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Summary of Contents for TransCore AI1422E
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AI1422E incorporates the latest technology while maintaining the functionality of the original AI1422. The AI1422E is available in two compliance options: FCC or ETSI. The FCC compliant version is an ATA only 902.25-921.50 MHz fixed frequency reader. The ETSI compliant version is an ATA only 865.75-867.5 MHz frequency hopping reader.
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Unauthorized modification may void the equipment authorization from the FCC and will void the warranty. USE OF SHIELDED CABLES AND GROUNDING 47 CFR §15.27(A) NOTE: Shielded cables and earth grounding the unit is recommended for this equipment to comply with FCC regulations. TRANSCORE, LP...
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AI1422E Reader User Guide AVERTISSEMENT À L’ATTENTION DES UTILISATEURS AUX ÉTATS-UNIS DÉCLARATION 47 CFR §90.351 (CODE DES RÈGLEMENTS FÉDÉRAUX) DE LA FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (FCC) SUR LES SERVICES DE LOCALISATION ET DE CONTRÔLE REMARQUE : L’utilisateur est tenu d’obtenir une licence d’utilisation sur site Partie 90 auprès de la Federal Communications Commission (FCC) afin de pouvoir utiliser ce dispositif RFID (radio- identification) aux États-Unis ou au Canada.
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NOTE: The user is required to obtain a license from Industry Canada (IC), to operate this radio frequency identification (RFID) device in Canada. The IC ID number is 1584A-AI1422E, access the IC website at www.ic.gc.ca to obtain additional information concerning licensing requirements.
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Occupational (Controlled) and General Population/ Public (Uncontrolled), the recommended levels for each of the agencies are presented in the next sections with TransCore’s recommendations for safety in the last section. OSHA (OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION) OSHA (an agency of The United States of America) legislates in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 29 Part 1910 Subpart G 1910.97 titled “Nonionizing radiation”, a maximum safe exposure...
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The MPE minimum distances are 18 in (45 cm) for the Controlled environment and 47 in (120 cm) for the General Public/Uncontrolled environment. TransCore Recommendation on MPE (Maximum Permissible Exposure) The calculated power densities and MPE distance for each of the agencies respective to the environment is shown below.
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(accès contrôlé) ou pour la population générale/le grand public (accès non contrôlé), TransCore présente les niveaux recommandés par chaque organisme dans ses recommandations sécuritaires détaillées dans la dernière section.
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45 cm (18 po) pour l’environnement professionnel/contrôlé et de 120 cm (47 po) pour le grand public/ environnement non contrôlé. Recommandations de TransCore sur les limites d’exposition maximale autorisée (normes MPE) Les densités de puissance et la distance MPE calculées par chaque organisme pour un environnement donné...
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AI1422E Reader User Guide Avec l’appareil installé et fonctionnant à la puissance de transmission maximale de 2,0 W (33 dBm), 0 dB d’atténuation de transmission, et en utilisant le gain d’antenne maximal pour lequel l’appareil a reçu une certification, les recommandations pour chaque environnement d’exploitation sont les suivantes : L’antenne devrait être installée à...
U.S. Licensing This AI1422E Reader System requires an FCC Part 90 license to operate in the U.S. The authorized frequency bands in the U.S. are 902.25-903.75 and 910.00-921.50 MHz only if the reader does not modulate (i.e.
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Appendix A Character Conversion......A–54 Appendix B Technical Specifications ......B–55 Appendix C Lantronix®...
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Figure 2 Antenna-to-Tag Centerline Tolerance ... 1–4 Figure 3 Front Panel of an AI1422E Reader ... . . 2–5 Figure 4 Pin Designations for M12 Connector ... 2–6 Figure 5 IO Interface Drawing .
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Figure 29 Launch DeviceInstaller from the Start Menu ..C–58 Figure 30 Change IP Address and Subnet Mask of NIC Card. . C–59 Figure 31 Prompt if Computer has Multiple NIC cards ..C–59 Figure 32 NIC Card Options Screen ....C–60 Figure 33 ...
(ID) equipment. This reader system uses radio frequency (RF) energy to read data from tags. The AI1422E Reader System then decodes the tag ID information, validates the ID code, and transmits tag data directly to a host processor for real-time data processing and use.
