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Cyclades -PR4000 Installation Manual

Avocent mid-range, multi-protocol, expandable remote access server installation manual
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Cyclades-PR4000
Installation Manual
Mid-range, Multi-protocol, Expandable Remote Access Server
Cyclades Corporation

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Summary of Contents for Cyclades Cyclades-PR4000

  • Page 1 Cyclades-PR4000 Installation Manual Mid-range, Multi-protocol, Expandable Remote Access Server Cyclades Corporation...
  • Page 2 FCC Warning Statement: The Cyclades-PR4000 has been tested and found to comply with the limits for Class A digital devices, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Cyclades-PR4000 CHAPTER 1 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL ... 8 Installation Assumptions ... 9 Text Conventions ... 10 Icons ... 10 Cyclades Technical Support and Contact Information ... 11 CHAPTER 2 WHAT IS IN THE BOX ... 13 SWAN Expansion Card ... 14 CHAPTER 3 USING CYROS MENUS ...
  • Page 4 Cyclades-PR4000 Example 2 Connection to an Internet Access Provider via Modem... 37 CHAPTER 5 CONFIGURATION OF THE ETHERNET INTERFACE ... 45 The IP Network Protocol ... 45 IP Bridge ... 47 Other Parameters ... 48 CHAPTER 6 THE SWAN INTERFACE ... 49 CHAPTER 7 THE E1 AND T1 INTERFACES, WITHOUT SIGNALING ...
  • Page 5 Cyclades-PR4000 Frame Relay ... 82 X.25 ... 87 X.25 with PAD (Packet Assembler/Disassembler) ... 90 CHAPTER 11 ROUTING PROTOCOLS ... 91 Routing Strategies ... 91 Static Routing ... 91 Dynamic Routing ... 91 Static Routes ... 92 RIP Configuration ... 95 OSPF ...
  • Page 6 Cyclades-PR4000 CHAPTER 14 RULES AND FILTERS ... 123 Configuration of IP Filters ... 123 Traffic Rule Lists ... 132 CHAPTER 15 IPX (INTERNETWORK PACKET EXCHANGE) ... 138 Enabling IPX... 139 Configuring the Ethernet Interface ... 139 Configuring Other Interfaces ... 139 PPP...
  • Page 7 Cyclades-PR4000 General Specifications ... 155 External Interfaces ... 156 Console Port ... 156 Ethernet Port ... 157 T1 and E1 ... 158 Cables ... 159 Straight-Through Cable ... 159 Cross Cable ... 160 Router-MD / V.35 Cable ... 161 DB-25 to M.34 Adapter ... 162 ...

  • Page 8: Chapter 1 How To Use This Manual

    Cyclades-PR4000 CHAPTER 1 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL Three Cyclades manuals are related to the PR4000. 1 The Quick Installation Manual -- provided with the router, 2 The Installation Manual -- available electronically on the Cyclades web site, 3 The CyROS Reference Guide -- also available electronically on the Cyclades web site.

  • Page 9: Installation Assumptions

    Cyclades-PR4000 Chapter 14- Filters and Rules - demonstrates how to protect your router from undesired traffic. Chapter 15 - IPX - presents the hidden menus available only in routers with IPX activated. Chapter 16 - Virtual Private Network - describes CyROS’ VPN implementation.

  • Page 10: Text Conventions

    Cyclades-PR4000 Text Conventions Common text conventions are used. A summary is presented below: Convention Description CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>L A combination of menu items, with the last being either a menu item, a parameter, or a command. In this example, L lists the interface configuration.

  • Page 11: Cyclades Technical Support And Contact Information

    Cyclades-PR4000 Cyclades Technical Support and Contact Information All Cyclades products include limited free technical support, software upgrades and manual updates. These updates and the latest product information are available at: http://www.cyclades.com ftp://ftp.cyclades.com/pub/cyclades Before contacting us for technical support on a configuration problem, please collect the information listed below.
  • Page 12 Cyclades-PR4000 The mailing address and general phone numbers for Cyclades Corporation are: Cyclades Corporation Phone: + 01 (510) 770-9727 Fax: + 01 (510) 770-0355 41829 Albrae Street Fremont, CA 94538 Chapter 1 - How to Use This Manual...

  • Page 13: Chapter 2 What Is In The Box

    Cyclades-PR4000 CHAPTER 2 WHAT IS IN THE BOX The following are included with the PR4000: • PR4000 Main Unit • Power Cord • Console Cable Power Cable CD-Rom Containing Quick Installation Manual Documentation FIGURE 2.1 ITEMS INCLUDED WITH ALL PR4000 MODELS Chapter 2 - What is in the Box •...

  • Page 14: Swan Expansion Card

    Cyclades-PR4000 SWAN Expansion Card The PR4000 is often sold with a SWAN card in the expansion slot. The SWAN can be connected to a modem or DSU/CSU as shown in Figure 2.3. Cables are not included with the product. DB-25...
  • Page 15 Cyclades-PR4000 Provisioning the T1/E1 Dialup Lines This section provides information useful when provisioning the T1 or E1 dialup trunk lines for use with the Cyclades- PR4000 Remote Access Server. Line provisioning parameters vary widely depending on the switch being used at the central office and the service options offered by the carrier.
  • Page 16 If given a choice, both voice and data support is preferable. If only one may be chosen, voice should be chosen to support modem (V.34, V.90) clients and data should be chosen to support clients using ISDN-BRI or V.110. The Cyclades-PR4000 supports both digital and analog calls and can terminate both at the same time in the same trunk.
  • Page 17 CRC4, which will provide error checking. Termination at the Customer Premises The Cyclades-PR4000 supports T1 on a standard 100-Ohm RJ-48C connector and E1 on a standard 120-Ohm RJ-48C connector. In some countries, especially those using E1 lines, the termination may be provided on a Coax G703 connector (75 Ohms).

  • Page 18: Chapter 3 Using Cyros Menus

    Cyclades-PR4000 Chapter 3 Using CyROS Menus This chapter explains CyROS menu navigation and special keys. There are four ways to interact with CyROS: • Traditional menu interface using a console or Telnet session, • CyROS Management Utility based on interactive HTML pages, •...
  • Page 19 Cyclades-PR4000 [PR4000] login : super [PR4000] Password : **** Cyclades Router (Router Name) – Main Menu 1 – Config 4 – Debug Select Option ==> FIGURE 3.1 LOGIN PROMPT AND MAIN MENU All menus have the following elements: • Title – In the example in Figure 3.1: “Main Menu”.

  • Page 20: Special Keys

    Cyclades-PR4000 Pressing <Enter> without typing a new value leaves the item unchanged. Special Keys <Enter> or <Ctrl+M> These keys are used to end the input of a value. <ESC> or <Ctrl+I> These keys are used to cancel a selection or return to the previous menu. In some isolated cases, this key jumps to the next menu in a series of menus at the same level.

