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Oberheim GM-400 Operating Manual

Digital signal processor
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Oberheim
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VISCOUNT
JOINT VENTURE
GM-400
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR
OPERATING MANUAL

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Summary of Contents for Oberheim GM-400

  • Page 1 Oberheim VISCOUNT JOINT VENTURE GM-400 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR OPERATING MANUAL...
  • Page 2 CAUTION RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT OPEN WARNING! TO REDUCE THE DANGER OF ELECTRIC SHOCK: DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR BACK) DO NOT EXPOSE THIS APPLIANCE TO RAIN OR MOISTURE NO USER SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL This simbol is intended to This simbol is intended to alert alert the user to the presence...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor CONTENTS Contents: ....................page 69 1. Introduction: 1.1 Precaution ..................... page 71 2. Description of controls and connectors: 2.1 Front panel....................page 72 2.2 Rear panel....................page 73 3. Installation and instructions for use: 3.1 Connection examples................page 74 3.2 Some advices for correct use of the GM 400..........page 75...
  • Page 4 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor 7. Utility Mode: 7.1 Midi ......................page 126 7.2 Program Table ..................page 128 7.3 Dump ..................... page 129 7.4 Tuner ..................... page 130 8. Initialization procedure: 8.1 Factory settings ..................page 131 8.2 Dsp self-test ...................page 132 9.

  • Page 5: Introduction

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 PRECAUTION The following is a list of a number of simple precautions to be adopted when using and maintaining the instrument in order to avoid damage to its mechanical and electronic structures: •...

  • Page 6: Description Of Controls And Connectors

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor 2. DESCRIPTION OF CONTROLS AND CONNECTORS 2.1 FRONT PANEL 1. Phones Output: this socket is a headphones output which allows the GM 400 to be used even without connection to an amplification system. 2. Phones Level: used to regulate the volume of the signal sent to the PHONES OUTPUT.

  • Page 7: Rear Panel

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor 2.2 REAR PANEL 16. Foot Controller: connector for connection of the Oberheim FC 3000 foot controller (optional). 17. Hold Switch: jack for connection of an optional foot-switch which activates the hold delay function (infinite repetition of a memorized phrase).

  • Page 8: Installation And Instructions For Use

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor 3. INSTALLATION AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE 3.1 INSTALLATION P.A. Mixer System Ch. Input P.A. Adaptor System 10.5 volts Midi unit Midi controller Midi Out Midi In Foot controller Foot Guitar/Bass P.A. P.A. Fc 3000...
  • Page 9 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor • disconnect the power supply if the instrument is to be out of use for a long period. 3.2 SOME ADVICE ABOUT CORRECT USE OF THE GM 400 Switch-on. Before making all the connections make sure that the amplification system volume is turned down to the minimum setting.
  • Page 10 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor optimum operating range, between -12 dB and -3 dB. Press Exit to return to the main video page. The input signal level can also be constantly monitored from the main video page, using the...

  • Page 11: Structure Of The Gm 400

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor 3.3 STRUCTURE OF THE GM 400 Memory configuration. The memory of the GM 400 is divided into three banks: A, B and C. Each of them contains 128 memory locations (which from now on we will call patches), giving a total of 384.

  • Page 12: Play Mode

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor 4. PLAY MODE The section which follows will describe the PLAY MODE: we will discuss the way in which the GM 400 will be used while the patches are being played. The next section, entitled EDIT MODE, will describe the procedure for programming a patch.

  • Page 13: Selecting A Memorized Patch

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor • CAUTION !!: Excessively high playing volumes may seriously damage your hearing: keep the volume within reasonable limits . 4.2 SELECTING A MEMORIZED PATCH Play mode indicator Foot controller General output volume Memory bank...

  • Page 14: Programming

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor • CAUTION !!: an displayed on the right of the words "play mode"indicates that this modification has not been memorized in the patch. To make the modification permanent, refer to point 5.3 MEMORIZING A PATCH in the EDIT MODE section .

