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Related Manuals for GBS Elektronik MCA-527
Summary of Contents for GBS Elektronik MCA-527
- Page 1 MCA-527 Digital Multi-Channel Analyzer User Manual User Manual GBS Elektronik GmbH Tel.: 0049 (0)351 21 70 07 - 0 Bautzner Landstraße 22 Fax: 0049 (0)351 21 70 07 - 21 01454 Großerkmannsdorf E-Mail: kontakt@gbs-elektronik.de Germany Website: www.gbs-elektronik.de...
- Page 2 MCA527 Exclusion of liability The GBS Elektronik GmbH is not liable for errors and does not guarantee the specific utility of the MCA527 software or firmware. In particular, the GBS Elektronik GmbH is not liable for indirect or subsequent damages due to errors of the MCA527 software or firmware.
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Page 3: Table Of Contents
Table of Contents 1 Introduction........................6 1.1 General Introduction into Gamma Spectroscopy............7 2 Hardware..........................8 2.1 Safety Information....................8 2.1.1 Power Source....................8 2.1.2 High Voltage Supply..................8 2.2 General Hardware Description................9 2.2.1 Switching on the Device................10 2.2.2 LED Indicators.....................10 2.2.3 Power Management..................11 2.2.4 Charging the MCA527.................12 2.2.5 Exchanging Batteries..................13 2.2.6... - Page 4 MCA527 3.2.13 Low Frequency Rejection................41 3.2.14 Number of Channels...................43 3.2.15 Threshold....................43 3.2.16 LLD / ULD....................43 3.2.17 MCA527 Setup Examples for Use With Different Detectors.......44 3.3 Gated Measurements...................45 3.4 Measurements with Stabilization................45 3.5 Direct Input Pulse Height Analysis................46 3.6 Measurement Time Presets..................47 3.6.1 Dead Time Calculation................47 3.6.2...
- Page 5 7 Some of the Most Important Photon Energies...............57 8 Technical Data........................58 8.1 MCA527 Hardware Specifications................58 8.1.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings................58 8.1.2 Operational Ratings..................58 8.2 Block Diagram of the MCA527................63 9 Troubleshooting......................64 10 Firmware Update......................67 A MCA527 Algorithm, Formulas..................68 B Further documents......................71...
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Page 6: Introduction
MCA527 1 Introduction The MCA527 is a battery powered high performance 16K multi-channel analyzer / multi-channel scaler module. High voltage supply for detector and preamplifier power supply are integrated as well as an internal coarse amplifier, an analog -digital converter and digital signal processing. -
Page 7: General Introduction Into Gamma Spectroscopy
Introduction 1.1 General Introduction into Gamma Spectroscopy The main application of gamma spectroscopy is to measure the radiation emitted from decaying radionuclides and from this conclude on the type and quantity of isotopes present. In most cases, the gamma radiation is most suitable to distinguish between different radioisotopes. -
Page 8: Hardware
MCA527 2 Hardware 2.1 Safety Information Read all these instructions first! Save these instructions for later use. Do not remove connectors during operation To avoid personal injury or damage of equipment, do not remove the connectors for the high voltage supply, preamplifier supply, and the input connector until the high voltage is shut down and the device is switched off at least for 1 minute. -
Page 9: General Hardware Description
Hardware 2.2 General Hardware Description The MCA527 is an autonomous module. The device has its own battery and provides power supply to radiation detectors. Together with a computer and a detector the MCA527 forms a gamma spectroscopy system. The spectra are collected in the memory of the MCA527 and periodically transferred via a communication interface to the computer. -
Page 10: Switching On The Device
MCA527 2.2.1 Switching on the Device The MCA527 is set into operation by turning on the power switch (Figure 1). After that the power supply checks the battery voltage and if it is higher than 6.8V it supplies the complete device with power. The main processor boots now and the three LED indicators flashes some times alternately for about 3 seconds. -
Page 11: Power Management
Hardware Idle State Normal State Failure State Firmware Update Charging Charging, Battery full positive HV on negative HV on positive HV changes negative HV changes HV Failure t[s] Figure 2: LED Indicator blinking scheme 2.2.3 Power Management The MCA527 works with a built in rechargeable Li-Ion battery, which has no memory effect and is deep discharge and short circuit protected. -
Page 12: Charging The Mca527
MCA527 The remaining battery life time is sufficient to transfer the measured spectrum to a computer. It is recommended, before reading out the MCA527, to connect it to an external power source. In the case that the battery voltage drops below its lowest value, the battery itself switches off. -
Page 13: Exchanging Batteries
Hardware With the MCA527 it is possible to use a cheap wall plug supply in emergency cases. However this is not recommended, as cheap supplies have no locking connector, can make problems with electromagnetic compatibility, there may be supplies with compatible plug but unsuitable voltage, and even unregulated nominal 12V supplies may have idle voltages as high as 20V which may destroy the MCA527. -
Page 14: Connecting Detectors
MCA527 If the host computer offers an USB host controller, communication can be done via the USB interface. Independent of the application program and the host computer hardware the used baud rate is always 3MBaud. This is nearly ten times faster than the highest possible RS232 baud rate. - Page 15 Hardware Figure 3: Typical signal which can be seen at a detector preamplifier output, here from a CZT500 detector. For optimum performance, the rise time should be in the order of 100ns, and decay time constant of 50µs. This is drop to 36.8% of peak value within 50µs or drop to half value within 34.6µs.
