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Eiri KY PIK-20 E Flight Manual

Self-launching sailplane
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PIK-20 E Flight manual
FLIGHT MANUAL
for
SELF-LAUNCHING SAILPLANE
PIK-20 E
V EIRI KY
J
Kisällinkatu 8
SF-15170 Lahti 17

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Summary of Contents for Eiri KY PIK-20 E

  • Page 1 PIK-20 E Flight manual FLIGHT MANUAL SELF-LAUNCHING SAILPLANE PIK-20 E V EIRI KY Kisällinkatu 8 SF-15170 Lahti 17...
  • Page 2 ILMAILUHALLITUS Lentotu.vallisuusosasto N:0 ........
  • Page 3 PIK-20 E Flight manual FLIGHT MANUAL SELF-LAUNCHING SAILPLANE PIK-20 E SERIAL NO: REGISTRATION: This sailplane must be operated in compliance with this Manual. THIS MANUAL MUST BE KEPT IN THE SAILPLANE AT ALL TIMES. Approved by National Board of Aviation, Finland...

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    PIK-20 E Flight manual------------------------------------x I FLIGHT MANUAL Page TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. TECHNICAL DATA 1.1 Main technical data I- 1 1.2 Wing I- 1 1.3 Horizontal stabilizer and elevator 1.4 Vertical stabilizer and rudder I- 2 1.5 Fuselage I- 2 1.6 Engine...
  • Page 5 PIK-20 E Flight manual-----------------------------------x 4.2 Symbols of the Controls 1-13 4.3 Flight Instrument Markings 1-15 5. NORMAL PROCEDURES 1-17 5.1 Normal procedures check lists 1-17 5.2 Amplified normal procedures, general I-23 5.3 Refueling I-23 5.4 Water ballast filling instructions I-23 5.5 Daily check...
  • Page 6 PIK-20 E Flight manual 6.3 Sample Problem: Actual weight and C. of G. in flight 1-40 6.4 Weight and Balance Record 1-41 7. PERFORMANCE >‘42 7.1 Performance in glide with engine retracted I-42 7.2 Performance with extended powerplant I-43 7.3 Use of flaps 1-49 7.4 McCready curves...
  • Page 7 PIK-20 E Flight manual LOG OF REVISION Any revision of the present Manual must be recorded in the following table. The new amended text in the revised page will be indicated by a black vertical line in the left hand margin and the Revision No. and date will be shown on the bottom of the page.
  • Page 8 PIK-20 E Flight manual FIG 1: THREE VIEW PIK-20E -5k- references for the ^ control surface movements V EIRI KY__________________________________ Kisällinkatu 8 page vi SF-15170 Lahti 17...

  • Page 9: Technical Data

    PIK-20 E Flight manual TECHNICAL DATA 1.1 Main technical data 15 m (49.2 ft) — Span 6.53 m (21.4 ft) — Lenght 1.47 m (4.8 ft) — Height 1.2 Wing 10.0 m2 (107.6 sqft) — Wing area 22.5 — Aspect ratio 3°...

  • Page 10: Horizontal Stabilizer And Elevator

    PIK-20 E Flight manual ♦ 0° flap flap root 35,0 (12° r2 )up aileron root 22,5 18mm flap root 31.0 (11°.*r2 )down aileron root 21.0 i s mm (11°.v")up 32,0 *256°mm 12° flap flap root 21,0 *i386mm aileron root 27,0 *255°mm (9,5°...

  • Page 11: Engine

    (7.37. . .9.63 Ibs/sqft) 2. SAILPLANE DESCRIPTION 2.1 General description The PIK-20 E is a single seat unlimited 15 m class Utility Category sail­ plane with self launching capability. It is designed in accordance with OSTIV- Airworthiness Requirements For Sailplanes 1976 and German LFSM issue 1975.

  • Page 12: Flight Control And Flap System

    ^PIK-20 E Flight manual------------------------------------^ ture, PVC-foam between epoxy laminates. The wing spar caps are ma­ de of carbon fibre. The fuselage is made of epoxy laminates stiffened with seven ribs in the fuselage and two in the fin. The cockpit area is reinforced with a double bottom and two carbon fibre beams.