  • Page 15: Edit Mode

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor • CAUTION !!: an displayed on the right of the words "play mode" indicates that this modification has not been memorized in the patch. To make the modification permanent, refer to WRITE MODE in the EDIT MODE section .
  • Page 16 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor EDIT 1st EFFECT EDIT PAGE EDIT 2ND EFFECT EDIT PAGE (IF PRESENT) ..The red light in the EDIT key will remain on as long as the edit page shown on the display is not the last in the sequence.
  • Page 17 Oberheim FC 3000 foot controller is used, since the foot switches it provides allow the user to switch any one of the groups set in BYPASS status to ON. On the other hand, the foot controller will have no effect on the groups in OFF status, which will be completely out of use.

  • Page 18: Master Level

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Press COMPARE again to exit from the function. • when its light is flashing: this occurs when the display is showing the main menu page. In this case, pressing the COMPARE key activates the EDIT page for group levels already described in the PLAY MODE chapter.
  • Page 19 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Press the ENTER/WRITE key with the light constantly on to access the patch memorization function. The display will show the relative page: which shows: • the current memory location (CURRENT BANK); • the destination memory location (DESTIN. BANK). The GM 400 automatically offers the current location, as shown in the above example.

  • Page 20: Effects

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor 6. EFFECTS The chapter which follows describes all the effects in each group. In addition to a brief description of the characteristics of the effect itself, all the parameters relating to its programming will be discussed. All the procedures described start from the main edit video page.

  • Page 21: Compressor (Cmp)

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor which also confirms that the desired effect has been selected. But now let's move on to examine the effects the GM 400 is able to provide. 6.1 COMPRESSOR (CMP) The Compressor page is accessed by selecting CMP in the main edit page and pressing the...
  • Page 22 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Sets the level of the input signal below which the compression effect will operate. The operating range runs from -6 dB (Threshold=0) to about -40 dB (Threshold=45). Bright parameter. Range: 0 - 5 A filter which enhances the high frequencies.
  • Page 23 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Mode parameter. Range: Dynamic Loudness, Spectral Compressor, Spectral DeEsser, Spectral Exp/Gate, Eq + Compressor, Eq + Expander Controls the mode in which the effect works. The functions provided by the modes vary quite widely.

  • Page 24: Distortion (Dst)

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor B to M (Bass to Medium) Parameter. Range: 63, 80, 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 320, 400, 500, 635, 800, 1k, (Bass to Medium), 1k25, 1k6, 2k, 2k5, 3k2, 4k, 5k, 6k4, 8k, 10k, 12k8, 16k Hz M to T (Medium to Treble) Parameter.
  • Page 25 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor OVERDRIVE "Valve" type distortion, softer than Distortion. Type parameter. Range: Standard, UK Tubes, US Tubes, Modern ovd, Hot Tubes, Flattened, Brite Tube, MOS-FET #1, MOS-FET #2, MOS-FET #3. Sets the type of overdrive. Drive parameter. Range: 0-64 Controls the intensity of the effect.

  • Page 26: Equalizer (Eq)

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor HDamp parameter. Range: 4K0, 3K2, 2K5, 2K0, 1K6. Displays the cut-off frequency used by a filter which eliminates all the frequencies above the one set. Level parameter. Range: 0 - 100 Regulates the level of the output signal in the context of the effects chain.
  • Page 27 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Bass parameter. Range: 0 - 100 Regulates the bass tone section. Middle parameter. Range: 0 - 100 Regulates the middle tone section. Treble parameter. Range: 0 - 100 Regulates the treble tone section. Notch parameter. Range: -14dB/+14dB The Notch parameter regulates a filter which has a differentiated operating mode: its enhancement zone is centred on 1225 Hz, while for attention it focuses on 1950 Hz.