Reader and RF module, combined in one unit Reader Power Regulation and Filtering The AI1422E Reader System uses an input voltage ranging from 24 VDC to 110 VDC (12 VDC to 150 VDC Min/Max). The reader system incorporates a high-performance, DC-to-DC power supply that converts voltage in this range to 24 VDC.
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Tag Mounting All tags used with the AI1422E must be mounted on a flat metal plate. The internal antennas of these tags are tuned for the backplane of the tag to be in contact with a flat metal surface. This metal surface does not need to be extended beyond the outer dimensions of the tag, and having a larger metal surface will not affect the immediate performance of the tag.
AI1422E Reader User Guide Antenna-to-Tag Distance Many installations have been installed with a nominal 11.8 in (30 cm) distance from the backplane of the reader antenna to the back edge of the tag (Figure 2). Figure 2 Antenna-to-Tag Centerline Tolerance 1–4 TransCore Proprietary...
SWITCH Figure 3 Front Panel of an AI1422E Reader Antenna Interface Attach the antenna cable directly to the antenna interface on the front panel of the AI1422E Reader System. The antenna cable length depends on the installation. Ethernet (M12) Interface The AI1422E Reader incorporates a Lantronix® Ethernet to Serial conversion module, which is used to add full Ethernet compatibility into the reader.
AI1422E Reader User Guide Pin Number Operation Receive + Transmit + Receive - Transmit - Figure 4 Pin Designations for M12 Connector I/O Interface The customer I/O interface connector contains the tag lock, main power, RF Power outputs (solid state), trigger signals (solid state), and RS–422 (Figure 5). A mating connector for the customer I/O interface is supplied with each unit.
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10K ohm resistor. Power Connector The power connector on the front panel of the AI1422E Reader System is a panel mount, right angle, EPIC ® HA-3 style 3 pin plus ground rectangular connector. Interface Selection Switch The AI1422E Reader incorporates a communications interface selection switch, which allows on-the-fly changes to the communications mode.
AI1422E Reader User Guide Main RS–232 Interface The main RS–232 interface is a standard DB–9 plug connector used with a host processor. In real-time mode, tag IDs are read and passed on to the host processor. Figure 6 illustrates the RS–232, DB–9 plug connector pin-outs.
Equipment should be installed and serviced only by skilled, qualified personnel in restricted access locations. Mechanical The AI1422E has a standard 1U sized hole pattern. For installation, use No. 10 rack US screws and torque to 25-30 in-lbs. For metric, use M6 screws and torque to 3-4 N-m. Refer to Figure 7 for diagram and dimensions.
AI1422E Reader User Guide 2. Unlatch the plug from the receptacle on the unit and remove it (Figure 9). Figure 9 Remove Plug from Receptacle Locate the set screw on the plug housing. Remove the screw and plug-insert from the housing (Figure 10). Figure 10 Remove Screw and Plug Insert 4.
Figure 14 Thread Wires Through Assembly 8. Loosen the wire retention screws on the wire harness. Insert the wires into their respective pins and tighten the retention screws to ensure wires cannot be removed (Figure 15). Figure 15 Thread Wires Through Assembly TransCore Proprietary 3–11...
AI1422E Reader User Guide 9. Insert the wire harness into the insert clip until the tabs click into place (Figure 16). Figure 16 Insert Wire Harness into Insert Clip 10. Place the insert back into the plug housing and tighten the set screw (Figure 17).
2. Reinstall the power connector. Press the latch firmly to ensure proper connection (Figure 20). Figure 20 Reinstall Power Connector 3. Toggle the ON/OFF switch to the ON position and ensure the PWR ON indicator is illuminated (Figure 21). Figure 21 Power the Unit to ON TransCore Proprietary 3–13...
AI1422E Reader User Guide Disconnecting power 4. Toggle the ON/OFF switch to the OFF position and ensure that the PWR ON indicator is not illuminated (Refer to Figure 19). Figure 22 Connector Latch 5. Unlatch the connector (Figure 22). Figure 23 Remove Plug from Receptacle 6. Gently remove plug from receptacle (Figure 23).
Chapter 3 Installation For proper grounding, refer to the diagram in Figure 25. NOTE: Grounding cable should be 16 AWG or larger Figure 25 Proper Single Ground Screw Diagram TransCore Proprietary 3–15...