  • Page 21: The Cyros Management Utility

    A super-user ID and password will be requested (these are the same ID and password used with the line-terminal interface). A clickable image of the router back panel will apear, as shown in Figure 3.2. Cyros Management Utility Firmware version: Cyclades-PR4000: Cyros V_1.9.0i (Mar/28/00) #2 Configuration Menu Interface (Text Mode)
  • Page 22 Cyclades-PR4000 Global Remote Access Table Port Status Seq# Slot #2 Port#1 User Name Slot #2 Port#3 Arlt Slot #2 Port#6 Marquez Slot #2 Port#7 Neruda Slot #2 Port#10 Cervantes Slot #2 Port#11 Casares Slot #2 Port#15 Allende Slot #2 Port#17...
  • Page 23 Cyclades-PR4000 Clicking on one of the links in the Global RAS Table will provide more detailed information about the connection and the user. An example is shown in Figure 3.4. The user can be disconnected with the hangup button and the interface can be temporarily disabled by clicking on the administrative down button.
  • Page 24 Cyclades-PR4000 Returning to the CyROS Management Utility Home Page, clicking on a T1 or E1 port on the figure will display the channel details. There is a toggle button in the upper-right-hand corner which toggles between name and speed. When set to name, as shown in Figure 3.5, passing the mouse over a channel displays the username. When set to speed, it displays the carrier and speed of the connection.

  • Page 25: Operating The Front-Panel Display

    Cyclades-PR4000 Operating the Front-Panel Display The Cyclades logo appears on the front-panel display (shown in Figure 3.6) after a sucessful boot. 100Base-T Port 1 Port 2 Link Collision Ethernet 1 Ethernet 2 10Base-T 10Base-T/ 100Base-T There are 5 push buttons: 4 arrows and one menu selection button. Pressing the menu selection button displays the main menu, which contains the following options: •...

  • Page 26: Modem Overview

    Cyclades-PR4000 Modem Overview The status of each connection can be displayed by modem or by interface. Modem Order This menu item presents a screen with one box for each modem. Each row corresponds to a Modem board. When 64 modems are present, the screen will appear as in Figure 3.7. The box on the upper left is the first modem, the upper right is the eight modem, and so forth for as many modems as are installed.
  • Page 27 Cyclades-PR4000 Slot/Link Order This menu item presents a screen with one box per T1/E1 channel. Figure 3.8 shows two lines with 30 channels each. The box on the upper left is the first channel, the upper right is the eighth channel, and so forth for as many channels as are configured.

  • Page 28: Interface Overview

    Cyclades-PR4000 Interface Overview This screen presents the status of each E1/T1 interface and indicates which modem has been allocated to each channel. The ordering of the channels is the same as for the previous screen FIGURE 3.9 INTERFACE OVERVIEW SCREEN...

  • Page 29: Ip Traffic

    Cyclades-PR4000 IP Traffic After choosing the interface desired, a bar graph showing bytes per second or packets per second is displayed. It is a snapshot of the last 10 minutes of IP traffic through the interface (TX for transmitted and RX for received), with a refresh every minute.

  • Page 30: Chapter 4 Step-By-Step Instructions For Common Applications

    Cyclades-PR4000 CHAPTER 4 STEP-BY-STEP INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMMON APPLICATIONS This chapter provides detailed examples that can be used as models for similar applications. Turn to the example that is closest to your application, read the explanations, and fill in the blank spaces with parameters appropriate to your system.
  • Page 31 Cyclades-PR4000 IP Address: 100.130.130.200 Radius Server Network: 100.130.130.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Mask: 255.255.255.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PR4000 IP Addresses: 100.130.130.11 FIGURE 4.1 RAS EXAMPLE SHOWING DIAL-IN USERS...
  • Page 32 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP ONE The first step is to determine the parameters needed to configure the Fast Ethernet interface (ETH0). The parameters in the Network Protocol Menu (IP) are shown in Figure 4.2. Fill in the blanks for your application in the right-most column.
  • Page 33 Cyclades-PR4000 line using the controller. Both CAS and CCS signaling are explained. Which one is used will depend on the services offered by the telephone system. Menu CONFIG=>CONTROLLER=>T1/E1 Parameter Example Frame Mode This value is provided by the T1/E1 line provider.
  • Page 34 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP THREE It is likely that not just anyone should have access to your LAN. A Radius or Tacacs server can be used to authenticate the username and password of the incoming connection request. A Radius server is used in this example.
  • Page 35 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP FOUR The RAS Wizard can be used to set up a PPP Remote Access Server using modems or DSU/CSUs and dial-up lines. The wizard can be used for one port or a range of ports. If the Wizard is used for a range or all ports, the ports will be numbered consecutively.
  • Page 36 Cyclades-PR4000 At this point, you should create a back-up of the configuration file (in binary) and print out a listing of the configuration. Instructions for creating a back-up of the configuration file: Use the menu option ADMIN =>WRITE CONFIGURATION =>TO FTP SERVER. Fill in the IP address of the computer where the configuration file should be saved, the file name, the directory name, and the user account information.

  • Page 37: Example 2 Connection To An Internet Access Provider Via Modem

    Cyclades-PR4000 Example 2 Connection to an Internet Access Provider via Modem This section will guide you through a complete router installation for the connection of a LAN to an Internet access provider via PPP. The configuration of NAT (Network Address Translation) will also be shown. Figure 4.6 shows the example system used in this section.
  • Page 38 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP ONE The first step is to determine the parameters needed to configure the Ethernet interface (ETH0). The parameters in the Network Protocol Menu (IP) are shown in Figure 4.7. Fill in the blanks for your application in the right-most column.
  • Page 39 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP TWO No more parameters are necessary for the Ethernet interface. The other interface to be configured is the SWAN in slot 1. The SWAN physical media parameters are shown in Figure 4.8. Fill in the values for your application.
  • Page 40 Cyclades-PR4000 Parameter Example Secondary IP 0.0.0.0 for none Address Enable Dynamic Yes, because the IP address of the Local IP Address SWAN interface will be assigned dynamically. Remote IP Address Type Remote IP Address 0.0.0.0 IP MTU Use the preset value, 1500. This determines whether or not a given IP datagram is fragmented.
  • Page 41 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP FOUR The Encapsulation parameters for PPP are less straight-forward. Many of them are based on decisions that cannot be shown in a diagram. Fortunately, the choices made here will mostly affect the performance of the link, rather than whether it works or not. Fill in the parameters appropriate for your system, consulting chapter 11 of the Installation Guide for more information if necessary.
  • Page 42 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP FIVE A static route must be added to tell the router that all traffic not intended for the local LAN should be sent to the Access Provider. Chapter 12 of the Installation Guide explains static routes and other routing methods available in CyROS.
  • Page 43 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP SEVEN NAT parameters will now be determined for routing outside of the local LAN. Network Address Translation maps the local IP addresses, registered in the local address range menu below, to the one global IP address assigned by the access provider. Local IP addresses not indicated in this menu will not be translated.
  • Page 44 Cyclades-PR4000 Instructions for creating a back-up of the configuration file. Use the menu option ADMIN =>WRITE CONFIGURATION =>TO FTP SERVER. Fill in the IP address of the computer where the configuration file should be saved, the file name, the directory name, and the user account information.

  • Page 45: Chapter 5 Configuration Of The Ethernet Interface

    Cyclades-PR4000 CHAPTER 5 CONFIGURATION OF THE ETHERNET INTERFACE The PR4000 has one Ethernet 10/100Base-T interface, provided in a standard RJ-45 modular jack, which should be connected to an Ethernet hub or switch. Use a standard 10/100Base-T straight-through cable (not included).
  • Page 46 Cyclades-PR4000 Network Protocol Menu (Continued) Parameter Description Secondary IP Applies to Numbered interfaces. Indicates a second (or third, etc. up to eight) IP Address address that can be used to refer to this interface. This parameter and the next are repeated until no value is entered.