  • Page 13: Engine Controls

    PIK-20 E Flight manual the left side panel of the pilot's seat. The overcenter locking system is in both wings. The dive brakes are closed in the forward position. 2.4 Engine controls Choke, decompression and throttle are situated on the left of the instru­...
  • Page 14 The engine has an impulse driven primary fuel pump. 2.9 Electrical system PIK-20 E is equipped with 12 V electrical system consisting of 12 Ah bat­ tery in the engine compartment or below the instrument panel and an alternator. The power is rectified and regularized with a Tympanium- type rectifier.
  • Page 15 PIK-20 E Flight manual FIG 2.1: ELECTRICAL SYSTEM i t//~l V EIRI KY_____ ______ y Kisällinkatu 8 Revision 3.21.8.-79 page 1-7 SF-15170 Lahti 17...

  • Page 16: Fuel System

    PIK-20 E Flight manual FIG 2.2: FUEL SYSTEM Carburettors Fuel return line Engine fuel pump Fuel pump Fuel filter drive line Fuel cock Filler opening with vent cap Fuel quantity gauge Fuel feed line Fuel tank Electric fuel pump Finger strainer 3.

  • Page 17: Flight Load Factors

    PIK-20 E Flight manual >v x) Rough air means such movements of air as in eg. leewave rotors, thunder clouds, visible whirlwinds or when overflying mountain crests, xx) Aerotow and winchtow are allowed only if the original tow hook kit is installed.

  • Page 18: Weight And C. Of G. Limits

    PIK-20 E Flight manual — No snapped figures approved. — Accelerometer mandatory for aerobatics. — Aerobatic maneuvres with water ballast are prohibited. 3.4 Weight and C.G. limits — Empty weight approx. 300 kg (660 lbs) — Maximum gross weight 470 kg (1036 lbs) | —...

  • Page 19: Markings

    Operational limitations This sailplane must be operated in compliance with the operating limits as stated in the form of markings, placards and in the PIK-20 E Flight Manual. All aerobatic maneuvers including spins must be accomplished in accordance with the PIK-20 E Flight Manual.
  • Page 20 PIK-20 E Flight manual 4.1.3 In full view of the pilot Pre-flight check Loading and ballast ..........checked Barograph (if installed)..........on Parachute ..............secured Seat and rudder pedals.......... adjusted Safety bareness............fastened Canopy ..............locked Main switch..............on Engine and engine gauges........tested and checked Flight instruments............

  • Page 21: Symbols Of The Controls

    PIK-20 E Flight manual Near the luggage compartment..MAX RATED LOAD 15 kg (33 lbs) Near the fuel filler opening..... 2-STROKE FUEL. OIL MIXTURE RATIO 1:40 MIN. 96 OCT. (RON) SUPER GASOLINE OR AVGAS 100 LL USABLE CAPACITY 28 L Near the fuel valve ......

  • Page 22: Flaps

    PIK-20 E Flight manual Trim control Nose up Flaps — down Flaps — up Airbrakes — open Pedal adjustment Cabin ventilation Water ballast Engine doors closed EIRI KY Kisällinkatu 8 page 1-14 SF-15170 Lahti 17...

  • Page 23: Flight Instrument Markings

    PIK-20 E Flight manual CHOKE Choke DECOMP, PUSH TO CLOSE Decompression MAIN ON Main switch START Start button PUMP ON Fuel pump switch IGN. ON Ignition switch 4.3 Flight Instrument Markings 4.3.1 Air Speed Indicator — Maximum; Red radial 280 km/h (174 mph, 151 ktsl —...
  • Page 24 PIK-20 E Flight manual 4.3.2 Accelerometer — Maximum positiv; Red radial + 5.3 — Maximum negative; Red radial -2.65 4.3.3 Engine instrument markings — Tachometer; Red line at 6800 rpm Yellow arc 6000 — 6800 rpm Green arc 5000 — 6000 rpm —...

  • Page 25: Normal Procedures

    PIK-20 E Flight manual 5. NORMAL PROCEDURES Normal procedure check lists are mainly to ease the operation with the engine. 5.1 Normal procedures check lists Daily check To be made after the sailplane has been rigged and before the first flight of the day.

