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D.Electron CNC Z32 Florenz Series Programming Manual

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D. ELECTRON
Si n ce 1977 H i - Tech
f o r t h e Mach i n e - To o l
Document M335
C2 – 20.02.08
Read thoroughly before installation
Contains important information on:
• programming
This manual contains information exclusively devoted to the user of D.Electron products to allow a correct usage of delivered
devices. No part of this manual can be duplicated or delivered to third parties for an usage not corresponding to that indicated.
All information here contained have been accurately checked to be exact and reliable, but D.Electron doesn't assume any
responsibility for possible inaccuracies. D.Electron reserves the right to make all modifications necessary to improve the
performance and reliability of its products.
D.Electron - Via R. Giuliani 140 - 50141 Firenze ITALY Internet: www.delectron.it
Tel ++39 - 055 - 416927 Fax ++39 - 055 - 434220 email delectron@delectron.it
CNC
Z32
Programming guide (Lathes)

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Summary of Contents for D.Electron CNC Z32 Florenz Series

  • Page 1 • programming This manual contains information exclusively devoted to the user of D.Electron products to allow a correct usage of delivered devices. No part of this manual can be duplicated or delivered to third parties for an usage not corresponding to that indicated.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..............................1 BASE PROGRAMMING ............................2 ..............................2 NTRODUCTION 2.1.1 Machine behavior at reset........................2 2.1.2 Line number .............................. 3 2.1.3 The standard ISO line..........................3 2.1.4 Comment lines............................4 2.1.5 G functions (modals and with stop) ....................... 4 1.1.
  • Page 4 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) INCOMPATIBLE PROFILE ....................... 48 ERROR ................... 48 ISPLAYED POSITIONS AND RADIUS CORRECTION ..................49 XAMPLE OF A PROFILE WITH RADIUS CORRECTION ..........................50 LLOWANCE MANAGEMENT PARAMETRIC PROGRAMMING ........................51 ..........................51 ARAMETER MANAGEMENT 5.1.1 Parameter assignment...........................

  • Page 5: Introduction

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) INTRODUCTION This manual contains a simplified description of Z32 control programming. This document doesn’t contain a detailed description of all functionalities available, focusing only on the most common and useful for the programming of lathe machines. For a complete and detailed description of all functionalities available in the Z32 numerical control, please consult “Programming Manual”...

  • Page 6: Base Programming

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) BASE PROGRAMMING Introduction The base programming Z32 numerical controls follows the indications of ISO directions. The program for a workpiece (or part-program) is a text file composed by a series of instructions stored in sequential way.

  • Page 7: Line Number

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) • All functions and settings related to RTCP (rotating tool centre point) are disabled at reset. • At reset, all high speed settings are restored with the corresponding parameters contained in the machine setup. Please consult the machine tool builder for further information. Warning: it is important to remember that at the beginning of a part-program execution, a reset condition is forced.

  • Page 8: Comment Lines

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) - At least one number must be programmed (the zero value is programmed with one or more “0” characters) - The division between integer and decimal part may be indicated either with “.” (point) and with “,” (comma).

  • Page 9: F (Feed) Parameter And Feed Management (G93 G94 G95)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) 1.1. F (Feed) parameter and Feed management (G93 G94 G95) The F parameter defines the feed velocity during machining and it is programmed writing the letter F followed by the desired feed value (numeric value with a maximum of 9 significant digits). •...

  • Page 10: M Functions

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) M Functions The M functions (miscellaneous) are mainly related to the machine tool behavior and their functionality is mostly defined by the machine tool builder. All M functions require a machine stop. The ISO standards indicate the functionality of many M codes: only some M codes are decoded and managed by the Z32, and only these codes will be discussed.

  • Page 11: Auxiliary Functions Ma, Mb, Mc

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Auxiliary functions MA, MB, MC Besides M auxiliary functions, the Z32 control offers to the machine tool builder three more auxiliary functions categories (MA, MB, MC) sent to the machine logic. The MA, MB and MC functions may be programmed with 9 significant digits, before or after the decimal delimiter. The MA, MB and MC functions provoke the machine stop.

