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Fluke Biomedical Victoreen NERO mAx 8000 User Manual

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®
Victoreen
8000
®
NERO
mAx
Users Manual
December 2006
Manual No. 8000-100-1 Rev. 9
©2006 Fluke Corporation, All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
All product names are trademarks of their respective companies

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Summary of Contents for Fluke Biomedical Victoreen NERO mAx 8000

  • Page 1 ® Victoreen 8000 ® NERO Users Manual December 2006 Manual No. 8000-100-1 Rev. 9 ©2006 Fluke Corporation, All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. All product names are trademarks of their respective companies...
  • Page 2 Fluke Biomedical Radiation Management Services 6045 Cochran Road Cleveland, Ohio 44139 440.498.2564 www.flukebiomedical.com/rms...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents Section 1: General Information................... 1-1 Product Description ..................1-1 New Features of Firmware 2.3..............1-3 Specifications....................1-4 Battery Operation and Charging ..............1-5 Printing......................1-6 Scope Output....................1-6 Procedures, Warnings, and Cautions ............1-7 Receiving Inspection..................1-8 Storage ......................
  • Page 4 Section 4: Troubleshooting ..................4-1 General ......................4-1 Modes of Operation ..................4-2 4.2.1 Radio Mode .................... 4-2 4.2.2 Mammo Mode ..................4-5 4.2.3 Fluoro Mode ................... 4-5 4.2.4 AMSE Mode ................... 4-6 4.2.5 Exposure Mode & CT Exposure Mode ........... 4-6 4.2.6 HVL Mode ....................

  • Page 5: General Information

    General Information Product Description Section 1 General Information 1.1 Product Description NOTE To proceed directly to "Quick Start", go to Section 2.4. To proceed directly to "Setup Mode", go to Section 2.5.9. The Victoreen NERO™ mAx Model 8000, Non-invasive Evaluator of Radiation Output, uses an innovative system of menus and softkeys to provide an intuitive, user friendly operating environment.
  • Page 6 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual Figure 1-1.Control Console Front Panel Figure 1-2. Control Console Rear Panel The NERO mAx detector contains sensors for simultaneously measuring kV, exposure or rate and invasive mA or mAs. Solid-state detectors are used to measure kV. An ion chamber, located in the top of the detector, is used for exposure/rate measurements.

  • Page 7: New Features Of Firmware 2.3

    General Information Product Description The NERO mAx filter cards contain the various filters needed to accurately measure kilovoltage. Each filter card is coded so that the NERO mAx “knows” which filter is in use and its position. The NERO mAx also verifies that the filter card is valid for the selected measurement mode.

  • Page 8: Specifications

    Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual 1.3 Specifications Kilovoltage Measured during the first 480 ms of exposure Accuracy: 0.5 kV or ± 1% Reproducibility: 0.5 kV or ± 1% Range: W/Al 30 - 60 kV 50 - 100 kV 80 - 160 kV Mo/Mo 22 - 35 kV Mo/Rh...

  • Page 9: Battery Operation And Charging

    General Information Specifications Size: Console: 9.00" x 9.12" x 3.25" (22.86 mm x 23.17 mm x 8.26 mm) Detector: 6.56" x 3.70" x 2.58" (16.66 mm x 9.4 mm x 6.55 mm) Slides Only: 2.4" x 6.25" x 0.31" (6.1 mm x 15.88 x 0.8 mm) Operating Conditions: 10°...

  • Page 10: Printing

    Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual charge indicator on the front panel of the NERO mAx console illuminates when the battery is charging. When the battery charge indicator is off, the battery is charged. It may take up to 16 hours to fully recharge a severely discharged battery.

  • Page 11: Procedures, Warnings, And Cautions

    Biomedical. It shall be the owner’s or user’s responsibility to see to it that the procedures described here are meticulously followed, and especially that WARNINGS and CAUTIONS are heeded. Failure on the part of the owner or user in any way to follow the prescribed procedures shall absolve Fluke Biomedical and its agents from any resulting liability.

