DURRIDGE RAD H2O User Manual
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DURRIDGE RAD H2O User Manual

Radon in water accessory for the rad7
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RAD H
O
2
Radon in Water Accessory for the RAD7





User Manual













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Summary of Contents for DURRIDGE RAD H2O

  • Page 1 
 
 RAD H Radon in Water Accessory for the RAD7
 
 
 User Manual 
 
 
 
 
 
...

  • Page 2: Introduction

    Grateful acknowledgment is made of the significant contribution to this manual by Stephen Shefsky, who wrote most of the original NITON RAD H O manual, much of which is incorporated in this version. However, all responsibility for the content now rests with DURRIDGE Company.
 Introduction...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    1.2 General Safety Instructions 1.3 Taking a Look Fig. 1 Aerating a 250mL water sample Fig. 2 Aeration in progress Fig. 3 RAD H2O Schematic 1.4 Running a Test 1.4.1 Preparing the RAD7 1.4.2 Collecting a Sample 1.4.3 Setting Up the Equipment 1.4.4 Starting the Test...
  • Page 4 5.2.5 Aeration 5.2.6 Counting Time 5.2.7 Temperature 5.2.8 Relative Humidity 5.2.9 Background Effects 5.3 Comparison of RAD H2O with Other Methods 5.4 Quality Assurance Fig. 7 Method Comparison 6 CARE, MAINTENANCE, and TROUBLESHOOTING 6.1 Warning on Pump Direction 6.2 Warning on Tipping the Aeration Unit 6.3 Frit Maintenance...

  • Page 5: Getting Started

    1.1 Unpacking Examine the RAD H O case contents and verify that you have all the items shown below. If anything is missing, please call DURRIDGE immediately at (978) 667-9556 or email sales@durridge.com.
 RAD H O Carrying Case • Rugged Pelican brand case
...
  • Page 6 Retort Stand • Small adjustable retort stand
 • Clamp for retort stand RAD H O Aerator Cap Kit • Aerator Cap (x2)
 • Tubing for 40mL and 250mL vials Indoor Faucet Adaptor • Plastic adaptor
 • 20-inch vinyl tubing Drying and Charcoal Tube Kit •...

  • Page 7: General Safety Instructions

    RAD H O Tubing Set • From RAD7 to aerator cap, with check valve (~24”)
 • From aerator cap to drying tube (3”)
 • From drying tube to RAD7 (~24”)
 • RAD H O Bypass Assembly
 • Vacuum grease container (use grease when connecting 
 tubing to the aerator cap to ensure tight seal) 1.2 General Safety Instructions There is nothing particularly hazardous to the user in the RAD H...

  • Page 8: Taking A Look

    1.3 Taking a Look Fig. 1 Aerating a 250mL water sample Fig. 2 Aeration in progress
 The setup consists of three components: the RAD7 During the five minutes of aeration, the radon with printer, the water vial with aerator cap, and the concentration in the air loop will approach tube of desiccant, which is connected to the aerator equilibrium with the remaining radon in the water.
...

  • Page 9: Running A Test

    Fig. 3 RAD H O Schematic When the RAD7 is set to Wat250 or Wat-40 protocol, it automatically calculates the radon concentration in a 250mL or 40mL water sample based on the radon concentration of the air entering the instrument. For this calculation to be performed accurately, the components must be assembled exactly as shown.
...

  • Page 10: Collecting A Sample

    1.4.2 Collecting a Sample end of the glass frit should be 150mm or 4 7/16” from the bottom of the aerator cap. Adjust it as necessary. Getting a good sample requires care and practice. Pick the tube appropriate to the size of vial Sampling technique, or lack of it, is generally the containing the water sample: short for the 40mL vial major source of error in measuring the radon content...

  • Page 11: Starting The Test

    1.4.4 Starting the Test 1.4.5 Finishing the Test Once the RAD7 has finished printing out the header, Unscrew the aerator cap, raise the glass frit out of the [Test] [Start] [ENTER] water, and set the RAD7 to purge. This will blow go to and push .
  • Page 12 Fig. 5 RAD H O printout
 Section 1 Getting Started...

  • Page 13: Background

    2 BACKGROUND Federal action on the problem of radon in drinking 2.1 About Radon-in-Water water picked up in the 1980s with a nationwide Radon originates from the radioactive decay of program to survey drinking water supplies for naturally occurring uranium and radium deposits. radioactivity and to assess the risk to public health.

  • Page 14: Physical Properties Of Waterborne Radon

    This is known as aeration. high sensitivity (as provided by the RAD AQUA [www.durridge.com]), for ground water in situ it is The rate of radon transfer from water to air increases usually more convenient to use the RAD H O.
...

  • Page 15: Mitigation Strategies

    [Prichard, Whittaker, Hahn (Method 913.0), Lowry, column is poorly shielded for high energy radiation, Vitz, Kinner, Hess] and the residents are likely to spend significant periods of time in the radiation field. Over time, a In comparison with the above, the RAD H O offers a long lived decay product, lead-210, builds up in the method as accurate as LS but faster to the first...

  • Page 16: Rad H2O Technique

    3 RAD H O TECHNIQUE 3.1 The Closed Loop Concept 3.3 Purging the System The RAD H O method employs a closed loop After performing a water or air measurement, the aeration scheme whereby the air volume and water RAD7's internal sample cell will continue to contain volume are constant and independent of the flow the radon that was measured.