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Page 16: Applying High Voltage
MCA527 2.2.8 Applying High Voltage Most gamma detectors require some high voltage (HV) supply. The MCA527 is able to provide this. However, mistakes with the high voltage can seriously damage detectors, therefore some caution is recommended. Before applying HV make sure that detector is properly connected. ●... - Page 17 Hardware High Purity Germanium (HPGe) Detectors A HPGe detector is basically a huge cooled high voltage germanium diode with a big radiation sensitive depletion region. In first order, the output does not depend on HV setting as long as the voltage is above a certain voltage and the detector is fully depleted. Below that value, the resolution degrades, the sensitivity decreases and the signals get smaller.
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Page 18: Exchanging The High Voltage Module
MCA527 Most important when applying HV to a HPGe is that the detector must be cooled down properly and must not become warm while HV is on. As this is a mistake which easily destroys expensive HPGe detectors, most HPGe have a HV inhibit out which becomes active if the detector gets warm. - Page 19 Hardware detector gets warm an the HV must be turned off. The MCA527 is able to interpret this signal for different detectors if it is routed to pin 5 of the D-SUB9 connector. A BNC adapter is available from GBS - Elektronik GmbH.
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Page 20: Extension Port
MCA527 2.2.11 Extension Port The extension port is only available on the MCA527, the MCA527L and the MCA527OEM are not equipped with this functionality. This port extends the possibilities of the MCA enormously. Different external devices, such as GPS receivers or neutron counters, can be attached to the MCA527 by a 9 pin Lemo connector (Table 6). -
Page 21: Connector Pinouts
Hardware 2.2.12 Connector Pinouts Charger Connector The charger connector is a widespread low voltage connector, but allows to lock the plug. The inner diameter is 2.1mm, the outer diameter is 5.5mm. Table 2: Pinout of the Charger Input Connector (Lumberg 161003) Contact Signal Front View... - Page 22 MCA527 Table 3: Pinout of the Preamplifier Power Supply Connector (D-SUB9 female) Contact Signal Front View auxiliary analog input 1 +12V / 60mA max. HV-Inhibit input auxiliary analog input 2 thermistor input for NaI detectors -24V / 60mA max. +24V / 60mA max. 1-wire interface (In / Out) -12V / 60mA max.
- Page 23 Hardware Table 5: Pinout of the RS232 Interface Connector (Lemo EGG.0B.306) Contact Signal Front View not connected not connected not connected RxD (input) TxD (output) Extension Port Connector The extension port is for future extensions, e. g. connecting a GPS receiver. Other applications are integrated on request.
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Page 24: Accessories
MCA527 2.2.13 Accessories The following items are either shipped with the MCA527 or are optional available. Table 7: MCA527 Accessories Item Description Included HV module +3600V for supplying detectors with positive high MCA527 voltage HV module -3600V for supplying detectors with negative high MCA527 voltage HV module +1000V... -
Page 25: Mca527Oem Specific Items
Hardware 2.3 MCA527OEM Specific Items The MCA527OEM is a PCB-only version of the MCA527 which is hardware- and software- compatible to the MCA527 but not identical. It is intended for customers who wants to integrate a MCA into their own devices or systems. Figure 8 shows the board. The size is 134mm x 60mm without USB- and Ethernet connector. - Page 26 MCA527 Table 8: Pinout of the Power Connector (JST B6B-PH-K-S) Contact Signal Top View input voltage (3.3V...9V) 3.3V power supply for real time clock C-interface data line C-interface clock line Table 9: Pinout of the OEM Extension Connector (Male Header 2 x 13, Pitch 1.27mm) Contact Signal Top View...