  • Page 47: Ip Bridge

    Cyclades-PR4000 IP Bridge An IP Bridge is used to divide a network without subnetting. Whenever a subnetwork is created, two IP numbers are lost — one describing the network and the other reserved for broadcast. This does not occur with an IP Bridge.

  • Page 48: Other Parameters

    Cyclades-PR4000 In Figure 5.1, an example of the use of an IP Bridge is given. From the available IP addresses, the range 200.240.240.4 to 200.240.240.8 is bridged to another physical location. The following parameters apply only for IP Bridge. Network Protocol Menu (Continued) -- (IP Bridge)

  • Page 49: Chapter 6 The Swan Interface

    Cyclades-PR4000 CHAPTER 6 THE SWAN INTERFACE This chapter describes how to configure a SWAN interface. The physical link should be set up as shown in chapter 2, according to the type of modem or device at the other end of the connection and the type of SWAN port.
  • Page 50 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP TWO The second step is to choose a data-link protocol in the Encapsulation menu. There are many encapsulation options on this interface. For synchronous communication: • Frame Relay: the Frame Relay Protocol is based on frame switching and constructs a permanent virtual circuit (PVC) between two or more points.
  • Page 51 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP FOUR If PPP Encapsulation is being used, a type of authentication should be chosen. This is done in the authentication menu. Authentication Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>AUTHENTICATION Parameter Description Authentication Type Local uses the list of users defined in CONFIG=> SECURITY=>USERS=>ADD.

  • Page 52: Chapter 7 The E1 And T1 Interfaces, Without Signaling

    Cyclades-PR4000 CHAPTER 7 THE E1 AND T1 INTERFACES, WITHOUT SIGNALING The menus relating to configuration of the E1 and T1 interfaces without signaling are given in this chapter. T1 is a standard used in the United States, Canada, and Japan. It has a clock speed of 1.5MHz and has 24 channels of 64K each.
  • Page 53 Cyclades-PR4000 The controller parameters are explained in the table that follows. Controller Menu CONFIG=>CONTROLLER=>T1/E1 Parameter Description Frame Mode T1 : ESF (Extended Super Frame, the most common) and D4 are the options. E1 : CRC4 (the most common) and Non-CRC4 are the options.
  • Page 54 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP ONE The first step in the T1/E1 configuration is the assigning of channel groups, performed in the channel groups menu shown in Figure 8.1. A brief description of the add group menu parameters is given in the table.
  • Page 55 Cyclades-PR4000 Config Channel Interface T1/E1 (if Channelized) FIGURE 7.2 E1/T1 INTERFACE CONFIGURATION MENU TREE STEP THREE There are many encapsulation options on this interface. For full T1/E1: Frame Relay, • PPP, • X.25, and • HDLC. • Chapter 7 - The E1 and T1 Interfaces, Without Signaling...
  • Page 56 Cyclades-PR4000 For channelized T1/E1: PPP and HDLC. • The Encapsulation options are described in chapter 10. STEP FOUR The Network Protocol Menu parameters must be set next. A description of these parameters appears in chapter 9. The remaining menus in Figure 7.2 are described in later chapters. Routing Protocols is the subject of chapter 11, and Traffic Control is discussed in chapter 14.

  • Page 57: Chapter 8 The E1 And T1 Interfaces, With Signaling

    Cyclades-PR4000 CHAPTER 8 THE E1 AND T1 INTERFACES, WITH SIGNALING Two varieties of signaling are available. The older mode, called CAS, and the newer mode, called CCS (which is used for ISDN-PRI). The first step in the configuration process is to configure the channels using the Controller menu.
  • Page 58 Cyclades-PR4000 Controller Menu CONFIG=>CONTROLLER=>T1/E1 Parameter Description Frame Mode T1 : ESF (Extended Super Frame, the most common) and D4 are the options. E1 : CRC4 (the most common) and Non-CRC4 are the options. T1 : B8ZS (Bipolar 8 Zero Substitution, the most common) and AMI (Alternate Mark Line Code Inversion).

  • Page 59: The Ccs Signaling Mode (Isdn-Pri)

    Cyclades-PR4000 The CCS Signaling Mode (ISDN-PRI) ISDN, the Integrated Services Digital Network, was intended to be a digital upgrade to the current analog telephone system. The ISDN discussed in this chapter is N-ISDN, where the N is for Narrow Band. A Broad Band ISDN also exists.
  • Page 60 Cyclades-PR4000 After the channel groups are defined, the ISDN line and channels must be configured. The ISDN-PRI Interface Configuration Menu tree is shown in Figure 8.3. T1/E1 Config Interface (ISDN-PRI) FIGURE 8.3 ISDN-PRI INTERFACE CONFIGURATION MENU TREE Chapter 8 - The E1 and T1 Interfaces, With Signaling...
  • Page 61 Cyclades-PR4000 The general ISDN options are explained first. ISDN General Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>T1/E1(ISDN-PRI)=>ISDN Parameter Description Main Phone # Principal phone number assigned to the ISDN trunk line. Leave this parameter blank if this number should not be confirmed by the router. This is recommended when the provider does not send the trunk line number in the incoming call message.

  • Page 62: The Cas Signaling Mode

    Cyclades-PR4000 The CAS Signaling Mode A typical application that uses CAS Signaling is shown in Figure 8.4. Integrated Application CAS Line Server Telephone Network Analog Line Analog Line Router Remote Users FIGURE 8.4 CAS APPLICATION EXAMPLE The CAS Signaling Mode does not have a menu equivalent to the CONFIG =>INTERFACE =>T1/E1(ISDN-PRI) =>ISDN menu described above.

  • Page 63: Parameters Independent Of Signaling Mode

    Cyclades-PR4000 Config E1/T1 (CAS) Interface FIGURE 8.5 CAS INTERFACE CONFIGURATION MENU TREE Parameters Independent of Signaling Mode The channel specific parameters can be set for each channel individually, for a range of channels, or for all channels. Wizards are available to automatically configure the channels for typical applications. Details appear at the end of this chapter.

  • Page 64: Multilink Options

    Cyclades-PR4000 Channel Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>T1/E1=> <CHANNEL> Menu Option Description Encapsulation Determines the data-link layer protocol to be used for this communication link. Network Protocol Provides menus for the IP and Transparent Bridge parameters, including rules to be applied to this interface.

