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AlliedSignal Bendix/King KLN 89 Pilot's Manual

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Pilot's Guide
ORS 01/02
KLN 89
KLN 89B
GPS Navigation System
Bendix/King
A
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Summary of Contents for AlliedSignal Bendix/King KLN 89

  • Page 1 KLN 89 KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Bendix/King ® GPS Navigation System ORS 01/02...
  • Page 2 KLN 89/89B Pilot’s Guide 006-08786-0000 for KLN 89 and KLN 89B with Operational Revision Status ORS 01 and 02 IMPORTANT: Special installation procedures must be followed in order for the KLN 89B to be certified for IFR En route, Terminal and Non-precision Approach use.
  • Page 3 IMPORTANT: This Pilot’s Guide covers both the KLN 89 (VFR only) and KLN 89B (IFR approved for Enroute, Terminal, and Non-precision Approach phases of flight). There are numerous places throughout this guide which discuss features and operational characteristics which specifically apply to KLN 89B, and not to KLN 89.

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    KLN89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .................i KLN 89(B) SNEAK PREVIEW ............ii HOW-TO INDEX ...............iv 1. KLN 89(B) SYSTEM COMPONENTS ........1-1 2. DATA BASE ..............2-1 2.1. Data Basics ..............2-1 2.2. Data Base Contents and Coverage Areas .....2-1 2.3. ICAO Identifiers .............2-4 2.4.
  • Page 5 Table of Contents 3.9. Direct to Operation ............3-32 3.9.1. Initiating a Direct To ...........3-33 3.9.2. Cancelling a Direct To ........3-35 3.9.3. Waypoint Alerting for Direct To Operation ..3-35 3.10. Navigation Pages ............3-36 3.10.1. The Navigation 1 (NAV 1) Page .......3-36 3.10.2.
  • Page 6 KLN89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Table of Contents 3.14.2. Viewing and Deleting User Waypoints and Waypoint Remarks ..........3-64 3.14.2.1. The OTH 4 Page........3-65 3.14.2.2. The OTH 5 Page........3-65 3.14.3. Viewing the KLN 89(B) Software Status (the OTH 6 page) ..........3-66 3.15. Remote Mounted Annunciators .........3-66 3.16.
  • Page 7 Table of Contents 4.5.2. The Calculator 2 (CAL 2) Page ......4-23 4.5.3. The Calculator 3 (CAL 3) Page ......4-25 4.5.4. The Calculator 4 (CAL 4) Page ......4-26 4.5.3. The Calculator 5 (CAL 5) Page ......4-27 4.5.6. The Calculator 6 (CAL 6) Page ......4-27 4.5.7.
  • Page 8 KLN89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Table of Contents 5.1.3. Changing Or Deleting An Approach Once Loaded Into The Flight Plan ......5-9 5.1.4. Example Approach: No Procedure Turn ...5-10 5.1.5. Example Approach: Off-Airport Navaid .....5-14 5.1.6. Example Approach: Radar Vectors ....5-18 5.1.7. Example Approach: On-Airport Navaid .....5-19 5.1.8.
  • Page 9 Table of Contents This page intentionally left blank TOC-6...

  • Page 10: Introduction

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Introduction INTRODUCTION Congratulations for choosing the Bendix/King KLN 89 or KLN 89B GPS! Celestial navigation will now be a way of life for you. The phe- nomenal accuracy of GPS, along with the KLN 89(B)’s user-friendly operation and graphics display will make flying a delight.

  • Page 11: Kln 89(B) Sneak Preview

    Introduction KLN 89(B) SNEAK PREVIEW If you absolutely can’t wait to use your KLN 89(B) until you’ve read this Pilot’s Guide, this section is for you. This page will teach you just enough to get going and then learn by doing. This operational pre- view assumes the KLN 89(B) has been properly installed, the unit was previously operational in the same general geographical loca- tion, and that no peripheral equipment interfaced with the KLN 89(B)
  • Page 12 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Introduction 6. The next page displayed will probably be a page showing the VHF communication frequencies for the airport you are at. For now, use the right outer knob to turn to the NAV page type (watch the lower left corner of the screen and the small bar at the bottom to know when you are there).

  • Page 13: How-To Index

    Introduction HOW-TO INDEX This index will help you quickly find important procedures at a glance. The list is alphabetized by action words. SEE PAGE: Activate a waypoint in OBS mode without changing the selected course ................4-40 Activate one of the previously created numbered flight plans..4-4 Add a waypoint to a flight plan ............4-5 ‡Add an individual waypoint in the SID or STAR procedure..5-33 Adjust the minimum display brightness ..........3-9...
  • Page 14 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Introduction SEE PAGE: Create a flight plan ................4-2 Create a user-defined waypoint at your present position....4-31 Create a user-defined waypoint using the radial/distance method 4-33 Create a user-defined waypoint with latitude/longitude....4-32 Cycle between distance and desired track display on a numbered flight plan page ..............4-4 Cycle between distance, ETE, ETA, and desired track on the FPL 0 page..................4-13...
  • Page 15 Introduction SEE PAGE: Select a waypoint by scanning with the cursor off......3-23 Select a waypoint by scanning with the cursor on......3-23 Select an airport by scanning the airport name ......3-25 ‡Select and load an approach into the active flight plan (FPL 0)..5-5 Set the alarm ...................4-26 Set the date on the SET 2 page .............3-60 Set the time on the SET 2 page............3-61...
  • Page 16 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Introduction This page intentionally left blank...
  • Page 17 System Components LEFT/RIGHT D-BAR SELECTED COURSE...

  • Page 18: Kln 89(B) System Components

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide System Components 1. KLN 89(B) SYSTEM COMPONENTS A basic KLN 89(B) system consists of a panel mounted KLN 89(B) GPS and a KA 92 GPS antenna. An altitude input is required to obtain full navigation and operational capabilities. Additional system components may be added or interfaced to the KLN 89(B) which increase its features and capabilities.
  • Page 19 If an error is detected in the configuration data, a warning page stating Configuration Mem Error will be displayed during the KLN 89(B) start-up sequence, and the configuration memory will be set to arbitrary default values. See an authorized AlliedSignal Service center to correct the configuration memory error.
  • Page 20 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide System Components This page intentionally left blank...
  • Page 21 Data Base Figure 2-1 KLN 89(B) Data Base Geographical Region...

  • Page 22: Data Base

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Data Base 2. DATA BASE 2.1. DATA BASICS The data base provides two primary functions. First, it makes pilot interface with the GPS sensor much easier. Rather than having to manually look up and then enter the latitude and longitude for a spe- cific waypoint, it allows you to merely enter a simple waypoint identifier.
  • Page 23 Data Base The following is a listing of the KLN 89(B) data base contents: AIRPORTS Identifier Name City, State or Country Use type (if heliports, military, or private) Latitude and Longitude Elevation Runway numbers, lengths, surfaces, and lighting Fuel availability Approach types available (precision, non-precision, or none) Radar approach/departure environment Time difference relative to UTC.
  • Page 24 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Data Base VORs Identifier Name Frequency Latitude and Longitude Magnetic variation NDBs Identifier Name Frequency Latitude and Longitude (Note - Outer Compass Locators are stored as Intersections) Intersections (low altitude, high altitude, SID/STAR, approach, and outer markers) Identifier Latitude and Longitude...

  • Page 25: Icao Identifiers

    Data Base 2.3. ICAO IDENTIFIERS Waypoints are stored in the KLN 89(B) database almost exclusively by their ICAO identifiers. ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) is an internationally accepted reference for the data. In almost all cases the proper ICAO identifiers may be taken directly from Jeppesen-Sanderson or NOS aeronautical charts.

  • Page 26: Computer Updating Of The Data Base

    2.6 details on these programs. NOTE: AlliedSignal sends the update so that it arrives prior to the next effective date. The new update may be installed any time prior to the effective date and the KLN 89(B) will use the previous data up to the effective date and automatically begin using the new data on the effective date.
  • Page 27 Data Base CAUTION: The data base must be updated only while the air- craft is on the ground. The KLN 89(B) does not perform any navigation function while the data base is being updated. Since a data base update takes approximately 5 minutes it is a good idea to turn off all electrical equipment on the aircraft except for the KLN 89(B) to avoid running down the aircraft battery.
  • Page 28 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Data Base knob to select the SET 3 page åå.ånm| Update DB on åå.ånm| Update DB on (figure 2-2). åååååå| ground only: åååååå| ground only: Leg|Key Leg|Key E507FB92 E507FB92 NOTE: The database key is shown SET 3 |Update pub DB? SET 3 |Update pub DB? on the SET 3 page for ORS 02 soft-...

  • Page 29: Card Exchange Updating Of The Data Base

    There are other error messages that may be displayed. If you have a problem that you can’t resolve, write down any error messages to aid your AlliedSignal Service Center in identifying the problem. 2.4.2 CARD EXCHANGE UPDATING OF THE DATA BASE Having the front-loading data card makes KLN 89(B) very easy to update the data base by exchanging cards.

  • Page 30: Data Base Update Service Options

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Data Base 2.6. DATA BASE UPDATE SERVICE OPTIONS The following tear-out page can be used for ordering Americas, Atlantic, and Pacific data base update services from AlliedSignal. The forms may be mailed or FAXed for your convenience.
  • Page 31 KLN 89(B) Data Base Update Service Order Form Consult Pricing Sheet (006-08794-0001) for Service Prices AlliedSignal CAS offers several update Note: Updates are current for 28 days service options to suit your requirements. after effective date on diskette. If you...
  • Page 32 Fold here NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST-CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO. 121 OLATHE, KANSAS POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE ALLIEDSIGNAL COMMERCIAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS M D 45 400 NORTH ROGERS ROAD OLATHE KS 66062-9987...
  • Page 33 CURSOR DATA BUTTON CARD KLN 89B TSO ëî.ïnm|∞VOR ëî.ïnm|∞VOR KLAX KLAX ELMOOi|≥ 3 ELMOOi ELMOOi|≥ 3 ELMOOi CRSR Leg| Leg| 4 LAX18 4 LAX18 FPL 0 | FPL 0 | 9:KLAX 9:KLAX > CLR NRST PULL SCAN ON/OFF MESSAGE ALTITUDE DIRECT-TO ENTER RIGHT...