  • Page 28: Amp Simulator (Amp)

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Low Shelve filter. Freq. Range: 50, 70, 100, 140, 200, 280, 400 Hz Enhancement/Attenuation Range: +14db/-14dB This shelving filter enhances or attenuates the low frequencies. The parameters which can be modified are the frequency and the intervention level.
  • Page 29 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Guitar Amplifer, Bass Amplifer. GUITAR AMPLIFER One important component of guitar sounds is the modification of the frequency response created by the amplifier's cabinet and speakers. When a multieffect device is connected directly to the mixer of a P.A. system (i.e. without using the amplifier), this component is lacking.
  • Page 30 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Influence parameter. Range: 0 - 100 Parameter which sets the incidence of the BOX TYPE parameter in the context of the amp simulator. Level parameter. Range: 0 - 100 Regulates the level of the output signal in the context of the effects chain.

  • Page 31: Modulation (Mod)

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Parameter which sets the incidence of the BOX TYPE parameter in the context of the amp simulator. Level parameter. Range: 0 - 100 Regulates the level of the output signal in the context of the effects chain.
  • Page 32 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Effect Level parameter. Range: 0 - 100 Regulates the level of the effect, i.e. of the modulated line. Direct Level parameter. Range: 0 - 100 This parameter regulates the level of the direct signal.
  • Page 33 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor This parameter regulates the depth of the modulation. Effect Level parameter. Range: 0 - 100 Regulates the level of the effect, i.e. of the modulated line. Direct Level parameter. Range: 0. 100 This parameter regulate the level of the direct signal.
  • Page 34 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Manual parameter. Range: 0 - 100 This parameter sets the modulation delay time. Depth parameter. Range: 0 - 100 This parameter regulates the depth of the modulation. Phase parameter. Range: 0 - 100 Allows modification of the relative modulation phase.
  • Page 35 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Release Time parameter. Range: 0- 100 In contrast with the Attack parameter, this parameter sets the time for which the effect will last. Panpot parameter. Range: 0 - 100 This parameter adjusts the relative time stagger between the Left and Right channels.

  • Page 36: Special Effects 1 (Sp1)

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor In contrast with the the Attack parameter, this parameter sets the time for which the effect will last. Depth parameter. Range: 0 - 100 Sets the depth of the modulation. Level parameter. Range: 0 - 100 Regulates the level of the output signal in the context of the effects chain.
  • Page 37 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Regulates the sensitivity of the way filter to variations in the control. With sensitivity zero no effect is obtained, while with sensitivity at the maximum setting the filter open/closing range is the maximum possible.
  • Page 38 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Mix 1 and Mix 2 parameters. Range: -100 - +100 These two parameters act on the levels of the two lines, thus modifying the influence of the two resonance patterns. Level parameter. Range: 0 - 100 Regulates the level of the output signal in the context of the effects chain.

  • Page 39: Special Effects 2 (Sp2)

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Level parameter. Range: 0 - 100 Regulates the level of the output signal in the context of the effects chain, in this case the sum of the processed sound and the direct sound, mixed by means of the EFFECT LEVEL and DIRECT LEVEL parameters.
  • Page 40 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor The Pitch Shifter adds a line which can be freely tuned by the user to the original signal. The GM 400 Pitch Shifter 1 allows completely independent manipulation of the left-hand and right- hand channels of a stereophonic source by means of two separate lines.
  • Page 41 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor PITCH SHIFTER 2 A further version of the Pitch Shifter which allows the realization of no less than three separate shifting lines. Shift parameter. Range: -24 ÷ +24 Fine parameter. Range: -50 ÷ +50 These parameters set the quantity of frequency variation required, subdivided into a roughly accurate part set in semitones (Shift) and a fine part set in hundredths of a tone (Fine).

  • Page 42: Delay (Dly)