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Page 27: Pulse Height Spectroscopical Measurements
Pulse Height Spectroscopical Measurements 3 Pulse Height Spectroscopical Measurements 3.1 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing The main task of a multi-channel analyzer is to measure the height of voltage steps. In a conventional analog MCA the voltage step is converted by a Gaussian bandpass filter into a pulse with several microseconds pulse width, a peak detector converts this to a DC voltage, which is then measured with a single conversion of an analog to digital converter (ADC). -
Page 28: Adjustments And Settings
MCA527 over which the values are averaged is often found as rise time. This rise time is in effect comparable to the shaping time of an analog shaping amplifier, and comparable results are achieved if the rise time is twice the shaping time. For compatibility reasons, the MCA527 uses still the term “shaping time”... -
Page 29: Fine Gain
Pulse Height Spectroscopical Measurements 3.2.3 Fine Gain The fine gain is to fine adjust the gain and therefore the energy to channel ratio. This gain is just a mathematical factor used for calculation of the filter. The highest dynamic range (ratio of low energy cutoff to maximum energy in spectrum) and best resolution can be achieved when using a rather high coarse gain and a low (e. -
Page 30: Trigger Level
MCA527 For best pulse pair resolution, the preamplifier signal should be steep, but it should not exhibit any ringing. In case of ringing or overshoot, the trigger filter will trigger multiple times on a single signal and therefore consider this erratically as pile up. A preamplifier ringing or overshoot problem can be suspected if dead time is much higher than expected. -
Page 31: Pile-Up Rejection
Pulse Height Spectroscopical Measurements CZT373cs_02_7.spe Energy [keV] Figure 11: Lower end of a CZT spectrum. The counts left of the valley near 0keV are caused by electronical noise and a too low trigger filter 3.2.6 Pile-up Rejection Pile-up rejection is to prevent the spectroscopical filter to be applied to events too close following each other to be evaluated properly. -
Page 32: Shaping Time
MCA527 100000 -1, 0, 1 Cs137, 11kcps, PUR off 10000 -1, 0, 1 Cs137, 11kcps 1, -2, 1 Cs137, 11kcps 1000 1000 1200 1400 Energy [keV] Figure 12: Effects of PUR setting on spectrum, here a Cs137 spectrum taken with 11kcps. Everything right of the prominent Cs137 peak in the middle of the spectrum is due to pile-up. - Page 33 Pulse Height Spectroscopical Measurements 30,0 28,0 1st measurement 2nd measurement 26,0 MCA166 (for comparison) 24,0 22,0 20,0 18,0 16,0 14,0 12,0 10,0 10,0 Shaping Time [µs] Figure 13: Dependence of resolution on shaping time for a CZT500 detector. Shaping times between 0.5µs and 1µs seem to be optimum. FWHM NaI [%] 10,0 Shaping Time [µs]...
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Page 34: Flat Top Time
MCA527 3.2.8 Flat Top Time Flattop is a parameter introduced with digital multi-channel analyzers. Basically this is adjusted to the rise time of the preamplifier. Reason is that digitizing the amplitude can be done with quite high accuracy, down to 0.01% error. But the input bandwidth (3MHz) is rather high compared to the sample rate (10MHz), and so during the rise of the preamplifier signal, the value may change by 20% within 100ns and a timing jitter in this order may cause a significant error. -
Page 35: Offset
Pulse Height Spectroscopical Measurements FWHM @ 663keV [%] Flattop [µs] Figure 16: Dependence of resolution on flattop setting using a NaI detector. As a NaI detector exhibits slower rise times, a bit longer flattops yield best results. 3.2.9 Offset Offset is normally set automatically. The internal offset DAC can be adjusted such that the input range goes from 0V to +U or from -U to 0V. -
Page 36: Pole Zero And Jitter Compensation
MCA527 Figure 18: Wrong offset setting. The offset setting for negative signals should be at 90% and not at 14% as shown here. So it is not possible to measure high amplitude signals as they are cut off. 3.2.10 Pole Zero and Jitter Compensation The pole zero correction is applied to make sure that a voltage step starting from the base line is evaluated with the same amplitude as signal sitting on the falling slope of a proceeding step. - Page 37 Pulse Height Spectroscopical Measurements be adjusted such that a shift of the spectroscopical filter of 100ns forward or backward will not change the result. This modification is also very close connected to the decay time constant of the preamplifier and therefore there is only one adjustment parameter which adjusts both for pole zero and jitter.