  • Page 65: Internet Service Provider

    Cyclades-PR4000 ISDN Modem Packet Link 1 MC PPP End Point Discriminator 11:22:33:44:55:66 MC PPP IP Address (Ethernet IP Address): 200.200.200.1 MC PPP End Point Discriminator 11:22:33:44:55:66 MC PPP IP Address (Ethernet IP Address): 200.200.200.2 MC PPP End Point Discriminator 11:22:33:44:55:66 MC PPP IP Address (Ethernet IP Address): 200.200.200.3...
  • Page 66 Cyclades-PR4000 The info menu items INFO=> SHOW MCPPP LINKS and INFO=> SHOW MCPPP NEIGHBORS provide information about the PPP connections and the other RASs forming the circuit. The tool DEBUG=> MESSAGE TRACE=> MCPPP may be useful in discovering MCPPP problems. Another tool exists which must be used in the RAS containing the primary link for a given PPP connection.
  • Page 67 Cyclades-PR4000 Multilink PPP (MLPPP) is similar in functionality to the Multichassis feature. The primary difference is that all physical links reside in the same RAS/Router. It is similar to the CyROS Multilink capability described in section 4.4 of the CyROS Refrence Guide, but it is implemented at the data-link level instead of the network-protocol level.
  • Page 68 Cyclades-PR4000 Configuration of Multilink PPP (with an extension to Multichassis Multilink PPP) includes the following steps: STEP ONE The first four parameters in the PPP Menu must be defined. The PPP Menu can be reached by following the path: CONFIG =>INTERFACE => <INTERFACE or LINK> =>ENCAPSULATION =>PPP. The first parameter enables MLPPP.
  • Page 69 Cyclades-PR4000 Channel ISDN Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>T1/E1(ISDN-PRI)=> <CHANNEL> =>ISDN Channel Signaling Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>T1/E1(CAS)=> <CHANNEL> =>SIGNALING Parameter Description Connection Type Applies only for ISDN. Whether the line will be used to receive (dial-in) or send (dial-out) messages, or both. Phone # for this Applies for Dial-in, or Both.
  • Page 70 Cyclades-PR4000 Authentication Menu CONFIG =>INTERFACE =>T1/E1=> <CHANNEL> =>AUTHENTICATION Parameter Description Authentication Type Local uses the list of users defined in CONFIG=> SECURITY=>USERS=>ADD. Server uses either Radius or Tacacs to authenticate the user. Remote is when this interface is considered to be the user and the other end of the...
  • Page 71 Cyclades-PR4000 Config Interface T1/E1 <Channel> Chapter 8 - The E1 and T1 Interfaces, With Signaling Wizards TS Profile RAS Profile LAN-to-LAN Profile Copy From Channel FIGURE 8.10 WIZARDS MENU TREE Username Phone # Digital Modem Profile ID Remote IP Address...
  • Page 72 Cyclades-PR4000 Wizards Menu CONFIG =>INTERFACE =>T1/E1 => <CHANNEL> =>WIZARDS Menu Items Description TS Profile Used to create a local host Terminal Server. For CCS, the only parameter is the Username. For CAS, the parameters are the Username, the Phone Number for the channel, and the Digital Modem Profile ID.
  • Page 73 Cyclades-PR4000 The parameters automatically configured by the RAS wizard are shown in Figure 8.12. Encapsulation IP Protocol Interface Primary IP Address Subnet Mask Remote IP Address Type Remote IP Address IP MTU NAT - Address Scope ICMP Port Incoming Filter List...
  • Page 74 Cyclades-PR4000 The parameters automatically set by the Lan-to-Lan wizard are shown in Figure 8.13. Encapsulation IP Protocol Interface Primary IP Address Subnet Mask Secondary IP Address Secondary Subnet Mask Remote IP Address Type Remote IP Address IP MTU NAT - Address Scope...

  • Page 75: Chapter 9 Network Protocols

    Cyclades-PR4000 CHAPTER 9 NETWORK PROTOCOLS The second step in most interface configurations is to choose which network protocol to use and assign values to the relevant parameters. At least one of IP, Transparent Bridge, or IPX (optional, and discussed in chapter 15) must be activated.

  • Page 76: The Ip Protocol

    Cyclades-PR4000 The IP Protocol If the preset values provided by the operating system are accepted, the interface will work at a basic level. The most common options are explained in the following table. Network Protocol (IP) Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=><LINK>=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>IP Parameter...
  • Page 77 Cyclades-PR4000 Network Protocol (IP) Menu (Continued) Parameter Description IP MTU Assigns the size of the Maximum Transmission Unit for the interface. This determines whether or not a given IP datagram is fragmented. Determines the type of IP address if NAT is being used. Use Global otherwise.

  • Page 78: The Transparent Bridge Protocol

    Cyclades-PR4000 The Transparent Bridge Protocol The Transparent Bridge Protocol can be used in conjunction with either IP or IPX. A detailed explanation of its use appears in section 4.6 of the CyROS Reference Guide. Transparent Bridge Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>TRANSPARENT BRIDGE...

  • Page 79: Chapter 10 Data-Link Protocols (Encapsulation)

    Cyclades-PR4000 CHAPTER 10 DATA-LINK PROTOCOLS (ENCAPSULATION) Each encapsulation option is presented in a separate section in this chapter. Not all data-link protocols are available for all interfaces. PPP (The Point-to-Point Protocol) PPP is the only encapsulation option than can be either synchronous or asynchronous. It is important to choose between them in CONFIG =>INTERFACE =><LINK>...
  • Page 80 Cyclades-PR4000 PPP Menu (Continued) Parameter Description Disable LCP Echo LCP (Link Control Protocol) messages are normally exchanged to monitor the status Requests of the link. Disabling these messages reduces traffic, but the link then has no way of knowing if the other end is still connected.

  • Page 81: Char

    Cyclades-PR4000 CHAR The configuration of the CHAR data-link protocol is confined to one menu, CONFIG =>INTERFACE =><LINK> =>ENCAPSULATION =>CHAR. Information about all the parameters appearing in this menu is provided in the table below. Not all parameters will appear for all interfaces.

  • Page 82: Pppchar

    Cyclades-PR4000 PPPCHAR The configuration of the PPPCHAR protocol is contained in the menu CONFIG =>INTERFACE =><LINK> =>ENCAPSULATION =>PPPCHAR. The parameters for PPPCHAR are a combination of those for PPP and CHAR. See the tables describing the PPP and CHAR options for guidance in configuring this protocol.
  • Page 83 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP ONE The first step is to set the general Frame Relay parameters, those applying to all DLCs. This is done in the Frame Relay Menu. The parameters are shown in the table below. Most of these depend on the standards used by the Frame Relay Network Provider.
  • Page 84 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP TWO After configuring the general parameters, each DLC must be defined. An example will be used to demonstrate the procedure. A public Frame Relay network connecting offices in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, and Recife is shown in Figure 11.1.
  • Page 85 Cyclades-PR4000 São Paulo Network: 192.168.200.0 Router 200.1.1.1 200.1.1.2 Router Salvador Network: 192.168.203.0 FIGURE 8.1 PERMANENT VIRTUAL CIRCUITS BETWEEN OFFICES Chapter 10 - Data-Link Protocols (Encapsulation) Rio de Janeiro Network: 192.168.201.0 Router 200.1.1.4 200.1.1.3 Router Recife Network: 192.168.202.0...
  • Page 86 Cyclades-PR4000 Add DLCI Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE =><LINK> =>ENCAPS =>FRAME RELAY => <ESC> =>ADD DLCI Parameter Description DLCI Number Used to identify the DLC. This number is supplied by the Public Frame Relay network provider. The DLCIs are stored in a table which can be seen with the L command.

  • Page 87: X.25

    Cyclades-PR4000 To edit the DLCI table, use the list command (CONFIG=>INTERFACE=><LINK>=>ENCAPSULATION =>FRAME RELAY=>L) to discover the number CyROS has assigned to each table entry. It will not be the same as the DLCI. Router / DTE FIGURE 8.2 PUBLIC X.25 NETWORK EXAMPLE X.25...
  • Page 88 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP ONE First, the general X.25 protocol parameters are set in the X.25 Menu. A detailed description of the X.25 parameters and their values for the example is provided in the table below. X.25 Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=><LINK>=>ENCAPSULATION =>X.25 Parameter Description X.121 (Local DTE) Address Address assigned to this interface (provided by the public X.25 Network...
  • Page 89 Cyclades-PR4000 X.25 Menu (Continued) Parameter Description Layer 3 Window Size The layer 3 (packet) level window represents the number of sequentially numbered packets that can be sent before an acknowledgement must be received. This number may be negotiated if the Window Size Facility is utilized (see last parameter in this table).