When using RS-232, a null modem is required. 3. Slide the Interface Selection switch on the front panel of the reader to RS–232. Refer to “Figure 3 Front Panel of an AI1422E Reader” on page 2–5 to view a diagram of the front panel.
8. Position a programmed TransCore rail tag with a backplate within 2 to 3 feet (0.6 to 0.9 m) of the antenna. No other tag can be in this 2 to 3 foot (0.6 to 0.9 m) area during this test.
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AI1422E Reader User Guide 9. Verify that the lock LED is illuminated and that the PC is acquiring the tag data. Note: If the !41 command was issued prior to this test, the PC will be receiving a continuous stream of tag data. If the !41 command was not issued, the reader responds with only one response.
Note: TransCore recommends that XON/XOFF flow control be disabled while using ECP. Basic Protocol With basic protocol, messages sent to and from the AI1422E Reader and the host are transmitted without error checking. For each host transmission, the AI1422E Reader returns a !Done or !Error message to the host.
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Reader and the host must issue a message if any received character has a parity error. However, the message must not be transmitted before receipt of the eom character. In this case, the AI1422E Reader will issue an !Error message, and the host computer will issue a negative acknowledgment message.
Note: If you are using Wiegand mode, you must connect the PC or laptop to the AI1422E Reader using the RS–232 or RS–422 interface and a terminal emulation program to send commands to the reader.
AI1422E Reader User Guide Note: The AI1422E Reader transmits ID codes to the host computer when the AI1422E Reader is in Data Mode. If the AI1422E Reader remains in Command Mode with tags passing through the read zone, no tag IDs are reported.
Start of Message and Message Type. Cyclical Redundancy Appendix E on page E–84 for a description Check of the CRC algorithm. This is a fixed value of 40 hexadecimal, for this command. There is no carriage return or line feed for this message. TransCore Proprietary 6–23...
AI1422E Reader User Guide Table 4 Status Response Message Fields Field Description ASCII These two bytes, along with the Message Type Start of Message 7E7E byte, designate the start of the data message. An 02H indicates that this message is a status Message Type response.
Includes the Start of Message, Message Type, Cyclical Redundancy Seen Count and Transponder ID. Refer to 00 - FF Check Appendix E on page E–84 for a description of the CRC algorithm. There is no carriage return or line feed for this message. TransCore Proprietary 6–25...
9800 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity, software flow control (XON/XOFF), basic protocol. While in Download Mode, the AI1422E Reader turns RF off, does not process tags, and does not echo host commands. Command List Reader commands are divided into groups based on primary function.
Reader response: No Response Communications Port Control Group 1 commands configure the parameters used by the AI1422E Reader to communicate with a host computer or terminal. These commands set baud rate, stop bits, parity, and end-of-line delay. TransCore Proprietary...
1022 Select odd parity Real-time Clock Group 2 commands control the real-time clock which maintains the AI1422E internal time and date. This time and date can be appended to IDs, error messages, and sensor input reports. 20 Set Time sets the time. Enter the time in the proper format: two-digit decimal entries with no spaces between characters and using colons as delimiters.
ID Filtering Group 4 commands set criteria for filtering (buffering or discarding) ID codes. These commands are useful for eliminating duplicate ID codes and selecting the type of tags read by the AI1422E Reader. 40 Disable Transmission All ID Codes instructs the reader to reinstate the previous uniqueness checks.
The uniqueness test’s time limit is set by Command !441. If an ID is buffered, it will not be accepted again unless it arrives at the reader more than the programmed time interval from the previous arrival or until the receipt of one or more other IDs reset the uniqueness. Reader response: !Done TransCore Proprietary 6–31...
AI1422E Reader User Guide 420N Select Valid ID Code Criteria directs the reader to validate an ID received only after it has been obtained a specified !420N number of times in sequence. Values for N are 0 through 3 (Table 11). The factory setting is one acquisition (N = 0).
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AAR or ATA format will be directly converted to ASCII. The reader will not attempt to translate data from half-frame or dual-frame tags. Reader message: !Done 480 Disable ATA Disables the reader from reading ATA protocol tags. !480 481 Enable ATA enables the reader to read ATA protocol data from tags. !481 TransCore Proprietary 6–33...