  • Page 12: Receiving Inspection

    Upon receipt of the package: 1. Inspect the carton(s) and contents for damage. If damage is evident, file a claim with the carrier and notify Fluke Biomedical at 440.248.9300. 2. Remove the contents from the packing material. 3. Verify that all items listed on the packing list have been received and are in good order.

  • Page 13: Operation

    Correct and reproducible positioning of the NERO mAx detector in the x-ray beam is very important in obtaining accurate and reproducible results from the NERO mAx. Fluke Biomedical has printed several alignment marks on top of the detector to assure correct, reproducible positioning of the detector.
  • Page 14 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual NOTE The dashed gray rectangle is the minimum collimated beam size required for accurate kVp measurements only. This rectangle outlines the NERO mAx’s kV detectors. Exposure and rate results from an x-ray beam collimated to this area will be incorrect because the beam is not illuminating all of the internal ion chamber.
  • Page 15 Operation General NOTE Do not rest the cone on the detector. This may depress the top of the ion chamber and cause incorrect exposure measurements. Make sure that the detector is aligned along the axis of the x-ray tube and that the tube is perpendicular to the detector's top surface and is centered over the detector crosshairs.
  • Page 16 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual For automatic brightness control machines, place appropriate shielding over the detector to drive the output to its maximum. A folded lead apron, gloves or a lead sheet may be used. For manual systems, set the machine for its maximum output and use appropriate shielding to protect the image intensifier. Other Applications The basic principles are the same for other applications.

  • Page 17: Using The Nero Max

    Operation General The mAs leads should always be connected in the ground return of the high voltage transformer. Damage to the generator or the NERO mAx or inaccurate measurements may result if the mAs leads are connected to any point other then the ground return of the x-ray tube current. Tube current measurements should only be made on generators providing open and short circuit protection of the metering circuit and where the circuit operates near ground potential.

  • Page 18: Lcd Backlight Control

    Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual The NERO mAx display is divided into 5 columns, each column corresponds to the push button (softkey) directly beneath it. The left most column is the “MODE” column that is used to select the NERO mAx’s operating mode.

  • Page 19: Measured Quantities

    Operation Using the NERO mAx 2.3.2 Measured Quantities The NERO mAx calculates kVp from the ratio between two differentially filtered detector channels (A&B). When an x-ray exposure is made, the NERO mAx samples the two detector channels simultaneously at a rate of 100,000 samples per second.
  • Page 20 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual percentage of kV, use of a measurement delay can also introduce errors. If the delay terminates between pulses, when no x-rays are present, the NERO mAx waits until the beginning of the next pulse to begin timing.

  • Page 21: Quick Start

    Operation Using the NERO mAx ion chamber. HVL is calculated using a linear regression of the natural log of the normalized exposure versus absorber thickness in millimeters of aluminum. Below is the formula used by the NERO mAx to calculate half value layer. ∗...

  • Page 22: Modes Of Operation

    Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual Wait a moment while the 8000 analyzes the exposure then displays the measured kVp, exposure, time and mAs (mAs will be zero because the mAs input was not used). 80.0 kVp Avg msec 79.2 kV Eff 81.1 kV Peak RADIO...

