BERTHOLD TECHNOLOGIES LB4710-050 User Manual
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BERTHOLD TECHNOLOGIES LB4710-050 User Manual

Lb 471 series. limit switch mini-switch
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Process Control
User's Guide
ID No. 39505 BA2
Rev. No.: 03
17. Nov. 2015
Soft. Version: 1.12 or higher
detect and identify
Limit Switch
Mini-Switch LB 471
Hardware Manual

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Summary of Contents for BERTHOLD TECHNOLOGIES LB4710-050

  • Page 1 detect and identify Process Control Limit Switch Mini-Switch LB 471 Hardware Manual User’s Guide ID No. 39505 BA2 Rev. No.: 03 17. Nov. 2015 Soft. Version: 1.12 or higher...
  • Page 3 The units supplied should not be repaired by anyone other than Berthold Service en- gineers or technicians by Berthold. In case of operation trouble, please address to our central service department. The complete user’s guide consists of two manuals, the hardware de- scription and the software description.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents Table of Contents Page Chapter 1. General Information 1.1 Use and Function 1.2 Target Group 1.3 Radiation Protection Courses 1.4 Definitions 1.5 Safekeeping of the User’s Guide Chapter 2. Safety 2.1 Safety Concept 2.2 Symbols and Pictograms 2.3 Radiological Safety Officer 2.4 Duty of Notification 2.5 Radiation Protection Areas...
  • Page 6 Table of Contents 5.1.3 Temporary Storage of Sources 5.1.4 Installation Site 5.1.5 Unpacking and Cleaning System Parts 5.2 Installing the Detector 5.2.1 Fastening Clamps for GM Detectors and NaI Counters 5.2.2 Stainless Steel Detector Holder (Alternative) 5.2.3 Installation of the GM Detector 5.2.4 Installation of the GM Detector 5.2.5 Installation of Super-Sens with Axial Irradiation 5.2.6 Installation of Super-Sens with Radial Irradiation...
  • Page 7 Table of Contents Chapter 10. Servicing the Shielding 10.1 Checking Shielding and Source 10.1.1 Testing the Locking Mechanism 10.2 Leak Test 10.2.1 Leak Test Documentation 10.2.2 Performing a Wipe Test Chapter 11. Radiation Protection 11.1 Basics and Directives 11.2 Radiation Dose Calculations 11.3 Calculation with a given Dose Rate 11.4 Activity-based Calculation Chapter 12.

  • Page 9: Chapter 1. General Information

    Chapter 1 General Information Chapter 1. General Information 1.1 Use and Function The limit switch system LB 471 Mini Switch has been designed for monitoring and detection of levels in containers and pipelines. Licensed as an “overflow protection device for containers storing liquids that are hazardous to waters”...

  • Page 10: Radiation Protection Courses

    Chapter 1 General Information 1.3 Radiation Protection Courses  Special course in radiation protection (Duration: 2 days) This course is needed if the participant has not yet received any radiation protection training. A successfully completed course has a validity of 5 years. ...
  • Page 11 Chapter 1 General Information Detector high voltage Cassette Case (7 TE) into which the evaluation unit LB 4710 is installed, so it can be used in any 19" rack Empty Level below limit value. Empty count rate Count rate with empty container Manual Some parameters can either be set to the automatic or manual mode.

  • Page 12: Safekeeping Of The User's Guide

    Chapter 1 General Information Mega-Becquerel This unit indicates the source activity. Each Bq corresponds to one decay per second.. 1 MBq = one million decays Milli-Curie This unit is also used for the activity of a source. However, this unit has been replaced by the unit MBq (1mCi = 37 MBq) 1.5 Safekeeping of the User’s Guide Note! This user’s guide always has to be available at a fixed place.

  • Page 13: Chapter 2. Safety

    Chapter 2 Safety Chapter 2. Safety 2.1 Safety Concept The state-of-the-art system is designed in accordance with accept- ed safety rules to ensure the greatest possible on-the-job safety. To rule out health hazards when handling radioactive substances, limit values stating the highest acceptable radiation exposure of the operating personnel have been defined on an international lev- el.

  • Page 14: Radiological Safety Officer

    Chapter 2 Safety 2.3 Radiological Safety Officer To ensure proper handling and the observance of the statutory requirements the operating company has to appoint a radiological safety officer who is in charge of all radiation protection issues in connection with the measuring system. The radiological safety officer has to: ...

  • Page 15: Radiation Protection Areas

    Chapter 2 Safety 2.5 Radiation Protection Areas Radiation protection areas define the boundaries around a radia- tion source. The maximum dose rate defines the limit. We distin- guish three radiation protection areas: 2.5.1 Exclusion Areas Exclusion areas are areas in which the local dose rate may be ex- ceed 3 Millisievert (mSv) per hour.

  • Page 16: Monitoring Areas

    Chapter 2 Safety Caution! Radioactivity! The radiation protection directives have to be observed. Controlled areas outside the shielding have to be identified and secured if they are accessible. 2.5.3 Monitoring Areas Monitoring areas are operation areas which do not belong to the controlled area.

  • Page 17: Safety Installations

    Chapter 2 Safety 2.6 Safety Installations 2.6.1 Source Shieldings Caution! Radioactivity! The shielding with the source installed may be taken into opera- tion by specially licensed persons who have been trained on han- dling radioactive materials only after consultation and coordination with the radiological safety officer.
  • Page 18 Chapter 2 Safety  Lever with arrow  Figure 2: Padlock Shielding  Cover plate rear - view of lock    The radiation exit channel has to be closed during transport, as- sembly and while carrying out work on the container. The arrow on the lever is then pointing to “CLOSED”.

  • Page 19: General Safety Instructions

    Chapter 2 Safety 2.7 General Safety Instructions Caution! The safety instructions in this user’s guide have to be observed without fail. All laws, directives, accident prevention regulations and generally accepted safety regulations have to be complied with! The system may be used only in technically good order and only for contractual use! Only persons may work with the system who have been author- ized to do this and who have the proper qualification and have...

  • Page 20: Theft Protection

    Chapter 2 Safety 2.8.1 Theft Protection Radioactive substances or facilities containing radioactive sub- stances have to be secured such that they are protected against access by unauthorized persons. If you discover that radioactive substances are missing, you have to notify the radiological safety officer and the regulatory agency.

  • Page 21: Chapter 3. Functional Safety

    Chapter 3 Functional Safety Chapter 3. Functional Safety 3.1 Use and Function The LB 471 Mini Switch is employed for monitoring and detection of the limit levels of liquids and bulk material in containers and pipelines. Figure 4:  Source ...

  • Page 22: Safety Function

    Chapter 3 Functional Safety 3.2 Safety Function The safety function of the measuring system comprises the detec- tion and indication of changes in the count rate of the detectors caused by the presence of product being measured in the measur- ing path between radiation source and measuring system.
  • Page 23 Chapter 3 Functional Safety  Interfering radiation, e.g. due to welding seam tests, is largely identified and signaled by the measurement. However, in some situations it is conceivable that the intensity of the interfering radiation will increase the radiation level at the detector only slightly, so that no alarm is triggered or not in due time.

  • Page 24: Getting Started

    Chapter 3 Functional Safety 3.5 Getting Started The conditions at the facility affect the safety of the measuring system. Therefore, the mounting and installation instructions in the User’s Manual have to be observed. In particular, the correct setting of the parameters has to be ensured. For more information on the parameters and on getting started, please refer to the Us- er’s Manual LB 471 ID No.
  • Page 25 Chapter 3 Functional Safety Code Designation Value range Factory Value Order setting Password 0000 - 9999 Table 1: Year 1970 - 2099 Current Code table year for professional mode Month / Day 01.01-12.31 Current date Hour / Minute 00.00-23.59 Current time Operation mode 0 - 1...
  • Page 26 Chapter 3 Functional Safety Code Designation Value range Factory Value Order setting Half-value layers 1 - 9 Interference radiation 0 - 1 detection Waiting time after 0 - 999 interference radiation Signaling interference 0 - 2 radiation Signaling unlocked 0 - 2 Signaling minor errors 0 - 2 Signaling excess temp.
  • Page 27 Chapter 3 Functional Safety Empty calibration  The level must be at least 50 mm below the limit level. The radiation channel of the shielding is open.  Push the “Cal” button for 3 seconds  The empty count rate is read in. At the end of the measuring time, code 30 is displayed and the read-in empty count rate.