  • Page 34: Basic Gps Operation

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 3. BASIC GPS OPERATION 3.1. COVERAGE AREA The KLN 89(B) was designed to provide worldwide navigation cover- age from North 74° latitude to South 60° Latitude (figure 3-2). Outside this area, magnetic variation must be manually entered as discussed in section 4.10, “Operation Outside the Primary Coverage...
  • Page 35 KLN 89 KLN 89 ORS 01 ORS 01 seconds. During this time, the Self-Test in Progress Self-Test in Progress ©1995 AlliedSignal ©1995 AlliedSignal KLN 89(B) performs an extensive Avionics, Inc. Avionics, Inc. internal test. The operational revision status (ORS) level num-...
  • Page 36 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation The distance field in the upper left corner always displays 34.5 nm (or 63.9 km). If the KLN 89(B) is interfaced to a compatible indicator that displays DME distance, the indicator should be displaying 34.5 nautical miles. If the KLN 89(B) is interfaced with a NAV indicator such as an HSI or a course deviation indicator (CDI), the deviation bar (D- bar) should be indicating a half scale deviation to the right.
  • Page 37 Basic GPS Operation cally updated very precisely when at least one satellite is being received. However, if for some reason the date or time are incor- rect, it is necessary to enter the correct date or time so that the KLN 89(B) can reach the navigation mode quickly.
  • Page 38 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation The KLN 89(B) is capable of displaying the following time zones: Coordinated Universal Time (Zulu) Greenland Standard Time (UTC - 3) Greenland Daylight Time (UTC - 2) Atlantic Standard Time (UTC - 4) Atlantic Daylight Time (UTC - 3) Eastern Standard Time (UTC - 5) Eastern Daylight Time (UTC - 4)
  • Page 39 Basic GPS Operation 7. To aid the GPS receiver in acquiring your position, it helps to have a reasonable idea of where you are, and the Initialization page is where you have the chance to set this initial position. Check to see if the displayed initial position is where you actually are.
  • Page 40 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation an out of date data base; however, you must exercise extreme caution and always verify that the data base information is correct before using information from an out-of-date data base. Press F to acknowledge the information on the Data Base page.

  • Page 41: Display Format

    Basic GPS Operation Next, you’ll probably want to check the NAV 2 page to see your present position. Use the right outer knob to select the NAV page type and then the right inner knob, if necessary, to select the NAV 2 page. It is quite --.-nm| --.-nm| >PRESENT POSN...
  • Page 42 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation meters (km) and kilometers/hour (k/h). Changing any of the units of measure only affects the information displayed on the unit. It does not affect any of the data output by the unit. The brightness of the display is controlled by a photocell on the 89(B) front panel.
  • Page 43 Basic GPS Operation NOTE: For purposes of this Pilot’s Guide, many screen åå.ånm| KISM åå.ånm| KISM åååååå|KISSIMMEE MUN åååååå|KISSIMMEE MUN illustrations do not show actual Leg|ORLANDO Leg|ORLANDO APT 1 |FL APT 1 |FL navigation data in this area as in figure 3-29.

  • Page 44: Basic Operation Of Panel Controls

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation mation associated with a particular åå.ånm| KICT åå.ånm| KICT page number doesn’t fit on the page åååååå|TWR åååååå|TWR 118.20 118.20 being viewed. In this case the “+” sign Leg|UNIC Leg|UNIC 122.95 122.95 APT+5 |CL C APT+5 |CL C 126.70...

  • Page 45: Page Selection

    Basic GPS Operation 3.4.1. PAGE SELECTION It is now time to learn to select a desired page. NOTE: The cursor function is not used in selecting pages and the B button should not be pressed at this time. If CRSR is annunciat- ed in the lower left corner of the display, press the B button to turn the cursor function off.

  • Page 46: Data Entry

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation Therefore, turning the right outer åå.ånm| åå.ånm| TURN TURN knob three clicks clockwise will get åååååå| ANTICIPATION åååååå| ANTICIPATION you to the SET pages (figure 3-37). Leg| Leg| ENABLED ENABLED SET 4 | SET 4 | The annunciator bar and the page labels work kind of like a map to get...
  • Page 47 Basic GPS Operation 2. If required, rotate the right outer åå.ånm|>Wpt åå.ånm|>Wpt Fr> Fr>KRDU KRDU knob to position the cursor åååååå| 217° To>KSAV åååååå| 217° To>KSAV (figure 3-40). Leg|255nm ESA 3800' Leg|255nm ESA 3800' *CRSR*|121kt ETE 2:06 *CRSR*|121kt ETE 2:06 3.

  • Page 48: The Duplicate Waypoint Page

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 89(B) uses ICAO identifiers, which means that many U.S. airport identifiers begin with the letter K. Also, many airport identifiers in Europe begin with the letter E or the letter L. Especially when flying VFR, you will mostly want to enter Direct To or Flight Plan waypoints which are airports.
  • Page 49 Basic GPS Operation types (APT, VOR, NDB, INT, USR) and the associated countries which use the identifier. To see an example of a Duplicate Waypoint page, try entering the identifier “D” as a Direct To waypoint or a Flight Plan Waypoint: 1.

  • Page 50: Cyclic Fields

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 3.4.4. CYCLIC FIELDS On many of the KLN 89(B) pages, åå.ånm| AUS åå.ånm| AUS there are cyclic fields , which are pre- åååååå|Mag Var åååååå|Mag Var 7° 7° Leg| Leg| ceded by a carat (>). A cyclic field is VOR 2 |>135°To 13.3nm VOR 2 |>135°To 13.3nm one that you as the pilot can select...

  • Page 51: Initialization And Time To First Fix

    Basic GPS Operation To view a message: *Data Base Outdated *Data Base Outdated 1. Press the C button. The MSG All Data Must be All Data Must be Confirmed Before Use Confirmed Before Use page will appear and show the new message (figure 3-61).
  • Page 52 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation not being blocked. If possible, position the aircraft away from hangars or other obstructions. 3. It is very helpful for the KLN 89(B) to have the correct time, date and position to be able to determine which satellites should be in view.
  • Page 53 Basic GPS Operation 3. Once you have entered the complete identifier, press F. åå.ånm| CYYC CYYC åå.ånm| 3560ft 3560ft åååååå|CALGARY INTL åååååå|CALGARY INTL The display will change to the # Leg|CALGARY # Leg|CALGARY APT 1 |AB APT 1 |AB waypoint page for the waypoint you entered (figure 3-65).

  • Page 54: Selecting And Scanning Waypoints

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 3.7. SELECTING AND SCANNING WAYPOINTS There are five types of waypoints: airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, and user waypoints. Waypoints in the published data base fall into one of the first four types. You can create up to 500 user waypoints to supplement the waypoints in the data base (see section 4.2.1 to create...
  • Page 55 Basic GPS Operation base which matches what you’ve åå.ånm| K åå.ånm| KO O HJ 90ft 90ft entered so far (in this case, Hall åååååå|ELLIS åååååå|ELLIS Airport in Kaufman, Texas). Go Leg|JACKSONVILLE Leg|JACKSONVILLE *CRSR*|NC *CRSR*|NC ahead and experiment a little bit. 4.

  • Page 56: Selecting Waypoints By Scanning

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 3.7.3. SELECTING WAYPOINTS BY SCANNING You may also select waypoints by scanning through them. This may be done with the cursor either on or off. To select a waypoint by scanning with the cursor off: 1.

  • Page 57: Selecting Waypoints By Name Or City

    Basic GPS Operation 5. Use the right inner knob to leaf åå.ånm| KL åå.ånm| KL6 6 2100ft 2100ft through all the data base airports åååååå|LITTLE BEAR LK åååååå|LITTLE BEAR LK whose identifiers begin with KL. Leg|LITTLE BEAR LK Leg|LITTLE BEAR LK *CRSR*|SK *CRSR*|SK You will see KL6, Little Bear Lake...
  • Page 58 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 5. Move the cursor one space to the åå.ånm| ABB åå.ånm| ABB 112.40 112.40 right and select the second char- åååååå|N åååååå|NA A BB acter, “A” (figure 3-82). Leg| Leg| N 38°35.33' N 38°35.33' *CRSR*| *CRSR*|...

  • Page 59: Nearest" Functions

    Basic GPS Operation inner knob in and turning it, you can leaf through the remainder of the pages for La Guardia. NOTE: This same method may be used with the name of the city where the airport is located. There are a few changes made to names in order to accommodate the KLN 89(B) display and to make the names easier to find.

  • Page 60: Viewing The Nearest Waypoints

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation Airports VORs NDBs Intersections User-defined waypoints Special Use Airspaces Flight Service Station Frequencies Center Frequencies To select the desired nearest function, use the right inner knob to move the cursor to the desired selection and press F. Notice that the cursor is initially over the APT field, so you may press G then press F immediately to access the nearest airports.

  • Page 61: Nearest Airport Criteria

    Basic GPS Operation only be reached by scanning backwards. It does not wrap around after the last waypoint in the complete list. Waypoint pages displayed in the nearest list do not contain a latitude and longitude position as they do in the complete list. Instead, the bearing and distance to the waypoint (or the radial and distance from the waypoint) are displayed.

  • Page 62: Continuous Display Of Nearest Airport

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 3.8.1.2 Continuous Display of Nearest Airport When the nearest airport page is initially displayed, “1” is displayed in the upper right hand corner of the page to designate this airport as the nearest airport. However, if you continue to fly along your flight plan with this page selected, the same airport will be displayed and its position in the nearest airport list will change from 1 to 2, 3, 4 ...
  • Page 63 Basic GPS Operation Training Area TRNG Warning Area WARN Terminal Radar Service Area TRSA The nearest special use airspace fea- ture is constantly keeping track of the åå.ånm|KANSAS CITY åå.ånm|KANSAS CITY åååååå|CL B åååååå|CL B five nearest areas of SUA. Pressing Leg| Below 8000ft Leg| Below 8000ft the G button and selecting the SUA...

  • Page 64: Viewing The Nearest Flight Service Station Frequencies

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation page (airport communications) for the primary airport so that the cor- rect communications frequency may be determined. To scan through the remainder of the nearest SUA areas, pull the right inner knob to the “out” position and turn it clockwise to view the SUA pages for the second nearest through fifth nearest SUAs.

  • Page 65: Viewing The Nearest Center Frequencies

    Basic GPS Operation 3.8.4. Viewing the Nearest Center Frequencies The KLN 89(B) also stores in its data base the low altitude boundaries of åå.ånm|LOS ANGELES CTR åå.ånm|LOS ANGELES CTR each of the ARTCC “Centers”. The åååååå| åååååå| 118.55 118.55 Leg| Leg| 132.85 132.85...