  • Page 23: Mammo Mode

    Operation Modes of Operation Mammo Mode Mammo mode is used to make measurements on mammographic x-ray generators. Mammo mode simultaneously measures kVp, exposure, exposure time and mAs from a single mammographic exposure. Fluoro Mode Fluoro mode is used to make measurements on fluoroscopic x-ray generators. Fluoro mode supports both continuous fluoro and pulsed fluoro measurements.
  • Page 24 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual 2.5.1 Radio Mode Radio mode is primarily used to make measurements on tungsten target, aluminum filtered radiographic x-ray machines. Radio mode simultaneously measures kVp, exposure, exposure time and mAs from a single radiographic exposure. A measurement delay of up to 999 milliseconds may be used to delay the start of kV data acquisition in order to skip over waveform anomalies at the beginning of an exposure.
  • Page 25 Operation Modes of Operation CT EXP 1Ø PULSE AMSE ZERO FLUORO MAMMO RADIO HIGH 10 ms MODE SENS DELAY Select the RADIO mode, %kV, high or low sensitivity and measurement delay, then press the ENTER key. To use a measurement delay, press the DELAY key to select and increment the delay. The delay may also be incremented or decremented by pressing the up or down keys when the delay is selected.
  • Page 26 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual 79.2 kV Eff 81.1 kV Peak RADIO 10 ms Please MODE SENS DELAY Wait… After data analysis is complete, kV, exposure, time and mAs are displayed. If an overrange is detected an error message is displayed. If the calculated kV is above or below the selected filter kV range, "High" or "Low"...
  • Page 27 Operation Modes of Operation When a negative measurement delay is specified, the NERO mAx does not include the delay time in the measured exposure time. A negative measurement delay should be used in cases when x-ray generator filament preheat pulses or other waveform anomalies should be excluded from kV and exposure time measurements.
  • Page 28 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual Positive Measurement Delay A positive delay is used to skip overshoots Exposure time measured with positive delay 10 millisecond delay msec An example showing this use of a measurement delay can be found in troubleshooting Section 4.5-- Waveforms - Overshoot.
  • Page 29 Operation Modes of Operation Using %kV and Exposure Time Measurements The %kV setting determines how the NERO mAx measures exposure time. When 75%, 80%, or 90% kV is selected, the NERO mAx measures exposure time between the 75%, 80%, or 90% points on the kV waveform.
  • Page 30 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual If results are to be printed, plug the printer cable into the printer port at the rear of the NERO mAx then plug the other end of the printer cable into the printer and turn the printer on (see Section 1.5--Printing). Plug the AC adapter into the NERO mAx if needed (see Section 1.4--Battery Operation and Charging) and turn the instrument on.
  • Page 31 Operation Modes of Operation 24.8 226.5 kVp Avg msec 24.3 240.3 kV Eff 27.3 19.9 kV Peak MAMMO HIGH MOLY Mo 30μ MAKE MODE SENS TARGET FILTER EXPOSURE After data analysis is complete, kV, exposure, time and mAs are displayed. If an overrange is detected an error message is displayed.
  • Page 32 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual 2.5.3 Fluoro Mode Fluoro mode is used to make measurements on fluoroscopic x-ray generators. Fluoro mode supports both continuous fluoro and pulsed fluoro measurements. In the continuous fluoro mode, the NERO mAx measures kVp, exposure rate (R/min) and mA. In the pulsed fluoro mode, the NERO mAx measures kVp, exposure rate (R/min and mR/pulse) and mAs/pulse.
  • Page 33 Operation Modes of Operation MAKE EXPOSURE FILTER = 50 - 100 FLUORO CONT HIGH MODE TYPE SENS Start the fluoroscopic exposure. 4.49 R/min FLUORO CONT HIGH MODE TYPE SENS SAVE After the exposure starts, the NERO mAx displays exposure rate and mA. When the desired exposure rate and/or mA are displayed, press the SAVE key to acquire kV data.
  • Page 34 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual “Low” is displayed instead of kV (see Section 4.3--Error Messages--for more information). After the exposure data is displayed, the NERO mAx displays a "Please wait..." message as it prepares for the next exposure. 89.6 kVp Avg 87.8 4.34 kV Eff...
  • Page 35 Operation Modes of Operation WARNING Extreme caution should be used when making connections to the mAs terminals of the X-ray generator or detector. Improper connections may result in injury, damage to the NERO mAx, and/or damage to the x-ray generator. If results are to be printed, plug the printer cable into the printer port at the rear of the NERO mAx then plug the other end of the printer cable into the printer and turn the printer on (see Section 1.5--Printing).
  • Page 36 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual μR/pulse mAs/pulse 0.28 R/min FLUORO PULSED MODE TYPE SENS SAVE After the exposure starts, the NERO mAx displays exposure rate (R/min, mR/pulse) and mAs/pulse. When the desired exposure rate and/or mAs/pulse are displayed, press the SAVE key to acquire kV data. μR/pulse mAs/pulse 0.28...
  • Page 37 Operation Modes of Operation 97.5 0.28 kVp Avg R/min 93.9 kV Eff mAs/pulse 104.6 kV Peak µR/pulse FLUORO PULSED MAKE MODE TYPE SENS EXPOSURE The NERO mAx is now ready to take another exposure. Pressing the mode key at any time exits from this measurement mode and returns to the mode selection screen.
  • Page 38 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual WARNING Extreme caution should be used when making connections to the mAs terminals of the X-ray generator or detector. Improper connections may result in injury, damage to the NERO mAx, and/or damage to the x-ray generator. If results are to be printed, plug the printer cable into the printer port at the rear of the NERO mAx then plug the other end of the printer cable into the printer and turn the printer on (see Section1.5--Printing).
  • Page 39 Operation Modes of Operation 250.9 mR/frame 45.6 mAs/frame AMSE MODE SENS SAVE After the exposure starts, the NERO mAx displays exposure/frame and mAs/frame. When the desired exposure rate is displayed, press the SAVE key to acquire kV data. 250.9 mR/frame 45.6 mAs/frame AMSE...
  • Page 40 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual 65.6 kVp Avg msec/frame 65.0 250.9 kV Eff mR/frame 67.2 45.6 kV Peak mAs/frame AMSE MAKE MODE SENS EXPOSURE The NERO mAx is now ready to take another exposure. Pressing the mode key at any time exits from this measurement mode and returns to the mode selection screen.
  • Page 41 Operation Modes of Operation Plug the AC adapter into the NERO mAx if needed (see Section 1.4--Battery Operation and Charging) and turn the instrument on. WARNING An electric shock hazard exists between the ion chamber bias connector and ground. CT EXP AMSE FLUORO MAMMO...

