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Related Manuals for RF Innovations Crescendo
Summary of Contents for RF Innovations Crescendo
- Page 1 CRESCENDO UHF HALF-DUPLEX USER MANUAL...
- Page 2 DISCLAIMER © 2013 RF Innovations Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. RF Innovations reserves the right to make improvements on the product in this manual at any time without notice. No part of this manual may be produced, copied, translated, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of RF Innovations.
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Page 3: Table Of Contents
5.4.1 Network Topology ..............................26 5.4.2 Network Address ............................... 27 5.4.3 Store-and-forward Repeater ............................28 Routing ....................................29 5.5.1 Network Structure ..............................29 5.5.2 Routing Table ................................30 Diagnostics ..................................31 Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 3 of 78... - Page 4 DNP Network with Repeater ............................. 54 Datagram Networks ................................55 7.5.1 Basic Datagram Network ............................55 Appendix A Technical Specifications ............................. 56 Type Approvals ................................56 Radio Modem Specifications ............................56 Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 4 of 78...
- Page 5 Connection Management Commands ..........................68 I-Registers ..................................68 S-Registers ..................................69 R-Registers ..................................72 Appendix D Factory Defaults ..............................73 Appendix E Product Identification Table ..........................75 Appendix F Glossary ................................76 Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 5 of 78...
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Page 6: Introduction
1. Introduction Crescendo is a series of data-driven and packet-driven radio modems for high-speed data applications. This manual is specific to Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex. Some of the relevant features of this model include: UHF band operation (390 MHz - 500 MHz), with approximately 20 MHz switching bandwidth (model specific). -
Page 7: Installation
Long serial cables should also be avoided in areas with frequent lightning activity or static electricity build- up. Nearby lightning strikes or high levels of static electricity may lead to interface failure. RF Innovations supplies a range of external data interface converters for applications requiring long cable runs. -
Page 8: Safety And Compliance
Canada’s Safety Code 6 provides a comprehensive set of guidelines. 2.3.2 Modifications CAUTION: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by RF Innovations may void the user’s authority to operate the equipment legally, as well as any warranty provided. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual... -
Page 9: Configuration
Configuration 3. Configuration Overview The Crescendo provides five user interfaces that allow the radio to be configured and its performance to be monitored: Cruise Control management interface: All radio configuration and diagnostics parameters can be accessed using the Windows-based Cruise Control Graphical User Interface (GUI). -
Page 10: Cruise Control
3.2.2 Connecting to a Local Device In order to connect to a local device, connect the auxiliary port of the Crescendo to a serial port on the PC running Cruise Control. Configure Cruise Control with the appropriate serial port settings (19200 8N1 by default). -
Page 11: Saving And Loading Configurations
Cruise Control is pressed, or the radio is reset. The main port of the Crescendo is typically used for data, but may also be used for Cruise Control if it is configured in Hayes protocol. Device -> Connect to Remote... -
Page 12: Hayes At Command Interface
<[I1, I2, … In]> is an optional section that allows the specification of an index. Indexes are used to access one of an array of similar items. For example, the Crescendo radio has two serial ATS52[0]=1004 ports which can both have different configurations. The command... -
Page 13: Front Panel Interface
Front Panel Interface The front panel interface allows for real-time monitoring of radio parameters without external equipment. The front panel can also be used to enable the menu on the Crescendo’s auxiliary port regardless of the current serial port configuration. -
Page 14: Rssi, Tx Power, Temperature Status (Mode 2, 3, 4)
3.5.3 Main Serial Port Status (Mode 5) Description (1) DCD Green when the DCD output is low, red when it is high. (2) DTR Green when the DTR input is low, red when it is high. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 14 of 78... - Page 15 Configuration (3) Tx Serial Data Flashes green when serial data is transmitted from the Crescendo on either serial port. (4) Rx Serial Data Flashes green when serial data is received by the Crescendo on either serial port. Flashes red when a receive error occurs on either serial port.
