and a soldering iron. To reuse a card, remove any adhesive left on the card and remove all leads.
  • Page 192 Appendix A: MeasureReady™ FastHall™ Station A.6.5 Measurement This section provides troubleshooting for measurements. Troubleshooting A.6.5.1 DC Calibration Troubleshooting When performing DC calibration, you may confront two types of issues: those that materialize when attempting to run a calibration, and those that materialize in the data of the calibration.
  • Page 193 Ensure that the temperature of the sample is as stable as possible. Insert the sample into the magnet, wait 1 h, then re-run the test. A.6.5.4 InAs Measurement Troubleshooting If the InAs test shows up as p type in the AC mode, but n type in the DC mode, perform the following checks.

  • Page 194: Service Reference

    Appendix A: MeasureReady™ FastHall™ Station A.7 Service This section provides information for line voltage selection, electrical ground connection, ESD and safety information. Reference A.7.1 Line Voltage The instrument chassis and cabinets are grounded for safety. The safety ground provides a true ground path for electrical circuitry and, in the event of internal Selection electrical faults such as shorts, it carries the entire fault current to ground to protect users from electrical shock.
  • Page 195 A.7.4 Identification of The following are various industry symbols used to label components as ESD sensitive. Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive Components FIGURE 5-21 Symbols indicating ESD sensitivity A.7.5 Handling Observe all precautions necessary to prevent damage to ESDS components before attempting installation. Bring the device and everything that contacts it to ground Electrostatic Discharge potential by providing a conductive surface and discharge paths.

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