  • Page 28: Behavior During Operation And Malfunctions

    Chapter 3 Functional Safety Function check  Level is at least 50mm below the limit level when the radia- tion channel of the shielding is open.  The measured value in code 10 has to fluctuate around 0%. The alarm output must not trigger an alarm. ...

  • Page 29: Recurrent Performance Test

    Chapter 3 Functional Safety 3.7 Recurrent Performance Test The recurrent performance test is used to check the safety func- tion to uncover possibly undetected dangerous failure. The opera- tional capability of the measuring system has to be checked in ad- equate intervals.
  • Page 30 Chapter 3 Functional Safety Single channel architecture Container Evaluation units Shielding with Detector source HFT = 0 (Hardware Fault Tolerance) = 1 year <0.036 x 10 Proof = 2 years <0.073 x 10 Proof = 5 years <0.180 x 10 Proof = 10 years <0.360 x 10...
  • Page 31 Chapter 3 Functional Safety Time-dependent The time trend of PVD is nearly linear to the operating time in trend of PFD the period up to 10 years. The above mentioned values apply only to the T interval, according to which a recurrent performance Proof check has to be carried out.
  • Page 33 Chapter 3 Functional Safety Mini-Switch LB 471...
  • Page 34 Chapter 3 Functional Safety Mini-Switch LB 471...
  • Page 35 Chapter 3 Functional Safety Mini-Switch LB 471...

  • Page 36: Chapter 4. Instrument Description

    Chapter 4 Instrument Description Chapter 4. Instrument Description 4.1 Function The limit switch system Mini Switch LB 471 is working on the basis of non-contact Gamma absorption measurement. The system can also be employed with heavy process conditions and aggressive media.

  • Page 37: Mini Switch Lb 471 Versions

    Chapter 4 Instrument Description  Co-60 has a relatively high energy of 1.17 or 1.33 MeV and is used on very thick pipeline or container walls. Its half-life time is 5.27 years.  In most cases, Cs-137 with an energy of 0.660 MeV is ade- quate to irradiate common pipeline or container walls.
  • Page 38 Chapter 4 Instrument Description In a wall housing Front view Side view The wall housing can be mixed with limit switches for GM detectors and fitted for NaI detectors. The wall housing includes a back plane. A filter module is used for 24 V AC/DC supply. It includes: ...

  • Page 39: Type Code

    LB 471. Type code Type Detector Det. connection Version evaluation unit LB4710-050 II (2) G [EEx ib] IIC 19" rack / wall and I M2 [EEx ib] I housing LB4710-060 II (2) G [EEx ib] IIC...

  • Page 40: Detectors

    Chapter 4 Instrument Description 4.3 Detectors The detector converts the Gamma quanta emitted by the source into electrical pulses and passed them on to the evaluation unit. All components are installed together with the high voltage gener- ation in a sturdy cylindrical stainless steel case with integrated connection box.

  • Page 41: Nai Detector

    Chapter 4 Instrument Description 4.3.2 NaI Detector The detector material is an artificially manufactured and specially dotted NaI crystal. Different crystal sizes are available, depending on the required sensitivity. Installed in a sturdy stainless steel case, the detector is protected from normal environmental strain which may occur in industrial applications.
  • Page 42 Chapter 4 Instrument Description LB 44xx Europe / ATEX USA / FM CANADA / CSA JAPAN / TIIS FM / CSA Korea Terminal Compartment without certificate Ex-e (exception USA/FM and CSA = flame proofed) Ex-i Protection Type Gas-Ex Dust-Ex Mining-Ex Irradiation without collimator axial...

  • Page 43: Super-Sens Detector

    Chapter 4 Instrument Description 4.3.3 Super-Sens Detector The Super-Sens detector is extremely sensitive to Gamma radia- tion. The high sensitivity is achieved by using a 150x150 mm large plastic scintillator. It is provided with a lead shielding to reduce the zero count rate and to reduce interferences.

  • Page 45: Chapter 5. Installation

    Chapter 5 Installation Chapter 5. Installation 5.1 Transport to the Installation Site Danger! Risk of injury! When unloading heavy system parts, never step under floating loads! Only use tested separate lifting accessories matching the transport weights. Observe adequate safety margin. Wear hard hat and protective gloves.

  • Page 46: Temporary Storage Of Sources

    Chapter 5 Installation 5.1.3 Temporary Storage of Sources The operator has to take suitable provisions for intermediate stor- age of sources at the place of installation between the period from source delivery to the start of the installation work. A source may be stored only in a lockable room which is identified accordingly.

  • Page 47: Installing The Detector

    Chapter 5 Installation 5.2 Installing the Detector Mark the level to be moni- tored at the container. Posi- tion the detector there in a horizontal line with source. At the same time, the horizontal line is the limit lev- el where the device is switch- ing.

  • Page 48: Fastening Clamps For Gm Detectors And Nai Counters

    Chapter 5 Installation 5.2.1 Fastening Clamps for GM Detectors and NaI Counters Stainless steel clamps are available to install the detector. The dimensions of the clamps are shown in the technical drawings in the Appendix. The technical drawing with dimensions is shown on page 123.

  • Page 49: Installation Of The Gm Detector

    Chapter 5 Installation 5.2.3 Installation of the GM Detector  Red marking strip for   counter tube position  Connection room Align the detector horizontally exactly on the level of the source. The red marking strip on the case shows the position of the coun- ter tube in the detector.
  • Page 50 Chapter 5 Installation Installation with clamps Make a suitable bracket for the container. Using the drawing below, drill 4 holes (d=11 mm) into the bracket for the clamps. Install the bracket either directly on the container or on a sturdy girder. Install the detector on the bracket using clamps.

  • Page 51: Installation Of The Gm Detector

    Chapter 5 Installation 5.2.4 Installation of the GM Detector  Radiation window    Collimator Figure 13:  Connection room NaI detector  Screwed cable gland   The lateral opening (radiation window) in the collimator covers the sensitive area of the detector; it has to face the source. Figure 14: NaI detector mounted on a container...
  • Page 52 Chapter 5 Installation Installation with clamps Make a suitable bracket for the container. Using the drawing below, drill 4 holes (d=11 mm) into the bracket for the clamps. Install the bracket either directly on the container or on a stur- dy girder.
  • Page 53 Chapter 5 Installation Installation with detector holder (chapter 5.2.2) Make a suitable bracket for the container. If the holder is not welded onto the bracket, drill 2 holes (d=17 mm) for the holder in the bracket, using the drawing be- low.

  • Page 54: Installation Of Super-Sens With Axial Irradiation

    Chapter 5 Installation 5.2.5 Installation of Super-Sens with Axial Irradiation Length of angle iron depending on thickness Figure 19: of insulation Installation with Super-Sens detector Diameter: >160 mm Square hole distance: 198 mm The axial radiation window, located in the center of the flange, covers the sensitive area of the detector.
  • Page 55 Chapter 5 Installation Installation Make a suitable bracket for the container. Using the drawing below, drill 4 holes (d=18 mm) into the bracket for the flange. Install the bracket either directly on the container or on a stur- dy girder. Install the detector on the bracket using the flange.

