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Scientech Technologies ST2276 Operating Manual

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GPS Trainer
ST2276
Operating Manual
Ver 1.1
An ISO 9001 : 2000 company
94-101, Electronic Complex Pardesipura,
Indore- 452010, India
Tel : 91-731- 2570301/02, 4211100
Fax: 91- 731- 2555643
e mail : info@scientech.bz
Website : www.scientech.bz
Toll free : 1800-103-5050

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  • Page 1 GPS Trainer ST2276 Operating Manual Ver 1.1 An ISO 9001 : 2000 company 94-101, Electronic Complex Pardesipura, Indore- 452010, India Tel : 91-731- 2570301/02, 4211100 Fax: 91- 731- 2555643 e mail : info@scientech.bz Website : www.scientech.bz Toll free : 1800-103-5050...
  • Page 2 ST2276 Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Understanding the principle of NMEA 0183 protocol. b. Analysis of NMEA 0183 protocols • Experiment 7 Study of other NMEA Sentence • Experiment 8 Study of the complete GPS Environment. GPS Quiz GPS Glossary GPS Acronyms Warranty List of Accessories Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

  • Page 4: Introduction

    It is mandatory that service engineers use lead free solder wire and use the soldering irons upto (25 W) that reach a temperature of 450°C at the tip as the melting temperature of the unleaded solder is higher than the leaded solder. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

  • Page 5: Experiment 1

    Block IIR SV s will incorporate changes to include the capability of maintaining precise time keeping without Control Segment uploads for periods of up to 210 days by exchanging data between GPS SV s (Rawicz, Epstein, and Rajan 1992). Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 6 19,000 (U.S. DoD and DoT 1993, 3-41). Civil users now constitute the majority of GPS users. The 1994 FRP estimates the current total number of GPS users at over 500,000 in the United States alone (U. S. DoD and DoT 1995, 3-7). Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 7 Each GPS satellite has several very accurate atomic clocks on board. The clocks operate at a fundamental frequency of 10.23MHz. This is used to generate the signals that are broadcast from the satellite. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 8 Diego, Garcia & Kwajalein. The measurements are then sent to the master control station in Colorado Springs where they are processed to determine any errors in each satellite. The information is then sent back to the four monitoring stations equipped with ground antennas and uploaded to the satellites. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 9 The User Segment comprises of anyone using a GPS receiver to receive the GPS signal and determine their position and / or time. Typical applications within the user segment are land navigation for hikers, vehicle location, surveying, marine, navigation, aerial navigation, machine control etc. Figure 5 Figure 6 a Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 10 They are positioned in six (6) orbital planes Therefore there will usually be something in the order of 6 to 8 satellites visible above the horizon at any point in the world and at any time of the day. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 11 (being used by the receiver) is always changing, and hence the receiver needs to be looking for new satellites as the current in use satellites begin to disappear from view. Conclusion : Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

  • Page 12: Experiment 2

    The data modulated by the C/A code modulates the L1 carrier in turn by using Bi-Phase-Shift-Keying (BPSK). With every change in the modulated data there is a 180 deg change in the L1 carrier phase. Figure 7 Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 13 If you don't have WinZip then please install WinZip from the CD itself. Step 3 : Connect mains cord to the trainer ST2276. Don’t switch on the system now. Step 4 : Connect serial cable to the port which is available on the trainer connect another end of the cable to PC serial port (COM 1, COM 2, COM3 etc.).
  • Page 14 ST2276 Step 5 : Connect the patch. Antenna to SMA (subminiature) connector of the ST2276 trainer. Step 6 : Place the antenna in the open space ie. Place the antenna outside the window. Step 7 : Switch on the trainer ST2276.

  • Page 15: Experiment 3

    If you don't have WinZip then please install WinZip from the CD itself. Step 3 : Connect mains cord to the trainer ST2276. Don't switch on the system now. Step 4 : Connect serial cable to the port which is available on the trainer. Connect another end of the cable to PC serial port (COM1, COM2, COM3 etc.).
  • Page 16 ST2276 Step 7 : Switch on the trainer ST2276. Step 8 : Precaution, don't touch the Step 9 : Open software from start / program file /GPS Diag. Now click on option like COM1, if it is not possible to detect then check your PC com port. If your PC com port is COM2 then click COM2 in the software.

  • Page 17: Experiment 4

    This section won't go very deep in this complex matter, but the result is that the signal power is very low, even beneath the noise floor. In other words: it has become very hard to distinguish the signal from noise (that is always present on signals). Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 18 It is important that equal parts of the code are mixed with each other. Therefore the code generated in the receiver must be shifted in time until the two codes are exactly synchronous. In this special case when the receiver ‘locks’ (also Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 19 The ideal GPS receiver would have an infinitely wide receiver BW which would allow the receiver to capture 100% of the GPS spread spectrum signal. The normalized autocorrelation function for an infinitely wide BW is generally illustrated as shown in figure below. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 20 In reality, a GPS receiver would need a brick wall band pass filter with a BW of at least ten times the code C/A code chipping rate to be capable of capturing> 99% of the GPS spread spectrum signal. For most GPS receiver this is generally not practical to achieve. Conclusion : Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