  • Page 90: With Pad (Packet Assembler/Disassembler)

    Cyclades-PR4000 STEP TWO The next step is to create a static routing table associating each remote X.121 address with an IP address or a TCP Socket location. This is done in the Add DTE menu, which appears at the end of the X.25 parameter list. It can be reached by passing through all X.25 parameters or by using the <ESC>...

  • Page 91: Chapter 11 Routing Protocols

    Cyclades-PR4000 CHAPTER 11 ROUTING PROTOCOLS Routing Strategies Routing can be done either statically or dynamically. Static Routing Static routing is recommended when the network contains a small number of routers and other equipment. When a system is simple and without redundant links, static routing is the simplest option. Even with some redundant links, a multilink circuit can be created for semi-dynamic routing behavior.

  • Page 92: Static Routes

    Cyclades-PR4000 Static Routes Routers used in very small or simple networks may use static routes as the primary routing method. When RIP or OSPF are used, some static routes may still be needed. Configuration of static routes will be explained using two examples.
  • Page 93 Cyclades-PR4000 Slot 1 Router 1 10.0.0.3 ETH0 FIGURE 12.2 STATIC ROUTING EXAMPLE 2 Figure 12.2 shows another static routing example to explain the Gateway or Interface parameter. Between the two routers is a point-to-point connection. Another network could be created, but is not necessary. Both routers can be assigned unnumbered interfaces, because everything that leaves one router is sent to the other.
  • Page 94 Cyclades-PR4000 Add Static Route Menu CONFIG =>STATIC ROUTES =>IP =>ADD ROUTE Parameter Description Destination IP Address that route will lead to. To configure a default route, type "default" for this Address parameter, otherwise enter 0.0.0.0 in both this and the next parameter.

  • Page 95: Rip Configuration

    Cyclades-PR4000 RIP Configuration CyROS supports three basic types of RIP: 1 RIP1 [RFC 1058] 2 RIP2 with broadcast (compatible with RIP1) [RFC 1723] 3 RIP2 with multicast [RFC 1723] The primary difference between RIP1 and RIP2 is that only RIP2 advertises subnet masks and next hops. If the network contains equipment that understands only RIP1 packets, then RIP1 or RIP2 with broadcast should be used.

  • Page 96: Ospf

    Cyclades-PR4000 OSPF The OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) routing protocol is significantly more complicated than RIP. The determination of which protocol is better suited to a given network is beyond the scope of this manual. An example network using OSPF is given in Figure 12.3.

  • Page 97: Ospf Configuration On The Interface

    Cyclades-PR4000 First, some definitions: • An Autonomous System (AS) is a portion of the network that will use a single routing strategy. It is made up of a backbone area and optionally of non-backbone areas. • OSPF Areas are sub-systems that have identical routing databases. An area generally has no knowledge of the routing databases of other areas.
  • Page 98 Cyclades-PR4000 OSPF Menu (continued) External Metric Defines the metric that will be advertised by OSPF. External Metric Type For Type 1 , the total metric of this route is composed of the internal metric (inside the autonomous system) and the external metric (provided in the previous parameter). For Type 2 , the total metric of this route is the value provided in the previous parameter.

  • Page 99: Ospf Global Configurations

    Cyclades-PR4000 OSPF Global Configurations STEP THREE After completing the OSPF interface configuration for all interfaces (even those that will not use OSPF), navigate to the OSPF Menu, CONFIG=>IP=>OSPF. Enter into the OSPF Global Commands menu and set the parameters as indicated in the table below.
  • Page 100 Cyclades-PR4000 OSPF Global Commands (Continued) Parameter Description RIP External Metric- Applies when Advertise RIP routes is set to Yes . For Type 1 , the total metric of this Type route is composed of the internal metric (inside the autonomous system) and the external metric (provided in the previous parameter).
  • Page 101 Cyclades-PR4000 Area Menu (continued) Area Range N Status An Area Border Router (ABR) advertises link states for all networks within the area. The number of such advertisements can potentially be reduced by condensing different IP networks into a single range.
  • Page 102 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP SIX It is not always possible to connect all areas directly to the backbone. When an area is connected to the backbone only through another area, two virtual links must be created. One from the backbone to the unattached area and one from the unattached area to the backbone.

  • Page 103: Bgp-4 Configuration

    Cyclades-PR4000 BGP-4 Configuration The BGP-4 routing protocol is used for routing on the Internet, performed between Autonomous Systems (ASs). An autonomous system is defined as: · A set of routers and networks under the same administration. · An interconnected network, where no router is reachable solely through a path exterior to the AS Each AS is identified by a 16-bit AS number.
  • Page 104 Cyclades-PR4000 The last option is to aggregate the addresses contained in the local autonomous system in order to present an aggregated route to the outside world. This is done in the last step. 8. Aggregate the addresses contained in the AS.
  • Page 105 Cyclades-PR4000 CONFIG=>IP=>BGP4=>GLOBAL Parameter Description BGP4 Protocol Activates the protocol. Local AS Number This number is assigned by the service provider. Router Identifier Usually the same as the Router ID, one of the interface IP addresses Cluster Identifier Only used when this router is used as a router reflector.
  • Page 106 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP TWO The neighbor menu identifies the routers inside and outside the AS that will communicate with the router via BGP- 4. Each update message exchanged between routers contains path attributes. How these path attributes are manipulated by the router when routes are received or sent to each neighbor is determined here.
  • Page 107 Cyclades-PR4000 CONFIG=>IP=>BGP4=>NEIGHBOR=>ADD (continued) Keepalive Interval between keepalive messages sent to this neighbor. Connection Retry When a connection with this neighbor is broken, the router try to reconnect with Time frequency 1 divided by the Connection Retry Time. Start Time Time delay before router tries to connect Incoming Distribution Applies a distribution access list to update messages received from this neighbor.
  • Page 108 Cyclades-PR4000 PR3000 ......FIGURE 12.5 MULTIPLE ROUTES CONTAINING AS 5 CONFIG=>IP=>BGP4=>ACCESS LIST=>ADD Parameter Description Access List Name Name assigned to list, to indicate which interface and direction it applies to. A typical name for the example is from_two_p.
  • Page 109 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP FOUR An access list needs at least one rule. The example in Figure 12.6 shows three access lists, each one with several rules. Each neighbor can be assigned up to 6 access lists, as seen in step 2.
  • Page 110 Cyclades-PR4000 CONFIG=>IP=>BGP4=>ACCESS LIST=>CONFIGURE RULES=><ACCESS LIST NAME> =>ADD Parameter Description Rule Status Enables the rule. Scope See explanation of this parameter in step 3. Rule AS Position Applies only for Access List Type equal to AS Path. Limits the search on AS number to a particular position in the route.
  • Page 111 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP SIX A route map can either apply to all routes not discarded by the access lists, as shown in Figure 12.6, or to routes filtered by a particular access list, as shown in Figure 12.7. Access list popeye_path type AS Path FIGURE 12.7 ROUTE MAP ASSOCIATED WITH AN ACCESS LIST...
  • Page 112 Cyclades-PR4000 CONFIG=>IP=>BGP4=>ROUTE MAP=>ADD Parameter Description Route Map Number Identifies the route map Sequence Number Identifies the sequence within the route map. The numbers need not be consecutive. Match List Name Associates an access list with this sequence, as shown in the figure above.
  • Page 113 Cyclades-PR4000 CONFIG=>IP=>BGP4=>AGGREGATE ADDRESSES=>ADD Parameter Description Number An ID for reference. Address The aggregated address. In the example, 200.50.50.0. Mask (bitlen) The mask for the aggregated address. In the example, 23. AS Set Yes causes the route to be tagged with the AS Set path attribute. Otherwise, the AS Sequence path attribute is assigned.