  • Page 56: Installation Of Super-Sens With Radial Irradiation

    Chapter 5 Installation 5.2.6 Installation of Super-Sens with Radial Irradiation The radial radiation window, located on the side, covers the sensi- tive area of the detector. The radiation window must face the source. Figure 22: Install Super-Sens with lateral irradiation on container Radiation path Bracket...
  • Page 57 Chapter 5 Installation Installation Make a suitable bracket for the container. Using the technical drawings on pages 127 to 130, drill 4 holes (d=18 mm) into the bracket for the flange. Install the bracket either directly on the container or on a sturdy girder.

  • Page 59: Chapter 6. Water Cooling

    Chapter 6 Water Cooling Chapter 6. Water Cooling A water cooling device is needed if the ambient temperature may rise above the max. permitted value. The maximum operating temperature for the respective detector is listed in the technical data section on page Chapter 13. Connecting the If a water cooling device is installed on the detector, the connec- water cooling device...
  • Page 60 Chapter 6 Water Cooling Super-Sens with In a Super-Sens with water cooling, the water cooling device is water cooling integrated in the case. The water cooling comprises two cooling jackets which have to be connected with each other during instal- lation.

  • Page 61: Subsequent Installation Of Water Cooling (Option)

    Chapter 6 Water Cooling 6.1 Subsequent Installation of Water Cooling (Option) If you are working with the NaI detectors LB 4401, LB 5401 or GM detectors, you may install a water cooling subsequently. See tech- nical drawings on pages 121 and 122. Preparation You need clamps with a large diameter (90 mm) in order to fix the detector later at its position again.

  • Page 62: Water Cooling For Nai Detector With Collimator

    Chapter 6 Water Cooling 6.1.1 Water Cooling for NaI Detector with Collimator  Cooling nozzle   Drilled hole for screws Figure 23: Water cooling for NaI detector   Collimators only have detectors with 50/50 crystal such as:  LB 4401-03 ...
  • Page 63 Chapter 6 Water Cooling  Remove the plastic ring from the collimator by opening the  screws on the side of the collimator.  Screws   Plastic ring Figure 26: Collimator for NaI detector   Push the collimator over the water cooling so that the radiation window is facing the source.

  • Page 64: Water Cooling For Nai Detector With Collimator

    Chapter 6 Water Cooling 6.1.2 Water Cooling for NaI Detector with Collimator Installing the water cooling   Open the four frontal screws of the cover plate . Leave the cover plate and the lead plate below it in their position. In order to install the water cooling to the detector, you need four screws which are 5 mm longer than the original screws (not included in delivery).

  • Page 65: Water Cooling For Gm Detector

    Chapter 6 Water Cooling 6.1.3 Water Cooling for GM Detector  Cooling nozzle   Water cooling Figure 29:  Locking screw  Water cooling for GM detector  Installing the water cooling Push the cooling jacket over the detector. Make sure that you position the cooling nozzle such that you later have unimpeded access to install the water feed pipes.

  • Page 66: Amount Of Cooling Water Required

    Chapter 6 Water Cooling 6.2 Amount of Cooling Water Required Warning! Risk of damage! The cooling water flow must not be turned off if the maximum ambient temperature of the detector (see technical data in chapter 13.2) will be exceeded even if the facility is not in operation. In case of danger of frost the water cooling has to be emptied.

  • Page 67: Chapter 7. Shielding Installation

    Chapter 7 Shielding Installation Chapter 7. Shielding Installation 7.1 General Installation Instructions Caution! Radioactivity! Installation and start-up of radiometric measuring systems may be carried out only by persons who have been instructed ade- quately by professional personnel! Work is carried out under the guidance and supervision of the ra- diological safety officer.

  • Page 68: Installation Proposal For Shielding

    Chapter 7 Shielding Installation Arrangement Source and center of the detector have to be installed on a hori- zontal line. At the same time, this horizontal line is the monitoring level where the device switches. The shielding is installed at the measuring point by means of brackets.
  • Page 69 Chapter 7 Shielding Installation Flange installation Figure 34: Installation proposal for shielding Installation on pedestal LB 7440 LB 7442 LB 7444 LB 7445 LB 7445 Figure 35: Example of flange installation Mini-Switch LB 471...

  • Page 70: Pneumatic Shielding Shutter (Option)

    Chapter 7 Shielding Installation 7.3 Pneumatic Shielding Shutter (Option) A pneumatically operated shutter is available as a special version. When turning on the compressed air, the locking core moves to the “OPEN” position. In case of failure of the compressed air, the shutter is turned by to the “CLOSED”...

  • Page 71: Chapter 8. Electrical Installation

    Chapter 8 Electrical Installation Chapter 8. Electrical Installation Danger! The special aspects of intrinsically safe installation have to be tak- en into consideration. In Ex-areas the detector has to be connected with the equipoten- tial busbar of the facility. In Ex-areas and for measurements that are not intrinsically safe the evaluation unit has to be disconnected from power during the electrical installation.

  • Page 72: Connecting Evaluation Unit And Detector

    Chapter 8 Electrical Installation Connecting Evaluation Unit and Detector The detector is connected via a 2-wire cable (2 x 1 mm²). In a wall housing one has to observe the permitted cable cross-section of the screwed cable gland. At ambient temperatures >70°C the in- stalled cable has to be protected to ensure that the temperature limits of the cable will not be exceeded.

  • Page 73: Pin Assignment Of Terminal Block

    Chapter 8 Electrical Installation 8.1.1 Pin Assignment of Terminal Block The terminal block of the limit switch includes the following con- nections: Designation 2a / 2c Detector connection depending on the version: - “intrinsically safe” - “not intrinsically safe” 12a / 12b Relay 2: Alarm relay with AC: max.

  • Page 74: Installing Nai Detector Or Super-Sens

    Chapter 8 Electrical Installation 8.1.2 Installing NaI Detector or Super-Sens The connection box for the Super-Sens detector is the same as for a detector with NaI detector with 50/50, 40/35, or 25/25 crystal. Install cable between evaluation unit and detector. For maxi- mum cable length see the technical data on page 105.

  • Page 75: Installing The Gm Detector

    Chapter 8 Electrical Installation  Terminal 1 (+)  Terminal 2 (-)   Figure 37:  Terminal 5 ( Terminal assignment  Cable bushing M16 NaI detector   Attach cover again and fix it Connect grounding on the outside of the grounding screw at the detector.
  • Page 76 Chapter 8 Electrical Installation If necessary, place screen separately on the cable bushing.  Screwed cable gland   Install screwed cable gland on line  Screen   Connect line to terminals 6 (+) and 2 (-)  Terminal 2 (-) ...

  • Page 77: Digital In-/Outputs

    Chapter 8 Electrical Installation 8.2 Digital In-/Outputs 8.2.1 Relays The status of the measurement is indicated by three relays: Relay Alarm or idle state Normal Error (9) 16c (9) 16c Alarm (5) 12c (5) 12c Warning (7) 14c (7) 14c Digits in bracket are the connection contacts for the wall housing.

  • Page 78: Connecting The Evaluation Unit To Power

    Chapter 8 Electrical Installation 8.3 Connecting the Evaluation Unit to Power Danger! Installation work on the electrical equipment may be carried out only in the idle state. The components concerned have to be turned off first and have to be secured against restoring power. The respective VDE and Ex-regulations have to be observed.

  • Page 79: Chapter 9. Maintenance

    Chapter 9 Maintenance Chapter 9. Maintenance 9.1 Malfunctions Danger! Installation work on the electrical equipment may be carried out only in the idle state. The components concerned have to be turned off first and have to be secured against restoring power. The respective VDE and Ex-regulations have to be observed.

  • Page 80: Replacing The Evaluation Unit

    Chapter 9 Maintenance Risk of damage! Use only fuses having the same rating and the same response behavior as the one being replaced. EE-Prom for storing the parameters Figure 39: Board of limit switch evaluation unit Fuse for supply: T 315mA, 250V 9.3 Replacing the Evaluation Unit Replacing the EE-Prom When replacing the evaluation unit, we recommend that you take...