  • Page 21: Experiment 5

    PDOP played an important part in the planning of measurement projects during the early year of GPS, as the limited deployment of satellites frequently produced phases when satellite constellations were geometrically very unfavorable. Satellite deployment today is so good that PDOP and GDOP values rarely exceed 3. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 22 If you don't have WinZip then please install WinZip from the CD itself. Step 3 : Connect mains cord to the trainer ST2276. Don't switch on the system now. Step 4 : Connect serial cable to the port which is available on the trainer connect another end of the cable to PC serial port (COM1, COM2, COM3 etc.).
  • Page 23 Step 10 : Take at least four reading by placing the antenna at four different locations. But switch off the power during placing the antenna on different location. Figure 17 Sample observation taken during testing : PDOP HDOP VDOP Observation : PDOP HDOP VDOP Result & Conclusion : Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

  • Page 24: Experiment 6

    9 = UT date 10 = Magnetic variation degrees (Easterly var, subtracts from true course) 11 = E or W 12 = Checksum $GPGGA,hhmmss.ss,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a,x,xx,x.x,x.x,M,x.x,M,x.x,xxxx*hh GGA = Global Positioning System Fix Data 1 = UTC of Position Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 25 9 = Checksum $GPGSA,A,3,19,28,14,18,27,22,31,39,,,,,,1.7,1.0,1.3 *35 GSA = GPS receiver operating mode, SVs used for navigation, and DOP values. 1 = Mode : M = Manual, forced to operate in 2D or 3D A = Automatic, 3D/2D Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 26 If you don't have WinZip then please install WinZip from the CD itself. Step 3 : Connect mains cord to the trainer ST2276. Don't switch on the system now. Step 4 : Connect serial cable to the port which is available on the trainer. Connect another end of the cable to PC serial port (COM1, COM2, COM3 etc.).
  • Page 27 Note : This is the sample observation, in your case you have a map received data reading with the above theory, it’s very interesting. Observation : $GPVTG $GPGGA $GPGLL $GPGSA $GPGSV $GPRMC $GPVTG Result & Conclusion : Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

  • Page 28: Experiment 7

    $GPGSV - GPS Satellites in View $GPGXA - TRANSIT Position $GPHDG - Heading, Deviation & Variation $GPHDT - Heading, True $GPHSC - Heading Steering Command $GPLCD - Loran-C Signal Data $GPMSK - Control for a Beacon Receiver Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 29 $GPVTG - Track Made Good and Ground Speed $GPWCW - Waypoint Closure Velocity $GPWNC - Distance, Waypoint to Waypoint $GPWPL - Waypoint Location $GPXDR - Transducer Measurement $GPXTE - Cross-Track Error, Measured $GPXTR - Cross-Track Error, Dead Reckoning Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 30 $GPSTN - Multiple Data ID $GPVBW - Dual Ground / Water Speed $GPVTG - Track made good and ground speed $GPWPL - Waypoint location $GPXTE - Cross-track error, measured $GPZDA - UTC Date / Time and Local Time Zone Offset Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 31 7 = Reference time of almanac 8 = Inclination angle 9 = Right ascension rate 10 = Semi major axis route 11 = Argument of perigee (omega) 12 = Ascension node longitude 13 = Mean anomaly Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 32 Journey. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 33 "DEST" destination waypoint ID START origin waypoint ID Example 1: $GPBOD, 099.3, T, 105.6, M, POINTB,*01 Waypoint ID: "POINTB" Bearing 99.3 True, 105.6 Magnetic. This sentence is transmitted in the GOTO mode, without an active route on your GPS. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 34 220516 timestamp 5130.02 Latitude of next waypoint N North/South 00046.34 Longitude of next waypoint W East/West 213.0 True track to waypoint T True Track 218.0 Magnetic track to waypoint M Magnetic. 10. 0004.6 range to waypoint Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 35 = latitude of position a = N or S, latitutde hemisphere dddmm.mmm = longitude of position b = E or W, longitude hemisphere q = GPS Quality indicator (0 = No fix, 1 = Non-differential GPS fix, Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 36 *75 checksum $--GLL,lll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a,hhmmss.ss,A llll.ll = Latitude of position a = N or S yyyyy.yy = Longitude of position a = E or W hhmmss.ss = UTC of position A = status : A = valid data Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 37 3 - 14 = PRN's of Satellite Vehicles (SV's) used in position fix (null for unused fields) 15 = Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) 16 = Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP) 17 = Vertical Dilution of Precision (VDOP) Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 38 7 = SNR, 00-99 dB (null when not tracking) 8-11 = Information about second SV, same as field 4-7 12-15= Information about third SV, same as field 4-7 16-19= Information about fourth SV, same as field 4-7 Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 39 Comments Sentence ID $GPMSS Signal strength Signal strength (dB 1uV) Signal to noise ratio (dB) Frequency Beacon frequency (KHz) Data rate Beacon frequency (BPS) Unknown field Unknown field sent by GPS receiver used for test Checksum Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 40 0.66, L Cross-track error (nautical miles, 9.9 max.), Steer Left to correct (or R = right) 003 Origin waypoint ID 004 Destination waypoint ID 4917.24, N Destination waypoint latitude 49 deg. 17.24 min. N 12309.57, W Destination waypoint longitude 123 deg. 09.57 min.W Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 41 2.= Cross track error in nautical miles 3.= Direction to steer (L or R) to correct error 4.= Origin waypoint ID# 5.= Destination waypoint ID# 6.= Destination waypoint latitude 7.= N or S 8.= Destination waypoint longitude Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 42 3.= 5133.82 current Latitude 4.= N North/South 5.= 00042.24 current Longitude 6.= W East/West 7.= 173.8 Speed in knots 8.= 231.8 True course 9.= 130694 Date stamp 10 = 004.2 Variation 11 = W East/West 12 = *70 checksum Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 43 5.= onwards, Names ofwaypoints in Route $GPTRF : Transit Fix Data Time, date, position, and information related to a TRANSIT Fix. $--TRF, hhmmss.ss,xxxxxx,llll.ll,a,yyyyy.yy,a,.x,x.x,x.x,x.x,xxx hhmmss.ss = UTC of position fix xxxxxx = Date: dd/mm/yy llll.ll,a = Latitude of position fix, N/S Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 44 Eg3. For NMEA 0183 version 3.00 active the Mode indicator field is added at the end $GPVTG, 054.7, T, 034.4, M, 005.5, N, 010.2, K, A*53 A Mode indicator (A Autonomous, D Differential, E Estimated, N Data not valid) Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 45 N Distance units – Nautical miles Eg 2. $ GPXTE, A, A, 4.07, L, N*6D 1 2 3 4 5 6 A validity A cycle lock 4.07distance off track L steer left (L/R) N distance units *6D checksum Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 46 UTC Year 2002 UTC year (4digit format) Offset to local time zone in hours (+/- Local zone hours 00 to +/-59) Offset to local time zone in minutes Local zone minutes (00 to 59) Checksum Conclusion : Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