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Page 16: Serial Port Operation
Serial Port Operation 4. Serial Port Operation Overview The Crescendo radio has two DCE RS-232 serial ports with DB9 connectors. The serial port pin outs can be found in Appendix A.3 on page 58. The main port supports: TX, RX, and GND. -
Page 17: Configuration
100 and 65535ms. The control line also stays high while a connection is established with a remote radio. DTR is used to control Hayes dial-up connections (see section 6.5.5 on page 38) Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 17 of 78... -
Page 18: Packetiser Timers
0 and 10000ms. The RX packetiser timer is used to detect the end of each packet. The Crescendo will only begin transmitting data once the end of the packet has been detected. The suggested RX packetiser timer values for each serial baud rate when using the radio in packet driven mode is given in Table 7. -
Page 19: Statistics
The total number of overflows that have occurred. An overflow occurs when the radio attempts to insert data into the transmit buffer internally, and the buffer is full. Table 9: Serial port statistics Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 19 of 78... - Page 20 Serial Port Operation These statistics can be used to isolate a number of potential problems in a Crescendo system. A large number of Rx framing errors indicates that the radio serial port configuration (baud, data bits, parity, and stop bits) does not match the serial port configuration of the DTE.
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Page 21: Radio Operation
Data-Driven Mode In data-driven mode many of the features that are available in the Crescendo are not utilised in order to provide a serial transfer with minimum delay. In particular data driven mode does not utilise: ... -
Page 22: Data Path
Combining this with the serial port interface described in section 4 on page 16, an overall picture of the data path in the Crescendo radio can be obtained, shown in Figure 4. -
Page 23: Radio Parameters
For systems that require low latency, the Crescendo has a data driven protocol which reduces many of the delays mention above. Radio Parameters Main -> Radio 5.3.1 Addressing Each radio in a Crescendo network has a unique 16-bit address. The address space is divided into sections as shown in Table 10. Address Range Usage Reserved. -
Page 24: Tx Power
Radio Operation Main -> Radio 5.3.2 Tx Power The transmit power of the Crescendo can be configured to transmit at fixed levels into a 50 load: 0dBm (1 mW) +20dBm (100 mW) +27dBm (500 mW) +30dBm (1W) ... -
Page 25: Retries
Instead, a broadcasting unit will transmit all data a fixed number of times equal to the broadcast retransmissions parameter, and receiving units will discard any duplicate data received. Two parameters determine how long the Crescendo will wait for an acknowledgement after transmission before retrying. These parameters are: Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual... -
Page 26: Network Architecture
An example of a tree network topology is given below to help illustrate network concepts. TREE NETWORK A Crescendo network consists of a set of sub-networks (subnets). Each subnet has a single base or repeater and any number of remotes. -
Page 27: Network Address
Figure 6 shows an example of two co-located networks. In this example all units that are a part of network A should have the same network address, and all units in network B should share a different network address. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 27 of 78... -
Page 28: Store-And-Forward Repeater
5.4.3 Store-and-forward Repeater A Crescendo unit may be configured to operate as a store-and-forward repeater (see Appendix B.1). A store- and-forward repeater can be used to extend the range of a network. It behaves as a combination of base and remote unit in the following manner: ... -
Page 29: Routing
Main -> Radio -> Network 5.5.1 Network Structure A typical Crescendo network has a base and store-and-forward repeaters forming a backbone, with a set of remotes hanging off the base and each repeater. In order for a packet to reach its destination, routing tables need to be configured on the units. -
Page 30: Routing Table
Main -> Radio -> Network -> Routing Table 5.5.2 Routing Table Complete control can be maintained over the routing of data through a Crescendo network by configuring the routing table. The routing table consists of 16 entries on each unit which specify rules to apply for data with destination addresses within a particular range. -
Page 31: Diagnostics
Main -> Diagnostics 5.6.4 PRBS Generator When the PRBS generator is enabled, the Crescendo continually transmits a PN-9 sequence over the RF interface. This diagnostic feature can be used in conjunction with the Monitor RSSI feature to diagnose possible RF propagation issues in a radio network. - Page 32 Bad Trigger The total number of times an RSSI trip is detected and a frame sync patter match cannot be found. Table 14: Data driven MAC statistics Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 32 of 78...