  • Page 81: Dismantling The Nai Detector

    Chapter 9 Maintenance 9.4.1 Dismantling the NaI Detector The following parts are available as spare parts for the NaI detec- tor and may be replaced. Parts to be replaced  Crystal-multiplier combination  Crystal  Multiplier  Detector electronics complete with base ...
  • Page 82 Chapter 9 Maintenance Dismantling the detector electronics Unscrew three screws and take off cover (see also page 74.) Disconnect cable. Open screws of clamps and dismantle detector. Unscrew six screws (Allen screw, size 3).  Allen screws size 3  Figure 40: Base screws NaI detector...
  • Page 83 Chapter 9 Maintenance Dismantling the crystal- multiplier combination   Unscrew coupling ring from the Mu-metal shielding Warning! Multiplier may get damaged. During servicing, the multiplier must not be exposed to bright light.  Mu-metal shielding  Coupling ring Figure 43: Multiplier- ...

  • Page 84: Checking The Crystal-Multiplier Combination

    Chapter 9 Maintenance 9.4.2 Checking the Crystal-Multiplier Combination Often, faulty parts can easily be detected through visual inspection of crystal and multiplier.  Crystal   Magnetic shielding Figure 45: (Mu-metal)   Multiplier-crystal  Photomultiplier combination  Optical connection ...

  • Page 85: Assembly Of Crystal-Multiplier Combination

    Chapter 9 Maintenance 9.4.3 Assembly of Crystal-Multiplier Combination Warning! Multiplier may get damaged! During servicing, the multiplier must not be exposed to bright light. Do not bolt together Mu-metal and coupling ring too hard, as this may destroy the multiplier. Tighten parts only until you encounter a slight resistance.

  • Page 86: Plateau Measurement

    Chapter 9 Maintenance 9.4.4 Plateau Measurement Errors in the crystal-multiplier combination are indicated by a plat- eau that is either too short or too steep. A plateau measurement is used to check the function of the detector. The result of a plateau measurement is presented in a table or a graph.

  • Page 87: Dismantling The Gm Detector

    Chapter 9 Maintenance 9.4.5 Dismantling the GM Detector The following parts of the GM detector can be replaced:  Counter tube  detector electronics Take off cover on connection box and disconnect cables as de- Dismantling the scribed on page 75. GM detector Unscrew 6 Allen screws (size 4).

  • Page 88: Replacing The Source

    Chapter 9 Maintenance 9.5 Replacing the Source A source has to be replaced if the statistical fluctuations reach an unacceptable level in the course of time and compensation by in- creasing the time constant is not permitted any more, e.g. for con- trol engineering reasons.
  • Page 89 Chapter 9 Maintenance Preparation Point sources are mounted on source holders which are then screwed into the shielding, positioning the source in the center of the shielding. Prerequisite for this work is that the personnel are familiar with the exact shielding construction; therefore, the rele- vant drawings have to be available.

  • Page 90: Replacing The Source

    Chapter 9 Maintenance 9.5.1 Replacing the Source  Open padlock on the shielding.  Shielding   Lever Figure 50:  Padlock  Point source shielding  Safety screw   Knob Rotate by 90°    If necessary, unscrew safety screw from lever.
  • Page 91 Chapter 9 Maintenance Grasp the source holder at the rear threaded part and pull it out. Keep source holder with the source far away from your body and put it down behind the shielding or an auxiliary shielding. Grasp source holder with a socket wrench and unscrew the source from the source holder with a second socket wrench (size 10).

  • Page 92: Customer's Service

    Chapter 9 Maintenance 9.6 Customer’s Service If you wish to get support by our technical customer’s service, you should have the following data available:  Device type or “LB” number: e.g. LB 471  Error description (symptoms, appearance, operating state be- fore/after) ...

  • Page 93: Sending In The Electronics

    Chapter 9 Maintenance 9.6.1 Sending in the Electronics If parts or complete devices have to be send in for repair, please include the following information:  Device type or “LB” number: e.g. LB 471  Information on error appearance  Delivery address ...

  • Page 94: Sending In Source And Shielding

    Chapter 9 Maintenance 9.6.2 Sending in Source and Shielding If source and shielding have to be send in for repair, please con- tact the transport manager of B ERTHOLD ECHNOLOGIES Note! Transport Manager Phone: +49 (0)7081 177 219. Information required by the transport manager: ...

  • Page 95: Chapter 10. Servicing The Shielding

    Chapter 10 Servicing the Shielding Chapter 10. Servicing the Shielding 10.1 Checking Shielding and Source For safety reasons it has to be possible to shut off the active beam any time. Depending on the operating conditions, the performance test has to be repeated in adequate intervals , at the latest every six months.

  • Page 96: Leak Test

    Chapter 10 Servicing the Shielding 10.2 Leak Test Depending on the regulatory authority of the country in which the source is being used, recurrent leak tests, so-called wipe tests, have to be carried out. 10.2.1 Leak Test Documentation  Inventory listings of the source to be tested with information on the leak tests carried out in the past.

  • Page 97: Performing A Wipe Test

    Chapter 10 Servicing the Shielding 10.2.2 Performing a Wipe Test The wipe test is carried out using cotton swabs soaked in solvent. Using the cotton swabs, wipe off the alternative test areas. Any possible contamination is taken up by the cotton swabs. The cotton swabs are then locked air-tight into a repository (plastic bag or plastic container) and checked for contamination.

  • Page 99: Chapter 11. Radiation Protection

    Chapter 11 Radiation Protection Chapter 11. Radiation Protection 11.1 Basics and Directives In order to prevent adverse health effects caused by working with the radioactive substances required for our purposes, limits for the maximum permissible radiation exposure of operating personnel have been agreed upon on an international level.
  • Page 100 Chapter 11 Radiation Protection Distance Distance This means the distance between the radioactive source and the human body. The radiation intensity (dose rate) decreases – like light – in proportion to the square of the distance: doubling the distance to the source reduces the dose rate to one quarter. ...

  • Page 101: Radiation Dose Calculations

    Chapter 11 Radiation Protection 11.2 Radiation Dose Calculations When preparing work on radiometric measuring systems, it is im- portant to calculate the radiation exposure to be expected in ad- vance, for this has consequences on the required safety precau- tions. The expected radiation exposure can be calculated quite easily and with sufficient accuracy, provided you know the isotope and the activity of the source used.

  • Page 102: Activity-Based Calculation

    Chapter 11 Radiation Protection 11.4 Activity-based Calculation The exact calculation of the radiation exposure to be expected for a shielded source is carried out using the following equation: A * k * t Dose r² * s source activity specific radiation constant distance between measuring point and source duration of stay attenuation factor of shielding...

  • Page 103: Chapter 12. Disposal

    Chapter 12 Disposal Chapter 12. Disposal Caution! Radioactive sources that are no longer in use or have reached the end of their service life must be returned to the national radioac- tive waste disposal center or to the manufacturer. If you have any questions or if you are unsure what to do about disposal, please contact ERTHOLD...

  • Page 105: Chapter 13. Technical Data

    Chapter 13 Technical Data Chapter 13. Technical Data 13.1 Evaluation Unit Design - In 19” rack 3HE, 4TE, max. 19 modules at 24V AC/DC supply max. 18 modules at 110V/230V AC supply Protection type IP 20 - As cassette 3HE 7TE for any 19"...