  • Page 114: Chapter 12 Cyros, The Operating System

    Cyclades-PR4000 CHAPTER 12 CYROS, THE OPERATING SYSTEM This chapter explains various operating system features that are not covered in other chapters: • creation of the host table • creation of user accounts and passwords • IP Accounting Creation of the host table CyROS allows identification of hosts by name.
  • Page 115 Cyclades-PR4000 Other users can be created and the user “usr” can be assigned a password. The password of the super user should be changed as soon as possible. The menu CONFIG=>SECURITY=>USERS allows addition, deletion, and modification of the list of users. The parameters are: •...

  • Page 116: Ip Accounting

    Cyclades-PR4000 The super user has access to all menus. The usr user is shown a menu, upon sucessful login, with the items chosen in the user’s profile. The pppauto user is connected directly to the user via PPP. No menu appears. The auto user is connected via telnet directly to the host specified as host 1 in the user profile.

  • Page 117: Chapter 13 Nat (Network Address Translation)

    Cyclades-PR4000 CHAPTER 13 NAT (NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION) NAT exists to convert local IP addresses into Internet “global” IP addresses. Internet IP addresses are assigned by Internet providers. Due to the explosion of the internet, these numbers are scarce. Certain ranges of IP addresses are reserved for internal use only —...
  • Page 118 Cyclades-PR4000 There are two types of NAT available in CyROS -- Normal NAT and Expanded NAT. This chapter describes Expanded NAT. A description of Normal NAT appears in Chapter 4 of the CyROS Reference Guide. What is the difference between Expanded and Normal Mode NAT? The Normal Mode is a previous implementation of NAT used in the Power Router line.

  • Page 119: Types Of Address Translation

    Cyclades-PR4000 NAT Static Translation Table Global address 200.240.230.225 / 200.240.230.225 / 200.240.230.225 / Types of Address Translation In dynamic address translation, a pool of global IP addresses is loosely related to a pool of local IP addresses. Mapping of one onto the other is done dynamically whenever a computer on the local network requests a connection to the external network.
  • Page 120 Cyclades-PR4000 An overview of the NAT menu is shown in the table below. NAT Menu CONFIG =>SECURITY =>NAT Menu Option Description General Parameters for enabling NAT and choosing the NAT Mode. Also includes port translation option. Global Address The first and last IP addresses in the range. In the example, these numbers are 200.240.230.225 and 200.240.230.238.
  • Page 121 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP TWO The parameters in the Timeout Menu are explained in more detail below. The preset values should be appropriate for most applications. Timeout and Options Menu CONFIG =>SECURITY =>NAT =>TIMEOUT AND OPTIONS Parameter Description UDP Timeout Inactivity time required before a UDP translation is removed from the translation table.
  • Page 122 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP FOUR If static translations are to be performed, as described in the example, the parameters in the Static Translation Menu must be set. A brief explanation of each parameter is given in the table. Static Translation Menu CONFIG =>SECURITY =>NAT =>STATIC TRANSLATION => ADD ENTRY...

  • Page 123: Chapter 14 Rules And Filters

    Cyclades-PR4000 CHAPTER 14 RULES AND FILTERS There are four basic types of rules: 1 IP filter rules, 2 Radius rules (actually a combination of previously defined IP filter rules), 3 traffic control rules, and 4 transparent bridge rules (similar to IP filter rules, but for applications that use a transparent bridge).
  • Page 124 Cyclades-PR4000 Config Rules List FIGURE 12.1 THE RULES LIST MENU TREE Chapter 14 - Filters and Rules Add Rule List Edit Rule List Same as Add Rule List Configure Rules Rule List Name Add Rule Delete Rule Clear Rule List...
  • Page 125 Cyclades-PR4000 Exterior Router Slot 1 ETH0 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.3 Bastion Host 10.0.0.0 Figure 12.2 will be used to show how both an exterior router and an interior router would be configured using the filters available in CyROS. Chapter 14 - Filters and Rules Perimeter Network 192.168.0.0...
  • Page 126 Cyclades-PR4000 Exterior Router The exterior router is the network’s first defense against attacks. For this reason, it is reasonable to prohibit all packets except for those explicitly allowed. This is done by choosing the Default Scope to be Deny . Thus, ALL desired traffic must be expressly allowed by the rules in the rule list.
  • Page 127 Cyclades-PR4000 Steps necessary to activate filtering on the exterior router in the example: 1 There are two interfaces with two directions each. Filtering on link 1 requires the creation of two rule lists, called exterior_in and exterior_out. Create them using the menu CONFIG =>RULES LIST =>IP =>ADD RULE LIST and the following parameters:...
  • Page 128 Cyclades-PR4000 The configuration for “Let e-mail in” is shown in the following figure (obtained by selecting CONFIG =>RULES LIST =>IP =>L in the menus): Rules Lists Rule List Name Rule Status exterior_in Enabled exterior_out Enabled Filter_list Name exterior_in Rule 0...
  • Page 129 Cyclades-PR4000 Filter_list Name exterior_out Rule 0 Status Scope Protocol Source IP Operator Source IP start Source IP Mask Destination IP Operator Source Port Operator Source Port Start Destination Port Operator Destination Port Start TCP connections allowed Account Process allowed FIGURE 12.4 OUTPUT FOR IP FILTERING EXAMPLE Interior Router If an interior router exists in the network, the administrator may decide to use a Default Scope of Permit .
  • Page 130 Cyclades-PR4000 FIGURE 12.5 PERMIT DEFAULT SCOPE The configuration for “Stop forged packets” is shown in the following listing: Chapter 14 - Filters and Rules Stop Forged Packets Don’t Allow Access to News Stop Telnets From the Outside (Except Bastion Host)
  • Page 131 Cyclades-PR4000 Rules Lists Rule List Name Rule Status slot1_in Enabled Filter_list Name slot1_in Rule 0 Status Scope Protocol Source IP Operator Source IP start Source IP Mask Destination IP Operator Source Port Operator Destination Port Operator TCP connections allowed Account Process allowed Slot1_in, rule 0, prohibits any incoming packets with source IP addresses of the internal network.