- Page 38 MCA527 Figure 20: Measuring Cs137 with different PZC settings Left: Measured Cs137 peak with correct settings. The calculated ration of FWTM/FWHM is 1.91, which is reasonably close to the 1.82 expected from a gaussian distribution. Right: Spectrum without jitter or PZC compensation. As the jitter error has a rectangle like distribution, the FWTM/FWHM ratio is significantly smaller here and resolution is generally worse.
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Page 39: Baseline Restoring
Pulse Height Spectroscopical Measurements 3.2.11 Baseline Restoring A disadvantage of the conventional approach of pole zero compensation by adding a DC component is that now the result becomes sensitive to DC and low frequency disturbances such as often found HPGe preamplifier offset drift. Furthermore it is desired that an energy of 0keV is found in channel 0 and the spectrum does not have offset. -
Page 40: Jitter Correction
MCA527 3.2.12 Jitter Correction Another approach to care about the timing error problem is to use for exact timing the 1, -2, 1 trigger filter and to interpolate the zero crossing of the second derivate. This should increase the timing accuracy to something like 10ns...20ns. The amplitude is then correspondingly interpolated. -
Page 41: Low Frequency Rejection
Pulse Height Spectroscopical Measurements 3.2.13 Low Frequency Rejection Low frequency rejection is a special triple differentiating spectroscopic filter for use in environments with strong low frequency noise components, e. g. microphonics with a HPGe or higher leakage currents with a CZT. Principally this filter does not only evaluate the voltage step, but also the slope of the baseline before and after the voltage step. - Page 42 MCA527 Figure 25: Effect of Low Frequency Rejection Left: 60keV peak of Am241, measured in a quiet environment. A resolution of 0.49keV FWHM can be obtained. Settings: shaping time 6µs, flattop 0.8µs, BLR32. Right: 60keV peak of Am241, measured in a very noisy environment. Settings same as figure on the left.
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Page 43: Number Of Channels
Pulse Height Spectroscopical Measurements 3.2.14 Number of Channels The number of channels the spectrum is distributed to can be chosen between 128 and 16384 (16k). The useful setting depends mainly on the detector connected. If setting is too low, details of peaks may not be seen, if setting is too high, the statistics for a single channel is bad so the spectrum looks very noisy, and of course storage of the spectra takes more space. -
Page 44: Mca527 Setup Examples For Use With Different Detectors
MCA527 3.2.17 MCA527 Setup Examples for Use With Different Detectors This table shall just give an overview of possible settings useful with the MCA527. It is far from being complete. For actual settings with your detector, see the detectors manual. Table 12: Parameters for different detectors CdZnTe SDP/Z/60... -
Page 45: Gated Measurements
Pulse Height Spectroscopical Measurements 3.3 Gated Measurements The gate input is useful if spectra should only be measured during a certain time or if certain events should be rejected, e. g. if using a Compton shield as for low radiation measurements. -
Page 46: Direct Input Pulse Height Analysis
MCA527 The stabilization area defines the minimum counts in the area of the stabilization peak collected in a stabilization cycle before the fine gain is readjusted. The optimum value depends on the peak FWHM, peak count rate and peak drift rate. If the drift rate is high, then a rather low stabilization area is good to adjust the fine gain frequently. -
Page 47: Measurement Time Presets
Pulse Height Spectroscopical Measurements 3.6 Measurement Time Presets For non-infinite measurements, the MCA527 offers 4 choices to limit the measurement time. Real Time The simplest method. The measurement will take as long a the time given. This is also the choice if doing repeat measurements. -
Page 48: Autonomous Repeat Mode
MCA527 A problem for some tasks however can be that the spectrum has to be transferred to the computer before the next measurement is started. As this takes some time it may not be tolerable to some tasks, especially if measurement time is very short. For that, there exists the firmware repeat mode which allows to start immediately the next measurement while transferring the data of the previous spectrum simultaneously. -
Page 49: Multichannel Scaling (Mcs)