  • Page 106: Detectors

    Chapter 13 Technical Data Digital 1 relay output for max./min. (changer) outputs 1 relay output for common failure message 1 relay output for warning message AC: max. 250V, max. 1A, max. 200VA DC: max. 300V, max. 1A, max. 60 W at resistive load Time constant 0,5-999 Decay...
  • Page 107 Chapter 13 Technical Data Storage -40 ... +70 °C temperature Cable bushing M16 for cable diameter: 5 ... 8 mm NaI detector LB 4700 See user manual LB 4700, ID no. 56926BA1 (English: ID no. 56926BA2) Super-Sens detector LB 4430.. with EEx Scintillation counter with plastic scintillator LB 5430..

  • Page 108: Shieldings

    Chapter 13 Technical Data 13.3 Shieldings LB 7440 F LB 7442 F LB 7444 LB 7440 EF LB 7442 EF Approx. shielding thickness (mm lead) Approx. attenuation factor for Cs-137 16000 650000 for Co-60 1800 Dose rate on the surface of the shielding (µSv/h) with Cs-137 (A in MBq) 1.6 * 10...

  • Page 109: Chapter 14. Certificates

    Chapter 14 Certificates Chapter 14. Certificates 14.1 ATEX Certificate for Evaluation Unit LB 4710-XXX Mini-Switch LB 471...
  • Page 110 Chapter 14 Certificates Mini-Switch LB 471...
  • Page 111 Chapter 14 Certificates Mini-Switch LB 471...
  • Page 112 Chapter 14 Certificates Mini-Switch LB 471...

  • Page 113: Atex Certificate Nai Detector

    Chapter 14 Certificates 14.2 ATEX Certificate NaI Detector Mini-Switch LB 471...
  • Page 114 Chapter 14 Certificates Mini-Switch LB 471...
  • Page 115 Chapter 14 Certificates Mini-Switch LB 471...
  • Page 116 Chapter 14 Certificates Mini-Switch LB 471...

  • Page 117: Atex Certificate Gm Detector

    Chapter 14 Certificates 14.3 ATEX Certificate GM Detector Mini-Switch LB 471...
  • Page 118 Chapter 14 Certificates Mini-Switch LB 471...

  • Page 119: Ec Declaration Of Conformity

    Chapter 14 Certificates 14.4 EC Declaration of Conformity Mini-Switch LB 471...

  • Page 121: Chapter 15. Technical Drawings

    Chapter 15 Technical Drawings Chapter 15. Technical Drawings 15.1 NaI Detector with collimator without collimator Specifications in mm Water conduit connections for water cooling: Ø 10 mm (R ") Maximum pressure 6 bar Type Crystal Collimator Weight in kg approx. LB 5401-01 25/25 LB 5401-02...

  • Page 122: Gm Detector

    Chapter 15 Technical Drawings 15.2 GM Detector Detector for use in Ex-areas Sz5-GHS-3171 Counter tube position Cable gland PG 16 for line diameter 5 to 8 mm Terminal connection Terminal 6: + (plus) Terminal 2: - (minus) Terminal 5: screen Non–Ex-detector with 3m cable GHS-3172 Color code of wires:...

  • Page 123: Fastening Clamps

    Chapter 15 Technical Drawings 15.2.1 Fastening Clamps Fastening clamps are used for the assembly of GM detectors and NaI detectors. For detector without water cooling For detector with water cooling D = 75 D = 90 ID-NO 31346 (1 set= 2 clamps) ID-NO 31347 (1 set = 2 clamps) Mini-Switch LB 471...

  • Page 124: Detector Holder For Gm Detector And Nai Counter

    Chapter 15 Technical Drawings 15.2.2 Detector Holder for GM Detector and NaI Counter This holder comprises two clamps mounted on an angle. It may be used optionally instead of the fastening clamps. The advantage is that this angle can be welded or screwed directly onto the bracket.

  • Page 125: Super-Sens Detectors

    Chapter 15 Technical Drawings 15.3 Super-Sens Detectors Super Sens with frontal irradiation M16 for cable 5 … 10 mm M16 for cable 5 … 10 mm Type ATEX Weight in kg approx. Gas Ex II 2 G EEx de IIC T6 LB 4430-04-0a-Gd-E Gas Ex II 2 G EEx ib d IIC T6...
  • Page 126 Chapter 15 Technical Drawings Super-Sens with frontal irradiation and water cooling M16 for cable 5 … 10 mm M16 for cable 5 … 10 mm Connection seal for water cooling: Ø 10mm (R “) Specifications in mm Type ATEX Weight in kg approx.
  • Page 127 Chapter 15 Technical Drawings Super Sens with lateral irradiation 90° M16 for cable 5 … 10 mm M16 for cable 5 … 10 mm Specifications in mm Type ATEX Irradiation Weight in kg approx. Gas Ex II 2 G EEx de IIC T6 90°...
  • Page 128 Chapter 15 Technical Drawings Super Sens with lateral irradiation 90° with water cooling Thermal shield M16 for cable 5 … 10 mm M16 for cable 5 … 10 mm Connection seal for water cooling: Ø 10mm (R1/4“) Specifications in mm Type ATEX Irradiation...
  • Page 129 Chapter 15 Technical Drawings Super Sens with lateral irradiation 66° M16 for cable 5 … 10 mm M16 for cable 5 … 10 mm Specifications in mm Type ATEX Irradiation Weight in kg approx. Gas Ex II 2 G EEx de IIC T6 66°...
  • Page 130 Chapter 15 Technical Drawings Super Sens with lateral irradiation 66° with water cooling Thermal shield M16 for cable 5 … 10 mm M16 for cable 5 … 10 mm Connection seal for water cooling: Ø 10mm (R1/4“) Specifications in mm Type ATEX Irradiation...

  • Page 131: Point Source Shielding Lb 744X

    Chapter 15 Technical Drawings 15.4 Point Source Shielding LB 744X LB 7440 / 7442 / 7445 / 7446 LB 7444 Point sources Radiation exit Lock Position Open Position Closed Type label Type Stainless FØ KØ flange steel case LB 7440 F CR 142 60 60 15 18 20...
  • Page 132 Chapter 15 Technical Drawings Shielding LB 744X with Pneumatic Shutter A pneumatic shutter device is available as an option to remote-control the shutter mechanism. The pneumatic shutter is also available with limit switch for position feedback, in different ver- sions (see table below: Limit switch unit). N ap- Type prox.
  • Page 133 Chapter 15 Technical Drawings Individual parts of the pneumatic drive Pull-back spring (FAIL-SAFE) Pneumatic drive with pneumatic drive Adjustable External square for position indication or manual operation Point source shielding LB 744X Screwed cable gland Limit switch unit Limit switch unit IP 65 version Ex de version Cable diameter 6 …...

  • Page 134: Dimensions Of The Evaluation Unit

    Chapter 15 Technical Drawings 15.5 Dimensions of the Evaluation Unit 15.5.1 19" Rack ~215 max. 19 modules Filter module 19“ rack for 24V AC/DC supply 19“ rack with 230/110V AC transformer 12TE max. 18 modules Transformer module Mini-Switch LB 471...

  • Page 135: Wall Housing

    Chapter 15 Technical Drawings 15.5.2 Wall Housing Six screwed cable glands 3 x M12 for cable Ø 4 – 8 mm for detector cable 3 x M16 for cable Ø 6 – 12 mm for out- and inputs Mini-Switch LB 471...

  • Page 136: Cassette

    Chapter 15 Technical Drawings 15.5.3 Cassette Connector strip (Option) ID No. 42571 For installation in any 19“ rack, with plastic divider for Ex i. Mini-Switch LB 471...

  • Page 137: Connection Diagrams

    Chapter 15 Technical Drawings 15.6 Connection Diagrams 15.6.1 19" Rack Figure 53: Pin assignment 19" rack Figure 54: Connection diagram 19" rack Mini-Switch LB 471...
  • Page 138 Chapter 15 Technical Drawings 15.6.2 Wall Housing Connect wires: Insert suitable screw-driver into the square hole next to the terminal. This will open the terminal and you can in- sert the wires. Pull screw-driver again. wire Channel C jammed in the spring-finger Kanal C connector.
  • Page 139 Chapter 15 Technical Drawings 15.6.3 Cassette Connect wires: LB 44.. Plastic block must be Insert suitable screw-driver LB 54.. Sz5 GHS 3171.. mounted for into the square hole next to GHS 3172.. intrinsically safe in- the terminal. This will open stallation.

