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Fusion instruments APDCAM-10G User Manual

Digital avalanche photodiode camera with 10 gbit digital interface
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APDCAM-10G User's Guide
APDCAM-10G
Digital Avalanche Photodiode camera
with 10 Gbit digital interface
User's Guide
Version 1.13
Date: 16 March, 2017
FUSION Instruments Kft.
Budapest, Hungary
www.fusioninstruments.com
sales@fusioninstruments.com
Copyright © Fusion Instruments Kft. 2014-2017
Page 1/62

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  • Page 1 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide APDCAM-10G Digital Avalanche Photodiode camera with 10 Gbit digital interface User’s Guide Version 1.13 Date: 16 March, 2017 FUSION Instruments Kft. Budapest, Hungary www.fusioninstruments.com sales@fusioninstruments.com Copyright © Fusion Instruments Kft. 2014-2017 Page 1/62...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide CONTENTS Using this document ....................3 Overview ........................4 2.1. The APDCAM family ..................4 2.2. Overview of APDCAM-10G ................4 System components ....................7 Using APDCAM ....................... 10 4.1. Operating environment ..................10 4.2. Power connection ....................10 4.3.

  • Page 3: Using This Document

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide 1. Using this document This manual is intended for users of the APDCAM-10G avalanche photodiode cam- era. As a start users should read sections 2-4 as it gives a brief introduction to system capabilities and operation. Section 5 contains a reference manual which is intended for advanced users and pro- grammers.

  • Page 4: Overview

    APDCAM uses one 4x8 pixel detector and connects to the computer via 1 Gbit Ether- net, while APDCAM-10G can use up to 4 detector matrices, that is 32 to 128 pixels. Dif- ferent arrangements are possible: 8x8, 4x16, 4x32, 8x16 all using the same 10 Gbit Ethernet interface.
  • Page 5 Internal fixed divider or external TTL input Clock base Internal 20 MHz or external Table 1. Technical specifications of APDCAM-10G, part 1. Temperature range depends on ambient temperature. Standard setting. Sensitivity and bandwidth can be specified at order time. Selection affects noise level.
  • Page 6 Power input 19-24 V DC, max. 180 W Size (W,H,D) 32x22x27 cm Camera mechanical dimensions Size (L,W,H) 497*160*185 mm Weight without power supply 8 kg Table 2. Technical specifications of APDCAM-10G, part 2. Weight depends on order options Page 6/62...

  • Page 7: System Components

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide 3. System components The APDCAM-10G system consists of the camera, the power supply unit and a mains adaptor as shown in Fig. 1. The mains adaptor is a high-power laptop power supply or it can be substituted by any suitable 19-24 V DC power supply.
  • Page 8 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Reset but- Trigger External External clock in sample External clock out Trigger Optional IO signals Figure 2. Connectors and indicators on the backside of the camera. Page 8/62...
  • Page 9 These are the (optional) SMA connections to the optical fibres in- nectors stalled in the detector head. Optical receiver These modules can be used for fibre connections to/from trigger and clock signals. Table 3. List of controls, connectors and LED indicators of APDCAM-10G. Page 9/62...

  • Page 10: Using Apdcam

    APDCAM-10G is a highly sensitive instrument, therefore some effort might be need- ed in the setup to minimise noise pick up by the camera. Although APDCAM-10G is housed in a grounded Aluminium enclosure and the detector and analog amplifiers are housed in an additional Faraday shield strong environmental electrical noise sources might cause disturbances in the signals.

  • Page 11: Pc Communication

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide 4.4. PC communication APDCAM-10G can be connected to a PC using a pair of optical fibres. The fibre type is determined by the optical transceiver module present in the camera. In the standard cases for short range communication 62.5/125 micron multimode fibre is used, while for long range single mode fibre is necessary.

  • Page 12: Mechanical Interface

    There might be other settings depending to the local firewall policy. 4.5. Mechanical interface APDCAM-10G has an Aluminum frame structure built onto the base plate. The detec- tors and analogue electronics are housed in a solid aluminum Faraday shield. The best fixing option is to use the threaded fixing holes at the bottom of the camera.

  • Page 13: The Detector And Its Operation

    (Other fibres and connectors are also available on request.) Due to the large detector size standard APDCAM-10G is not equipped with any com- mercial lens mount. The front face of the camera contains some fixing holes where cus- tom mounting elements can be bolted.
  • Page 14 This is very useful in combination with the internal trigger mode, as APDCAM-10G can trigger itself on the incoming light signal of any pixel. The camera can also produce an output trigger on the back plate connector when the output is started.

  • Page 15: Apdcam-10G Reference Manual

    5.1. System Overview The block scheme of APDCAM-10G is shown in Figure 4. The system has a modu- lar design: it may contain 1-4 32 channel blocks. Each block contains an S8550 detector, a 32 channel amplifier board with digital offset adjustment and a 32 channel Analog to Digital Converter (ADC).