  • Page 42: Exp Mode

    Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual As a power saving feature, the NERO mAx’s display backlight turns off after one minute of no activity. The backlight turns back on when any button is pressed or an exposure is made. In addition, after five minutes of no activity, the NERO mAx exits from any measurement mode and returns to the mode selection screen.
  • Page 43 Operation Modes of Operation CT EXP SCATTER AMSE MAMMO FLUORO FLUORO MAMMO RATE RADIO INTERN INTEG HIGH MODE CHAMBER MODE SENS Select EXP mode, the ion chamber to be used, rate or integrate mode, high or low sensitivity, then press the ENTER key.
  • Page 44 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual 2.5.7 HVL Mode NOTE In the HVL mode, the HVL report is printed only after the mode key is depressed or 10 exposures occur. In the HVL mode, the NERO mAx calculates half value layer based upon a series of exposure or rate measurements made with varying thickness’...
  • Page 45 Operation Modes of Operation For example, given the following table of exposure data: Normalized ln Normalized mm Al Dose(mR) Dose Dose 1.000 0.000 0.491 -0.711 0.532 -0.631 0.568 -0.566 0.460 -0.777 0.428 -0.849 Linear Regression Results: A = -5.051 B = -0.000 r = -0.999 ∗...
  • Page 46 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual To make HVL determination using exposure measurements Make sure that the NERO mAx is turned off. Plug one end of the NERO mAx’s detector cable into the NERO mAx detector. Plug the other end of the detector cable into the NERO mAx’s detector connector. No filter card is required for exposure or rate measurements.
  • Page 47 Operation Modes of Operation Please wait… MAMMO INTEG HIGH MODE CHAMBER MODE SENS Please wait while the NERO mAx prepares to take an exposure. If the NERO mAx detects a fault condition such as a high offset, an error message is displayed and the user must correct the error to continue (see Section 4.3--Error Messages--for more information).
  • Page 48 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual Enter Thickness: 030 mmAl EXPOSURE # 02 MODE THICKNESS REJECT The exposure data from the second exposure is now displayed and the user is prompted to enter the thickness of the aluminum filter. To enter the filter thickness, press the THICKNESS softkey to increment the filter thickness or use the UP and DOWN keys to increment and decrement the filter thickness.
  • Page 49 Operation Modes of Operation (HVL) Exposure Rate To make HVL determination using exposure rate measurements Make sure that the NERO mAx is turned off. Plug one end of the NERO mAx’s detector cable into the NERO mAx detector. Plug the other end of the detector cable into the NERO mAx’s detector connector. No filter card is required for exposure or rate measurements.
  • Page 50 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual R/min INTERN RATE MODE CHAMBER MODE SENS SAVE After the exposure has started, the NERO mAx displays the exposure rate. When the rate has stabilized or the desired rate has been achieved, press the SAVE softkey (softkey 4) to save the rate measurement. R/min INTERN RATE...
  • Page 51 Operation Modes of Operation R/min INTERN RATE MODE CHAMBER MODE SENS SAVE After the second exposure has started, the NERO mAx displays the exposure rate. When the rate has stabilized or the desired rate has been achieved, press the SAVE softkey (softkey 4) to save the rate measurement.
  • Page 52 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual 3.50 mmAl R/min MAKE EXPOSURE # 03 INTERN RATE MODE CHAMBER MODE SENS The NERO mAx is now ready to take the next exposure. The NERO mAx stays in this measurement loop until ten exposures have been made or the mode key is pressed, which exits to the mode selection screen.
  • Page 53 Operation Modes of Operation Please Wait… HIGH 10 mm MODE CHAMBER SENS BEAM Please wait while the NERO mAx prepares to take an exposure. If the NERO mAx detects a fault condition such as a high offset, an error message is displayed and the user must correct the error to continue (see Section 4.3--Error Messages--for more information).