  • Page 66: Initiating A Direct To

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation If none of the conditions above are occurring, then: 4. When D is pressed, the waypoint identifier for the current active waypoint will be displayed. ‡However, if the KLN 89B’s active waypoint is the Missed Approach Point and the aircraft has flown past the MAP, then the KLN 89B will display the first way- point of the missed approach procedure on the Direct To page.
  • Page 67 Basic GPS Operation 5. Use right outer and inner knobs åå.ånm| åå.ånm| DIRECT TO: DIRECT TO: as in the previous steps until the åååååå| åååååå|« « desired identifier is completely KCA A D D « « # Leg| # Leg| *CRSR*| *CRSR*| displayed (figure 3-104).

  • Page 68: Cancelling A Direct To

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation If you get off course and wish to recenter the left/right deviation bar (D-Bar) to proceed to the same waypoint, use the following procedure. To recenter the D-Bar by going direct to the active waypoint: 1.

  • Page 69: Navigation

    Basic GPS Operation 3.10. NAVIGATION PAGES As you would expect, the NAV (navigation) pages contain information relating specifically to the KLN 89(B)’s navigation capabilities. The KLN 89(B) has four NAV pages. The procedure for selecting specific pages, including the NAV pages, was described in section 3.4.1, “Page Selection”.
  • Page 70 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation right of the center triangle indicates the aircraft is two nautical miles to the left of course (figure 3-113). The center triangle also serves as KAUG åå.ånm| åå.ånm| KBGR KBGR ∆ KAUG ∆...
  • Page 71 Basic GPS Operation Line 3: Magnetic desired track, and magnetic actual track (see Appendix A for navigation terms). In normal on-course flight, it is desirable to steer the aircraft to keep these two numbers equal. Line 4: A cyclic field which can display either bearing to the active waypoint (To), radial from the active waypoint (Fr), or the VNAV sta- tus, which will either by Off, Armed, time until VNAV begins, or the suggested VNAV altitude (see...

  • Page 72: The Navigation 2 (Nav 2) Page

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 3.10.2. THE NAVIGATION 2 (NAV 2) PAGE The NAV 2 pages in figures 3-119 åå.ånm| >PRESENT POSN åå.ånm| >PRESENT POSN and 3-120 display the aircraft’s åååååå| åååååå| Leg| Leg| N 38°53.74' N 38°53.74' present position in one of two NAV 2 | NAV 2 |...

  • Page 73: The Navigation 3 (Nav 3) Page

    Basic GPS Operation 3.10.3. THE NAVIGATION 3 (NAV 3) PAGE The Navigation (NAV) 3 page shows åå.ånm|Time åå.ånm|Time CDT 1605 CDT 1605 you several important times pertaining åååååå|Depart åååååå|Depart 1343 1343 Leg|ETA KIXD Leg|ETA KIXD 1710 1710 to your flight (figure 3-123). NAV 2 |Flight NAV 2 |Flight 2:22...
  • Page 74 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation The left side of the screen displays the distance to go, active way- point identifier, and mode annunciation (either Leg, or the OBS selected course), just like it usually would, but the fourth line is a cyclic field for which you may select: Magnetic Desired Track (degrees) DTK123...
  • Page 75 Basic GPS Operation When you are navigating with a flight plan (see section 4.2), the NAV 4 page displays the waypoints of the active flight plan (FPL 0) with their waypoint identifiers (figure 3-125). Course lines connect the flight plan waypoints. % % ORL íò.ênm| íò.ênm|...
  • Page 76 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation To select the desired NAV 4 orienta- ëó.ñnm| ëó.ñnm| tion, you must first select the menu, SUA: SUA:off VOR:off VOR:off then use the right outer knob to posi- KORL KORL { Leg| Leg| APT:off APT:off...
  • Page 77 Basic GPS Operation NOTE: Only the outer lateral boundaries are displayed for Class B, Class C, CTA, and TMA airspace. The actual SUA may have differ- ent lateral limits (i.e. smaller) depending on your present altitude. In the same manner, the nearest VORs and/or airports may be selected by first using the right outer knob to move the cursor over the ëó.ñnm|...

  • Page 78: Waypoint

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation • Press E to instantly declutter the SUA, VOR, and airport selections from the graphics display. Flight plan and Direct To waypoints will still be displayed. Press E again to restore the selections.

  • Page 79: The Airport 2 (Apt 2) Page

    Basic GPS Operation PRIVATE if it is a private use airport. åå.ånm| KLIT åå.ånm| KLIT 3 3 260ft 260ft If the airport is being viewed as part of åååååå|ADAMS åååååå|ADAMS Leg| 7200ft Leg| 7200ft HRD L HRD L the nearest airports list (see section APT 1 |>103°To 14.5nm APT 1 |>103°To 14.5nm...

  • Page 80: The Airport 3 (Apt 3) Page

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation Line 3: The State if the airport is located in the U.S., the Province if located in Canada, or the country if outside the U.S. and Canada. A listing of the abbreviations used for States, Provinces, and countries is contained in Appendix D.

  • Page 81: The Airport 4 (Apt 4) Page

    Basic GPS Operation If the airport has a GPS non-precision approach included in the KLN 89B data base, GPS will also be displayed on line 4. The lower right corner will display (R) if the airport has an approach/departure radar environment. 3.11.1.4.

  • Page 82: The Airport 5 (Apt 5) Page

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation Runway lighting Abbreviations: Sunset to sunrise Pilot controlled lighting Part-time or on-request lighting Lines 3-4: Runway information for the next shortest runway (if any), in the same format as lines 1 and 2. In the event that there is no runway information for an airport, the fol- lowing message is displayed on the APT 4 page: *No Runway Data...

  • Page 83: The Airport 6 (Apt 6) Page

    Basic GPS Operation radio radar-only frequency terminal area (VFR frequency used outside the U.S.) control tower UNIC unicom Part-time operation, such as for a control tower, is indicated with an asterisk (*) to the right of an airport frequency. The frequencies associated with class B or C airspace, CTA or TMA are VFR frequencies.

  • Page 84: The Airport 7 (Apt 7) Page

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation To enter an airport remark on the APT 6 page: 1. Turn on the cursor and move it åå.ånm| KLIT åå.ånm| KLIT until the cursor fills line 2 of the åååååå| åååååå| [Remarks] [Remarks] «...

  • Page 85: The Airport 8 (Apt 8) Page

    Basic GPS Operation ‡ 3.11.1.8. The Airport 8 (APT 8) Page (KLN 89B only) See figure 3-152. The APT 8 page specifies the non- precision IAPs (Instrument Approach åå.ånm| KFNL åå.ånm| KFNL Procedures) available for the airport. åååååå| 1 NDB 33 åååååå| 1 NDB 33 Remember that the desired approach Leg| 2 RNAV 15...

  • Page 86: The Vor 1 Page

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 3.11.2. VOR PAGES Two pages of information may be displayed for each VOR in the KLN 89(B). Sample VOR pages are shown in figures 3-154 through 3-156. åå.ånm| MEX åå.ånm| MEX 117.00 117.00 3.11.2.1.

  • Page 87: Ndb

    Basic GPS Operation 3.11.3. NDB PAGES Two pages of information may be displayed for each NDB in the KLN 89(B). Sample NDB pages are shown in figures 3-157 through 3-159. 3.11.3.1. The NDB 1 Page See figure 3-157. åå.ånm| DFI åå.ånm| DFI Line 1: The NDB identifier, preceded åååååå|DEFIANCE...

  • Page 88: Intersection

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 3.11.4. INTERSECTION PAGES The Intersection pages contain low altitude, high altitude, approach, and SID/STAR intersections as well as outer markers and outer com- pass locators. The Intersection pages for waypoint ELVIS (figures 3-160 and 3-161) are used as an example of what is displayed for Intersection pages 3.11.4.1.

  • Page 89: User Waypoint

    Basic GPS Operation 3.11.5. USER WAYPOINT PAGES The User waypoint pages (USR 0, USR 1, USR 2, and USR 3) allow you to create “custom” waypoints for use in navigation. A crop sprayer might want to create a waypoint on a field that is sprayed regularly, for instance.

  • Page 90: The User 3 (Usr 3) Page

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation nearest VOR to the user waypoint. The reference waypoint may be changed by the pilot. However, once you leave this page and come back, the reference waypoint reverts back to a nearby VOR. Line 3: The magnetic radial from the reference waypoint to the user waypoint.

  • Page 91: Altitude

    Basic GPS Operation 3.12. ALTITUDE PAGES The ALT (altitude) pages are used to control and display most of the altitude-related functions of the KLN 89(B), including minimum safe alti- tudes and vertical navigation (VNAV). The ALT pages are accessed by pressing the A button. The first time the A button is pressed, the ALT 1 page is displayed (figure 3-169).
  • Page 92 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation Use the right inner knob to update åå.ånm| åå.ånm| BARO: BARO: 30.12 30.12" " the altimeter baro setting (figure 3- åååååå| åååååå| 171). Leg| Leg| 3200ft 3200ft *CRSR*| *CRSR*| 5600ft 5600ft Line 3 displays the Minimum Safe Figure 3-171 Altitude (MSA) IMPORTANT: The minimum safe altitude displayed is the altitude...

  • Page 93: Viewing And Setting The Date And Time

    Basic GPS Operation the OBS mode, the minimum enroute safe altitude is the highest MSA sector altitude from the present position to the active waypoint. WARNING: The MSA and ESA altitudes displayed are advisory in nature only. They should not be relied upon as the sole source of obstacle and terrain avoidance information.
  • Page 94 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 6. Repeat step 5 for the ones digit of 18 NOV 9 9 _ _ åå.ånm|DATE åå.ånm|DATE 18 NOV the year field. åååååå|TIME 1430:22 MST åååååå|TIME 1430:22 MST # Leg| # Leg| Mountain Std Mountain Std 7.

  • Page 95: The Other (Oth)

    Basic GPS Operation 3.14. THE OTHER (OTH) PAGES 3.14.1. DETERMINING THE STATUS OF THE GPS SIGNALS The Other (OTH) 1 and OTH 2 pages may be viewed at any time to determine the status of the GPS receiver and the GPS satellites being received.
  • Page 96 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation In the initialization state the GPS receiver is in the process of initializing itself, collecting information such as the date, time, and last present position. Next, the receiver collects data from its own memory to determine which satellites should be visible.