  • Page 16: Detector And Analog Electronics

    Each S8550 detector has 32 identical Avalanche Photodiode elements (pixels) con- nected to a common positive bias voltage. Up to 4 such 32 channel detectors can be in- stalled in APDCAM-10G. Different layouts are shown in Appendix B while mapping between pixels and ADC channels is shown in Appendix C.
  • Page 17 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide The detector can be overloaded if high input light level is applied while the bias volt- age is on. Although the detector and electronics is protected against overload, under the most unfavourable conditions about 1W heat can be generated in the detector which might result in damage if present for an extensive time.

  • Page 18: Communication To The Host Pc

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide nents, therefore a rough estimation of the light level and required bandwidth is necessary at manufacturing time. The high sensitivity amplifiers and the detector bias current can cause some drift in the signal DC level. In order to compensate for this the analog electronics is equipped with a DC offset setting circuit which can be set for each channel individually in the data acqui- sition unit.

  • Page 19: Data Acquisition

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide network components don’t allow jumbo packets therefore it is advisable to connect the camera directly to the host. The 10Gbit link also imposes a speed limit for data acquisi- tion as typically 8 Gbit/s effective bandwidth is available. This matches the internal limit of 2 or 4 Gbit/s per ADC unit, depending on 2 or 4 ADC units therefore the 10Gbit link does not pose an effective speed limit.

  • Page 20: Clock And Sample

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide industry standard SATA cable(s) to the 10 Gbit communication and timing unit. In 128 channel systems each ADC block uses one SATA cable, while in 64 channel systems 2 SATA cables are used per ADC block (dual SATA mode), which enables higher speed.

  • Page 21: Digital Filter And Bit Resolution Reduction

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide enables one to trigger APDCAM when a light signal arrives. The actual start of the data storage can also be delayed from the trigger event, the timing with ringbuffer and trigger delay is shown in Fig. 7.
  • Page 22 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide used h is 1, all the others are 0. These h coefficients should be normalised by their sums and multiplied by (4096-c)/8 to yield the coefficients of the FIR filter: COEFF_0i = (4096-COEFF_06)/8, i=1...5.   The two last coefficients should always have the same value: COEFF_07 = 0, COEFF_08=9.

  • Page 23: Offset Control

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Figure 9. Simulated frequency transfer functions of the filter cases listed in Table 7. Filter coefficients for some selected cases.Table 7 . 5.4.4. Offset control The sensitive analog amplifiers or the detector leakage current can cause a drift in the detector offset voltage.

  • Page 24: Control Unit

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide 5.5. Control unit The Control unit fulfils the following tasks:  Detector bias voltage setting.  Detector temperature control.  Shutter open/close (optional).  Calibration light setting.  Temperature measurements.  Fan control  Analog power control The operating parameters of the Control unit can be found in its register table listed in Appendix F.

  • Page 25: Shutter And Calibration Light

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide controlled. The weight factors of this can be set in the PID_P, PID_I, PID_D registers. For strongly different temperature settings these might need to be modified from the fac- tory default. The actual Peltier current can be read in PELTIER_OUT. The operation of the temperature control can be suspended if all three PID_x registers are filled with 0.
  • Page 26 50 hexadecimal). It is followed by a 15-character user-defined string (User Text). not interpreted by the camera. V (version number) must be 0x03. A list of instructions is shown in Appendix G. Figure 10. UPD packet format for communication with the APDCAM-10G camera through the 10Gbit Ethernet interface. Page 26/62...

  • Page 27: Data Output

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide 5.6.2. Data output Measurement data is also sent in UDP packets to the PC. The 10G card collects data from the ADC blocks and sends each data stream (all data from one 32 channel ADC module) to a (different) port number. (Optionally it can also send to different hosts.) The stream data format is shown in Fig.
  • Page 28 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide ber of enabled channels is shown in the table below. These values can also be read from the BPSCHx registers of the ADC module. Number of Resolution channels 8-bit 12-bit 14-bit enabled Table. 6. Bit size of one 8-channel sample block.

  • Page 29: Troubleshooting

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide 6. Troubleshooting This section describes some common problems and their solutions. Signals are oscillating or clamped at min/max of measurement range If the detector bias voltages are not on the amplifiers oscillate or clamp. Set a min- imum of 300 V detector bias voltage.

  • Page 30: Order Options

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide 7. Order options APDCAM 1G specification sheet Option Value Comment Head version 4x16, 4x32, 8x16,8x8 LED arrangement Drawing Maximum 5 Number of optical fibres 1...4 Yes: Camera can operate in magnetic Magnetic field hardening Yes/No fields up to 100 mT.

