BMW E46 Manual
Climate control
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Table of Contents
E46 CLIMATE CONTROL
E46 IHKA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Control Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Fresh Air Micro Filter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Temperature Regulation - Heating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Temperature Regulation - Cooling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Compressor Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Stepper Motor M-Bus Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Convertible Rear Window Defroster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
IHKA Personalization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
System Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Diagnosis and Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
E46 IHKA I.P.O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Solar Sensor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Purpose of the System.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Solar Radiation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Solar Sensor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
System Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Initial Print Date:10/30/00
Revision Date:12/05/00
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Summary of Contents for BMW E46
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Page 1: Table Of Contents
E46 IHKA I.P.O........ -
Page 2: Subject Page
E46 IHKR........ - Page 3 After completing this module you should be able to: • Know how to replace the Fresh Air Micro Filter. • Describe the climate control functions performed by the IHKA control unit. • Explain the compressor activation circuit. • Recognize Car and Key Memory programming possibilities. E46 Climate Control...
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Page 4: E46 Ihka
E46 IHKA Climate Control The IHKA heater/air conditioner in the E46 is similar to the system previously installed in the E36. Design and component changes were made to improve the overall performance and operation of the system. This module will deal with the changes and highlights of the E46 IHKA system. -
Page 5: Fresh Air Micro Filter
FRESH AIR MICRO FILTER The fresh air micro filter is installed in the fresh air inlet of the engine compartment. The fil- ter can be serviced quickly by removing the plastic cover and removing the filter. E46 Climate Control... -
Page 6: Temperature Regulation-Heating
The range for temperature display is from 60 to 90 ° F. SERVICE STATION FEATURE - The "Service Station" feature introduced with the E38 IHKA is integrated into the E46 IHKA. This prevents the heater core from being flooded with hot coolant when refueling the vehicle. -
Page 7: Temperature Regulation - Cooling
TEMPERATURE REGULATION - COOLING Air conditioning control on the E46 is similar to the E39 IHKA system. The system uses the variable displacement compressor. The swash plate of the compressor is hinged so that is can vary the piston travel based on the output requirements of the system. -
Page 8: Compressor Control
The auxiliary fan is now a variable speed fan (15 stages) based on the system load. The DME will activate the fan through a pulse modulated final stage control. E46 Climate Control... -
Page 9: Stepper Motor M-Bus Control
STEPPER MOTOR M-BUS CONTROL The E46 uses the M-Bus for stepper motor control. All five stepper motors of the IHKA are bus controlled including: • Two fresh air/recirc-air flap motors • Face vent flap motor • Footwell flap motor • Defrost flap motor Due to the requirement for a fast acting motor for the fresh/recirc flaps, two different step- per motors (slow/fast) are used in the system. -
Page 10: Convertible Rear Window Defroster
The output from the relay will switch the rear defroster ON if the hard top is installed. • Relay K-99 receives KL 30 from relay K-13 and it supplies the rear defogger grid in the soft top glass window when the top is raised. E46 Climate Control... - Page 11 This allows the grid in the soft top window to be heat- ed. When the soft top is lowered, KL R to relay K-99 is interrupted by the CVM to prevent the grid from heating when the top is lowered into the storage compartment. E46 Climate Control...
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Page 12: Ihka Personalization
These features are programmed using the coding/programming function of the DIS/MoDiC. Units Display Change 120 140 1/min x1000 D-BUS 50 30 20 15 UNLEADED GASOLINE ONLY km/h 20 PIN DIAGNOSTIC CONNECTION IHKA • Recirc Air Memory MoDiC E46 Climate Control... -
Page 13: System Operation
SYSTEM OPERATION The balance of the E46 IHKA system's features and operation carry over from the E36 including: • Maximum defrost operation • Rear window defogger operation • Final stage blower control • Road speed dependent fresh air flap operation •... -
Page 14: E46 Ihka I.p.o
E46 IHKA I.P.O As introduced. E46 Climate Control... -
Page 15: Solar Sensor
SOLAR SENSOR Model: E38, E39, E46 Production Date: E38 3/99, E46 9/99, E39 9/00 Objectives After completing this module you should be able to: • Describe the operation of the solar sensor as it applies to the IHKA systems. • List the output functions effected by the solar sensor input. -
Page 16: Purpose Of The System
This will aid the IHKA in maintaining a constant com- fort level, in the vehicle’s interior, during all driving conditions. The function of heating and air conditioning systems in BMW vehicles is to provide the dri- ver and passengers a comfortable atmosphere regardless of conditions outside of the vehi- cle. -
Page 17: Solar Radiation
• Blower - The blower curve is changed • Stratification (mixing flaps) - The stratification outlet air temperature is changed (not E46) • Ventilation - The opening angles of the ventilation flaps are changed. E46 Climate Control... -
Page 18: Components
DWA LED with integrated solar sensor DWA LED plug connector DWA LED/SOLAR SENSOR MODULE 4-pin solar sensor plug connector _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ E46 Climate Control... - Page 19 3 PC-board, DWA LED and solar sensor 4 DWA LED housing SOLAR SENSOR The E46 solar sensor is located in the right defroster outlet at the base of the windshield. The E46 sensor contains one photoresistor for sensing solar radiation.