  • Page 26: Fuel Cock

    PIK-20 E Flight manual "X 11. Control stick, pedals, flaps, trim and airbrakes operating properly 12. Decompression, throttle and choke functioning properly 13. Wheel brake functioning properly 14. Safety belts in condition 15. No foreign or loose objects in the cockpit 16.
  • Page 27 PIK-20 E Flight manual Starting the engine when cold Throttle..............1/4 open Choke............... 3/4 on Main switch..............on Ignition..............on Electric fuel pump............ on Propeller area ............clear Starter..............engage Choke............... adjust Starting the engine when hot Throttle........1/2. . .1/1 open Choke........
  • Page 28 -PIK-20 E Flight manual------------------------------------ >. Safety harness............fastened Canopy ..............locked Main switch.............on Engine and engine gauges........tested and checked Flight instruments............ checked Flaps.................set Trim.................set Airbrakes..............closed and locked Controls..............free Choke...............off Fuel cock......(in tow: off)....on Electrical fuel pump....(in tow: off)....on Tow rope (in tow).............coupled...

  • Page 29: Electrical Fuel Pump

    — PIK-20 E Flight manual--------------------------------- x Takeoff in aerotow Flaps................+ 4. . .0° Trim................set Airspeed ..............105 km/h (370 kg) 120 km/h (470 kg) Takeoff in winchtow Flaps................+ 4° Trim................1/2 Airspeed ..............110. . .125 km/h Climb Best rate of climb speed (gear up) ......100 km/h Throttle..............

  • Page 30: Before Landing

    PIK-20 E Flight manual Restarting the engine Speed....... 100 km/h open Doors....... extend Engine...... close Doors....... check in mirror that Propeller ....the propeller is rotating slowly Ignition....Fuel cock....Electrical fuel pump 3/4 on if cold Choke..... Throttle....1/4 open engage Starter....

  • Page 31: Amplified Normal Procedures, General

    PIK-20 E Flight manual 5.2 Amplified normal procedures, general The following explains the check lists more in detail and includes also outlandings, aerobatics, cloud flying and other normal operations. 5.3 Refueling Fuel: Min 96 octane (RON) super gasoline or Aviation gasoline 100 LL.

  • Page 32: Daily Check

    PIK-20 E Flight manual 5.5 Daily check The daily check should be carried out every day and after the sailplane has been rigged. Fuel quantity, mass and C. of G. should be checked, taking into account the flying task. Fixed ballasts should correspond to the ballasts given in the last Weight and Balance Record.

  • Page 33: Starting The Engine

    PIK-20 E Flight manual The electric fuel pump helps the starting and it should be on. The de­ compressor must be closed. Turn radio and other electrical equipment off. 5.7 Starting the engine When starting the engine 3/4 choke is required. The throttle should be opened about 1/4.

  • Page 34: Ground Test

    PIK-20 E Flight manual On a normal grass field it is easy to taxy alone with help of the stee­ rable tailwheel. The ground clearance at the lower wing should be taken into account. The turning radius is smaller when turning around the lower wing.
  • Page 35 PIK-20 E Flight manual When the throttle has been fully opened, it takes about 30 m ground run, before the wings can be levelled. With partly filled water ballast tanks the distance to level the wings is longer. Lift off speed: 80 km/h (50 mph, 43 kts) for 370 kg weight or 90 km/h (56 mph, 49 kts) for 470 kg weight.

  • Page 36: Takeoff In Aerotow

    PIK-20 E Flight manual Takeoff in the rain is prohibited With wet or frosty wings the takeoff distance is remarkable longer and the wings must be kept clean and dry before takeoff. Prolonged flying in the rain may cause wearing of the leading edge of the propeller and the drag is doubled referred to the given values in chapter 7: "Performance".

  • Page 37: Climb

    The certificated noise level of PIK-20 E is 63.2 dB (A) in overflight at 300 m (1000 ft) with maximum continuous power 6000 rpm at 100 km/h.

  • Page 38: Stopping And Retracting The Engine In The Air

    PIK-20 E Flight manual 5.16 Stopping and retracting the engine in the air A recommended air speed when stopping and retracting the engine is 100 km/h (62 mph, 54 kts). The propeller will then slow down fast and the retracting can be performed easily. The maximum allowed speed when retracting and extending the engine is 135 km/h (84 mph, 73 kts), but stopping the propeller requires then more experience, and more alti­...