  • Page 54: Hvl Mode

    Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual The NERO mAx is now ready to take the next exposure. Position an aluminum absorber in the beam and make the exposure. If the previously measured exposure is not acceptable, press the reject softkey to retake the exposure. If an overrange occurs, an error message is displayed and the exposure must be taken over.

  • Page 55: Cal Mode

    Operation Modes of Operation 2.5.8 Cal Mode n.nn Rcm/nC E±nn SCATTER n.nn Gy/nC E±nn MAMMO n.nn R/nC E±nn CT EXP FLUORO n.nn R/nC E±nn AMSE n.nn R/nC E±nn FLUORO INTERN n.nn E±nn MODE CHAMBER VALUE EXPONENT R/Gy The Cal mode is used to enter and store calibration factors for ion chambers used with the NERO mAx. Calibration factors are available for the NERO mAx’s internal chamber and external chambers, including the Victoreen CT chamber.

  • Page 56: Setup Mode

    Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual Exposure and rate measurements made with external ion chambers are calculated using the stored calibration factor (R/nC or Gy/nC) for the selected external chamber and air density correction. For more information about entry of air density information (temperature and pressure), see SETUP mode. 2.5.9 Setup Mode The Setup Mode is used to setup various features of the NERO mAx.
  • Page 57 Operation Modes of Operation To Set Air Density (Temperature & Pressure) CLOCK − > SETUP PRINT − > UNITS − > AIR −−− > 20.5 C 734 mmHg DATE −− > CT EXP Oct. 1996 TIME −−> AMSE MODE SELECT TEMP.

  • Page 58: Unit Id

    MODE SELECT ON/OFF 2.5.10 Unit ID Displays the NERO mAx’s serial number, firmware part number and revision. This information is necessary when calling Fluke Biomedical at 440.248.9300 for information or assistance. UNIT ID Oct. 10, 1996 SETUP 12:00:00 Model 8000 S/N:...