Multichannel Scaling (MCS) 4 Multichannel Scaling (MCS) This mode is for semi-automated measurements of time distributions with any radiation detector (HPGe, NaI, CdTe, CdZnTe and neutron counters). The software used for this is WinMCS. It allows to measure a time distribution of count rates, and in case of a spectroscopical detector, measurement of an integral spectrum at the same time. -
Page 50: Other And Auxiliary Measurements
MCA527 5 Other and Auxiliary Measurements 5.1 Oscilloscope Mode Oscilloscope mode is in WinSPEC-A a sub-menu of the amplifier settings menu. Its main purpose is troubleshooting; so without the necessity of an extra oscilloscope it can easily be seen, if there is a preamplifier signal present, and if it fits correctly to the MCA signal input. -
Page 51: Internal Temperature
Other and Auxiliary Measurements 5.2.2 Internal Temperature The MCA527 has an on board temperature sensor to log the operation temperature of the MCA. Main purpose of this is troubleshooting and quality control in case of remote measurements. This internal temperature is shown in the diagnostics menu and it is written in saved spectrum files. -
Page 52: Software
MCA527 6 Software 6.1 Overview At the moment, only WinSPEC 2.0 and WinMCS 2.0 fully support the features which the MCA527 offers. However, all old Windows and DOS software for MCA166 can still be used with the MCA527 but not all features are available. Furthermore, there are programs and software components to view and evaluate the measured data. -
Page 53: Windows And Dos Software For Mca166 Operating With Mca527
Software 6.4 Windows and DOS software for MCA166 operating with MCA527 Numerous programs were developed to operate the MCA166. All of them serve a special purpose. There are programs for MS-DOS and Windows (32 Bit). The MS-DOS software was originally developed for the HP200LX, whose footprint was coincident with the footprint of the MCA166. -
Page 54: Uf6 (Ms-Dos), Winuf6
MCA527 6.4.4 UF6 (MS-DOS), WinUF6 Similar to U235 or WinU235, but optimized for HPGe detectors. Only one intensity calibration measurement is necessary. 6.4.5 LENG This program supports semi-automated active length measurement (HM-4) using a miniature NaI or CdZnTe detector. 6.4.6 RATE This program supports measurements of count rates with any radiation detector (HPGe, NaI, CdTe, CdZnTe and neutron counters). -
Page 55: Mcaplot And Mcaprint
Software supports 1 to 3 point energy calibration ● linear, logarithmic, square root, and double log representation possible ● error estimations/confidence assessment for identified isotopes and visualization ● (by overlay of calculated spectrum for a certain isotope) switching between English and German languages ●... -
Page 56: Miscellaneous
MCA527 Table 14: Supported file formats by MCAWAND Source Target *.spe (MCA166 native) *.spe (MCA166 native) *.chn (Ortec) *.chn (Ortec) *.spe (Interwinner) *.spe (Interwinner) *.spc (Target) *.dat *.dat (2 column: energy, channel content) *.de1 (Canberra S100) *.dat (Silena Gamma 2000) *.spk (Röntgenanalytik) *.spa (Sarad) *.usf (URSA) -
Page 57: Some Of The Most Important Photon Energies
Some of the Most Important Photon Energies 7 Some of the Most Important Photon Energies Table 15: Photon energies for different isotopes Isotope Half-life Energy (keV) Branching ratio (%) Am241 432.2y 26.34/59.54 2.4/36 Cd109 462.6d 88.03 3.63 Bi214 19.9min, 609.31 46.09 daughter of Ra226... -
Page 58: Technical Data
MCA527 8 Technical Data 8.1 MCA527 Hardware Specifications 8.1.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Exceeding anything mentioned here may damage the device! Signal Input Voltage......................±20V Gate Input Voltage.....................-0.5V to 6.5V Charger Input voltage.....................±20V High Voltage Output Short-Circuit Duration............Continuous Preamplifier Power Supply Short-Circuit Duration..........Continuous Auxiliary Analog Input Voltage / HV inhibit (D-SUB9 Pin 5)...........±30V Auxiliary Analog Input Voltage (D-SUB9 Pin 3)..............±30V Voltage at 1-wire Interface (D-SUB9 Pin 8)............-0.5V to 6.0V... - Page 59 Technical Data Parameter MCA527 MCA527L MCA527OEM Sample Rate 10MSps Resolution 14bit Integral Non-Linearity ≤0.05% Temperature Stability TK50 Digital Signal Processing Trigger Filter single and double differential trigger filters are selectable Pile-Up Suppression Pulse Pair Resolution ~400ns, depending on trigger filter Trigger Threshold Adjustment automated (default) and manual Shaping Time...