  • Page 39: Glide

    PIK-20 E Flight manual When the propeller is braked in the vertical position, the engine can be retracted with the cranking lever. The lever is first unlocked by pul­ ling the handle out towards the pilot and cranking is made counter­...

  • Page 40: Stalls

    PIK-20 E Flight manual Unlock the cranking lever and extend the engine by turning fifteen turns clockwise. The lever has to be left in such position that the safety cable is tautened. When the door/brake lever is moved forward the propeller should ro­...

  • Page 41: Approach And Landing

    PIK-20 E Flight manual Stall speeds for various flap angles and weights are given in chapter 7 "Performance". Extending the airbrakes increases the stall speed about 8 km/h (5 mph, 4 kts), see 7.1. 5.20 Approach and landing The landing is recommended to be made with the water ballast drained and the engine retracted.

  • Page 42: Stopping The Engine On The Ground

    300 m (1000 ft). 5.23 Aerobatics Even though PIK-20 E is not especially designed for aerobatics, the fol­ lowing aerobatic maneuvers are approved with the recommended entry speeds listed below:...

  • Page 43: Cloud Flying

    PIK-20 E Flight manual The spin is possible at all C. of G. positions. However, with the fo­ reward C. of G. the sailplane will spin only two or three turns. Entry and control positions are normal (pulled stick, central aileron and rudder in spinning direction).

  • Page 44: Flying In Icing And Low Temperature Conditions

    PIK-20 E Flight manual 5.26 Flying in icing and low temperature conditions The sailplane and engine have no deicing devices. Flying in icing con­ ditions is prohibited. Note: The water ballast freezes rather quickly at low temperatures. Frozen ballast will cause serious damages to the wing. If the ambient temperature is below +4°C (40°F), the water ballast must be drained.
  • Page 45 PIK-20 E Flight manual 6. WEIGHT AND BALANCE 6.1 Pre-flight check Before every flight check that the sailplane is loaded according to the given weight and C. of G. limitations. Weight and Balance Record sheet (6.4) gives the empty weight data after the latest change of equipment or fixed ballast.
  • Page 46 /-PIK-20 E Flight manual--------------------------------- Note 4: When needed the actual C. of G. in flight can be calculated ac­ cording to 6.2. 6.1.1. "Empty weight C. of G. range" -criteria When loading the sailplane you can use the pilot weight range 70 kg to 110 kg (incl.
  • Page 47 PIK-20 E Flight manual 6.1.2. "Actual pilot weight range" -criteria To use the actual pilot weight range as criteria for loading, the range must be calculated according to Service Manual Chapter 5. After chan­ ging equipment or fixed ballast, it is not enough to determine the new actual empty weight and empty weight C.

  • Page 48: Eiri Ky

    PIK-20 E Flight manual C. of G. position limits during flight are minimum 2,267 m and maxi­ mum 2,443 m. 6.3 Sample Problem: Actual weight and C. of G. in flight Your sailplane Sample sail plane Moment Moment Weight Weight 1.

  • Page 49: Weight And Balance Record

    PIK-20 E Flight manual Note 2: The moment arm means the distance between the location of the weight and the reference plane in the nose (vertical plane 2.113 m forward of the first wing fitting tube foreward surface). 6.4 Weight and Balance Record The empty weight includes all equipment marked with "x"...

  • Page 50: Performance >'42

    PIK-20 E Flight manual---------------- 7. PERFORMANCE 7.1. Performance in glide with engine retracted Weight 360 kg (794 lbs) 470 kg (1036 lbs) — Stall speed (airbrakes retracted) Flaps:-12° 84 km/h (52 mph, 45 kts) 96 km/h (60 mph, 52 kts) 0°...