  • Page 97: Viewing And Deleting User Waypoints And Waypoint Remarks

    Basic GPS Operation • The specific GPS satellites or “space vehicles” (SV) being received are displayed in the left column. Each satellite has its own identification number. A * symbol to the right of the satellite number indicates this particular satellite is not presently being used in the navigation position solution.

  • Page 98: The Oth 5 Page

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 3.14.2.1.The OTH 4 Page An example of an OTH 4 page is åå.ånm|User Waypoints åå.ånm|User Waypoints shown in figure 3-188. All currently åååååå| åååååå| LAKE LAKE stored user-defined waypoints are Leg| Leg| MYRWY 0 MYRWY 0 OTH+4 |...

  • Page 99: Viewing The Kln 89(B) Software Status (The Oth 6 Page)

    Basic GPS Operation point is an airport, then an “A” is displayed on the right side; likewise, a “U” represents a user-defined waypoint. If there are more than three waypoints, you can see the rest of the list by turning on the cur- sor (B) and turning the right outer knob to scroll through the list.

  • Page 100: Avionics Bus Voltage Alerting

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation In addition, there may be a NAV/GPS switch/annunciator to switch a CDI or HSI indicator’s navigation source between the KLN 89(B) and a VOR/ILS system, and a GPS APR switch/annunciator which allows display and control of the KLN 89B approach modes (see section 5.1).

  • Page 101: Special Use Airspace Alerting

    If your KLN 89(B) is frequently giving you this alert message, it may become a nuisance, and you may desire to have your AlliedSignal Service Center adjust the voltage alert parameters. 3.17. SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE ALERTING The KLN 89(B) data base contains the location of areas of special use airspace (SUA).
  • Page 102 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation NOTE: In addition to the message page messages that alert you to special use airspace, the KLN 89(B) can also display the five nearest areas of SUA. It will even give you the direction and distance to the nearest edge of the SUA.
  • Page 103 Basic GPS Operation occur if the aircraft is within approximately two nautical miles of one of these areas even if the aircraft’s projected track 10 MIN 2 MILES over the ground won’t actually penetrate the SUA area (figure 3-203). If one of the SUA areas is penetrated, another message will state: Inside SUA.

  • Page 104: Sample Trip

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation CAUTION: It is the pilot’s responsibility to avoid those areas of special use airspace where ATC clearance to penetrate is required but has not been obtained. The KLN 89(B)’s special use airspace alert is only a tool to assist the pilot and should never be relied upon as the sole means of avoiding these areas.

  • Page 105: Enroute

    Basic GPS Operation (KAUS) by using the right inner knob to select the characters and the right outer knob to move the flashing part of the cursor to the desired cursor location. 7. Press F. The APT 1 page for Mueller Municipal is now dis- played on the screen.

  • Page 106: Terminal Area

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Basic GPS Operation 5. For the majority of the en route portion of the flight, you select the NAV 4 page’s moving map display. Pressing the right B button, you select the 30 nautical mile range scale using the right inner knob.
  • Page 107 Basic GPS Operation This page intentionally left blank 3-74...

  • Page 108: Advanced Gps Operation

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 4. ADVANCED GPS OPERATION 4.1. CREATING AND MODIFYING FLIGHT PLANS The following rules and considerations apply to KLN 89(B) flight plans: • The KLN 89(B) is capable of storing in its memory 25 flight plans plus an active flight plan.
  • Page 109 Advanced GPS Operation To create a flight plan: 1. Select the flight plan (FPL) pages with the right outer knob. 2. Select a flight plan page åå.ånm|Copy FPL 0? åå.ånm|Copy FPL 0? (preferably other than FPL 0) åååååå|« 1: åååååå|« 1: >Dis >Dis which does not contain a flight...
  • Page 110 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 8. Press F again to approve the åå.ånm|Use? Inverted? åå.ånm|Use? Inverted? åååååå| åååååå| 1:KNEW 1:KNEW >Dis >Dis waypoint page being displayed. Leg| Leg| « «« « cursor will move *CRSR*| *CRSR*| automatically to the second waypoint position (figure 4-5).

  • Page 111: Viewing Distance And Desired Track Between Stored Flight Plan Waypoints

    Advanced GPS Operation 4.1.2. VIEWING DISTANCE AND DESIRED TRACK BETWEEN STORED FLIGHT PLAN WAYPOINTS The stored flight plan (FPL 1-25) pages have a field to the right of each waypoint in the flight plan. This field may be used to display the cumulative distance (Dis) to each waypoint or the magnetic desired track (Dtk) from the previous waypoint.

  • Page 112: Adding A Waypoint To A Flight Plan

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 3. Press F to activate the flight ìîînm|≤ 1:KORL ìîînm|≤ 1:KORL >Dis >Dis plan order shown KATL KATL |≥ 2:KATL |≥ 2:KATL Leg| Leg| 3:KSTL 3:KSTL (figure 4-12). To activate the FPL 0 | FPL 0 | 4:KIXD 4:KIXD...

  • Page 113: Deleting A Waypoint From A Flight Plan

    Advanced GPS Operation 4. Complete the waypoint entry åå.ånm|Use? Inverted? åå.ånm|Use? Inverted? operation (figure 4-16). åååååå| åååååå| 1:KNEW 1:KNEW >Dis >Dis GPT T # Leg| # Leg| 2:GP ---- ---- *CRSR*| *CRSR*| 8:KPIE 8:KPIE ---- ---- NOTE: If adding a waypoint or way- points (such as adding SID/STAR/ Figure 4-16 Approach procedures) would exceed...

  • Page 114: Deleting Flight Plans

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 4.1.6. DELETING FLIGHT PLANS To delete a flight plan which is no longer required: åå.ånm|Use? Inverted? åå.ånm|Use? Inverted? åååååå| åååååå| 1:KNEW 1:KNEW >Dis >Dis 1. Display the flight plan (FPL 0, Leg| Leg| 2:GPT 2:GPT...

  • Page 115: Operating From The Active Flight Plan

    Advanced GPS Operation 4. Press F to load the active flight åå.ånm|Use? Inverted? åå.ånm|Use? Inverted? åååååå| åååååå| 1:KORL 1:KORL >Dis >Dis plan into this numbered flight plan Leg| Leg| 2:KATL 2:KATL (figure 4-27). FPL 7 | FPL 7 | 4:KIXD 4:KIXD Figure 4-27 4.2.

  • Page 116: Turn Anticipation And Waypoint Alerting

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation to cancel the Direct To operation and operate from the active flight plan, press D, E, and then F. • As flight plan waypoints are reached, the active leg symbol auto- matically shifts to the next leg. •...
  • Page 117 Advanced GPS Operation Approximately 20 seconds prior to the åå.ånm| åå.ånm| 1:SLC 1:SLC >Dis >Dis beginning of turn anticipation, the åååååå|≤ 2:OGD åååååå|≤ 2:OGD Leg|≥ 3:MLD Leg|≥ 3:MLD arrow preceding the active waypoint FPL 0 | FPL 0 | 7:KPIH 7:KPIH identifier will begin flashing on the FPL 0 page and on any Navigation...

  • Page 118: Viewing The Waypoint Pages For The Active Flight Plan Waypoints

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 4.2.3. VIEWING THE WAYPOINT PAGES FOR THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN WAYPOINTS The waypoint pages for each of the åå.ånm|∆ 6 KPIH åå.ånm|∆ 6 KPIH 4450ft 4450ft åååååå|POCATELLO REGL åååååå|POCATELLO REGL waypoints in the active flight plan may Leg|POCATELLO Leg|POCATELLO be easily displayed by selecting the...
  • Page 119 Advanced GPS Operation common to receive vectors in the terminal area and then be given a clearance direct to the first point in the flight plan that was filed. The KLN 89(B), as an advisory navigation source, makes this kind of operation very easy to accomplish.

  • Page 120: Viewing Distance, Ete, Eta, Or Desired Track To Flight Plan Waypoints

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 4.2.5. VIEWING DISTANCE, ETE, ETA, OR DESIRED TRACK TO FLIGHT PLAN WAYPOINTS The active flight plan (FPL 0) page has a data field to the right of each waypoint in the flight plan. This field may be used to display the cumulative distance (Dis) from the present position to each waypoint, the estimated time en route (ETE), the estimated time of arrival (ETA), for which the time zone abbreviation is displayed, or the mag-...

  • Page 121: Altitude Alerting

    Advanced GPS Operation NOTE: When the KLN 89(B) is in OBS mode, the FPL 0 page will pre- sent OBS selected course (OBS) as an option instead of magnetic desired track (Dtk). The selected course will be displayed to the right of åå.ånm|≤...
  • Page 122 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 3. If necessary, adjust the altitude åå.ånm| åå.ånm| Altitude Altitude alert audio volume by moving the åååååå| Alert: ON « åååååå| Alert: ON « cursor to the Volume: field. Use Leg| Warn: ±300ft Leg| Warn: ±300ft *CRSR*| Volume: *CRSR*| Volume: 03...
  • Page 123 Advanced GPS Operation 9. The aural alarm activates as follows: • 1000 feet prior to reaching the selected altitude--three short tones • Upon reaching the selected altitude--two short tones • Deviating above or below the selected altitude by more than the warn altitude--four short tones NOTE: Due to the resolution of the altitude input, it may be neces- sary to descend slightly below or climb slightly above the selected...

  • Page 124: Advisory Vnav Operation

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 4.4. ADVISORY VNAV OPERATION The KLN 89(B)’s advisory vertical navigation (VNAV) feature allows you to program a descent or ascent path, and then provides you with an advisory altitude to fly that will provide guidance along the vertical path.
  • Page 125 Advanced GPS Operation 2. The cursor should be on and over the selected altitude field on the right side of line 2. If the cursor is not on, press B. 3. Enter the desired altitude of 1900 åå.ånm|Vnv Inactive åå.ånm|Vnv Inactive feet in the selected altitude field, åååååå| 07500 to : åååååå| 07500 to :019...
  • Page 126 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation desired vertical speed is reached, position the cursor over the vertical speed field and VNAV will commence. When VNAV begins, the top of the page displays an advisory altitude. Descending at the vertical speed displayed on line 4 should keep you very close to the VNAV advisory altitude, but you may need to make slight adjustments to stay right on pace.