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor 4 VOICE CHORUS This is a further version of the Chorus featuring no less than 4 stereophonic lines (voices) to give the effect the maximum "roominess" and depth. Rate parameter. Range: 0 - 100.
  • Page 43 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Standard Delay, Tap Delay, Stereo Delay, Multi Delay, Metronome Delay. STANDARD DELAY An effect which allows fragmented, timed repetition of the signal. It is commonly known as the "echo" effect. Delay Time parameter. Range: 0 - 2000 msec.
  • Page 44 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Regulates the level of the output signal in the context of the effects chain, in this case the sum of the processed sound and the direct sound, mixed by means of the EFFECT LEVEL and DIRECT LEVEL parameters.
  • Page 45 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Feedback Time parameter. Range: 0 - 2000 msec. Regulates the time which the signal takes to return to the input between 0 and 2 seconds. Hi Damp parameter. Range: None, 20K, 19K, 18K, 17K, 16K, 14K5, 12K5, 11K5, 10K, 9K,...
  • Page 46 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor signal. Each line has 4 separate taps which can be programmed separately. The parameters relating to the two lines, Left and Right, are absolutely identical, and so they will be described together. Time parameter. Range: 0 - 1000 msec.
  • Page 47 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Displays the cut-off frequency of a filter which eliminates all the frequencies higher than the one set. Direct Level parameter. Range: 0 - 100 Regulates the level of the direct signal. Level parameter. Range: 0 - 100...
  • Page 48 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Line parameter. Range: 1 - 4 Identifies which of the 4 delays is to be modified. Pan parameter. Range: L = 0 - 100 ÷ L = 100 - 0 Determines the distribution of the selected line within the stereo front.
  • Page 49 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Note 1/2 parameter. Range 1/4*, 1/4, 1/8*, 1/4T, 1/8, 1/16*, 1/8T, 1/16, 1/32*, 1/16T, 1/32, 1/64*, 1/32T, 1/64, 1/128*, 1/64T, 1/128, 1/128T, OFF (where * represents a dotted triplet). Selects the musical notation to be used for creation of the delay effect.

  • Page 50: Reverberation (Rev)

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor The procedures are as described for the Tap Delay. Control of the TAP pedal When the Metronome Delay is active the TAP pedal is also operational. It is used to enter the BPM not by editing but in real time, in relation to the speed of the song the musician is performing.
  • Page 51 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Type parameter. Range: Large Hall, Medium Hall, Large Room, Small Room, Chamber, Plate, Spring. The Type parameter sets the type of reverb and/or the size of the room whose response is to be simulated. The differentiations are obtained by controlling a large number of internal parameters, such as delays and relative amplitude of the early reflections part, and the lengths and gains of the modules which make up the reverberation part.
  • Page 52 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Reverberation Eq Lo Shelve (IshF) parameters. Frequency Range: 50, 70, 100, 140, 200, 280, 400 Hz Boost/Cut Range: +14db/-14dB Reverberation Eq Mid Peak (midF) parameters. Frequency Range: 100, 140, 200, 280, 400, 560, 800 1ko, 1k4, 2k0, 2k8, 4k0, 5k6, 8k0 Bandwidth (Q) Range: 0.5, 1, 2, 3...
  • Page 53 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Type parameter. Range: Normal, LeftToRight, RightToLeft, Reverse. The type parameter is used to select a conventional Gate, a Reverse Gate, or two effects of Panning between the channels. Pre-Delay parameter. Range: 0 - 250 ms.
  • Page 54 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor 0 , 5 0 , 5 0 , 5 0 , 5 0 , 5 0 , 5 0 , 5 0 , 5 Early Reflections Eq Lo Shelve (IshF) parameters. Frequency Range: 50, 70, 100, 140, 200, 280, 400 Hz Boost/Cut Range: +14db/-14dB Early Reflections Eq Mid Peak (midF) parameters.
  • Page 55 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor The Accent Delay parameter regulates the delay of a single repetition of the signal, the time reference for which is the end of the early reflections pattern. Accent Level parameter. Range: 0 - 100 Regulates the level of the repetition known as Accent (see above) on both channels.
  • Page 56 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor VIRTUAL CHAMBER A reverberation effect which offers the user an interface in which he can define all the characteristics of the room to be simulated. For example, he can decide the size of the room and the absorption capacity of its walls, the position of the sound source, and the listener's position and the direction in which he is facing.
  • Page 57 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Source Y parameter. Range: 0 - Chamber depth. They set the position of the sound source inside the reverberation chamber. Listener Orientation parameter. Range: 0° - 360°. Step 5° They set the direction in which the listener is facing.
  • Page 58 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Shooting Spread Orientation Chamber Wall parameter. Range: North, South, East, West, Ceiling, Floor. This parameter selects the wall (or floor or ceiling) of which the absorption is to be regulated using the ABSORPTION parameter.