  • Page 132: Traffic Rule Lists

    Cyclades-PR4000 Traffic Rule Lists There are three kinds of traffic rules that can be configured in CyROS. The first two determine a division of bandwidth for traffic flowing out of the router: 1 Traffic Shaping (the division of bandwidth is strictly adhered to), 2 Bandwidth Reservation (the division with the larger priority can steal bandwidth from the others), An example showing the first two types is given in figure 12.6.
  • Page 133 Cyclades-PR4000 The third determines which services have priority flowing through the router: 3 Service Prioritization. An Internet provider has three clients connected to the same router. Client A is larger and without traffic control would overwhelm the router to the exclusion of Clients B and C. The administrator decides to divide the flow out of the router (to the Internet) into three portions: 50% guaranteed for Client A, and the rest divided equally between Clients B and C.
  • Page 134 Cyclades-PR4000 Rules Lists Rule List Name traffic_1 Filter_list Name traffic_1 Rule 0 Status Flow priority Rule bandwidth Bandwidth priority Protocol Source IP Operator Source IP start Source IP Mask Destination IP Operator Source Port Operator Destination Port Operator Chapter 14 - Filters and Rules...
  • Page 135 Cyclades-PR4000 Rule 1 Status Flow Priority Rule bandwidth Bandwidth priority Protocol Source IP Operator Source IP start Source IP Mask Destination IP Operator Source Port Operator Destination Port Operator Rule 2 Status Flow Priority Rule bandwidth Bandwidth priority Protocol Source IP Operator...
  • Page 136 Cyclades-PR4000 prioritize the access to his web server. He also wants to prioritize e-mail sent by his SMTP server, but the priority should be lower. All other traffic should have the lowest priority. For web server access, the important flow direction is not the user requests, but rather the data requested.
  • Page 137 Cyclades-PR4000 The configured rules will appear as shown in the following listing. Note that for this type of traffic control, of the traffic-specific parameters only Flow Priority is used. The Reserved Bandwidth and Bandwidth Priority parameters are not important. A system needing all three is conceivable, but much too complicated to show in this manual.

  • Page 138: Chapter 15 Ipx (Internetwork Packet Exchange)

    Cyclades-PR4000 CHAPTER 15 IPX (INTERNETWORK PACKET EXCHANGE) IPX is an alternative to IP, proprietary to Novell. When IPX is activated, many new menus appear to allow configuration of this type of network. IP and IPX can both be active in the router simultaneously, and an interface can have both IP and IPX traffic passing through it.

  • Page 139: Enabling Ipx

    Cyclades-PR4000 Enabling IPX The first step is to activate the IPX feature in the router. This is accomplished using the menu option ADMIN =>ENABLE FEATURES => IPX. The IPX protocol must also be activated in the menu CONFIG =>IPX => GENERAL.

  • Page 140: X.25

    Cyclades-PR4000 The parameter Send SAP Update can be set to Demand, Periodic, or None. This parameter affects both SAP and RIP. Periodic causes the router to send these messages every minute, while choosing Demand will cause the router to send messages only when a message request is received.

  • Page 141: The Sap (Service Advertisement Protocol) Table

    Cyclades-PR4000 The routing table is displayed by the menu option INFO => SHOW ROUTING TABLE => IPX. For the example, and using only the static route created above, the routing table appears as in Figure 13.2. Destination Interface/ Subinterface/ Remote address...

  • Page 142: Chapter 16 Virtual Private Network Configuration

    Cyclades-PR4000 CHAPTER 16 VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK CONFIGURATION The Virtual Private Network utility can be used on any link using IP routing. It is used to provide greater security between two or more networks connected through a public communications network. The basic concepts are presented in Figure 14.1.
  • Page 143 Cyclades-PR4000 An example showing a local security network and two remote security networks is shown in Figure 14.2. The PR4000 in the local security network will be configured step by step. (Which network is considered local and which network is considered remote depends on the router being configured.) STEP ONE The Virtual Private Network Utility must be Enabled in the ADMIN =>ENABLE FEATURES =>VPN menu before it...
  • Page 144 Cyclades-PR4000 LOCAL SECURITY NETWORK IP: 1 0.0.0.0 RSG3 - Remote Security Gateway Router Link 2 IP: 190.190.190.1 ..ETH0 ....PR3000 Router IP Address: 190.190.190.1 FIGURE 14.2 VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK EXAMPLE Chapter 16 - Virtual Private Network Configuration...
  • Page 145 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP THREE Use the menu item INFO =>SHOW ROUTING TABLE to confirm that the other Remote Security Gateways (RSGs), and all the networks included in the Remote Security Networks, are reachable. In the example, this would require that all of the following appear in RSG3’s routing table: RSG1 router IP address: 9.9.9.1...
  • Page 146 Cyclades-PR4000 STEP SIX Now, the Remote Security Networks must be defined. This is done in the CONFIG =>SECURITY =>VPN =>REMOTE IP NETWORKS =>ADD NETWORK menu. The IP address and network mask must be defined for all remote devices to be included in the remote network for VPN communication. The Remote Security Gateway IP address (set in step five) must also be given for each network.

  • Page 147: Appendix A Troubleshooting

    Cyclades-PR4000 APPENDIX A TROUBLESHOOTING What to Do if the Login Screen Does Not Appear When Using a Console. 1 Check the configuration of the terminal. The correct values are given in chapter 2. 2 Check to see if the router booted correctly. Before the login screen appears, boot messages should appear on the screen.

  • Page 148: What To Do If The Router Does Not Work Or Stops Working

    Cyclades-PR4000 What to Do if the Router Does Not Work or Stops Working. 1 Check that the cables are connected correctly and firmly. 2 Confirm that the Link LED is lit for the (Fast) Ethernet Port being used, indicating proper Ethernet cable termination.

  • Page 149: Testing The Ethernet Interface

    Cyclades-PR4000 4 Make sure any external modem, DSU/CSU, or interface equipment is properly connected and that the interface configuration is correct. Many cables have the same connector, but are not interchangeable. 5 Make sure that the line (T1 or E1) is active. The menu command INFO=>SHOW STATUS will show the status of each channel.

  • Page 150: Testing The Wan Interface

    Cyclades-PR4000 Pinging the router from a host on the network should give similar results. If the test fails, confirm that the link LED on the front panel is lit and that the IP Address and Subnet Mask parameters in the Network Protocol menu are correct for the network to which the router is attached.
  • Page 151 Cyclades-PR4000 Use of a Cross Cable for Testing T1/E1 Ports and Modems Two tests can be performed with the cross cable: one tests the two T1/E1 ports while the other tests the 2 ports and the modems. The pin diagram of the cross cable is shown in Appendix B. Before starting the tests, connect the two T1/E1 ports using the cross cable.

  • Page 152: How To Test The Modems

    Cyclades-PR4000 Let the test run for at least 1 minute. If both slots show no errors, the test was sucessful. How to Test the Modems 1. In the CyROS main menu, choose the following menu options: DEBUG=> HARDWARE TEST=>DSP TEST.
  • Page 153 Cyclades-PR4000 Errored Seconds: first line->0; second line->0 link Slot The Conn column often shows a NOK for a few modems each test due to the short timeout value. After a few tests, the NOKs should dissapear. Appendix A - Troubleshooting...
  • Page 154 Cyclades-PR4000 Let the test run for a while. After typing <ESC> to end the tests, CyROS will compile a summary of the data similar to the following: * * * * * F I N A L S T A T I S T I C S * * * * *...

  • Page 155: Appendix B. Hardware Specifications

    Cyclades-PR4000 APPENDIX B. HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS General Specifications The Cyclades-PR4000 power requirements, environmental conditions and physical specifications are listed in the table below. Power Requirements Input voltage range Input frequency range Power (base unit) Environmental Conditions Operating temperature Relative humidity Altitude...