- Page 60 MCA527 Parameter MCA527 MCA527L MCA527OEM Spectroscopic Performance Resolution (FWHM) for typical ≤510eV at 1µs shaping time (Am241 source at 59keV) 500mm planar HPGe detector ≤460eV at 2µs shaping time (Am241 source at 59keV) (count rate ≤10.000cps) Usable Spectral Range 0.13% to 100% (e. g. 3keV to 2300keV) with optimized system Throughput in Memory ≥75kcps at 140kcps input rate and 0.5µs shaping time...
- Page 61 Technical Data Parameter MCA527 MCA527L MCA527OEM Extension Port Output Voltage 5V ±5% not available not available Output Current ≥100mA, short circuit proof Data Rate RS232 ≤1MBaud Data Rate RS232 ≤3MBaud extTTL Digital Output Current ±24mA / TxD , O2 extTTL Digital Output Voltage 0V to 3.4V / TxD...
- Page 62 MCA527 Parameter MCA527 MCA527L MCA527OEM Mechanical Dimension 164x111x45 mm 136x60x18 mm Weight 840g 720g Environmental Operational Temperature 0°C to 50°C with batteries -20°C to 50°C Range -20°C to 50°C with stationary power supply Humidity ≤90%, non-condensing Protection Class IP42 IP00 1 All outputs are continuously short circuit proof.
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Page 63: Block Diagram Of The Mca527
Technical Data 8.2 Block Diagram of the MCA527 Figure 27: MCA527 Block Diagram... -
Page 64: Troubleshooting
MCA527 9 Troubleshooting General Remark: Before changing anything concerning the hardware, plugging or pulling cables etc. shut down the high voltage and switch off the MCA. Soldering or manipulating with the SMD boards is strongly not recommended for users. We have specialists for that. If you have a problem which cannot be solved by the table below, contact us. - Page 65 Troubleshooting 5. The threshold of the spectrum seems to be much higher than expected. If the lower cutoff rises by itself, this is most probable caused by the auto ● threshold circuit which is responsible for detecting the noise level and adjusting the threshold to it.
- Page 66 MCA527 11. Bad resolution in a HPGe spectrum or from a test generator, specially at high amplification factors Check electrical noise and EMC compatibility of surroundings. Some laptops ● and also some switch mode power supply battery chargers may disturb. Remove all connections from the MCA to ground or to mains voltages.
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Page 67: Firmware Update
Firmware Update 10 Firmware Update GBS Elektronik maintains the firmware of the MCA527 continually. We improve the performance, add new features and fix bugs that have been known. In order that all MCA527 users can participate in the improvements, we provide the newest releases of the firmware on our download page in the internet. -
Page 68: Amca527 Algorithm, Formulas
MCA527 MCA527 Algorithm, Formulas This appendix lists the algorithms used by the MCA for the following functions: Area, Area uncertainty ● Centroid ● FWHM ● Smooth ● Strip ● Energy Calibration ● The Area and the Area Uncertainty Function: The area algorithm calculates the number of counts above the background in a ROI. The background area is determined by averaging 4 points on both sides of the peak (the ROI limit points and 3 outer points) and linear fit: Area= Integral−... - Page 69 MCA527 Algorithm, Formulas Centroid: The peak centroid is the sum of the channel contents times the channel number divided by the sum of the channel contents in the range of the channels above the half maximum: ∑ i⋅Spectrum Centroid = ∑...
- Page 70 MCA527 Strip: Strip subtracts a specified fraction of the spectrum. The Strip factor can be “positive“ or “negative“ : =Spectrum − F∗Spectrum Spectrum where Spectrum = Count content of channel i in the resulting spectrum Spectrum = Count content of channel i in the original spectrum Spectrum = Count content of channel i in the spectrum to be subtracted = Strip factor...
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Page 71: B Further Documents
Further documents Further documents The further documents are not intended for ordinary users but for developers and users which need more information about the MCA527. The further documents do not exclusively refer to the MCA527. MCA Spectral Data Format ● MCA_Spectral_Data_Format_XXXX_XX_XX.pdf Description of the MCA527 Firmware Commands ●...
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