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Page 20: System Operation
The solar sensor inputs to the IHKA control module can influence the settings on the rele- vant side (driver/front passenger) on the E38 and E39. No separate regulation is possible on the E46. When driving at night, during cloudy periods or through tunnels, the control maps are shift- ed back to their base settings. -
Page 21: Control Curves
As the solar influence increases, the curve shifts upward until the solar influence reaches 100%. At this point, curve “A” is used providing 36% power to the blower. During heating, the blower power decreases as solar influence increases. While cooling, the blower power will increase as solar influence increases. E46 Climate Control... -
Page 22: Temperature Intervention
With the mixing flap thumbwheel at 100 or 0% (full hot or cold), the flaps are in the default position and there will be no solar influence. The left and right mixing flaps are controlled independently based on the individual settings and left and right solar sensor inputs. E46 Climate Control... -
Page 23: Ventilation Intervention
The ventilation flaps will close less as the solar influence increases. This allows more cool air from the center vents as the solar radiation increases. This adjustment is also independently adjustable on the E38 based on the left/right solar sensor inputs. E46 Climate Control... -
Page 24: Diagnosis
The E46 diagnostic program for the IHKA system contains a test module B6450- 00011 for testing the operation of the solar sensor. -
Page 25: Workshop Hints
DWA indicator and solar sensor and pull the sensor from the grille. E46 vehicles Removal of the E46 solar sensor requires removal of the instrument panel. However, for testing purposes, the connector is located in-line, attached to the harness for connector X610. -
Page 26: E46 Ihkr
After completing this module you should be able to: • Recognize the climate control functions performed by the IHKR system. • Identify the changes compared to the E46 IHKA system. • Understand the method of temperature control used by the IHKR. -
Page 27: Purpose Of The System
The system then automatically regulates the temperature of the cabin based on the manual settings. The functions provided by the E46 IHKR are: • Control of the blower. • Air distribution control. • Stratification flap controlled by a bowden cable •... -
Page 28: System Components
System Components The E46 IHKR consists of the following components: • IHKR control unit with operating controls • IHKR integrated heater and air conditioning case • Heater core temperature sensor • Evaporator temperature sensor • Refrigerant circuit pressure sensor • Double cage blower motor and final stage •... - Page 29 E46 IHKR I.P.O BLOWER MOTOR OUTPUT STAGE KL31 KL30 KL15 FAN SPEED KL30 WATER VALVE A/C REQUEST M-BUS FRESH AIR/RECIRC LEFT RE-CIRCULATION - FRESH AIR/RECIRC RIGHT - AIR DISTRIBUTION IHKR REAR DEFROST TEMPERATURE CONTROL REAR WINDOW DEFROST RELAY KL 15...
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Page 30: Ihkr Control Unit
6. Rear window defroster button X613 X18341 3 pin M-bus 6 pin IHKR Case The E46 IHKR case is similar in design to the E46 IHKA heating and A/C case. 1. Heater Core Temp. Sensor 2. Heater core 3. Evaporator Temp Sensor 4. -
Page 31: Principle Of Operation
The air distribution for defrost, ventilation and footwell is performed by a single air distribution stepper motor that is connected to the M-bus FULL FULL FOOTWELL VENT and controlled by the IHKR control unit. BLEND OF BOTH E46 Climate Control... -
Page 32: Temperature Control
The IHKR maintains the temperature of the discharge air by cycling the water valve to reg- ulate the temperature of the heater core. The duty cycle applied to the water valve is based on the “Y-factor” (correcting variable) and other variables. E46 Climate Control... -
Page 33: Engine Map Cooling
(49.5 C). This temperature value is combined with the outside temperature to form a calculated set-point. The E46 IHKR does not use an interior temperature sensor. The Y-factor is then determined by comparing the calculated set-point to the actual value of the heater core sensor which is in the stream of air to the outlet ducts. -
Page 34: Air Conditioning Control
UNLEADED GASOLINE ONLY km/h is cycled at 3 C if the outside BRAKE miles SERVICE ENGINE SOON temperature is below 68 CAN-Bus K-Bus: Signal AC/KO IHKR KL30 K19 relay OUTPUT Refrigerant Evaporator Temp. STAGE Pressure Compressor Auxiliary E46 Climate Control... -
Page 35: Air Intake
At a speed of 36mph the fresh air flaps will close progressively until the vehicle reaches 96mph, at which time the opening of the flaps will be 20%. 100 % 60 % 40 % - 30 % - 20 % - 36 62 ROAD SPEED (MPH) E46 Climate Control... -
Page 36: Rear Window Defroster
If the soft top is lowered during defroster operation, voltage to relay K99 is interrupted by the CVM to prevent the rear window grid from heating when the top is lowered into the stor- age compartment. E46 Climate Control... -
Page 37: Workshop Hints
Workshop Hints Diagnosis Diagnosis of the E46 IHKR system is carried out using the DISplus or MoDiC. The IHKR is connected to the diagnostic bus via the K-bus/Kombi connection. The system uses the E46 test module driven diagnostic concept for troubleshooting faults with the system. - Page 38 This step is necessary to complete the coding process. Car and Key Memory When troubleshooting complaints with the E46 IHKR it is important to note that because the Car/Key Memory feature can change the operation of the system, a review of the set- tings should be made prior to beginning troubleshooting.
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Page 39: Review Questions
5. Describe briefly how the influence of Solar radiation affects the IHKA settings. 6. How can a technicaian test for the correct operation of the Solar Sensor? 7. What is the purpose for the RPM input to the IHKA? E46 Climate Control... - Page 40 12. What three stepper motors are located on the IHKR M-Bus? What is an M-Bus? 13. Which additional component is used in the rear defrost circuit of a convertible E46, as compared to a hard top?
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