  • Page 59: Calibration

    A calibration report is provided with each NERO mAx. This calibration report contains the NERO mAx’s calibration data as well as the recommended re-calibration date. Copies of calibration reports can be obtained by contacting Fluke Biomedical at 440.248.9300 The NERO mAx must be returned to an authorized calibration facility for re-calibration 3.2 Calibration Check...
  • Page 60 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual In addition, the detector must be positioned in the same manner each time that this calibration check is performed. Failure to follow reproducible techniques will result in inaccurate measurements. NOTE The calibration check is not intended to replace the need for periodic calibration against a reference standard.
  • Page 61 Calibration Calibration Check ANALYZING DATA FILTER = CHECK RADIO 0 ms MODE SENS DELAY Please wait while the NERO mAx analyzes the exposure data. 2.107 Ratio Avg 1.993 Ratio Eff RADIO 0 ms Please MODE SENS DELAY Wait… After data analysis is complete, the detector ratios are displayed. The detector ratios should be near two under these conditions.
  • Page 62 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual (Blank page)

  • Page 63: Troubleshooting

    If the NERO mAx does not turn on with the AC adapter, the adapter may be defective or the NERO mAx is in need of repair. Please contact Fluke Biomedical at 440.248.9300. NERO mAx battery does not appear to hold a charge The NERO mAx rechargeable battery holds sufficient charge for up to 4 hours of operation depending upon use.

  • Page 64: Modes Of Operation

    If a key does not depress, it may be stuck down and needs to be lifted up. If a key’s function cannot be restored, repairs may be needed. Please contact Fluke Biomedical at 440248.9300 for assistance.
  • Page 65 2 and if the ratios displayed are near 1, one of the NERO mAx solid-state detectors has failed and must be replaced. Please call Fluke Biomedical at 440.248.9300 for assistance. Inaccurate kV measurements may result when making measurements on self-rectified dental machines whose kV peaks vary by more than the selected %kV.
  • Page 66 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual data acquisition by 10 milliseconds or select a lower %kV. For more information see Section 4.5-- Waveforms - Overshoot. Short measured exposure times may also result when the NERO mAx only “sees” only part of an x-ray exposure.

  • Page 67: Mammo Mode

    Troubleshooting Modes of Operation Measured mAs is not what is expected The measured mAs may appear to be low when the NERO mAx only “sees” only part of an x-ray exposure. This happens when exposures are made near the NERO mAx’s minimum detectability and only a portion of the exposure is above the instrument’s threshold.

  • Page 68: Amse Mode

    2 and if the ratios displayed are near 1, one of the NERO mAx solid-state detectors has failed and must be replaced. Please call Fluke Biomedical at 440.248.9300 for assistance. In the pulsed fluoro mode, overshoots can occur on the leading edges of the pulses. This is usually indicated by a significant difference between the peak or average kVp and the effective kV.

  • Page 69: Error Messages

    An error has been detected in the calibration coefficients that have been stored in the NERO mAx. The NERO mAx is not usable in this state and must be returned to Fluke Biomedical for repair. Please contact Fluke Biomedical at 440.248.9300 for assistance.
  • Page 70 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual This error message is displayed if the exposure time, including any measurement delay, is longer than 60 seconds. The fluoro mode may be used for kV measurements when exposure time exceeds 60 seconds. To measure exposure when exposure time exceeds 60 seconds, the exposure mode should be used. FILTER CARD IS NOT INSTALLED The filter card is not installed.
  • Page 71 NERO mAx, the chamber is defective and should be repaired. If an offset error message persists, contact Fluke Biomedical at 440248.9300 for assistance. OVERRANGE ERROR…# nnnn The NERO mAx has received a signal from its detector that is above its measurement range and therefore cannot be accurately measured.
  • Page 72 An error has been detected in the kV calibration coefficients that have been stored in the NERO mAx for the filter that is presently in use. The NERO mAx cannot be used for measurements with this filter and must be returned to Fluke Biomedical for repair. Please contact Fluke Biomedical at 440.248.9300 for assistance.

  • Page 73: Power Up Diagnostic Messages

    The NERO mAx has tested its power supplies and one or more of the NERO mAx power supplies has been found to be greater than 10% above or below its nominal voltage. Cycle the instrument power off then on again, if this error message persists, call Fluke Biomedical at 440.248.9300 for assistance. EPROM checksum test failed A CRC test of the NERO mAx program (EPROM) memory has detected an error.