AI1422E Reader User Guide Reader Status Group 5 commands provide status reports on the parameters and operation of the reader. 505 Display Software Version displays the reader model number, software version information, and assigned serial !505 number. Reader response: Model E4 Series Ver X.XX SNSSSSSS...
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Chapter 6 Commands No power failure detected Power failure detected Not applicable to AI1422E Reader 521 Display Reader ID Number displays the reader ID that is sent in the auxiliary data field. !521 Reader message: RDID xx where xx = 01 to FF (hexadecimal) 522 Display Communications Port Parameters...
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AI1422E Reader User Guide appends information. Append time and date are not available to the AI1422E Reader. !31N Reader message: IDAP T<0> D<0> X<0 to 1> where Time not appended Time appended (not valid for the AI1422E Reader) Date not appended...
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Reader message: RFST C<0 to 1> O<0 to 1> T<1 to 3> Fxx Rxx Gxx Axx Ixx where RF controlled by host RF controlled by presence sensor on Trigger Input (factory default) RF off RF on * Not applicable for the AI1422E TransCore Proprietary 6–37...
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RF power attenuation, where 00 is maximum output power and 0A is minimum output power (10 dB less than maximum power). Note: If using an ETSI AI1422E, the default RF power attenuation will be A03. IAG RF power attenuation, where 00 is maximum output power and 06 is Ixx** minimum output power (6 dB less than maximum power).
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RF input, including the selected unique ID code !530 criteria (!410N Select Unique ID Code Criteria) and the valid ID code criteria (see !420N Select Valid ID Code Criteria). Reader message: RF0S U<0,4> V<0 to 3> TransCore Proprietary 6–39...
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AI1422E Reader User Guide where Disable transmit all IDs Any tag ID separation Valid ID code criteria of one acquisition Valid ID code criteria of two acquisitions Valid ID code criteria of three acquisitions Valid ID code criteria of four acquisitions...
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Echo status enabled 540 Display Flash Checksum displays the flash memory checksum. !540 Reader message: PCKS I0000 Exxxx where Not applicable to the AI1422E Reader 0000 Represents the four-byte ASCII representation of the flash memory xxxx checksum 543 Display Boot Checksum displays the boot ROM checksum.
XOFF character (host software Command 13H). It does not resume transmitting until it receives an XON character (host software Command 11H). Note: TransCore recommends that XON/XOFF Software Flow Control be disabled while using the ECP. 6170 Disable Echo Mode (Factory Default) !6170 disables the reader’s echo of received host commands.
AI1422E Reader User Guide CAUTION Echo does not disable echo for Legacy AI1422 commands. For a list of these commands, refer “Table 22 Legacy Commands” on page D–66. 6171 Enable Echo Mode !6171 enables the reader to echo received host commands. Command !6170 disables echo mode.
33 dBm at full power to a minimum power level of 26 dBm. Note: If using an ETSI AI1422E, the default RF power attenuation will be A03 and will not accept a lower attenuation.
Reader response: !Done CAUTION: An ETSI AI1422E does not require a frequency configuration. Do not attempt to change the frequency of an ETSI AI1422E. 65 Reset Power Fail Bit resets the power fail bit to 0. The bit changes from 0 to 1 when power is restored to the reader.
Uppercase or lowercase characters are allowed for N; for example, hex digits A through F or a through f. The commands and corresponding timeouts are shown in Table 17. Table 17 Timeout Period Values Command Timeout (ms) 6930 0 (always expired) 6931 6932 6933 6934 6935 6936 6937 6938 TransCore Proprietary 6–47...
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AI1422E Reader User Guide Table 17 Timeout Period Values Command Timeout (ms) 6939 693A 693B 693C 693D 693E 693F Infinite (never expires, factory default) Reader response: !Done or !Error The reader returns an Error message if a valid hexadecimal digit is not substituted for N in command !693N.
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With this function enabled, the host system will get a message from the reader at least every three minutes. Reader response: !Done TransCore Proprietary 6–49...
Loopback Mode It is possible to reset the AI1422E Reader to default by looping back the TX from the RS232 into the RX via a short wire. Installing a loopback will cause the reader to reset its settings to factory default, which is extremely useful during troubleshooting.