  • Page 127: Vnav For Flight Plan Operation

    Advanced GPS Operation Additionally, you may force the VNAV into “Inactive” status by chang- ing the vertical speed to +0000fpm. To reactivate VNAV after changing a parameter, simply move the cursor to the vertical speed field, or select the new desired vertical speed. If you make a change to the groundspeed during the time VNAV is active, VNAV will remain active, and a new vertical speed will be cal- culated and displayed.

  • Page 128: Calculator

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 4. This field displays bearing to îî.ênm| îî.ênm| ∂∆ KDBQ ∂∆ KDBQ active waypoint, radial from 158kt|> 158kt|> ªªªª∑ºπªªªª ªªªª∑ºπªªªª >Leg|DTK 094° TK 093° >Leg|DTK 094° TK 093° active waypoint, or VNAV status. NAV 1 |>...
  • Page 129 Advanced GPS Operation To calculate distance, bearing, time , and ESA from waypoint to waypoint: 1. From the CAL 1 page (figure åå.ånm|>Fpl: 0 åå.ånm|>Fpl: 0 KJFK KJFK åååååå| åååååå| To KORD To KORD 68), turn on the cursor (B). It will Leg|643nm ESA 4100' Leg|643nm ESA 4100' appear over a cyclic field that either...

  • Page 130: The Calculator 2 (Cal 2) Page

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation To calculate distance, time and ESA for a flight plan: 1. From the CAL 1 page, turn on the cursor (B). It will appear over a cyclic field that either displays Wpt (waypoint to waypoint) or Fpl (flight plan).
  • Page 131 Advanced GPS Operation 3. Turn the right outer knob åå.ånm|>Wpt åå.ånm|>Wpt Fr> Fr>KDPA KDPA « « clockwise to move the cursor to åååååå|127kt To>KSUS « åååååå|127kt To>KSUS « the "from" waypoint in the upper Leg|FF:010 Res:005 Leg|FF:010 Res:005 *CRSR*|Fuel Req *CRSR*|Fuel Req right corner of the screen (figure...

  • Page 132: The Calculator 3 (Cal 3) Page

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation To calculate fuel requirements for a flight plan: 1. From the CAL 2 page, turn on the cursor (B). It will appear over a cyclic field that either displays Wpt (waypoint to waypoint) or Fpl (flight plan).

  • Page 133: The Calculator 4 (Cal 4) Page

    Advanced GPS Operation To set the alarm: 1. Turn on the cursor (B). If necessary, change the system time zone to the desired one on line 1 of the CAL 3 page. 2. To set the alarm to activate at a certain time, more the cursor to the at: field on line 2.

  • Page 134: The Calculator 5 (Cal 5) Page

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 4.5.5. THE CALCULATOR 5 (CAL 5) PAGE The CAL 5 page is used to determine density altitude. To calculate the density altitude: 1. Turn on the cursor (B). 2. The pressure altitude (Prs) displayed will be either the last entered pressure altitude on this page, or the last calculated pressure altitude from the CAL 4 page.

  • Page 135: The Calculator 7 (Cal 7) Page

    Advanced GPS Operation knob (figure 4-89). If the åå.ånm|CAS: åå.ånm|CAS: 130kt calibrated airspeed isn’t known, åååååå|Prs: åååååå|Prs: 05500ft 05500ft Leg|Temp: Leg|Temp: 006°C 006°C use the indicated airspeed. For *CRSR*|TAS *CRSR*|TAS 141kt 141kt most aircraft the difference between the calibrated airspeed Figure 4-89 and the indicated airspeed is small at cruise airspeeds.

  • Page 136: The Calculator 8 (Cal 8) Page

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 2. Enter the aircraft’s true airspeed åå.ånm|TAS: åå.ånm|TAS: 136kt by using the right inner knob åååååå|Hdg: åååååå|Hdg: 090° 090° Leg|Headwind 018kt Leg|Headwind 018kt (figure 4-91). If the CAL 6 page *CRSR*|110 True 020kt *CRSR*|110 True 020kt was previously used to calculate true airspeed, it will already be...

  • Page 137: Creating User-Defined Waypoints

    Advanced GPS Operation example, the waypoint shown could be KLAX and the time zone may be Eastern Standard Time (EST) Make sure you select the appropri- ate time zone for the displayed waypoint. åå.ånm|KLGA åå.ånm|KLGA 2. Turn on the cursor (B). åååååå| åååååå|07 JUL 95 07 JUL 95...

  • Page 138: Creating A Waypoint At Your Present Position

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation To delete a user-defined waypoint that is no longer needed, see section 3.14.2, "Viewing and Deleting User Waypoints and Waypoint Remarks". 4.6.1. CREATING A WAYPOINT AT YOUR PRESENT POSITION Creating a waypoint at your present position is the simplest possible way to create a user-defined waypoint.

  • Page 139: Creating A Waypoint At A Certain Latitude/Longitude

    Advanced GPS Operation NOTE: Another way to create a user- defined waypoint at your present åå.ånm| VALLY USR at:« åå.ånm| VALLY USR at:« åååååå| User Pos L/L? åååååå| User Pos L/L? position is to select the USR pages, # Leg| User Pos R/D? # Leg| User Pos R/D? *CRSR*| *CRSR*| Present Pos?

  • Page 140: Creating A Waypoint Referenced From Another Waypoint

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 5. Press F. The display will åå.ånm| FARM« åå.ånm| FARM« change format like åååååå| åååååå| _ __°__.__' _ __°__.__' Leg| Leg| ____°__.__' ____°__.__' figure 4-107. *CRSR*|>---°To ----nm *CRSR*|>---°To ----nm Figure 4-107 6. Use the right inner knob to select N for north or S for south åå.ånm| FARM«...
  • Page 141 Advanced GPS Operation knob changes the character and åå.ånm| FCTR åå.ånm| FCTRY Y USR at:« USR at:« the right outer knob moves the åååååå| User Pos L/L? åååååå| User Pos L/L? cursor around. Leg| User Pos R/D? Leg| User Pos R/D? *CRSR*| Present Pos? *CRSR*| Present Pos? 3.

  • Page 142: Navigation Modes

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 4.7. NAVIGATION MODES The KLN 89(B) allows you to choose how the course to the active waypoint is defined. This is done by selecting between the two course modes, LEG and OBS. The LEG mode means that the course to the active waypoint is selected by the KLN 89(B), and is the default mode when the KLN 89(B) starts up.

  • Page 143: The Obs Mode

    Advanced GPS Operation 2. Navigation is provided along the great circle path between two waypoints. As you probably know, great circle navigation is the shortest distance between two points located on the earth's surface. In the case of Direct To operation, the "from" waypoint is not displayed but it is the point where Direct To operation was initiated.
  • Page 144 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 3. The course selection is normally made by changing the selected course displayed on an external indicator such as an HSI or CDI. When this is done, the pilot must verify that the proper course has been selected by confirming the digital selected course readout displayed on the KLN 89(B).

  • Page 145: Switching From The Leg Mode To The Obs Mode

    Advanced GPS Operation 6. When the active waypoint is a VOR, and the AUTO magnetic variation mode is active (see section 4.10), the published mag- netic variation for the VOR is utilized rather than the calculated magnetic variation, so that the KLN 89(B) indication will be identi- cal to a NAV receiver indication.

  • Page 146: Going Direct To A Waypoint While In The Obs Mode

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation the Leg mode, unless the mode change was made on the “from” side in which case the KLN 89(B) will calculate the correct desired track for the new leg. 3. With the exception of #2 above, the characteristics of normal Direct To operation apply.

  • Page 147: Changing The Cdi Scale Factor

    Advanced GPS Operation To activate a waypoint in OBS mode without changing the selected course: 1. Press D (figure 4-125). The åå.ånm| åå.ånm| DIRECT TO:« DIRECT TO:« åååååå| åååååå| « « rules described in section 3.8, # 149| # 149| «...

  • Page 148: The Fuel Management

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation 3. Press the E button until this åå.ånm| åå.ånm| ∆ GQE« ∆ GQE« line changes to the CDI scale åååååå|> åååååå|>CDI Scale:5.0nm CDI Scale:5.0nm field (figure 4-129). 149| 149| TK 147° TK 147° *CRSR*|>146°To *CRSR*|>146°To 0:21...

  • Page 149: The Other 7 (Oth 7) Page

    Advanced GPS Operation CAUTION: The KLN 89(B) fuel calculations are based on the pre- sent rate of fuel flow, the present groundspeed, the present distance to destination along the programmed route, and the amount of fuel presently remaining. Before take-off, the fuel flow computer must be properly initialized with the amount of fuel on board (FOB) the aircraft.

  • Page 150: The Other 8 (Oth 8) Page

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation the KLN 89(B) is interfaced with a compatible Shadin fuel flow computer, it is possible to define the fuel on board by using the KLN 89(B). In these installations it is not required to have the fuel flow computer’s control head installed in the aircraft.

  • Page 151: The Other 9 (Oth 9) Page

    Advanced GPS Operation • The endurance in hours and minutes. The endurance is calculat- ed based on the amount of fuel remaining after subtracting out the reserve you entered on the OTH 7 or the OTH 8 page from the present fuel on board.

  • Page 152: The Other 11 (Oth 11) Page

    KLN 89(B) Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation NOTE: Heading information inputs to the KLN 89(B) must be in a format which is different than available from most mechanical compass sys- tems, including the Bendix/King KCS 55A (KI 525A HSI with bootstrap heading synchro) and KCS 305 compass systems.

  • Page 153: The Other 12 (Oth 12) Page

    Advanced GPS Operation 4.9.2. THE OTHER 12 (OTH 12) PAGE Without a fuel management system this åå.ånm|SAT åå.ånm|SAT 5°C 5°C åååååå|TAT åååååå|TAT 8°C 8°C becomes the OTH 8 page. The follow- Leg|Prs Leg|Prs 8700ft 8700ft ing information is displayed (figure OTH 12|Den OTH 12|Den 9500ft...
  • Page 154 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Advanced GPS Operation procedure, the magnetic variation for the published approach will be used and the follwing message will be displayed: *Mag Var for Published Approach Being Used Also, when the unit is in the OBS mode and the active waypoint is a VOR, the magnetic variation associated with the VOR station willl be used and the following message will be displayed: *Mag Var for Published...