  • Page 140: Connection Diagram For Power Supply Unit In 19" Rack

    Chapter 15 Technical Drawings 15.6.4 Connection Diagram for Power Supply Unit in 19" Rack Power Supply Level Switch LB 4710 Netzteil Grenzschalter LB 4710 Terminal Block for Power Supply Steckerleiste für Netzteil Mini-Switch LB 471...
  • Page 141 Notes Mini-Switch LB 471...
  • Page 142 Notes Mini-Switch LB 471...
  • Page 143 Index Electronics base ............82 Emergency instructions ..........19 19" rack ..............37 Empty ................. 11 Empty calibration ..........73, 77 Empty count rate ............11 Ambient temperature ..........47 Evaluation unit ..........105, 134 Assembling the crystal-multiplier combination ..85 Evaluation unit in 19“...
  • Page 144 Manual ............... 11 Servicing the shielding ..........95 Mini Switch LB 471 ............. 37 Shielded cable ............71 Multiplier .............. 84, 85 Shielding installation ..........67 Mu-metal shielding ............ 83 Shielding repair ............94 Shieldings ............17, 108 Shipment of sources ..........94 NaI detector ..........
  • Page 146 detect and identify Process Control Limit Switch Mini-Switch LB 471 Software Manual User’s Guide...
  • Page 148 The units supplied should not be repaired by anyone other than Berthold Service engineers or technicians by Berthold. In case of operation trouble, please address to our central service department. The complete user’s guide consists of two manuals, the hardware description and the software description.
  • Page 150 Table of Contents Table of Contents Page Chapter 1. Definitions Chapter 2. Operation 2.1 Basics of Operation 2.1.1 Buttons 2.1.2 Display 2.1.3 Status LED’s 2.1.4 Count Rate Display 2.1.5 Select Parameters 2.1.6 Edit Mode 2.1.7 Enter Parameter Value 2.2 Reading-in the Count Rate 2.2.1 Measurement Mode 2.2.2 Automatic and Manual Mode Chapter 3.

  • Page 152: Chapter 1. Definitions

    Chapter 1 Definitions Chapter 1. Definitions Automatic The following parameters can be set to automatic or manual mode: In the automatic mode the value is calculated using a for- mula. Enter -1 to enable the automatic mode. The inverted C in the top row indicates whether a parameter has been set to auto- matic.
  • Page 153 Chapter 1 Definitions Full count rate Count rate with full container. GM detector Geiger-Müller detector. GM-detectors contain Geiger-Müller counter tubes; they are the classic detectors used in radiation measuring technique. Due to the low zero count rate, they are ideally suited for simple and low- cost limit switch applications.

  • Page 154: Chapter 2. Operation

    Chapter 2 Operation Chapter 2. Operation 2.1 Basics of Operation 2.1.1 Buttons Front panel evaluation unit Enter Enter  Enable edit mode (In windows that cannot be edited, this button is disabled.)  Exit edit mode; the displayed value is accepted or saved. ...

  • Page 155: Display

    Chapter 2 Operation 2.1.2 Display Front panel The display is located on the front panel of the evaluation unit. The display shows in the top row the code number of the parame- evaluation unit ter and in the bottom row the value of that parameter. Code number C for code C 10...

  • Page 156: Count Rate Display

    Chapter 2 Operation 2.1.4 Count Rate Display Count rates are displayed in the bottom row. For count rates of 10000 cps and higher a thousands separator is enabled. Thus, it is possible to display count rates >9999 cps on a four-digit display. The digits after the dot are irrelevant for a limit switch.

  • Page 157: Enter Parameter Value

    Chapter 2 Operation 2.1.7 Enter Parameter Value This process will be explained by using the date in code 02 as an example. The date (MM.DD) is to be updated. C 02 Old date: 09.25 (September 25) 09.25 C 02 Current date: 11.30 (November 30) 11.30 Enter value: Select code 02 with...

  • Page 158: Measurement Mode

    Chapter 2 Operation Reading in count rates is started with the „Cal.“ button. Push „Clear“ to abort the count rate reading-in process. While reading in the count rate, the remaining averaging time appears on the display instead of the code number. The averaged count rate is displayed in the bottom row.

  • Page 159: Automatic And Manual Mode

    Chapter 2 Operation 2.2.2 Automatic and Manual Mode The following parameters can be set to automatic or manual mode: Code 12, 17, 18, 19, 31, 53, 55 (see chapter 3.4). Manual mode In the manual mode, the above parameters are set to a fixed value. Automatic mode Enter -1 to enable the automatic mode.
  • Page 160 Chapter 2 Operation Push to select the second digit from the right. Set digit with button to „–„. Enter Confirm with  The selected parameter is set to the automatic mode. The C in the top row is displayed inverted. Turn off automatic mode The automatic mode of a parameter can be overwritten any time by entering a fixed value >0 to set the instrument to the manual...

  • Page 162: Chapter 3. Parameters

    Chapter 3 Parameters Chapter 3. Parameters 3.1 Standard Mode / Professional Mode The operation mode is set in code 04. The following table explains the differences between standard and professional mode. Standard mode Professional mode Operation Simple Access to all addition- Table 1: al functions.

  • Page 163: Standard Mode Code Table

    Chapter 3 Parameters 3.2 Standard Mode Code Table Code Designation Value range Factory Page setting Password 0000 - 9999 Table 2: Code table Year 1970 - 2099 Current year for standard mode Month / Day 01.01-12.31 Current date Operation mode 0 - 1 0 = Standard 1 = Professional...

  • Page 164: Professional Mode Code Table

    Chapter 3 Parameters 3.3 Professional Mode Code Table Code Designation Value Factory Page range setting Password 0000 - 9999 Table 3: Year 1970 - 2099 Current year Code table for Month / Day 01.01-12.31 Current date professional mode Hour / Minute 00.00-23.59 Current time Operation mode...
  • Page 165 Chapter 3 Parameters Code Designation Value range Factory Page setting Interference radiation 0 - 1 Table 3: detection Code table for Waiting time after inter- 0 - 999 professional mode ference radiation Signaling interference 0 - 2 radiation Signaling unlocked 0 - 2 Signaling minor errors 0 - 2...