  • Page 31: Appendix A: Mechanical Dimensions

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Appendix A: Mechanical dimensions Main external dimensions of APDCAM-10G are shown below. All dimensions are in Figure A-1. Mechanical layout of APDCAM-10G. Page 31/62...

  • Page 32: Appendix B: Detector Geometries

    0.3 mm. Similar tolerances are encountered in the location of the detector pixels relative to the casing pins. As in APDCAM-10G the detector pins are at fixed location there is about 0.3 mm tolerance in the location of the pixels.
  • Page 33 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Figure B-3. shows the layout and dimensions of a typical 4x16 pixel APDCAM-10G head. The arrangement of LEDs and optical fibres might be different in an actual camera as the 5 LEDs and maximum 4 optical fibres might be installed into any of the 6 LED and 6 fibre positions.

  • Page 34: Appendix C: Mapping Between Apd Pixels And Adc Channels

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Appendix C: Mapping between APD pixels and ADC channels Pixels are always numbered from the upper left corner. The first number is the row, the second is column. The table layouts follow the pixel layout if looking onto the detec- tor from the front of the camera.
  • Page 35 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide 8x16 pixel version (mod 1) 10,1 10,2 10,3 10,4 10,5 10,6 10,7 10,8 11,1 11,2 11,3 11,4 11,5 11,6 11,7 11,8 12,1 12,2 12,3 12,4 12,5 12,6 12,7 12,8 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 13,5 13,6 13,7 13,8...
  • Page 36 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide 8x8 pixel version (mod 0) 8x8 pixel version (mod 1) 8x8 pixel version (mod 2) Page 36/62...
  • Page 37 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide 4x16 pixel version (mod 0) 10,1 10,2 10,3 10,4 11,1 11,2 11,3 11,4 12,1 12,2 12,3 12,4 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 14,1 14,2 14,3 14,4 15,1 15,2 15,3 15,4 16,1 16,2 16,3 16,4 Page 37/62...
  • Page 38 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide 4x16 pixel version (mod 1) 10,1 10,2 10,3 10,4 11,1 11,2 11,3 11,4 12,1 12,2 12,3 12,4 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 14,1 14,2 14,3 14,4 15,1 15,2 15,3 15,4 16,1 16,2 16,3 16,4 Page 38/62...
  • Page 39 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide 4x16 pixel version (mod 2) 10,1 10,2 10,3 10,4 11,1 11,2 11,3 11,4 12,1 12,2 12,3 12,4 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 14,1 14,2 14,3 14,4 15,1 15,2 15,3 15,4 16,1 16,2 16,3 16,4 Page 39/62...
  • Page 40 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide 4x32 pixel version (mod 0) 10,1 10,2 10,3 10,4 11,1 11,2 11,3 11,4 12,1 12,2 12,3 12,4 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 14,1 14,2 14,3 14,4 15,1 15,2 15,3 15,4 16,1 16,2 16,3 16,4 17,1 17,2 17,3 17,4...
  • Page 41 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide 4x32 pixel version (mod 1) 10,1 10,2 10,3 10,4 11,1 11,2 11,3 11,4 12,1 12,2 12,3 12,4 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 14,1 14,2 14,3 14,4 15,1 15,2 15,3 15,4 16,1 16,2 16,3 16,4 17,1 17,2 17,3 17,4...

  • Page 42: Appendix D: Connector Pin-Outs

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Appendix D: Connector pin-outs The power input connector on the power supply unit is Hirose type JR16RK-7S. The mating connector is Hirose JR16PK-7P plug. The connection is the following: Function 19...24V input + 19...24 V input -...

  • Page 43: Appendix E: Adc Register Map

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Appendix E: ADC register map The following table contains the register map of the ADC units. Depending on the configuration of the camera 1-4 ADC units are present, each serving 32 measurement channels. Channels 1-32 are served by ADC #1, 33-64 by ADC #2, ...etc. The mapping between ADC channels and pixels is shown in Appendix C.
  • Page 44 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide 0 – 14-bit EEPROM RESOLUTION 0x001C 1 – 12-bit 2 – 8-bit Other – Reserved BPSCH1 0x001D actual Bytes per sample of 8-channel block 1 BPSCH2 0x001E actual Bytes per sample of 8-channel block 2. actual BPSCH3 0x001F Bytes per sample of 8-channel block 3.

  • Page 45: Appendix F: Control Unit Register Map

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Appendix F: Control unit register map The tables below list registers of the control unit. The “value after start” column indi- cates what will be the contents of the register after camera startup:  factory: factory set value ...
  • Page 46 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Offset Size Value Parameter Description (byte) (byte) after start BIAS_ON Bit 0-3 switches on the detector bias voltages. The bias voltage should be enabled first in BI- AS_ENABLE. BIAS_ENABLE A hex $AB (decimal 171) should be written into this register to enable detector bias voltage.

