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iNO LRMS Safety Manual

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Guidelines for the Safe Use of the LRMS,
LRIS, and LCMS Laser Products
(Rev. 3)
February 2012
INO
2740, Einstein Street
Quebec (Quebec)
Canada, G1P 4S4
Tel.: (418) 657-7006
Fax.: (418) 657-7009
www.ino.ca
Copyright © 2010 by INO. All rights reserved.
Reproduction in whole or part in any way without
written permission from INO is strictly prohibited.

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  • Page 1 Guidelines for the Safe Use of the LRMS, LRIS, and LCMS Laser Products (Rev. 3) February 2012 2740, Einstein Street Quebec (Quebec) Canada, G1P 4S4 Tel.: (418) 657-7006 Fax.: (418) 657-7009 www.ino.ca Copyright © 2010 by INO. All rights reserved.

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    Case #3: Operation of the laser equipments when the inspection vehicle is at rest (indoor and outdoor settings) ............................30 4.4.1 Recommended administrative/procedural control measures and safety precautions ..30 4.4.2 Recommended personal protective equipment ..............34 LRMS, LRIS, and LCMS Laser Safety Manual (Rev. 2)

  • Page 3: List Of Figures

    Figure 3: Illustration of the typical setup of the LRMS installed in an inspection vehicle......19 Figure 4: Schematic front view of a LRMS laser profiler showing the geometry of the laser beam for its propagation path from the output window down to the road pavement. The drawing is not to scale and the inspection vehicle is not shown.

  • Page 4: List Of Tables

    Table 2: Summary of the results of a risk assessment of the potential laser hazards that could occur for the three dominant use cases involving the use of the LRMS, LRIS and LCMS equipments.... 28 LRMS, LRIS, and LCMS Laser Safety Manual (Rev. 2)

  • Page 5: Introduction

    LSO that will have the responsibility to enforce adequate laser safety practices and to set up the appropriate control measures for the safe use of either of the LRMS, LRIS or LCMS laser equipments owned and/or used by its organization. The LSO may rely on the content of the present manual, particularly in the absence of national or local laser safety regulations.

  • Page 6: Acronyms And Symbols Used In This Manual

    The exposure to laser radiation emitted from Class 3B laser equipments such as the LRMS, LRIS, and LCMS can be hazardous to the eyes, particularly if the exposure duration exceeds a few seconds while the viewer’s eyes are at close proximity of the aperture from which the laser radiation is emitted (worst- case viewing scenario).

  • Page 7: References

    Section 1.3, the reference documents take precedence. Important Notice This laser safety manual addresses hazards associated only to laser radiation emitted from the LRMS, LRIS, and LCMS Class 3B laser equipments manufactured by INO. Other types of health hazards may occur when using these laser equipments, and the reader is then invited to review the page entitled GENERAL SAFETY WARNING in the installation manuals of the LRMS and LCMS equipments.
  • Page 8 LSO. INO expressly disclaims liability for any injury to a person or damages of any nature resulting from the use of or reliance on the content of this manual. In addition, INO makes no guarantee as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this manual.

  • Page 9: Emission Characteristics Of The Laser Equipments

    (shortest dimension) of about 7 mm at the output window while its length (longest dimension) is in the range of 4 cm (LRIS) to about 7 cm (LRMS and LCMS). The laser line spreads rapidly along its length as it propagates away from the output window, so that it gets more and more elongated.

  • Page 10: General Considerations About The Laser Safety Issues

    400 nm to about 1400 nm without significant attenuation, defining the so-called Retinal Hazard Region, as illustrated in Figure 1. Moreover, the risk of damages to the retina increases dramatically due LRMS, LRIS, and LCMS Laser Safety Manual (Rev. 2)

  • Page 11: Maximum Permissible Exposure (Mpe)

    2.2.3 Nominal Hazard Ocular Area (NOHA) The fact that the LRMS, LRIS and LCMS equipments are Class 3B laser products means that the laser lines projected from these systems have optical irradiance levels that largely exceed the applicable MPE within a certain zone around their output window. The three-dimensional region of space wherein the local irradiance (or radiant exposure) levels exceed the applicable MPE is denoted as the Nominal Hazard Zone (NHZ) in Ref.