- Page 33 The number of times a Tx or Rx packet has been discarded due to a baseband error. Bad Trigger The number of times receiving of a packet has been stopped due to a bad trigger being detected. Table 15: Packet driven MAC statistics Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 33 of 78...
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Page 34: Protocol Operation
Allow the Crescendo radio to determine how data received on its serial ports is to be converted into RF packets. In addition to the protocol modes, each serial port can be configured with a packetiser timer, to maintain compatibility with protocols which cannot handle the inter-character delays introduced by the Crescendo block allocation scheme. -
Page 35: Point-To-Point Protocol
Data transmitted by a unit in point-to-point mode will be output on the destination, regardless of its point-to-point destination address, as long as it is in point-to-point or point-to-multipoint mode. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 35 of 78... -
Page 36: Local Mode
If the radio receives a character on the serial port while dialling is in progress, it will immediately terminate NO CARRIER the connection attempt and issue a response message. CONNECT If a connection is established then the response message will be returned. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 36 of 78... -
Page 37: Answering
Protocol Operation 6.5.2 Answering The Crescendo provides two options for answering dial-up calls: Auto-answer: In auto-answer mode, when a connection request is made the Crescendo will output a RING configurable number of responses on the destination, then automatically connect. ... -
Page 38: Dtr Modes
0 BP, 0 RT) 2000 -> (1001, -60 dBm, 0 BH, 0 BP, 0 RT) Tx: 4, Rx: 4, Lost: 0 (0.0%) Min: 660 ms, Max: 726 ms, Avg: 708 ms Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 38 of 78... -
Page 39: Modbus Rtu Protocol
Protocol Operation Modbus RTU Protocol Main -> Protocol -> Modbus When using the Modbus RTU protocol, the Crescendo expects Modbus RTU packets on the serial port in the following format. Start Address Function Data T1-T2-T3-T4 (1 byte) (1 byte) (0…251 bytes) -
Page 40: Distributed Network Protocol (Dnp)
The CRC uses the polynomial 0xA6BC. Datagram Protocol Main -> Protocol -> Datagram When using the datagram protocol, packets are passed to the Crescendo to be transmitted over the air. The packet format is given in Figure 10. Start Length... -
Page 41: Rf Link Status
Main -> Protocol The Crescendo provides an RF link status indication for each serial port. The RF link status depends on the protocol mode being used and the current state of that protocol. The meaning of different RF link status values is provided in Table 17 for each protocol mode. -
Page 42: Protocol To Radio Address Mapping
For a grouped entry, the packet is sent to the associated radio address if the protocol address is within the range of the first and last address. This is a “many-to-one” mapping. An example protocol mapping table is shown in Figure 12. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 42 of 78... -
Page 43: Multiple Protocol Modes
6.11 Multiple Protocol Modes The Crescendo is a dual serial port radio modem, and both ports can be independently configured with different protocol modes. Using both ports for data may result in increased latency, owing to greater bandwidth requirements and increased probability of collision. -
Page 44: Applications
Applications 7. Applications This section presents typical Crescendo usage scenarios. The aim of these scenarios is to illustrate radio configuration. Point-to-point Networks 7.1.1 Basic Point-to-point Network A basic point-to-point network consists of two units configured such that the point-to-point destination of one unit is the address of the other. -
Page 45: Multiple Port Point-To-Point Network
Other configuration parameters which may help in fine tuning the system operation are: Rx packetiser timers. See page 18 for more information. Max packet size. See section 5.3.5 for more information. Singlecast retries. See page 25 for more information. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 45 of 78... -
Page 46: Multiple Destination Point-To-Point Network
Other configuration parameters which may help in fine tuning the system operation are: Rx packetiser timers. See page 18 for more information. Max packet size. See section 5.3.5 for more information. Singlecast retries. See page 25 for more information. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 46 of 78... -
Page 47: Point-To-Point Network With Repeater
Other configuration parameters which may help in fine tuning the system operation are: Rx packetiser timers. See page 18 for more information. Max packet size. See section 5.3.5 for more information. Singlecast retries. See page 25 for more information. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 47 of 78... -