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The suggestions listed here assume that the user has already verified proper serial communications. If RF POWER LED is illuminated, the indication is that the AI1422E is querying for tags. If the LOCK LED is illuminated, the indication is that the reader system is retrieving tag data. If neither of the LED indicators are illuminated, check the following items: •...
AI1422E Reader User Guide Error Messages The AI1422E Reader transmits an error message if a command received from the host is not a recognized command or if information supplied with the command is not correct. The reader sends this message to diagnostic commands if the reader fails the specified test.
TransCore Technical Support. Please be prepared to answer a series of questions that are designed to direct you to the best TransCore support resource available. These questions will relate to symptoms, configuration, model, and tags used.
Appendix B Technical Specifications Appendix B Technical Specifications Table 20 lists the specifications of the AI1422E Reader System. Table 20 AI1422E Reader System Specifications Specification Description Size 19.0 x 1.75 x 9.0 in (48.3 x4.4x 22.9 cm) Weight 5.0 lb (2.27 kg) Operating temperature -40°F to +158°F (-40°C to +70°C)
The easiest way to connect to the AI1422E is by using the Lantronix ® CPR (Com Port Redirector) software, which will allow connecting directly to the AI1422E through the Ethernet Interface from a Windows computer. The Lantronix ® CPR software can be found at http://ltxfaq.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_...
AI1422E Reader User Guide Interface through Ethernet Port To interface through the Ethernet port of the AI1442E, connect via the M12 Ethernet port (Use an M12 to RJ45 adapter if required). A static IP address will need to be assigned to your local host if directly connected or the reader may be attached to your network.
Figure 30 Change IP Address and Subnet Mask of NIC Card. If the computer has multiple NIC cards, you might see a prompt similar to the prompt shown in Figure 31. Select Yes. Figure 31 Prompt if Computer has Multiple NIC cards TransCore Proprietary C–59...
AI1422E Reader User Guide 5. Choose the desired adapter and then select OK. If you are connecting directly to your computer’s Ethernet port, choose the network adapter with the 169.254.10.1 address. If you are connecting to your corporate network, choose the Local Area Connection. The selection can be changed at any time through the Options menu.
If a firewall is present, disable it to allow access (Figure 34). Figure 34 Disable Firewall to Allow Access Finding IP address of Reader From the Lantronix DeviceInstaller right-click on the connection you choose and hit refresh (Figure 35) Figure 35 Lantronix DeviceInstaller Menu TransCore Proprietary C–61...
AI1422E Reader User Guide The Xport Direct+ device will populate on the right side of the window (Figure 36). Figure 36 Finding the IP address of a Reader 3. Use the IP address to configure your terminal emulator Connection (Ex: PuTTY). Use Telnet and Port 10001 (Figure 37).
Appendix C Lantronix® Ethernet Module 4. The opened connection is similar to a serial connection. 5. Ignore the local echo of the typed characters, if using PuTTY (Figure 38). Figure 38 PuTTY Connection Screen TransCore Proprietary C–63...
AI1422E Reader User Guide Appendix D Command Quick Reference Command Quick Reference This appendix lists the default configuration settings for the AI1422E and its commands. Commands are listed both numerically and alphabetically. Command Syntax The command numbers consist of from 2 to 4 hex digits. The letters N or S may follow a command number.
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Appendix D Command Quick Reference Table 21 AI1422E Default Configuration Settings Parameter Setting Command Full power(10-1422-5XX/10- RF attenuation 64400/64403 1422-8XX) Presence without tag reports Disabled 6900 RF-off control Timeout or no presence 6922 RF timeout Never true 693F Serial number SSSSSS Hardware configuration not...
AI1422E Reader User Guide Legacy Commands Legacy AI1422 commands will echo after a carriage return with echo off enabled. This emulates how the legacy AI1422 performed. Refer to Table 22. Table 22 Legacy Commands Command Function Echo On Response Echo Off Response ~~CC...
Only the command-related data portion of the reader message is shown. Refer to “Communications Protocols” on page 5–19 for the complete syntax of commands and messages. Table 23 AI1422E Commands Listed Numerically Number Command Name Reader Message Switch to data mode...
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Version Display power fail bit PWRB Px R0 P0 = no power fail has occurred P1 = power fail has occurred R0 = not applicable to the AI1422E Display reader ID number RDID xx xx = 00–FF D–68 TransCore Proprietary...