  • Page 166: Parameter Description

    Chapter 3 Parameters 3.4 Parameter Description Code numbers which are visible only in the professional mode, e.g. C o d e 0 3 , are displayed with a shaded background. Password C o d e 0 0 Lock system by entering a 4-digit number If the device is locked, all codes can be read but C 10 not edited.
  • Page 167 Chapter 3 Parameters Month/Day C o d e 0 2 Display or enter current date The date is entered and displayed in the format MM.DD. See code 01. Hour/Minute C o d e 0 3 Display or enter current time (Only in the professional mode) The time is entered and displayed in the format hh.mm.
  • Page 168 Chapter 3 Parameters C o d e 0 6 Nuclide Define isotope (source) used Input Isotope Co-60 Cs-137 This information is needed to calculate the decay compensation. Automatic password protection C o d e 0 7 Enable automatic password protection (Only in the professional mode) Input Automatic password protection...
  • Page 169 Chapter 3 Parameters Second alarm relay (EVU soft version 1.01 and higher) The function is foreseen for „requirement-oriented maintenance“. It helps, for example, to discover wall caking at an early stage, because wall caking may result in switching errors. A switch point between 10 to 100% can be set. Since this function also triggers an alarm when the level changes, a time window has to be set in the PCS which detects the differ- ence between caking and actual level changes.
  • Page 170 Chapter 3 Parameters Reaction of the alarm relay in case of error C o d e 0 9 Define reaction of alarm relay in case of error (Only in the professional mode) Input Reaction of alarm relay in case of error Alarm relay holds the last status Alarm relay follows the error relay You have to define if the alarm relay should follow the error relay...
  • Page 171 Chapter 3 Parameters Note! Leave the time constant on automatic unless there are good rea- sons for entering a fixed value. If you enter a fixed value as time constant, you should keep in mind that a fixed value does not adjust to the source decay. Therefore, enter a value that ensures a safe switching function even after 10 years.
  • Page 172 Chapter 3 Parameters C o d e 1 5 Standard reading display Define standard reading display (Only in the professional mode) Input Standard reading Code 10 Code 11 Here you can define to which reading the display will jump if no input has been made for 20 minutes.
  • Page 173 Chapter 3 Parameters Note! Correct selection of the switching threshold is important for a reli- able function of the limit value switch. To avoid false alarms if the switching threshold has been set using a fixed value, the time con- stant has to be set to automatic, or it has to be calculated accu- rately.
  • Page 174 Chapter 3 Parameters Hysteresis (in %) C o d e 1 9 Hysteresis in percent (Only in the professional mode) Input Hysteresis Code Automatic >0 Fixed value in cps The hysteresis increases the safety of the device by reducing the risk of switching errors due to statistical fluctuations.
  • Page 175 Chapter 3 Parameters Depending on the operation mode, this value is determined as follows: Standard mode Professional mode based on code 39 as soon as based on code 30 or code 31 empty calibration been (depending on setting) as soon performed.
  • Page 176 Chapter 3 Parameters Reading-in the empty count rate:  Select code 30.  Push "Enter" to get to the edit mode  Push the „Cal“ button.  As soon as the counting time is over, the new count rate is stored.
  • Page 177 Chapter 3 Parameters Calculate full count rate automatically:  Enter The count rate is calculated automatically and continuously updat- ed depending on the half-value layers defined in code 39 and the empty count rate. If values have been set in code 33 and 35, the full count rate is calculated based on these values instead of the data in code 39.
  • Page 178 Chapter 3 Parameters Reading-in the zero count rate:  Go to code 32  Push "Enter" to get to the edit mode  Push „Cal“ button  As soon as the counting time is over, the new count rate is stored.
  • Page 179 Chapter 3 Parameters Compensating the empty count rate for gas pressure: Determine empty count rate in code 30. Enter measuring path in code 33. Enter gas density (kg/m³) under operating conditions in code Start calibration with code 36.  A compensated empty count rate has been calculated in code 20.
  • Page 180 Chapter 3 Parameters Calculating the full count rate via the bulk density: Determine the empty count rate in code 30. Enter measuring path in code 33. In code 35, enter the bulk density (for solids) or the density (for liquids) under operating conditions in kg/m³. Example values for densities and bulk densities (at 20°C): Water: 1000 (kg/m³)
  • Page 181 Chapter 3 Parameters Note! If the parameters - time constant (code 12) - switching threshold (code 17/18) - hysteresis (code 19) have been set to automatic, there is only a very small risk that false values have been set. We recommend to enable code 36 after every parameter change to ensure that an incorrect setting will be recognized immediately.
  • Page 182 Chapter 3 Parameters C o d e 3 8 Bulk cone diameter (mm) Enter diameter of the bulk cone where switching is to be performed. Bulk cone measurement You have to enter the bulk cone di- ameter "d" in mm if measurements on bulk goods should trigger an d (mm) alarm at a certain bulk cone diame-...
  • Page 183 Chapter 3 Parameters Example with liquid Example: Co-60 Product: Gasoline rho = 0.7 g/cm Cylindrical container: d = 1200 mm d= 1200 mm inside Source: Co-60 rho= 0.7 g/cm HVL = 0.7 x 1200 / 157 = 5.4 Always round down result! Input in code 39: Example with bulk good Example:...
  • Page 184 Chapter 3 Parameters Note! Function affected by interference radiation. This type of interference radiation detection does not trigger any alarm if the count rate increase due to interference radiation is below 1.5 x ECR. For welding seam tests in the vicinity of the measurement point (approx.
  • Page 185 Chapter 3 Parameters The warning relay cannot be used for signaling if code 8 is set to C o d e 4 4 Signaling minor errors Select relay to signal minor errors (Only in the professional mode) Input Relay No signaling via relay Signaling via error relay Signaling via warning relay Minor errors are indicated on the display in code 10 by „!!“...
  • Page 186 Chapter 3 Parameters C o d e 4 7 Signaling EVU excess temperature Select relay to signal EVU excess temperature (Only in the professional mode) Input Relay No signaling via relay Signaling via error relay Signaling via warning relay The threshold for the excess temperature is defined in code 48. The warning relay cannot be used for signaling if code 8 is set to EVU limit temperature C o d e 4 8...
  • Page 187 Chapter 3 Parameters C o d e 5 3 Detector high voltage Show or set current high voltage of the detector (only FSK detectors) Input HV mode Automatic 500 -1300 Fixed value The automatic HV-control keeps the detector free from drifts in case of temperature fluctuations and ageing.
  • Page 188 Chapter 3 Parameters C o d e 5 5 Source replacement Read off or enter year for source replacement (Only in the professional mode) Input Function Code Calculate automatically 1970 - 2070 Fixed value If the current date in code 01 reaches the year set here, the warn- ing message "39.01"...
  • Page 189 Chapter 3 Parameters Note! For the limit switch to continue working normally, you have to turn off the test generator after the test. To be on the safe side, the test generator will be turned off auto- matically after 20 minutes. The test generator is also disabled if the limit switch is locked by entering the password.
  • Page 190 Chapter 3 Parameters C o d e 6 5 Test keyboard Test keyboard (Only in the professional mode) Push the Enter button to enable keyboard test. If you push a button now, its function is shown on the display. Push the Clear button for at least 2s to exit the test. Status Digital In C o d e 6 6 Test digital inputs...
  • Page 191 Chapter 3 Parameters Detector plateau measurement C o d e 6 8 Plateau measurement for detector function (Only in the professional mode and only for NaI detector and Super-Sens) Start plateau measurement: Push Enter to enable this function. Push Cal. to start the plateau measurement. ...
  • Page 192 Chapter 3 Parameters C o d e 7 0 Error log Query error log (Only in the professional mode) The last 26 errors are stored in the error log. Data position Push the Enter button to invoke the function. The error stored last is dis- played.
  • Page 193 Chapter 3 Parameters Revision log C o d e 7 1 Query revision log (Only in the professional mode) The last 26 parameter modifications are stored in the revision log. Data position Push the Enter button to invoke the function. Push the buttons: to invoke the data position ...
  • Page 194 Chapter 3 Parameters C o d e 7 2 Save& Load / Reset Save/Load parameter set or initiate reset (Only in the professional mode) Input Function Save parameter set Load parameter set Initiate software reset Initiate software reset and reset parameters to factory setting Save parameter set The present parameter set is saved to a separate memory on the...

  • Page 196: Chapter 4. Getting Started

    Basically, it is advisable to have commissioning carried out by the BERTHOLD TECHNOLOGIES service. The device is taken into operation as follows:  Turn on supply voltage ...

  • Page 197: Resetting To Standard Values

    Chapter 4 Getting Started 4.2 Resetting to Standard Values You have to reset the device to standard values only if you are not sure if the current settings are correct. The device can also be re- set if a password is enabled. Turn supply voltage of EVU off or pull EVU out of slot.