  • Page 74: Waveforms - Overshoot

    Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual 4.5 Waveforms - Overshoot An overshoot during the start of a radiographic exposure can cause the NERO mAx to calculate kV and/or exposure time incorrectly when a high %kV, such as 90%, is selected. This may also occur in the mammographic mode, where the %kV is fixed at 90% of kVp.
  • Page 75 Troubleshooting Waveforms-Overshoot NOTE calculated exposure time this 100 millisecond exposure, taken with a ten millisecond delay, is now correct and the overshoot at the beginning of the exposure has been skipped. The waveform is now only 90 milliseconds in length because the NERO mAx delayed data acquisition for ten milliseconds.

  • Page 76: Waveforms - Partial Kv Waveforms

    Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual 4.6 Waveforms - Partial kV Waveforms Exposure Results, Low Sensitivity kVp Avg kV Eff kV Peak mSec 40.5 39.7 10.6 kV Waveform Low Sensitivity mSec NOTE In the above kV waveform, no data is plotted below approximately 39 kV.
  • Page 77 Troubleshooting Waveforms-Partial kV Waveforms kV Waveform High Sensitivity mSec In the exposure below, part of the kV waveform appears to disappear after an initial peak. This is because after the initial peak, the radiation output drops below the level at which the NERO mAx can accurately reproduce the kV waveform.

  • Page 78: Waveforms - Self Rectified

    Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual 4.7 Waveforms - Self-Rectified This example shows the effects of using an incorrect %kV setting when making measurements on a single-phase, self-rectified dental x-ray machine. The x-ray machine was set for 70kVp, 15mA and 8 pulses (133 milliseconds). The NERO mAx %kV was set to 90% and no measurement delay was used. Note that the measured exposure time is less than the actual exposure time.
  • Page 79 Troubleshooting Waveforms-Dental with Filament Preheat Output Waveform Dental With 14 Pulse Filament Preheat 120% 100% Filament Preheat Pulses Exposure Time (ms) Below is an example of what the NERO mAx “sees” when making a measurement without a measurement delay on this type of generator. Note that the NERO mAx only acquires the two pulses during the filament preheat period.
  • Page 80 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual Radiation Waveform -20 Millisecond Delay 6000 5000 4000 Channel A 3000 Channel B 2000 1000 mSec The NERO mAx Excel Add-In may be used to view kV and radiation waveforms to determine the optimum measurement delay to use. Information on using the NERO mAx Excel Add-In to view waveforms may be found in the NERO mAx Toolkit for Excel Instruction Manual.

  • Page 81: Maintenance

    8. Reconnect the positive battery lead and reassemble the NERO mAx in the reverse order of disassembly. 9. Turn the NERO mAx on and verify that the NERO mAx powers up successfully. If the NERO mAx does not power up properly, please call Fluke Biomedical at 440.248.9300. 5.2 Battery Replacement CAUTION This instrument contains a rechargeable sealed lead acid battery.

  • Page 82: Routine Cleaning

    9. Reconnect the battery leads and reassemble the NERO mAx in the reverse order of disassembly. 10. Turn the NERO mAx on and verify that the NERO mAx powers up successfully. If the NERO mAx does not power up properly, please call Fluke Biomedical at 440.248.9300. 5.3 Routine Cleaning CAUTION Do not immerse the Model 8000.

  • Page 83: Appendix A Temperature And Pressure

    Appendix Temperature and Pressure Appendix A Temperature and Pressure A.1 Temperature and Pressure Any ionization chamber consists of a defined volume of air in which ions produced by radiation passing through the chamber can be collected and measured. A potential difference (voltage) is placed across the plates of the ion chamber.
  • Page 84 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual (Blank page)