  • Page 155: Using The Take-Home Mode

    Advanced GPS Operation 4.11. USING THE TAKE-HOME MODE It is very likely that the KLN 89(B) will become your "best friend" in the cockpit. As with any good friend, you may need some time to get well- acquainted. This will allow you to utilize it to the maximum extent. A great way to get to know the KLN 89(B) is to use it outside the airplane, using what we call the "take-home mode".

  • Page 156: Approaches And Sid/Stars (Kln 89B Only)

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs 5. APPROACHES AND SID/STARS (KLN 89B ONLY) This is the last chapter on the operation of the KLN 89(B). In this chapter you will learn how to use the KLN 89B for non-precision approach and SID/STAR procedures.
  • Page 157 Approaches and SID/STARs NOTE: There are some approach procedures in the world that are not suited for the operational characteristics of the KLN 89B. These procedures are not included in the data base. Therefore it is not possible to use the KLN 89B for these approaches. It is good pre- flight practice ensure that the KLN 89B contains anticipated procedures for the flight.
  • Page 158 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs Load approach into flight plan CDI Scale Factor ±5.0 nm Approach automatically arms when within 30 nm of the airport and an approach is loaded into the active flight plan CDI Scale Factor changing from ±1.0 nm to ±0.3 nm Approach Arm...
  • Page 159 Approaches and SID/STARs 4. Transition to the approach active mode. This mode change is automatic and occurs at position C in figure 5-1 when: • the aircraft is 2 NM from the FAF and the approach mode is armed • the LEG mode is selected •...

  • Page 160: Selecting An Approach

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs 5.1.1. SELECTING AN APPROACH The first item in the list from the previous section is to select and load the approach into the active flight plan. Approaches are selected from the APT 8 (or ACT 8) page of the airport for which you desire to shoot the approach.
  • Page 161 Approaches and SID/STARs In many cases ATC will not tell you explicitly which IAF to use. In these cases you need to select an IAF which is closest to the route of flight that you expect. If you expect radar vectors, then the selection of the correct IAF is less important because you will be given vectors to the FAF and will not need to use the IAF.

  • Page 162: Interpreting What You See

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs Examine the flight plan and delete those en route waypoints that are not necessary. NOTE: Approaches can only be entered into FPL 0, the active flight plan. If the KLN 89B is turned off for more than 5 minutes, then the approach is deleted when power is turned back on.
  • Page 163 Approaches and SID/STARs VOR. DME arcs greater than 26 NM will have waypoints where the first two characters are the first two letters of the DME identifier. The next three characters will be the radial that the arc way point is on. In the rules above x and yyy are defined as follows.

  • Page 164: Changing Or Deleting An Approach Once Loaded Into The Flight Plan

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs the KLN 89B will not automatically sequence past the waypoint that precedes the fence. The waypoint before the fence is always the missed approach point. The reason that waypoint sequencing is not allowed is that many missed approach procedures require specific actions before going to the missed approach holding point (e.g., climbing on a fixed heading until reaching an altitude).

  • Page 165: Example Approach: No Procedure Turn

    Approaches and SID/STARs will remove the entire approach procedure from the active flight plan. If the KLN 89B was in the approach arm or the approach active mode, then deleting the approach will cause the KLN 89B to change back to en route mode. This means that the CDI scale factor will change back to the default ±5.0 NM scale.
  • Page 166 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs Figure 5-12 3. As you approach ELMOO, the KLN 89B will provide waypoint alerting on the external annunciator as well as on the screen of the KLN 89B. Once you pass ELMOO, the KLN 89B will auto- matically sequence to the next waypoint in the approach, LAX18.
  • Page 167 Approaches and SID/STARs 4. This may be a good time to select LAX18 LAX18 % % ì.ónm| ì.ónm| the NAV 4 page. This page is FITON FITON LAX18 | LAX18 | Leg| Leg| especially useful for getting a " " >´162| >´162| 5 5 feeling of where you are in the...
  • Page 168 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs 9. The KLN 89B will again provide ê.ìnm| ê.ìnm| waypoint alerting MA25B | MA25B | MA25B MA25B Leg| Leg| approach MA25B. This is shown " " >´249| >´249| 3 3 on the NAV 4 page by a flashing active waypoint identifier (figure Figure 5-15 5-15).

  • Page 169: Example Approach: Off-Airport Navaid

    Approaches and SID/STARs 5.1.5. EXAMPLE APPROACH: OFF-AIRPORT NAVAID An approach that is quite common is an approach that is based off of an off-airport navaid. An example of this is the VOR RWY 22 approach to Clovis New Mexico Municipal airport, KCVN. To fly this procedure as published use the following steps and refer to figure 5- 16 for the procedure.
  • Page 170 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs approaching from the Northeast going Direct-to the Clovis airport with no active flight plan. 1. Load the approach into the flight plan as described in section 5.1.1. In this case there is only one IAF so the KLN 89B does not present the option for you to select an IAF.
  • Page 171 Approaches and SID/STARs 4. If a course reversal is required, then upon reaching TXO perform the appropriate holding pattern entry and set the inbound course on the external CDI or HSI. In this example the inbound course is 241°. At this point the KLN 89B works very similar to a con- ventional VOR/DME.
  • Page 172 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs when D is pressed. This is the desired waypoint so press F to confirm the waypoint and proceed direct to the VOR. NOTE: If ATC gives you instructions for a missed approach that are different from the published missed approach procedure, it is always possible for you to select a different direct to waypoint than the default direct to waypoint.

  • Page 173: Example Approach: Radar Vectors

    Approaches and SID/STARs 5.1.6. EXAMPLE APPROACH: RADAR VECTORS For this example we will use the same approach that was used in the previous section except this approach will be conducted with the help of radar vectors from approach control. The aircraft will be assumed to be arriving from the West, although this does not change the way the approach will be flown using the KLN 89B.

  • Page 174: Example Approach: On-Airport Navaid

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs 5.1.7. EXAMPLE APPROACH: ON-AIRPORT NAVAID Another common type of approach is an approach that is based on an on-airport navaid. These could be either VOR or NDB approach- es. An example of this type of approach is the VOR RWY 24 approach to Bowman airport in Louisville, Kentucky (Figure 5-19).
  • Page 175 Approaches and SID/STARs For this example assume that the aircraft is approaching KLOU from the Nabb VOR. 1. After passing the Nabb VOR, you are told to expect the VOR 24 approach at KLOU. You load the approach using the procedure described in section 5.1.1.
  • Page 176 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs factor change. This makes the transition more abrupt. If the switch from OBS to Leg is delayed too long it will not be possible for the KLN 89B to change to the approach active mode. 7.

  • Page 177: Example Approach: Dme Arc

    Approaches and SID/STARs 5.1.8. EXAMPLE APPROACH: DME ARC DME arc procedures with the KLN 89B are completely different from using traditional VOR and DME equipment. Don’t worry though because DME arc procedures using the KLN 89B are also easier than using traditional equipment. This is because the KLN 89B pro- vides left/right guidance around the arc.
  • Page 178 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs Figure 5-22 the approach into the flight plan íê.ínm| VOR íê.ínm| VOR KOWA KOWA (figure 5-23). This waypoint is KOWA KOWA | 1 D011Li | 1 D011Li named using the same conven- # Leg| 5 FOWh # Leg| 5 FOWh *CRSR*|...
  • Page 179 Approaches and SID/STARs CAUTION: The KLN 89B does not take into account the geome- try of the active flight plan when determining the arc intercept point. This point is defined solely on the present radial and the defined arc distance from the reference VOR. For this reason it is better to delay selecting approaches that contain DME arcs until the aircraft is closer to the destination.
  • Page 180 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs • From either page press E. This will change the waypoint to read MOVE? (figure 5-25). If it is desired to recompute the arc intercept point then press F. If a new arc ì.ênm| ì.ênm| intercept point is not desired...
  • Page 181 Approaches and SID/STARs NOTE: Autopilot performance may not be satisfactory if coupled in the NAV mode while flying the arc. Many autopilots were never designed to fly curved paths. If autopilot performance is not satisfac- tory while flying DME arcs, select the HDG mode and keep changing the heading bug to keep the D-bar centered.

  • Page 182: Approach Problems

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs NOTE: If another attempt at the approach is desired after holding, it is necessary to manually change the active waypoint. When the FAF and the missed approach holding point are at the same place then the KLN 89B will automatically change the active waypoint to the FAF when you change from OBS to LEG.
  • Page 183 Approaches and SID/STARs To perform a manual RAIM calculation: 1. Turn the left outer and inner knobs to select the OTH 3 page. 2. Press B. The cursor will be over the RAIM @Dest field. 3. Enter the desired waypoint identifier by using the inner and outer knobs just like you do for any other waypoint entry.

  • Page 184: Sid/Star Procedures

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs 89B will FLAG the navigation solution and a missed approach will have to be flown. The KLN 89B will provide the following message: *Press GPS APR For NAV This message is telling you to cancel the approach mode by pressing the external switch/annunciator.

  • Page 185: Selecting A Sid

    Approaches and SID/STARs SID and STAR procedures are defined in three parts. The parts are the SID or STAR name (e.g., PORTE9), a transition (e.g., Fellows), and a runway specific component (e.g., RW 01L). The APT 7 pages lead you through the selection process. 5.2.1.

  • Page 186: Selecting A Star

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs 5. The last bit of information needed åå.ånm|PORTE9-SID åå.ånm|PORTE9-SID KSFO KSFO to define this SID is the transition. åååååå| Trans 2 CZQ åååååå| Trans 2 CZQ # Leg| # Leg| 3 FLW This example uses the Fellows *CRSR*| *CRSR*|...

  • Page 187: Editing A Sid Or Star

    Approaches and SID/STARs 3. Turn the cursor on by pressing åå.ånm| KDFW åå.ånm| KDFW STAR STAR the B, and, if necessary, rotate åååååå| åååååå| 1 AQN4 AQN4 « « # Leg| # Leg| 2 BOIDS4 2 BOIDS4 the right outer knob until the *CRSR*| *CRSR*| 4 SCY6...
  • Page 188 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs lished procedure. To help you differentiate between approaches (no adding or deleting waypoints allowed) and SID or STAR procedures (adding and deleting waypoints allowed) the waypoint number has a period (.) next to it instead of a blank space. The period also differen- tiates a SID or STAR waypoint from a “regular”...

  • Page 189: Example Of A Sid Procedure

    Approaches and SID/STARs 3. With the cursor over the procedure header, press F to change the SID or STAR or press E and then F to delete the entire procedure. NOTE: Any waypoints manually added to a SID or STAR will be deleted if the SID or STAR is changed or deleted using the above procedure.
  • Page 190 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs Figure 5-43 5-35...