  • Page 156: External Interfaces

    Cyclades-PR4000 External Interfaces Console Port An RS-232 DTE port is provided for communication with a configuration terminal. A maximum speed of 115.2kbps is supported on this port. Use a straight-through cable to connect to DCE devices (modems, for example). Use a cross-cable to connect to a DTE device (terminal, host computer, etc).

  • Page 157: Ethernet Port

    Cyclades-PR4000 Ethernet Port The PR3000 Ethernet port meets IEEE I802.3 physical specifications. It provides a single Ethernet interface and supports 10Base-T (Unshielded Twisted Pair) on a standard RJ-45 female connector. FIGURE B.2 ETHERNET PORT - RJ-45 FEMALE CONNECTOR Appendix B - Hardware Specifications...

  • Page 158: T1 And E1

    Cyclades-PR4000 T1 and E1 Both the T1 and E1 interfaces use an 8-pin RJ-48C female connector. FIGURE B.3 T1 OR E1 - RJ-48C FEMALE CONNECTOR Appendix B - Hardware Specifications T1/E1 Interface Signal RXTIP RXRING N.C. TXTIP TXRING N.C. N.C.

  • Page 159: Cables

    Cyclades-PR4000 Cables Please refer to chapter 2, What is in the Box , to see which cables are provided with the PR4000 and which cables are optional. Straight-Through Cable DB-25 Male Cyclades Router Signal TxClk_DTE RxClk TxClk_DCE FIGURE B.4 PINOUT DIAGRAM OF THE STRAIGHT CABLE - DB-25 MALE TO DB-25 MALE...

  • Page 160: Cross Cable

    Cyclades-PR4000 Cross Cable TxD V.35 + (B) RxD V.35 + (B) TxD V.35 - (A) RxD V.35 - (A) TxClk_DTE (A) TxClk_DCE TxClk_DTE V.35 + (B) RxClk V.35 + (B) TxClk DCE V.35 - (B) TxClk_DTE V.35 - (A) RxClk V.35 - (A) TxClk DCE V.35 - (A)

  • Page 161: Router-Md / V.35 Cable

    Cyclades-PR4000 Router-MD / V.35 Cable DB-25 Male DB-25 Male FIGURE B.6 ROUTER MD / V.35 CABLE - DB-25 MALE TO DB-25 MALE Appendix B - Hardware Specifications DB-25 Male Cyclades Router Signal Pin PGnd TxD/V.35 (B) TxD/V.35 (A) RxD/V.35 (B) RxD/V.35 (A)

  • Page 162: Db-25 To M.34 Adapter

    Cyclades-PR4000 DB-25 to M.34 Adapter Female Retention Screw Retention Female Retention Screw Appendix B - Hardware Specifications DB-25 Female Signal PGnd Male TxD/V.35 (B) TxD/V.35 (A) Screw RxD/V.35 (B) RxD/V.35 (A) TxClk_DTE/V.35 (B) TxClk_DTE/V.35 (A) TxClk_DCE/V.35 (B) TxClk_DCE/V.35 (A) RxClk V.35 (A) RxClk V.35 (B)

  • Page 163: Cross Cable For Testing The T1/E1 Ports

    Cyclades-PR4000 Cross Cable for Testing the T1/E1 Ports Please see appendix A for a description of the use of this cable. RxRing 2 TxRing 5 FIGURE B.8 PINOUT DIAGRAM OF THE CROSS CABLE FOR TESTS, RJ-48C MALE TO RJ-48C MALE...

  • Page 164: Iso 2110 Standard Cable

    Cyclades-PR4000 ISO 2110 Standard Cable DB-25 Male DB-25 Male FIGURE B.9 PINOUT DIAGRAM OF THE ISO 2110 STANDARD CABLE- DB-25 MALE TO DB-25 MALE Appendix B - Hardware Specifications DB-25 Male Cyclades Router Signal Pin PGnd TxD/V.35 (B) TxD/V.35 (A) RxD/V.35 (B)

  • Page 165: E1 / Db-15 Cable

    Cyclades-PR4000 E1 / DB-15 Cable RJ-45 M B. 10 PINOUT OF THE E1 / DB-15 CABLE - RJ-45 MALE TO DB-15 MALE Appendix B - Hardware Specifications DB-15 Male...

  • Page 166: Appendix C Configuration Without A Console

    Cyclades-PR4000 APPENDIX C CONFIGURATION WITHOUT A CONSOLE When a terminal or PC is not available for use as a console, the router has a special feature that allows configuration of the Ethernet interface from any PC on the LAN. The router “adopts” the destination IP address of the first non- UDP packet received from the LAN and accepts the connection.

  • Page 167: Appendix D Installation Of Additional Digital Modems

    Cyclades-PR4000 APPENDIX D INSTALLATION OF ADDITIONAL DIGITAL MODEMS The purpose of this appendix is to describe the correct procedure for the installation of the digital modem board in the PR4000. When the PR4000 is purchased with modems, the modems are installed at the factory. This chapter should be read ONLY when modems are purchased at a later date.
  • Page 168 Cyclades-PR4000 Step Four: Attach the wrist-strap to your wrist. Step Five: Remove the PR4000’s cover. Be careful to not touch any components inside the PR4000’s case, as they also can be damaged by static electricity. LCD Display_ 100Base-T Port 1...
  • Page 169 Cyclades-PR4000 Step Six: Open the clamps on the slot where the board will be installed, as shown in the figure. Clamp Slot The slots are numbered from 0 to 7. The software does not depend on the board being installed in a particular slot, but installing the first board in slot 0, the second in slot 1, and so on makes the installation of each succeeding board easier.
  • Page 170 Cyclades-PR4000 Step Eight: Insert the board carefully into the slot, aligning the indentations in the board with the guides of the slot. Forcing the board or pushing it in at an angle can damage the board and the slot. Step Nine: Push the board into the slot until the clamps close around the board.
  • Page 171 Cyclades-PR4000 Step Ten: Replace the PR4000’s cover and replace the screws. Now you can remove the wrist-strap. Step Eleven: Reconnect the PR4000’s cables, including the console cable. Start up the terminal program used to access the PR4000. Plug in the power cable and turn the PR4000 on. When the PR4000 boots, the following messages should appear (two boards are shown in this example): DSP Cards Detected .

  • Page 172: Index

    Cyclades-PR4000 Bandwidth Reservation 132 Cables console 13 SWAN 14 CAS Signaling Mode 62 CCS Signaling Mode 59 Connection to an Internet Access Provider Cyclades ftp site 11 telephones 11 CyROS menus 18 what is...? 8 Dialing Method 17 Download of the router configuration 36...
  • Page 173 Cyclades-PR4000 Radius Server 34 Reserved IP Addresses 117 interface configuration 95 Routing Protocol RIP, see RIP Rules Lists 123 Run Configuration 20 Saving Changes to flash 20 to flash at a later time 20 to run configuration 20 Service Prioritization 133...
  • Page 174 Cyclades Australia Phone: +61 7 3279 4320 Fax: +61 7 3279 4393 www.au.cyclades.com Cyclades Philippines Phone: (632) 813-0353 Fax: (632) 655-2610 www.ph.cyclades.com Cyclades UK Phone: +44 1724 277179 Fax: +44 1724 279981 www.uk.cyclades.com Cyclades Corporation 41829 Albrae Street Fremont, CA 94538 - USA Phone: (510) 770-9727 Fax: (510) 770-0355 www.cyclades.com...

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