  • Page 85: Appendix B Ma Limits Vs. Kv

    Appendix mA Limits vs. kV Appendix B mA Limits vs. kV B.1 mA Limits vs. kV mA Limits vs. kV at 26" SDD, 1.2 mm Al Inherent Filtration - Low Sensitivity: W/Al, 30 - 60 kV Filter Low Sensitivity mA Limits vs. kV at 26" SDD, 1.2mm Al Inherent Filtration - High Sensitivity: W/Al, 30 - 60 kV Filter High Sensitivity...
  • Page 86 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual mA Limits vs. kV at 26" SDD, 1.2mm Al Inherent Filtration - Low Sensitivity: W/Al, 50 - 100 kV Filter Low Sensitivity mA Limits vs. kV at 26" SDD, 1.2mm Al Inherent Filtration - High Sensitivity: W/Al, 50 - 100 kV Filter High Sensitivity...
  • Page 87 Appendix mA Limits vs. kV mA Limits vs. kV at 26" SDD, 1.2mm Al Inherent Filtration - Low Sensitivity: W/Al, 80 - 160 kV Filter Low Sensitivity mA Limits vs. kV at 26" SDD, 1.2mm Al Inherent Filtration - High Sensitivity: W/Al, 80 - 160 kV Filter High Sensitivity...
  • Page 88 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual (Blank page)

  • Page 89: Appendix C: Exposure And Rate Resolution And Limits

    Appendix Exposure and Rate Resolution and Limits Appendix C Exposure and Rate Resolution and Limits C.1 Exposure and Rate Resolution and Limits Exposure and Rate Resolution, Standard Units (R) Low Sensitivity High Sensitivity Chamber Exposure Rate Exposure Rate Mammo .01 R 1 R/min 1 mR .1 R/min...
  • Page 90 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual Rate Limits, SI Units (Gy) High Ion Chamber Sensitivity Sensitivity Mammo 100 Gy/min 10 Gy/min Fluoro 2 Gy/min 200 mGy/min 10 Gy/min 1 Gy/min Scatter 1 Gy/min 100 mGy/min Internal 10 Gy/min 1 Gy/min...

  • Page 91: Appendix D: Ct Exposure Resolution

    Appendix CT Exposure Resolution Appendix D CT Exposure Resolution D.1 CT Exposure Resolution CT Exposure Resolution vs Beam Width, Standard Units (R) Beam Width High (mm) Sensitivity Sensitivity .1 R .1 R .1 R .1 R .1 R .1 R .1 R .01 R .1 R...
  • Page 92 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual (Blank page)

  • Page 93: Appendix E: Ion Chamber Of Sensitive Volume

    Appendix Ion Chamber of Sensitive Volume Appendix E Ion Chamber of Sensitive Volume E.1 Ion Chamber of Sensitive Volume The center of the NERO mAx internal ion chamber is located along the center line of the detector, 6.10 centimeters from the front edge of the detector. The dotted black crosshairs on the top of the detector indicate the approximate center of the chamber.
  • Page 94 Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual (Blank page)

  • Page 95: Appendix F Replacement Parts

    Appendix Replacement Parts Appendix F Replacement Parts F.1 Replacement Parts Item Part Number AC Adapter (United States, Canada) Input: 120 VAC, 60 HZ, 22 W 14-328 Output: 12 VDC, 1 A AC Adapter (Europe) Input: 230 VAC, 50 HZ 14-401 Output: 12 VDC, 1 A AC Adapter (United Kingdom) Input: 240 VAC, 50 HZ, 21.2 VA...

  • Page 96: Accessories

    Victoreen 8000 Operators Manual F.2 Accessories Item Part Number Call Customer Computer, Laptop Service Ion Chamber, CT dose 14-401 Ion Chamber, Fluoro, 150 cc 14-414 Ion Chamber, Mammo, 3.3 cc 14-414 + 14-416 Ion Chamber, R/F dose, 30 cc 16-47 Ion Chamber, Scatter, 400 cc 8000-69 HVL Plates, Set of 11...
  • Page 97 (Blank page)
  • Page 98 Fluke Biomedical Radiation Management Services 6045 Cochran Road Cleveland, Ohio 44139 440.498.2564 120 Andrews Road Hicksville, New York 11801 516.870.0100 www.flukebiomedical.com/rms...

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