  • Page 191: Example Of A Star Procedure

    Approaches and SID/STARs 6. Before reaching PORTE, change back to the Leg mode to enable automatic waypoint sequencing. Once the aircraft reaches PORTE the KLN 89B will automatically sequence to the next way- point, PESCA. 7. After passing PESCA, the procedure calls for a 090° heading until intercepting the 116°...
  • Page 192 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Approaches and SID/STARs Figure 5-44 If the aircraft you are flying in is a turbojet, then fly the rest of the STAR as depicted on the chart with no changes to the flight plan. If the aircraft is not a turbojet then follow these steps: 4.
  • Page 193 Approaches and SID/STARs 5. Press E and then F to delete a waypoint. 6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 until all of the unnecessary waypoints are deleted. 7. Now add JERRY, CRESN, and RENDY to FPL 0 by using the right inner and outer knobs and F as necessary.

  • Page 194: Appendix A - Navigation Terms

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix APPENDIX A - NAVIGATION TERMS ARC - Radial from reference VOR when executing an approach procedure with a DME arc. BRG - Bearing to waypoint (degrees) - Drift Angle (degrees)-not displayed on KLN 89(B) - Distance to waypoint (nm) NORTH DTK - Desired Track (degrees)
  • Page 195 Appendix This page intentionally left blank...

  • Page 196: Appendix B - Message Page Messages

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix APPENDIX B - MESSAGE PAGE MESSAGES XXXXX Deleted From FPL 0 — The displayed waypoint has been deleted from the active flight plan (FPL 0) when an approach, SID or STAR was added to FPL 0. The pre-existing waypoint was deleted because adding the APR/SID/STAR to the flight plan caused the same waypoint to be listed consecutively in FPL 0.
  • Page 197 Appendix ‡Bad Satellite Geometry And RAIM Not Available -- This message appears only when the KLN 89B is in the approach active mode, RAIM is not available and the satellite geometry has further degraded to cause more uncertainty of the aircraft position.
  • Page 198 Service Required to Prevent Data Loss-- This message appears when the KLN 89(B)’s inter- nal battery is low and needs replacing at an authorized AlliedSignal service center. The battery should be replaced within a week to prevent the loss of all user-defined data including waypoint, airport remarks, flight plans, etc.
  • Page 199 Appendix Magnetic Var for Published Approach Being Used —This message appears when a user-defined magnetic variation has been selected on the SET 2 page and an approach waypoint is active. The KLN 89B will use the magnetic varia- tiion association with the approach waypoint. Magnetic Var Invalid Nav Data Referenced To True North —...
  • Page 200 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix Other WPTs Deleted — (Other waypoints deleted) This message is dis- played whenever more than 10 waypoints used in a flight plan (including the active waypoint) have been deleted. Position of _______ has Changed -- This message appears when either the latitude or the longitude of a waypoint used in a flight plan or the active waypoint has changed by more than .33 minutes as a result of updating the data base.
  • Page 201 Appendix receiver. The blanks will contain a value which may provide assistance to maintenance personnel. Recycle Power to Use Valid Data Base Data -- This message appears when the date entered on the Initialization page is before the data base effective date and the date entered later on the SET 2 page is after the data base effective date, or vice versa.

  • Page 202: Appendix C - Scratchpad Messages

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix APPENDIX C - SCRATCHPAD MESSAGES Active Wpt — (Active Waypoint) Appears when you attempt to delete a user-defined waypoint on the OTH 3 page if the waypoint is the active waypoint (the waypoint you are navigating to). Another waypoint must be made the active waypoint before this waypoint can be deleted from the user-defined waypoint list.
  • Page 203 Appendix No Act Wpt — (No Active Waypoint) Appears when you attempt to activate the OBS mode if there is no active waypoint. To have an active way- point, a flight plan must be activated or a Direct To must be initiated. ‡No Apr In Fpl –...

  • Page 204: Appendix D - Abbreviations

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix APPENDIX D - ABBREVIATIONS STATE ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION STATE Alaska Alabama Arkansas Arizona California Colorado Connecticut District of Columbia Delaware Florida Georgia Iowa Idaho Illinois Indiana Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Massachusetts Maryland Maine Michigan Minnesota Missouri Mississippi Montana North Carolina...

  • Page 205: Canadian Province Abbreviations

    Appendix STATE ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Vermont Washington Wisconsin West Virginia Wyoming CANADIAN PROVINCE ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION PROVINCE Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick Newfoundland Nova Scotia Northwest Territory Ontario Prince Edward Island Quebec Saskatchewan Yukon...
  • Page 206 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) United Arab Emirates Argentina American/Western Samoa Antigua/Barbuda Australia Austria Burundi Belgium Benin Burkina Faso Bangladesh Bulgaria Bahrain Bahamas Bhutan Belize Bermuda Bolivia Bosnia/Herzegovia Brazil Barbados Brunei Botswana Central African Republic Canada Switzerland Chile/Easter Isl.
  • Page 207 Appendix COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) Germany Djibouti Dominica Denmark Dominican Republic Algeria Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Spain Ethiopia Finland Fiji/Tonga Falkland Islands France Gabon United Kingdom Ghana Gibraltar Guinea Guadeloupe/Martinique Gambia Guinea-Bissau Equatorial Guinea Cape Verde Greece Grenada Greenland Guatemala French Guiana Guyana Hong Kong Honduras...
  • Page 208 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) Iraq Iceland Israel Italy Jamaica Jordan Japan/Okinawa Johnston Island Kenya Cambodia/Kampuchea Kiribati/Tuvalu/Phoenix I./Line I. St. Kitts/Nevis Korea Kuwait Laos Latvia Lebanon Liberia Libya/SPA Jamahiriya St. Lucia Sri Lanka Lesotho Luxembourg Macau Morocco Macedonia Madagascar/Comoros/Mayotte I./Reunion...
  • Page 209 Appendix COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) Myanmar Malaysia Namibia New Caledonia Niger Nigeria Nicaragua Niue Island Netherlands Norway Nepal Naura New Zealand Oman Oakland OTCA (PACIFIC) Pakistan Panama Caroline Island/Micronesia Peru Philippines Papua New Guinea Poland Puerto Rico Korea (Dem. Peoples Republic) Portugal/Azores/Madeira Isl.
  • Page 210 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) St. Pierre/Miquelon Sao Tome/Principe Suriname Slovakia Sweden Swaziland Seychelles Syria Turks and Caicos Islands Chad Togo Thailand Trinidad/Tabago Tunisia Turkey Taiwan Tanzania Uganda Uruguay United States of America St. Vincent Venezuela Virgin Islands (U.K.) Virgin Islands (U.S.) Vietnam...

  • Page 211: Artcc Abbreviations

    Appendix South Africa Zambia Zaire Zimbabwe ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION ARTCC ALBUQUERQUE ACCRA ADDIS ABABA ADELAIDE ADEN AKMOLA AKTYUBINSK ALGIERS ALMATY AMDERMA AMMAN AMSTERDAM ANADYR ANCHORAGE ARCTIC ANCHORAGE ANCHORAGE OCEANIC ANKARA ANTANANARIVO ARKHANGELSK ASHKHABAD ASMARA ASTRAKHAN ASUNCION ANTOFAGASTA ATHENS ATLANTA ATYRAU AUCKLAND OCEANIC AUKLAND BAGHDAD...
  • Page 212 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) BARCELONA BATAGAY BEIJING BELEM BERMUDA BIAK BISHKEK BLAGOVESHCHENSK BELGRADE BLOEMFONTEIN BODO BODO OCEANIC BOGOTA BOMBAY BORDEAUX BOSTON BEIRA BRINDISI BREMEN BRISBANE BERLIN BARNAUL BARRANQUILLA BRASILIA /UTA BEIRUT BRUSSELS BRATISLAVA BERYOZOVO BRAZZAVILLE BRATSK BREST BUCHAREST...
  • Page 213 Appendix ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) CASABLANCA CHAYBUKHA CHELYABINSK CHICAGO CHOKURDAKH CHERSKY CHITA CHULMAN CLEVELAND COCOS I COLOMBO COMODORO RIVIADAVIA COPENHAGEN CORDOBA CURITIBA CURACAO DAKAR DAKAR OCEANIC DAMASCUS DARWIN DELHI DENVER DAR-ES-SALAAM DHAKA DIKSON DORNOD DUSSELDORF DURBAN DUSHANBE EDMONTON EMIRATES ENTEBBE EZEIZA FRANKFURT FT WORTH GABORONE...
  • Page 214 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) GUAYAQUIL HANOI HARARE HAVANA HONG KONG HONIARA HOCHIMINH HONOLULU CERAP HOUSTON HOUSTON OCEANIC INDIANAPOLIS IRKUTSK ISLA DE PASCUA ISTANBUL JAKARTA JACKSONVILLE JEDDAH JOHANNESBURG KABUL KALININGRAD KAMENNYI MYS KANO KARACHI KATHMANDU KAZAN KANSAS CITY KHABAROVSK KHARKOV...
  • Page 215 Appendix ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) KOSTANAY KRASNOVODSK KRASNOYARSK KIROV KISHINAU KHARTOUM KUNMING KURGAN LAHORE LANZHOU LA PAZ LOS ANGELES LILONGWE LIMA LISBON LJUBLJANA LONDON LUANDA LUBUMBASHI LUSAKA LVOV MADRID MAGADAN MAIQUETIA MALE MANILA MARSEILLE MAURITIUS MAZATLAN MAZATLAN OCEANIC MADRAS MELBOURNE MEMPHIS MENDOZA MERIDA MEXICO...
  • Page 216 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) MINNEAPOLIS MIRNY MALMO MALTA MONCTON NORTHERN MONCTON SOUTHERN MANAUS MONTERREY MOGADISHU MONTREAL MOSCOW MURMANSK MYS SHMIDTA MINSK MONTEVIDEO MUMBAI MUNICH MUREN MUSCAT NADI OCEANIC NAHA NAIROBI NASSAU N'DJAMENA NICOSIA NIKOLAEVSK-NA-AMURE NIAMEY NORILSK NOVOSIBIRSK NUKUS...
  • Page 217 Appendix ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Contd) PUNTA ARENAS PANAMA OCEANIC PORT-AU-PRINCE PARIS PORT ELIZABETH PECHORA PERM PENZA PERTH PETERSBURG PEVEK PHNOM PENH PIARCO PORT MORESBY PUERTO MONTT PRAGUE PARAMARIBO /UTA PETROPAVLOVSK-KAM. PORTO VELHO PYONGYANG RECIFE RESISTENCIA REYKJAVIK RIGA RIVADAVIA REIMS ROBERTS ROCHAMBEAU ROME ROSTOV ROVANIEMI...
  • Page 218 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) SHANGHAI SHENYANG SHANNON SHANWICK OCEANIC SIMFEROPOL SINGAPORE SAN JUAN OCEANIC SKOPJE SALT LAKE CITY SALEKHARD SANTA MARIA OCEANIC SAMARKAND SANAA SOFIA SONDRESTROM STAVANGER STOCKHOLM SUKHUMI SUNDSVALL SURGUT SWITZERLAND SYDNEY SYKTYVKAR SEYMCHAN TAEGU TAHITI OCEANIC TAIPEI...
  • Page 219 Appendix ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) TRONDHEIM TUNIS TURUKHANSK TYUMEN UJUNG PANDANG ULAANBAATAR UNDERHAAN URALSK URUMQI VANCOUVER VARNA VELIKIYE LUKI VIENNA VILNIUS VLADIVOSTOK VOLOGDA VIENTIANE VOLGOGRAD VORKUTA WARSAW WASHINGTON WELLINGTON WINNIPEG WINDHOEK WUHAN YAKUTSK YANGON YEKATERINBURG YENISEYSK YEREVAN YUZHNO-SAKHALINSK ZAGREB ZHEZKAZGAN ZHYGANSK ZURICH ZYRYANKA D-16...
  • Page 220 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix OTHER ABBREVIATIONS USED ON KLN 89(B) PAGES Airport waypoint Aircraft Acquisition Active flight plan waypoints Adjust Alaska Daylight Time Alaska Standard Time Altitude Airport Atlantic Daylight Time Atlantic Standard Time Bearing Calculator Central Daylight Time CHAR Character Course...
  • Page 221 Appendix OTHER ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) Health of space vehicle signal IDENT Identifier INIT Initialization Kilometers Knots Left Local Meters MAG VAR Magnetic variation Mountain Daylight Time Meters per minute Message Mountain Standard Time NDB waypoint North Navigation NAV A Navigation with altitude aiding NAV D Navigation with data collection Nautical miles...
  • Page 222 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix OTHER ABBREVIATIONS (Cont’d) Signal-to-noise ratio Samoa Standard Time Supplemental Space vehicle Software Actual track Total User-defined waypoint User-defined waypoint Coordinated Universal Time (Zulu) VOR waypoint West Waypoint Zulu time D-19...
  • Page 223 Appendix This page intentionally left blank D-20...