  • Page 12: Typical Viewing Scenarios And Related Laser Hazards

    However, this could happen only when the laser beam has a very small diameter or is focused, which is not the case for any of the LRMS, LRIS, or LCMS laser equipment.

  • Page 13: Figure 2: Schematic Illustration Of Four Representative Viewing Scenarios Labeled From A To D, With The

    B in the figure. For both scenarios A and B, the severity of the potential ocular injuries increases as the laser exposure lasts longer and as the observer’s eyes get closer to the output window from which the laser radiation is emitted. LRMS, LRIS, and LCMS Laser Safety Manual (Rev. 2)
  • Page 14 Note that some peculiar features of the laser radiation emitted from the LRMS, LRIS, and LCMS laser equipments help in reducing the risks of ocular hazards. For instance: The projected laser lines spread with a divergence angle in the order of 50° along the direction •...

  • Page 15: Emission Characteristics And Laser Safety Parameters Of Each Laser Equipment

    Table 1 below. The numbers printed in superscript refer to informative notes appended to the table. Unless otherwise stated, the data reported in the table holds for a single laser profiler/sensor unit. LRMS, LRIS, and LCMS Laser Safety Manual (Rev. 2)
  • Page 16 Skin exposure to the laser beam Safe Safe beyond 35 cm Safe beyond 17 cm Table 1: Summary of the key emission characteristics and laser safety parameters of the LRMS, LRIS, and LCMS products. LRMS, LRIS, and LCMS Laser Safety Manual (Rev. 2)
  • Page 17 Table 2 and in Par. 8.2.2 of Ref. [3]. The determination of the MPE applicable to each laser profiler unit of the LRMS made use of the extended source condition, leading to the introduction of a multiplicative correction factor C having a value of 4.

  • Page 18: Detailed Specification Of The Nominal Ocular Hazard Areas

    Figure 3 below. The zones depicted in light blue color in the figure indicate the field of view of the camera enclosed in the upper part of the laser profiler units. During operation of the LRMS, invisible laser radiation is emitted from the laser line projector enclosed in each laser profiler unit. The laser radiation is depicted in light red color in Figure 3.

  • Page 19: Figure 3: Illustration Of The Typical Setup Of The Lrms Installed In An Inspection Vehicle

    The schematic front view and side view illustrated in Figure 4 and Figure 5, respectively, detail the shape and dimensions of the NOHA defined for each laser profiler unit of the LRMS. The NOHA corresponds to the zone depicted in red color. Note that the inspection vehicle is not shown in these figures. The length of the projected laser line expands progressively with the distance to reach a value of about 2.33 m when...

  • Page 20: Figure 4: Schematic Front View Of A Lrms Laser Profiler Showing The Geometry Of The Laser Beam For Its

    = 2.3 m ∼2.33 m Figure 4: Schematic front view of a LRMS laser profiler showing the geometry of the laser beam for its propagation path from the output window down to the road pavement. The drawing is not to scale and the inspection vehicle is not shown.
  • Page 21 ∼21° 2.2 m Figure 5: Schematic side view of a LRMS laser profiler showing the geometry of the laser beam for its propagation path from the output window down to the road pavement. The drawing is not to scale. The inspection vehicle is not shown.

  • Page 22: Noha For The Lris

    Recommended laser controlled area Figure 6: Illustration of the laser controlled area as recommended for a LRMS installed in an inspection vehicle. The drawing is not to scale. NOHA for the LRIS As shown in the typical setup configuration illustrated in Figure 7 below, the LRIS includes two identical laser sensor units attached to a horizontal alignment beam mounted on the rooftop of an inspection vehicle or trailer.
  • Page 23 Figure 7. The vertical dimension of the laser controlled area should cover the full vertical distance from the laser sensor unit down to the ground. LRMS, LRIS, and LCMS Laser Safety Manual (Rev. 2)