  • Page 59: Noise Gate (Ng)

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Reverberation Eq Lo Shelve (IshF) parameters. Frequency Range: 50, 70, 100, 140, 200, 280, 400 Hz Boost/Cut Range: +14db/-14dB Reverberation Eq Mid Peak (midF) parameters. Frequency Range: 100, 140, 200, 280, 400, 560, 800 1ko, 1k4, 2k0, 2k8, 4k0, 5k6, 8k0 Bandwidth (Q) Range: 0.5, 1, 2, 3...

  • Page 60: The Midi Foot Controller Page

    This function can be used to set the parameters relating to use of the two optional pedal units which can be connected to the optional Oberheim FC 3000 remote control unit. A number of the effects parameters can be assigned to each of these two foot controllers, and can thus be controlled in real time.
  • Page 61 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Selects the parameter to be modified using the foot controller. In this case the range depends on the group selected, since as we have seen in EDIT MODE, the parameters often vary widely from one group to another.
  • Page 62 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Allows the user to set the Midi reception channel. The OFF value cuts out reception while the OMNI setting enables all 16 Midi channels simultaneously. Device Id parameter. Range: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,...
  • Page 63 Enables or disables reception/transmission of exclusive system Messages which allow data exchanges or communications with the optional Oberheim FC 3000 remote control (also depending on the value set in the FILTERS ON parameter). Select ON to activate the sys ex exchange function.

  • Page 64: Contents

    Midi logic. This function is very useful when using the optional Oberheim FC 3000 remote control unit, since it makes it possible to concentrate the recall of a series of 10 memory locations chosen as the user wishes, which can all be reached immediately in PROGRAM MODE by just pressing one of the number buttons on the unit (see the foot controller user manual).
  • Page 65 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor Location parameter. Range: 1 - 128, ALL Allows the user to set the number(s) of the memory location(s) to be transferred. Naturally, when ALL is selected all the locations of a bank will be transferred together.
  • Page 66 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor GUITAR STD: standard guitar tuning 12ST OCT UP: for 12 string guitars, tunes the double strings in the octave above. GUITAR FLAT: guitar tuning half a tone flat. GTR D FLAT: guitar tuning a whole tone flat.
  • Page 67 Self-Test page. This page shows the result of a self-test performed by the GM 400 on the operation of its own digital signal processors, responsible for generating the effects. CAUTION !!: this section of the control software should only be used by the staff of authorized Oberheim service centres .
  • Page 68 Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor 9. ANNEX 9.1 THE TYPES OF CONNECTORS USED Unbalanced 6.3 mm jack connector Balanced 6.3 mm jack connector Used for the following sockets: Used for the following sockets: Inputs L/Mono,R - rear Inputs L/Mono,R - rear...

  • Page 69: Oberheim Gm

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor 10. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS AUDIO PERFORMANCE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING: 2 CHANNEL A/D 18 BIT 108 DB 128 X OVERSAMPLING SIGMA DELTA 2 CHANNEL D/A 18 BIT 108 DB 64 X OVERSAMPLING SIGMA DELTA DATA PATH...

  • Page 71: Midi

    Oberheim GM 400 Digital Signal Processor MIDI IMPLEMENTATION CHART Oberheim GM 400 Date:12-Nov-96 Digital Signal Processor Version: 1.0 FUNCTION ... TRANSMITTED RECOGNIZED REMARKS BASIC DEFAULT 1 - 16 1 - 16 CHANNEL CHANGED Mode 3 Mode 3 MODE Default Mode 3...
  • Page 73 LITHIUM BATTERY WARNING CAUTION! This product contains a lithium battery There is danger of explosion if battery is incorretly replaced. Replace only with a Maxell CR2 32. Replace only with the correct polarity. Discard used battery according to manufacturer’s instruction’s. ADVARSEL! Lithiumbatteri –...

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