  • Page 51: Performance With Extended Powerplant

    PIK-20 E Flight manual Fig 7.1: Polar curve Note: Values are based on sea level, temperature + 15°C. 7.2 Performance with extended powerplant 7.2.1 Power Take-off power 31.7 kW (43 hp) at 6200 rpm at 100 km/h Max continuous rpm 6000 at all speeds...
  • Page 52 PIK-20 E Flight manual Fig 7.2: ROT AX 501 Power curve 1 V = 0 km/h Takeoff power (with propeller) 2 V= 100 km/h 3 V= 150 km/h 4 V = 100 km/h Max continuous 5 V= 100 km/h 75 % power...
  • Page 53 PIK-20 E Flight manual 7.2.3. Take off The takeoff distance can be read from figure 7.3. in meters. Recom­ mended airspeeds are given in figure 7.4. in km/h IAS. Associated conditions: Takeoff power used, neutral flaps, landing gear retracted after lift-off, runway level and dry grass and no wind.
  • Page 54 PIK-20 E Flight manual Note 1: Use of +8° flaps shortens the takeoff by 15 %. Note 2: Concrete runway shortens the takeoff by 10 %. Note 3: 10 km/h headwind shortens the takeoff by 25 %. 10 km/h tailwind lengthens the takeoff by 30 %.
  • Page 55 PIK-20 E Flight manual Note 2: 20°C increase in temperature reduces the rate of climb by 0.20 m/s (40 fpm). (Basic temperature at sea level +15°C. Every 1000 m reduces it by 6.5°C.) Note 3: Rate of climb speed reduces with the altitude.
  • Page 56 PIK-20 E Flight manual 7.2.6 Ceiling With 0.5 m/s rate of climb (see Fig 7.3) W = 470 kg hmax = 5200 m (17000 ft) W = 360 kg hmax = 7200 m (23500 ft) 7.2.7 Operating range At cruising speed 135 km/h and 1000 m (3300 ft) altitude the operating range is 230 km (125 miles) without reserve.

  • Page 57: Use Of Flaps

    PIK-20 E Flight manual Following notes can be seen from the graph: 1. The sailplane drag is 3 to 4 times higher with extended engine L/D max = 16.5 wmin = 1.25 m/s W = 360 kg wmin = 1.45 m/s W = 470 kg and with V = 100 km/h w = 2.0 m/s W = 360 kg...
  • Page 58 /-PIK-20 E Flight manual 7.3.2 Circling polars radius (m) flaps w (m/s) FIG 7.8: Circling polars W = 350 kg V EIRI KY______ _________________ V Kisällinkatu 8 page I-50 SF-15170 Lahti 17...
  • Page 59 PIK-20 E Flight manual radius flaps (m/s) FIG 7.9: Circling polars W = 450 kg eiri ky Kisällinkatu 8 page 1-51 SF-15170 Lahti 17...

  • Page 60: Mccready Curves

    PIK-20 E Flight manual From the curves can be seen that the use of +12° flaps decreases the curve radius by 30 — 50 m compared to 0° flaps. This means clear in­ crease in the rate of climb in any normal thermal.
  • Page 61 PIK-20 E Flight manual VEAS (km/h) FIG 7.10: McCready curves as a function of VEAS at ISA +5° 1 W = 380 kg 0 km 2 W = 380 kg h = 2.0 km 3 W = 450 kg 0 km 4 W = 450 kg h = 2.0 km...

  • Page 62: Pitot Static System Calibration

    PIK-20 E Flight manual When using dolphin flying technic it is better to speak about average speeds 80 km/h and 100 km/h gained during the flight for W/S = 41 —43 kg/m2 and max wing loading limits. 7.6 Pitot static system calibration...

  • Page 63: Emergency Procedures

    PIK-20 E Flight manual 8. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 8.1 Engine failure 8.1.1 Power loss during takeoff Sufficient runway — land normally straight ahead with engine extended — flaps +16° — airbrakes as desired — turn off fuel cock, ignition and main switch Insufficient runway —...

  • Page 64: Jettisoning The Canopy

    PIK-20 E Flight manual------- 8.2.2 In engine during starting in flight — turn off main switch and fuel cock — open throttle — choke and decompression closed — keep the engine extended — land as soon as possible — extinguish fire 8.2.3 In the fuselage...

  • Page 65: Jumping With A Parachute

    PIK-20 E Flight manual "\ 8.4 Jumping with a parachute — jettison the canopy — open the safety harness — jump away from the sailplane — open parachute after 3 seconds (if the height allows) If the sailplane for some reason is impossible to fly and land, it is best to leave the sailplane.

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