  • Page 224: Appendix E - Lat/Lon Conversions

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix APPENDIX E - LAT/LON CONVERSIONS The KLN 89(B) utilizes latitude and longitude expressed in degrees, minutes, and hundredths of a minute. You may occasionally see a document expressing latitude and longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds.
  • Page 225 Appendix LAT/LON CONVERSIONS (Cont’d) SECONDS (”) HUNDREDTHS OF A MINUTE (’) For example: 35° 46’ 24” is the same as 35° 46.40’ 32° 15’ 58” is the same as 32° 15.97’...

  • Page 226: Appendix F- Gps Primer

    KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix F APPENDIX F— GPS PRIMER BACKGROUND The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that was originally conceived and implemented by the United States Department of Defense (DoD). The system is, however, avail- able to all civilian users free of charge.
  • Page 227 Appendix F For example, the GPS receiver might determine that it is exactly 12,000 miles from satellite A, 12,700 miles from satellite B, and 13,100 miles from satellite C. At the same time, the aircraft’s encod- ing altimeter might be indicating an altitude of 9,500 feet MSL. There is only one point in space that satisfies these four measurements.
  • Page 228 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Appendix F GPS SYSTEM SEGMENTS The GPS system is composed of three segments: the Space Segment, the Control Segment, and the User Segment. The Space Segment consists of the 24 NAVSTAR satellites which orbit the earth at an altitude of 10,898 nautical miles. The satellite orbits are very precisely planned so that the entire surface of the earth may use the GPS system 24 hours a day, every day.
  • Page 229 RAIM prediction capability. GPS XPRESS™ CARD 8-CHANNEL RECEIVER The KLN 89 and KLN 89B use an AlliedSignal GPS receiver known as the GPS Xpress™ card. It was dubbed this way because it is identical in size to an everyday credit card, and its faster acquisition time than previous single-channel designs.
  • Page 230 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Index KLN 89(B) INDEX Abbreviations Airport names 3-25, 3-45 ARTCC/FIR D-8 Canadian Province D-2 Communication frequencies 3-49 Country D-2 GPS receiver state 3-62 Other abbreviations D-17 State D-1 Time zones 3-5 ACT (Active waypoint pages) 4-11 Activating Numbered flight plan 4-4 Waypoint in the OBS mode 4-39...
  • Page 231 Index Altitude Alerting 4-14 Density 4-27 Indicated 3-2, 3-58, 4-26 Input 1-1, 3-58 Minimum en route safe (ESA) 3-59 Minimum safe (MSA) 3-59 Pages 3-58, 4-14, 4-17 Pressure 3-58, 4-26, 4-27, 4-28 Annunciators, remote 3-66, 5-1 Antenna 1-1 Approach active (ACTV) mode 5-4 Approach armed (ARM) mode 5-4 Approaches Changing 5-9...
  • Page 232 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Index CAL 6 page 4-27 CAL 7 page 4-28 CAL 8 page 4-29 Canadian province abbreviations D-2 Cancel Direct To operation 3-35, 4-12 External 1-1 Internal 3-36 Scale factor 3-36, 4-40 Changing Approaches 5-9 SIDs 5-33 STARs 5-33 Characters “>“...
  • Page 233 Index Data base Airports 3-45 Card 2-5 Contents 2-1 Currency requirement for approach use 5-1 Functions 2-1 Geographical regions 2-0 ICAO identifiers 2-4 Intersections 3-55 NDBs 3-54 Operating without card 4-46 PC interface kit 2-5 Subscriptions and update options 2-9 Updating 2-4, 2-8 User waypoints 3-56 VORs 3-53...
  • Page 234 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Index Editing Flight plans 4-5, 4-6 SID 5-33 STAR 5-33 Emergency nearest airport 3-26 Enter (ENT) button and prompt 3-10, 3-11 Entering Airport remarks 3-50 User waypoint remarks 3-57 Waypoint identifiers 3-13 Estimated position error (EPE) 3-62 Erase;...
  • Page 235 Index FSS frequencies 3-31 Fuel availability 3-47 Fuel management pages 4-41 Fuel on board 4-41 Fuel planning 4-23, 4-41 Coverage area 3-1 Panel controls 3-0 Receiver status 3-62, 3-63 Theory of operation F-1 GPS APR switch/annunciator 3-66, 5-1 Groundspeed 3-8 h (missed approach holding point identifier suffix) 5-8 Heading 3-43, 4-29, 4-45 Holding pattern 5-18, 5-22, 5-27...
  • Page 236 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Index Latitude/longitude conversion table E-1 Leg mode 4-35 Lighting, runway 3-48 Loading Approach 5-5 SID 5-30 STAR 5-32 Locator outer marker (LOM) 3-55 m (missed approach point identifier suffix) 5-9 Mach 4-45 Magnetic variation 4-46 Map display 3-40 MAP (missed approach point) 3-33, 3-35, 5-9 MAHP (missed approach holding point) 5-9...
  • Page 237 Index Navigation terminology A-1 NDB 1 page 3-54 NDB 2 page 3-54 NDB data Bearing and distance 3-54 Frequency 3-54 Identifier 3-54 Latitude/longitude 3-54 Name 3-54 Nearest 3-27 Nearest Centers 3-31 Flight Service Stations 3-31 Special Use Airspace 3-29 Waypoints 3-27 NOS charts 5-8 NO WPT SEQ 5-9 Non-precision approaches;...
  • Page 238 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Index PC interface kit 2-5 PC requirements for updating data base 2-5 Plus sign (+) meaning 3-10 Prefixes for airport identifiers 2-4 Present position 3-8, 3-39 Procedure turns 5-20 Radial from a waypoint 3-38, 3-39 RAIM (receiver autonomous integrity monitoring) 5-12, 5-27 Prediction 5-28 Radar vectors 5-18...
  • Page 239 Index SET 11 page 3-9 Set date and time 3-3, 3-60 SID (standard instrument departure) Changing 5-33 Deleting 5-34 Editing 5-33 Example 5-34 Loading 5-30 Selecting 5-30 SID/STARs 5-29 Simulator (Take-Home mode) 4-48 Sneak Preview of operation ii SNR (Signal-to-noise ratio) 3-63 Software status 3-66 Special use airspace 3-29, 3-68 STAR (standard terminal arrival route)
  • Page 240 KLN 89/KLN 89B Pilot’s Guide Index Track; See Actual Track Transitions (SID/STAR), selecting 5-30, 5-32 True airspeed 4-27, 4-28, 4-45 Turn anticipation 4-9 Turn-on 3-1 Turn-on page 3-2 Trip planning 4-21, 4-23 Updating the data base 2-4 User waypoints USR 0 page 3-56 USR 1 page 3-56 USR 2 page 3-56 USR 3 page 3-57...
  • Page 241 Index VOR 3-53 Waypoint scanning window 3-44 Waypoints Adding to flight plan 4-5 Creating user waypoint 4-30 Deleting from flight plan 4-6 Deleting user waypoint 3-64 Duplicate 3-15 “From” and “To” waypoints 3-34, 3-36, 4-8 Selecting and scanning 3-21, 3-22, 3-23, 3-24 Viewing user waypoints 3-64 Viewing waypoint in active flight plan (FPL 0) 4-11 Wind 4-28, 4-46...
  • Page 242 AlliedSignal Aerospace Commercial Avionics Systems 400 North Rogers Road Olathe, Kansas 66062-1294 TELEX 669916 KINGRAD • FAX 913-791-1302 TELEPHONE (913) 768-3000 © 1996 AlliedSignal Inc. 006-08786-0000 Rev 3 3/97 Printed in USA...

This manual is also suitable for:

Bendix/king kln 89b

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