  • Page 47: Experiment 8

    If you don't have WinZip then please install WinZip from the CD itself. Step 3 : Connect mains cord to the trainer ST2276. Don't switch on the system now. Step 4 : Connect serial cable to the port which is available on the trainer. Connect another end of the cable to PC serial port (COM1, COM2, COM3 etc.).
  • Page 48 Elev, Az, SNR, Used?, & also readings from the received data. At least you have to take three to four readings on different different places. Please use blank sheet for the observation and make at least four columns for four different places. Result & Conclusion : Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

  • Page 49: Gps Quiz

    Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 50 10. The NMEA message $GPGLL has fields for latitude-longitude position speed and heading satellite elevation-azimuth-signal strength all of the above Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 51 1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (b) 11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (b) Grade your performance : Excellent (13-15), Very good (11-12), Good (8-10) Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

  • Page 52: Gps Glossary

    Availability is a function of both the physical characteristics of the operational environment and the technical capabilities of the transmitter facilities. Bandwidth : The range of frequencies in a signal. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 53 In a circular normal distribution, the radius of the circle containing 50 percent of the individual measurements being made, or the radius of the circle within which there is a 50 percent probability of being located. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 54 (by real-time transmission of corrections or by post processing) into the position calculations of another receiver operating in the same area and simultaneously tracking the same satellites. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 55 (Greenwich) with the equator. The vectors rotate with the earth. Z is the direction of the spin axis. ECEF : see earth-centered earth-fixed Elevation : Height above mean sea level. Vertical distance above the geoid. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 56 A mathematical model designed to best fit part or all of the geoid. It is defined by an ellipsoid and the relationship between the ellipsoid and a point on the topographic surface established as the origin of datum. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 57 For example, it is common to interface the 911 telephone system with a computer-aided dispatch (CAD) system. Both hardware and software are needed to provide that interface. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 58 Multipath : Interference caused by reflected GPS signals arriving at the receiver, typically as a result of nearby structures or other reflective surfaces. Signals traveling longer paths produce higher (erroneous) pseudorange estimates and, consequently, positioning errors. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 59 The receiver first compares the phase of the two signals, then uses the resulting phase difference signal to adjust the reference oscillator frequency. This eliminates phase difference when the two signals are next compared. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 60 Reliability : The probability of performing a specified function without failure under given conditions for a specified period of time. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 61 Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
  • Page 62 Earth (usually in terms of harmonic coefficients). WGS-84 (World Geodetic System 1984) : The mathematical ellipsoid used by GPS since January, 1987. Y code : The encrypted version of the P-code. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

  • Page 63: Gps Acronyms

    : Spherical DOP : Standard Positioning Service : Space Vehicle TDOP : Time DOP USNO : U.S. Naval Observatory : Universal Time Coordinated VDOP : Vertical DOP WGS-84 : World Geodetic System 1984 Y-code : Encrypted P-code Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

  • Page 64: Warranty

    The repair work will be carried out, provided the product is dispatched securely packed and insured. The transportation charges shall be borne by the customer. List of Accessories Mains Cord .....................1 No. RS 232 Cable..................1 No. GPS Antenna ..................1 No. e-Manual (Software inclusive) ..............1 No. Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

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