  • Page 198: Basic Setting For Standard Mode

    Chapter 4 Getting Started 4.3 Basic Setting for Standard Mode For basic setting you have to set or check at least the sic grey shaded parameters in the code table: Code Designation Value range Factory Page setting Password 0000 - 9999 Table 7 Basic setting for Year...
  • Page 199 Chapter 4 Getting Started Basic setting: Code 01: check or update year C 01 2003 Example: year 2003 Code 02: Check or update month /day C 02 10.05 Display: MM/DD Example: October 5 Code 05: Enter detector code C 05 Enter detector code Example: detector code „0“...
  • Page 200 Chapter 4 Getting Started Code 16: Select min./max. limit value switch C 16 Maximum value limit switch Input Alarm relay function Maximum value switch Minimum value switch Code 32: Read in zero count rate C 32 Example: 50 cps as natural environmental radiation Input Function „Cal“...

  • Page 201: Calibration In Standard Mode

    Chapter 4 Getting Started 4.4 Calibration in Standard Mode Empty calibration has to be performed in order to calibrate the measurement. Prerequisites (see also page 60):  Container must be empty or at least below the monitoring level.  The gas density existing under actual operating conditions is available in the container.

  • Page 202: Getting Started In The Professional Mode

    Basically, it is advisable to have commissioning carried out by the BERTHOLD TECHNOLOGIES service. In the professional mode (code "04" = 1), all parameters can be configured as needed and there is no restriction as to their order, with the exception of code 36 which always has to be enabled at the end of the calibration procedure.

  • Page 203: Chapter 5. Explanations

    Chapter 5 Explanations Chapter 5. Explanations 5.1 Zero Count Rate The zero count rate is the count rate caused by natural environ- mental radiation. In contrast to radiation coming from the source, the zero count rate remains constant. The zero count rate is large- ly dependent on the scintillator volume.
  • Page 204 Chapter 5 Explanations b) Second best method If the source has already been installed, the following prerequisites should be met:  closed radiation exit channel  full container Figure 7: Determining the zero count closed radiation rate at full container exit channel full container c) Third best method...

  • Page 205: Empty Calibration

    Chapter 5 Explanations 5.2 Empty Calibration The shielding container of the measuring system has to be in- stalled prior to performing empty calibration. The radiation exit channel has to be open. The container should be empty or filled up to a level below the limit value. Note! Empty calibration, especially on high-pressure containers, has to be carried out under operating conditions (pressure, tempera-...

  • Page 206: External Empty Calibration

    Chapter 5 Explanations High gas pressure If the container is under gas pressure during operation, empty calibration also has to be carried out under this Figure 11: gas pressure. If this is not possible, Container with then empty calibration may also be gas pressure carried out without gas pressure, and then it has to be compensated for au-...

  • Page 207: Bulk Cone Measurement

    Chapter 5 Explanations 5.3 Bulk Cone Measurement Note! Bulk cone measurements can only be carried out with scintillation detectors. The required calibration has to be carried out in the professional mode, since the limit value has to be set specifically. With bulk goods, the monitoring level is determined at a defined bulk cone diameter.
  • Page 208 Chapter 5 Explanations Simulate bulk cone with steel or lead plates You need steel or lead plates causing the same absorption with respect to Gamma radiation as the bulk cone. Since this is de- pendent on the mass per unit area, the steel or lead plate must have the same mass per unit area as the bulk cone.

  • Page 209: Interference Radiation Detection

    Chapter 5 Explanations 5.4 Interference Radiation Detection The high Gamma sensitivity of scintillation detectors may have the Figure 13: Measurement affected by Welding seam test on pipeline welding seam test Iridium or X-ray source effect that interference radiation aimed at the detector (e.g. radia- tion emitted during welding seam tests) may trigger a false alarm or not trigger an alarm.

  • Page 210: Flow Chart

    Chapter 5 Explanations 5.4.1 Flow Chart If interference radiation is detected, the following sequence starts automatically: Figure 14: If interference radiation is detected, the Flow chart measurement goes to the HALT mode. interference radiation Interference Reading and current output are radiation "held".

  • Page 211: Time Constant

    Chapter 5 Explanations 5.5 Time Constant The time constant smoothes the measured value in code 10 and 11. Statistical fluctuations and process-immanent level variations, e.g. due to agitators, can be smoothed. The measured values supplied by the detector are averaged using the time constant.

  • Page 212: Chapter 6. Error Messages

    Chapter 6 Error Messages Chapter 6. Error Messages The device is checked for possible errors during operation and up- on turning on of the supply voltage. We distinguish between error messages and warnings: Reaction in case of an „Err“ error message: ...
  • Page 213 Chapter 6 Error Messages Error Error Designation Display Reaction of Alarming relay Cause Remedy number sub-code measurement Hardware error Halt Error relay Fault in a hardware compo- Replace evaluation unit nent or the board Watchdog reset Dependent on High electrical interference Check power line for possible interfer- code 44 or faulty hardware...
  • Page 214 Chapter 6 Error Messages Error Error Designation Display Reaction of Alarming relay Cause Remedy number sub-code measurement ECR < ZCR Empty count rate lower than Determine empty count rate or / zero count rate. and zero count rate new. ECR < FCR Empty count rate lower than full Determine empty count rate or / count rate.

  • Page 216: Chapter 7. Service

    Chapter 7 Service Chapter 7. Service 7.1 Troubleshooting Table Problem Cause Remedy No display No power supply Check power line Check fuse Display Processor error Observe error code not reada- Perform reset: For a ”Total Reset”, keep the Clear button pushed down while you turn on the power supply.

  • Page 217: Reset

    Chapter 7 Service 7.2 Reset A reset has to be performed if strange malfunctions occur during operation or in the course of a measurement. First, you should simply turn off the power supply and then turn it on again. The CPU will be started new but the values are not overwritten by standard values.

  • Page 218: Check Measurement With Test Generator

    Chapter 7 Service 7.3 Check Measurement with Test Generator You can use the test generator in code 60 to check the calibration of the measurement. The test generator simulates the probe and is enabled by entering a digit larger than 0. It is advisable to simulate the empty count rate (code 20) as well as the full count rate (code 21) with the test generator.

  • Page 220: Chapter 8. Appendix

    Chapter 8 Appendix Chapter 8. Appendix Start-up Protocol TAG no. Date Isotope Activity Source no. Detector Product Standard Mode Parameters Code Designation Value range Factory Device Page setting setting Password 0000 - 9999 Year 1970 - 2099 Current year Month / Day 01.01 - 12.31 Current date Operation mode Standard/Professional...
  • Page 221 Chapter 8 Appendix Professional Mode Parameters Code Designation Value range Factory Device Page setting setting Password 0000 - 9999 Year 1970 - 2099 Current year Month / Day 01.01 - 12.31 Current date Hour / Minute 00.00 - 23.59 Current time Operation mode Standard/Professional 0 - 1 Detector code...
  • Page 222 Chapter 8 Appendix Code Designation Value range Factory Device Page setting setting Interference radiation detection 0 - 1 Waiting time after interference radiation 0 - 999 Signaling interference radiation 0 - 2 Signaling unlocked 0 - 2 Signaling minor errors 0 - 2 Signaling excess temp.
  • Page 223 Notes Mini-Switch LB 471...
  • Page 224 Notes Mini-Switch LB 471...
  • Page 225 Index Agitator .............. 60 Edit ..............7 Alarm relay ............23 Edit mode ........... 7, 9, 11 Alarm relay in case of error ........25 Empty ..............7 Ambient temperature ........... 41 Empty calibration .......... 56, 60 Automatic ............. 7 Empty count rate ........
  • Page 226 Limit temperature ..........41 Radiation source ..........59 Limit value ............8 Read in count rate ........... 8, 12 Live count rate ............ 26 Read in full count rate .......... 31 Live reading in % level ......... 25 Real-time clock ............ 21 Live reading in cps ..........
  • Page 227 Year ..............21 Zero count rate ........8, 30, 32, 58 Mini-Switch LB 471...

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