Page 48: Point-To-Multipoint Networks
Other configuration parameters which may help in fine tuning the system operation are: Rx packetiser timers. See page 18 for more information. Max packet size. See section 5.3.5 for more information. Broadcast retransmissions. See page 25 for more information. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 48 of 78... -
Page 49: Point-To-Multipoint Network With Roaming Remote
Repeaters in network specifies the maximum number of repeaters a packet must go through to reach a destination. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 49 of 78... -
Page 50: Hayes Dial-Up Networks
To establish a connection to the auxiliary port of remote 1002, the following dial string is used: ATD100201 <CR> Information on hanging up a Hayes dial-up connection can be found in section 6.5.4 on page 37. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 50 of 78... -
Page 51: Hayes Dial-Up Network With Repeaters
The following dial string is used to dial the second main port on the second store-and-forward repeater: ATD300000<CR> To dial the main port on the remote, the following dial string is used: ATD300100<CR> Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 51 of 78... -
Page 52: Modbus/Dnp Networks
In order to support the ModBus protocol, an RX packetiser timer of 2 ms has been used on the main port of each unit (see section 4.3.2 on page 18 for more information on packetiser timers). Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 52 of 78... -
Page 53: Modbus With Modbus Query Enabled
PLC 122 Grouped,1,247,10 Grouped,1,247,10 Main Port Mode: Modbus RTU Main Port Mode: Modbus RTU Figure 22: Modbus with Modbus query enabled See page 39 for more information on Modbus query support. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 53 of 78... -
Page 54: Dnp Network With Repeater
Note that no protocol mapping has been utilised. It is therefore assumed that the mapping from protocol address to radio address is one-to-one, and the protocol address is the same as the radio address. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 54 of 78... -
Page 55: Datagram Networks
In this network, datagrams presented to the main port of the base with the destination address set to 1001 will be routed to remote 1, while those with destination address 1002 will be routed to remote 2. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 55 of 78... -
Page 56: Appendix A Technical Specifications
Data Rates: 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200 Data Bits: 7 or 8 Parity: None, Odd, or Even Stop Bits: 1 or 2 Flow Control (Main Port only): None, Hardware (RTS/CTS) Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 56 of 78... -
Page 57: Input Current
RF: BNC Female (50 ohm nominal) Table 19: Radio modem specifications A.2.1 Input Current Tx Power (dBm) Current (mA) Rx Only 1490 1700 Table 20: Nominal input current at 450 MHz, 100% Duty Cycle Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 57 of 78... -
Page 58: Connector Pin Assignment
A.3.1 Main Serial Port Function Direction Output Output Input Input Input Output Table 21: Main connector pin assignment A.3.2 Auxiliary Serial Port Function Direction Output Input Table 22: Auxiliary connector pin assignment Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 58 of 78... -
Page 59: I/O Module
Appendix A Technical Specifications A.3.3 I/O Module Function Direction Input 1 Input Input 2 Input Input 3 Input Input 4 Input Table 23: I/O module pin assignment Figure 25: I/O module pin numbering Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 59 of 78... - Page 60 Appendix A Technical Specifications Length 188 mm Width 101.6 mm Height 45.4 mm Table 24: Dimensions Unit Weight 700 g Shipping Weight 850 g Table 25: Nominal weight Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 60 of 78...
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Page 61: Mounting Plate Dimensions
Appendix A Technical Specifications A.3.4 Mounting Plate Dimensions Figure 26: Mounting plate dimensions Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 61 of 78... -
Page 62: Appendix B Management Reference
Allows routing rules to be configured S152:lastaddr S153:hopaddr Channel Tx Range Shows the range of allowable Tx frequencies. Rx Range Shows the range of allowable Rx frequencies. Channel Width Shows the channel width of the radio. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 62 of 78... - Page 63 I/O Selects Channel Determines whether active channel can be selected by digital inputs. Channel Tx Frequency Transmit frequency for a channel. Channel Rx Frequency Receiving frequency for a channel. Table 26: Radio configuration Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 63 of 78...