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Appendix D Command Quick Reference Table 23 AI1422E Commands Listed Numerically Number Command Name Reader Message Display comm port parameters MAIN Bx Sx Px D0 B2 = 1200 B3 = 2400 B4 = 4800 B5 = 9600 B6 = 19.2 B7 = 38.4...
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AI1422E Reader User Guide Table 23 AI1422E Commands Listed Numerically Number Command Name Reader Message Display RF status RFST Cx Ox Tx Fxxx Rxx Gxx Axx I04 C0 = RF controlled by host C1 = RF-by-presence sensor O0 = RF off...
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Appendix D Command Quick Reference Table 23 AI1422E Commands Listed Numerically Number Command Name Reader Message Display presence input status PRST Px D0 Ax Tx Ix P0 = disable presence w/o tag reports P1 = enable presence w/o tag reports D0 = min presence true period of 0 ms...
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= 4-byte ASCII checksum BCKS xxxx Display boot checksum xxxx = 4-byte ASCII checksum ATA:<E, D> eGo:D SeGo:D IAG:D EPC:D sort:D. AI1422E can only do ATA, eGo/ Display operating mode status SeGo sort not applicable E = Enabled D = Disabled...
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Appendix D Command Quick Reference Table 23 AI1422E Commands Listed Numerically Number Command Name Reader Message 642NN Select RF operating frequency !Done Set ATA operating range (distance) NN = 00 (shortest) to 643NN !Done 1F (longest) 1F = default 644NN Set RF attenuation NN = 00 to 0A...
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AI1422E Reader User Guide Table 23 AI1422E Commands Listed Numerically Number Command Name Reader Message 696S...S Store hardware configuration !Done string S...S = ASCII string (maximum length of 20 characters) Disable automatic periodic !Done RF status report Enable automatic periodic RF...
Refer to Table 22 on page D–66 for the complete syntax of commands and messages. Table 24 AI1422E Commands Listed Alphabetically Command Name Code Reader Message Disable ATA !Done if AI1422E model supports this tag protocol. !Error if tag protocol is unsupported. Automatic periodic RF status !Done report disable...
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20 characters) Display operating mode status ATA:<E, D> eGo:D SeGo:D IAG:D EPC:D sort:D. AI1422E can only do ATA, eGo/ SeGo sort not applicable Display power fail bit PWRB Px R0 P0 = no power fail has occurred...
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Appendix D Command Quick Reference Table 24 AI1422E Commands Listed Alphabetically Command Name Code Reader Message Display presence input status PRST Px D0 Ax Tx Ix P0 = disable presence w/o tag reports P1 = enable presence w/o tag reports D0 = min presence true period of 0 ms...
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AI1422E Reader User Guide Table 24 AI1422E Commands Listed Alphabetically Command Name Code Reader Message Display RF status RFST Cx Ox Tx Fxxx Rxx Gxx Axx I04 C0 = RF controlled by host C1 = RF-by-presence sensor O0 = RF off O1 = RF on...
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Ver [version no.] SN [serial no.] Display Wiegand Mode Status TOF <0 to 1> Display Wiegand Retransmit Interval WTI <01 to FF> Enable ATA !Done if AI1422E model supports this tag protocol. !Error if tag protocol is unsupported. Enable automatic periodic RF status !Done report...
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AI1422E Reader User Guide Table 24 AI1422E Commands Listed Alphabetically Command Name Code Reader Message Reset power fail bit !Done Reset reader Reset uniqueness !Done RF Status (ETSI Compliant Only !RFST C0 O1 T1 Fxx Rxx Gxx A03 I04 The frequency on an ETSI reader is fixed and will always display as “Fxx”...
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Appendix D Command Quick Reference Table 24 AI1422E Commands Listed Alphabetically Command Name Code Reader Message Set date !Done Set ECP timeout 612NN !Done NN = 01–FE (1–255) timeout = 50 ms * NN (if NN = FF, timeout is disabled) Set reader ID number NN = 00–FF...
AI1422E Reader User Guide Appendix E Cyclic Redundancy Check The cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is calculated, starting with the most significant byte. The algorithm for the CRC used in the Interrogator is detailed here. unsigned char generateCrc(unsigned char newByte, unsigned char newCrc) int i;...
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Do you have a question about the AI1422E and is the answer not in the manual?
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