  • Page 47: Appendix G: 10Gbit Communication And Timing Card Instructions

    8,9,... ADCs 2: Control card Register address (MSB...LSB) Number of bytes to read. (MSB...LSB) REGISTERDATA This command is sent from APDCAM-10G to the host in response to a REGISTER_READ command. 0xFF04 2+data Number of data bytes sent. Data Page 47/62...
  • Page 48 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Opcode Length Data bytes (2 byte) (2 byte) SETIPV4 Set the IP address of the camera. 0x21 bit 0: 0: IP mode is DHCP 1: IP mode is static bit 7: 1 IP address MSB...LSB. E.g. 10 123 13 102 for the default IP SETIPVNETMASK Set the netmask if the camera.
  • Page 49 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Opcode Length Data bytes (2 byte) (2 byte) SETCLOCKCONTROL Controls the base clock source and behaviour. 0x102 The bits have the following meaning: 0: 0 (reserved) 1: 0 (reserved) 2 0: Internal clock 1: External clock 3: 0: Normal external clock mode. Always external clock is used.
  • Page 50 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Opcode Length Data bytes (2 byte) (2 byte) SETSAMPLECOUNT Set the sample number per ADC channel to acquire. 0x114 The 6-byte long sample number. MSB first. SETTRIGGER Sets the trigger parameters. Any of the enabled trigger possibilities occurs data stream output will start after the set delay time.
  • Page 51 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide ACKANSWER data format The table below describes the format of the ACKANSWER UDP packet sent by APDCAM-10G in response to the SENDACK command. Opcode Length Data bytes (2 byte) (2 byte) ACKANSWER Controls the bae clock source and behaviour.

  • Page 52: Appendix H: 10G Communication And Timing Unit Registers

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Appendix H: 10G communication and timing unit registers This section contains information on the most important registers of the 10G commu- nication and timing card. These registers can be set using the instructions in Appendix F and read to the host using instruction SENDACK.
  • Page 53 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Stream Port ARP Advertisement Report Period (in second, 0 = this function is off) Stream Port IGMP Report Period (in second, 0 = this function is off) Stream Port IPv4 Time To Live (TTL value in the IPv4 header) Stream Port Factory Default MAC Address (MSB first) Clock Control (See the SETCLOCKCONTROL instruction.)
  • Page 54 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Variables table. This table is returned in the ACKANSWER command in response to requesting “vari- ables”. The offset is relative to the data field start address. These values are read only, they cannot be set by commands.
  • Page 55 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Hardware Error (LSB first!) Bit 0 : SDRAM Error Bit 1 : EEPROM Error Bit 2 : FPGA Error Bit 3 : Internal Flash Error Bit 4 : Flash 1 Error (Web Server Flash) Bit 5 : Flash 2 Error (Storage Flash) Bit 7..15 : Reserved (0)

  • Page 56: Appendix I: Using The Apdtest Program

    APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Appendix I: Using the APDTest program The APDTest program provides a command line interface to the APDCAM-10G cam- era. It is called with a script file name as an argument: APDTest <filename> The script file is a simple text file with a command in each line. Each command line consists of a command name and arguments separated by whitespace.
  • Page 57 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Details of the commands are described below. Command OPEN name Description Open connection to an APDCAM-10G camera Argument Description The IP address, e.g. 10.123.13.102 Example: Open 10.123.13.102 Opens connection to a camera. Command CLOSE name Description Close connection to an APDCAM-10G camera No arguments.
  • Page 58 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Command PDIREAD name Description Read registers from the Control card or ADCs (See register tables in Ap- pendix E-F) Prints the contents on standard output. Argument Description Board address: 2: Control board 8,... ADCs Register address Number of bytes to read...
  • Page 59 Command CCREAD name Description Sends a SENDACK command to APDCAM-10G and waits for the respec- tive data block (settings or variables) to be received in an ACKANSWER command. Prints the requested part of the received data to standard output. Argument...
  • Page 60 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Command STREAM-INTERFACE name Description Tells the name of the 10G Ethernet card to APDTest. The card can be iden- tified e.g. using the ifconfig or ip command. This command is necessary before measurement. Argument Description The name of the interface, e.g. eth1...
  • Page 61 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide 0 (One shot measurement, other modes reserved for future extension) Number of samples per channels to take. 0 (Uncalibrated data, other modes reserved for future extension.) 1 (Signal frequency, other values reserved for future optimization) Example: Arm 0 110000 0 1 Arms the system for 110000 samples per channel and waits for a start condition.
  • Page 62 APDCAM-10G User’s Guide Command PAUSE name Description Waits for the given time . Argument Description Wait time in ms. Example: Pause 100 Waits for 100 ms. Command SAVE name Description Saves all acquired data to binary files. Channels are saved in separate files with names “Channel_xxx.dat”...

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