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Page 64: Link Control Configuration And Diagnostics
The serial port stop bits. Rx Packetiser Timer The receive packetiser timer. Tx Packetiser Timer The transmit packetiser timer. Statistics The serial port statistics. Table 28: Serial port configuration and diagnostics Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 64 of 78... -
Page 65: Protocol Mode Configuration And Diagnostics
Enables usage of the escape sequence while in Allow Local Mode other protocol modes (excludes data driven). Datagram Protocol S140 Footer Mode CRC-32 or fixed. Table 29: Protocol mode configuration and diagnostics Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 65 of 78... -
Page 66: Diagnostics
Reset Packet Driven Statistics Clears all Packet Driven MAC statistics &C1 Reset Baseband Statistics Clears all baseband statistics. Event Log Level The logging level. Clear Event Log Clears the event log Table 30: Diagnostics Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 66 of 78... -
Page 67: Appendix C Hayes Reference
1: Store and forward repeater enabled AT&L0 Disable store-and-forward repeater. AT&L1 Enable store-and-forward repeater. AT&T7 Soft Reset Reboot the radio. AT&T8 Watchdog Reset Trigger watchdog and cause a fault to be logged. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 67 of 78... -
Page 68: Connection Management Commands
C.3 I-Registers Command Name Notes ATI5 Manufacture Date ATI6 Serial Number ATI9 Temperature ATI11 Average RSSI ATI15 Fault ATI16[0] RF Link Status Returns the RF link status for the main port. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 68 of 78... -
Page 69: S-Registers
Tx Packetiser Timer ATS40 Rx Packetiser Timer ATS41 Singlecast Retries ATS45 Transmit Power 0: 0 dBm 1: +20 dBm 2: +27 dBm 3: +30 dBm 4: +36 dBm 5: +37 dBm Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 69 of 78... - Page 70 Note that this command cannot have a port specifier. 0: Always High 1: Always Low 2: Mirrors DTR 3: Mirrors RTS 4: Follows Rx Carrier 5: Follows Tx Enable 6: Follows Online Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 70 of 78...
- Page 71 1: Even 2: Odd ATS102 Data Bits 0: 7 1: 8 ATS103 Stop Bits 0: 1 1: 2 ATS104 Main Port Flow Control Note that this command cannot have a port specifier. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 71 of 78...
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Page 72: R-Registers
Max RF Packet Size ATS180 I/O Selects Channel 0: Disabled 1: Enabled Table 34: Hayes S-register commands C.5 R-Registers Command Name Notes ATR9 Firmware Build Date ATR10 EEPROM Status Table 35: Hayes R-register commands Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 72 of 78... -
Page 73: Appendix D Factory Defaults
Data Bits Serial Ports Parity None Stop Bits Rx Packetiser Timer 0 ms Tx Packetiser Timer 0 ms Protocol Mapping <empty> Main: Data Driven Protocol Mode Aux: Hayes Dial-up Point-to-point destination Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 73 of 78... - Page 74 Ignore Hayes Dial-up Echo Response Verbal Responses Escape Guard Time 1000 ms Escape Guard Character Lead-in Count Data Driven Data Timeout 2 ms Event Log Level Information Table 36: Factory defaults Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 74 of 78...
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Page 75: Appendix E Product Identification Table
460 – 480 MHz Table 37: Crescendo product identification table For example, the product code for a Crescendo UHF, Half Duplex, Wideband, 19200 bps, Data Driven Radio with 400 MHz - 420 MHz bandwidth is RFI-450 HWHDD03. Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual... -
Page 76: Appendix F Glossary
Data Terminal Equipment (computer device) Data Terminal Ready Radio Frequency RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator Request To Send Receive Transmit Ultra High Frequency Very High Frequency Frame Error Rate Table 38: Glossary Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 76 of 78... - Page 77 Temperature ..............64 Management Reference Tx Packetiser Timer ............64 Address ................62 Tx Power ............... 62 Auto-Answer ..............65 Tx Range ............... 62 Average Noise ............... 64 Verbal Responses ............65 Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 77 of 78...
- Page 78 Product Identification Table ..........75 Transmit Power ..............24 Tx Packetiser Timer ............18 Radio Statistics ............. 31, 32 Tx Power ................14 Radio Status LEDs ............. 13 Relaxed Addressing............35 Crescendo UHF Half-Duplex User Manual Page 78 of 78...
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