  • Page 17: Background And Residuals

    when measuring samples below 1,000 pCi/L, but if up to 98% of the remaining radon from the RAD you are measuring only water samples above 1,000 O system when connected in a closed loop. This pCi/L, you may consider this amount of error to be will reduce the system's radon to truly negligible acceptable.
  • Page 18 The solution to the problem of daughter activity is amount can still be a significant amount. The radon time. Simply wait for the activity to decay away. may desorb from these materials over many hours. In Check the background with a blank sample. If it is the worst case you may have to allow the system to sit still too high, keep waiting, and keep checking.

  • Page 19: Results

    4 RESULTS 4.1 How Calculation Is Made a radon-222 atom is 132.4 hours, which is the half- life of 3.825 days multiplied by 24 hours per day The RAD7 calculates the sample water concentration divided by the natural logarithm of 2.) The decay by multiplying the air loop concentration by a fixed correction factor (DCF) is given by the formula DCF conversion coefficient that depends on the sample...

  • Page 20: Fig. 6 Decay Correction Factors

    Hours Hours Hours Hours Hours 1.000 1.008 1.015 1.023 1.031 1.038 1.046 1.054 1.062 1.070 1.078 1.087 1.095 1.103 1.112 1.120 1.128 1.137 1.146 1.154 1.163 1.172 1.181 1.190 1.199 1.208 1.217 1.226 1.236 1.245 1.254 1.264 1.273 1.283 1.293 1.303 1.312 1.322...

  • Page 21: Accuracy And Quality Control

    RAD7's range.
 information about calibration in the RAD7 Manual. 5.2.3 Sample Size Durridge recommends against the use of radium-226 solutions in the RAD H O system due to the risk of A larger sample size provides more counts per minute permanent contamination.

  • Page 22: Aeration

    5.2.5 Aeration 5.2.8 Relative Humidity If a 250mL analysis reads low, a common reason is If the RAD7 is thoroughly dried out before use, the because the glass frit was not at the bottom of the relative humidity inside the instrument will stay bottle, but set for a 40mL vial, thus incompletely below 10% for the entire 30 minutes of the aerating the 250mL sample.

  • Page 23: Comparison Of Rad H2O With Other Methods

    require a fair amount of effort and patience. A more 5.4 Quality Assurance realistic background to shoot for in routine analysis A proper quality assurance plan should follow the might be between 10 and 20 pCi/L. Remember, if you guidelines set by the USEPA as described in [Goldin]. know the background well enough, you can subtract Compliance with future certification programs will it off...

  • Page 24: Fig. 7 Method Comparison

    Method RAD H O 40 RAD H O 250 Big Bottle System Liquid Scintillation Lucas Cell Sample Size (mL) 2500 Sensitivity (cpm/pCi/ 0.008 0.05 0.09 0.05 Background (cpm) 0.1* 0.1* 0.1* 0.25 2-sigma uncertainty at 300 pCi/L (in pCi/L)
 20-minute count 60-minute count 120-minute count 2-sigma uncertainty at 100 pCi/L (in pCi/L)
...

  • Page 25: Care, Maintenance, And Troubleshooting

    A check valve should be used at all times to prevent is. At this point the instrument should be returned to the disastrous possibility of sucking water into the DURRIDGE for service.
 RAD7, should a connector be accidentally reversed. If a reversed connection occurs, the check valve 6.3 Frit Maintenance...

  • Page 26: Foaming

    The RAD H O Bypass Assembly should be connected as shown in Figure 8. DURRIDGE does not expect the RAD H apparatus to require routine maintenance or service When the screw clamp on the Bypass Assembly is beyond the replacement of damaged parts.

  • Page 27: Deviant Setups

    The multiplying factor of 2.0 was derived from a which is long enough to aerate the sample. The final series of experiments performed at DURRIDGE reading will be the same as for standard protocol Company. The precise factor for any setup depends except that it will be more precise.

  • Page 28: Active Drystik (Ads-2, Ads-3)

    2.5 liters. Please see the opened to prevent further aeration of the sample. Durridge website [www.durridge.com] for details. To determine the original radon concentration in the water sample after a SNIFF protocol reading it will be...

  • Page 29: References

    REFERENCES Abdalla, S.A.T. "Measurement and Application of Radon in South African Aquifer and River Waters" Department of Physics, University of the Western Cape (February, 2009). Abojassim, A.A. "Radon Concentrations Measurement for Drinking Water in Kufa City /Iraq Using Active Detecting Method,"...
  • Page 30 Federal Register. "National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; Radionuclides; Proposed Rule," (40 CFR Parts 141 and 142), 56(138):33050- 33127 (July 18, 1991). Federal Register. "Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations; Promulgation of Regulations on Radionuclides," (40 CFR Part 141), 41(133):28402-28405 (July 9, 1976). Frame, P.W.
  • Page 31 Lee J.M. and Guebuem Kimm, “A simple and rapid method for analyzing radon in costal and ground waters using a radon-in-air monitor”, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 89: 219-228, (2006). Lowry, J.D., et al. "Point of Entry Removal of Radon from Drinking Water," Journal AWWA 79(4):162-169 (April 1987).
  • Page 32 Somashekar, R.K., and P. Ravikumar. "Radon concentration in groundwater of Varahi and Markandeya river basins, Karnataka State, India," Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 285(2):343-351 (May 1, 2010). Stringer, C.E. "Assessment of Groundwater Discharge to Lake Barco Via Radon Tracing," Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertation, Florida State University (March 29, 2004).
  • Page 33 DURRIDGE, the DURRIDGE logo, and the Works with the DURRIDGE logo are trademarks of DURRIDGE Company Inc., registered in the U.S. Note: DURRIDGE frequently updates its product manuals with new information. The latest version of this manual can be downloaded in PDF format from the following location: www.durridge.com/support/product-manuals/...

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