  • Page 24: Noha For The Lcms

    During operation of the LCMS, the laser radiation escaping from a sensor unit propagates towards the road pavement, with its propagation axis (laser beam centerline) being nearly vertical, as LRMS, LRIS, and LCMS Laser Safety Manual (Rev. 2)
  • Page 25 4 m long. As a result, we recommend setting up a laser controlled area having a minimum footprint of about 5.0 m LRMS, LRIS, and LCMS Laser Safety Manual (Rev. 2)
  • Page 26 The geometry of the laser beam during its propagation path from the output window of a laser sensor down to the road pavement is illustrated. The drawing is not to scale and the inspection vehicle is not shown. LRMS, LRIS, and LCMS Laser Safety Manual (Rev. 2)

  • Page 27: Recommended Control Measures And Safety Precautions

    The application of appropriate control measures and safety precautions combined with the wearing of personal protective equipment will contribute to reduce to an acceptable level the risks of ocular injury due to exposure to the laser radiation emitted from either of the LRMS, LRIS, or LCMS laser equipment. Risk assessment The need for suggesting the application of specific control measures has been evaluated by performing a rough risk assessment relating to various situations that could occur when the laser equipments are firing.

  • Page 28: Case #1: Operation Of The Laser Equipments In A Moving Inspection Vehicle

    Table 2: Summary of the results of a risk assessment of the potential laser hazards that could occur for the three dominant use cases involving the use of the LRMS, LRIS and LCMS equipments. Case #1: Operation of the laser equipments in a moving inspection vehicle The use case #1 reported in Table 2 is by far the most frequent one since it covers the normal use of the laser equipments installed in an inspection vehicle that is moving at a given speed on the road.

  • Page 29: Case #2: Operation Of The Laser Equipments With The Inspection Vehicle Temporarily Stopped

    There should be a visible or audible warning to indicate that the override is in operation. The interlock should be automatically reset as soon as the vehicle speed exceeds a threshold value. LRMS, LRIS, and LCMS Laser Safety Manual (Rev. 2)

  • Page 30: Case #3: Operation Of The Laser Equipments When The Inspection Vehicle Is At Rest (Indoor And Outdoor Settings)

    Area warning signs can be purchased from various suppliers of laser safety products and optical/laser components, some of them being listed at the end of the next section. If judged appropriate, barriers can be installed to prevent unauthorized people to access LRMS, LRIS, and LCMS Laser Safety Manual (Rev. 2)

  • Page 31: Figure 11: Two Examples Of Area Warning Signs That Convey Rapid Visual Hazard-Alerting Messages

    (except for the LRMS) towards the ground. As a result, direct intrabeam viewing is not possible for a person in a normal standing position and viewing along the horizontal direction.
  • Page 32 LED (light-emitting diode) and a red LED. The warning lights of the LRMS profiler units are set above the camera output window (see Figure 4) while those of the LCMS are set below the camera output window, as shown in the lower photograph of Figure 9.

  • Page 33: Figure 12: Photographs Showing An Ir Viewer (Left) And Ir Viewing Cards (Right). The Photographs Have Been Reprinted From The Newport Corp. And Melles Griot Online Catalogs

    Figure 12: Photographs showing an IR viewer (left) and IR viewing cards (right). The photographs have been reprinted from the Newport Corp. and Melles Griot online catalogs. LRMS, LRIS, and LCMS Laser Safety Manual (Rev. 2)

  • Page 34: Recommended Personal Protective Equipment

    1, laser safety eyewear with an optical density of at least 3.1 will provide adequate protection against the laser radiation emitted from any of the LRMS, LRIS or LCMS laser equipment. Besides the optical density, the selected laser safety eyewear must fit comfortably on the head, they should provide a wide field of view, and they should minimize impairment to color vision.
  • Page 35 • Kentek Corp. http://www.kenteklaserstore.com/category.aspx?categoryID=45 • Edmund Optics http://www.edmundoptics.com/onlinecatalog/browse.cfm?categoryid=955 • Thorlabs http://www.thorlabs.com/NewGroupPage9.cfm?ObjectGroup_ID=762 • CVI Melles Griot http://www.cvimellesgriot.com/Products/Laser-Eyewear.aspx • Newport Corp. http://www.newport.com/Laser-Protective-Eyewear/139677/1033/catalog.aspx • ‡ Web sites last visited on January 25 , 2010. LRMS, LRIS, and LCMS Laser Safety Manual (Rev. 2)

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