  • Page 12: Functions For Origins Recall (Workpiece Coordinate System)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Functions for origins recall (workpiece coordinate system) To set the workpiece coordinate system, the workpiece origins are used. Workpiece origins are defined by the user and define the position of the machining inside the working field. When a workpiece origins are activated, all positions programmed in the part-program are related to the active workpiece origin.
  • Page 13 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) It is possible to recall the workpiece origins on a single axis. For example, after having selected the origin OX1 OZ1, it is possible to set a new reference only for the Z axis, leaving unchanged the X reference defined before.

  • Page 14: Tparameter And Tool Change

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) T parameter and tool change The T parameter is devoted to the tool change, together with the M6 function. The digits following the T letter indicate the tool number to recall. The T parameter has the purpose to prepare the machine for the tool changing (i.e. to prepare the axes of tool magazine for the change), while the function M6 starts the actual change.

  • Page 15: Tool Corrections: Length (Lx And Lz) And Radius (R)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Tool corrections: length (LX and LZ) and radius (R) The corrections for a lathe tool are referred to the tool tip. The corrections are stored in LX and LZ. LX is the correction along the X axis, while LZ is the correction along the Z axis.
  • Page 16 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) In the example below, some horizontal and vertical walls are machined, with a tool zeroed in position 1. Nell’esempio al lato è possibile eseguire il profilo desiderato, programmando i movimenti: X0 Z0 Z-40 X100 E’...

  • Page 17: Tool Parameters Modification (Dlx, Dlz, Ddr)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Tool parameters modification (DLX, DLZ, DDR) It is possible to modify the tool length corrections or the tool radius, without modifying the actual stored corrections. The LX and LX correctors may be modified through the parameters DLX and DLZ. The correction values actually used by the CNC are the following: LX + DLX LZ + DLZ...

  • Page 18: Cancellation And Suspension Of Origins And Lengths (G53 G54 G45)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) 2.10 Cancellation and suspension of origins and lengths (G53 G54 G45) These functions must be used by expert programmers. To cancel an origin it is necessary to program the base origin, for example: OZ0 OX0 To cancel the tool length corrections it is necessary to program a null length: LX0 LZ0 To suspend the corrections introduced by supplementary origins and tool length it is possible to program the...

  • Page 19: Contouring Plane

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) 2.11 Contouring plane The function allowing to define the working plane is the G25 function. Example: G25ZX defines a working plane composed by the axes Z and X (in that order). This is the standard configuration for a lathe.

  • Page 20: Movement Programming (G0 G1 G2 G3)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) 2.12 Movement programming (G0 G1 G2 G3) The programming of machine movements happens through the functions: G0: rapid movement G1: linear interpolation G2: circular CW interpolation G3: circular CCW interpolation The ISO standard states that all G functions for the movement must be MODAL. That means, for instance, that after programming a G0 movement, all successive movements will be in G0 mode, unless a different move type will be programmed.

  • Page 21: Rapid Movement (G0)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Rapid movement (G0) G0 X200 Z10 The G0 function specifies a rapid movement, executed with the maximum speed allowed on the machine. Only linear movements can be programmed in rapid mode, allowing the programming of more than one axis. If only one axis is programmed, the movement is aligned along the programmed axis.

  • Page 22: Linear Interpolation (G1)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Linear interpolation (G1) T1 M6 OZ1 OX1 G96 S100 MS2000 M3 G95 F0.3 G0 X200 Z5 G1 Z0 G1 X380 Z-100 Attenzione: con profili conici e utensili raggiati è necessario tenere in considerazione la correzione dovuta al raggio utensile.

  • Page 23: Circular Interpolation (G2 - G3)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Circular interpolation (G2 – G3) Allows to program a circular arc. The direction of the linear interpolation is set with G2 or G3. In case the working plane G25ZX has been specified, the following rule apply: G2 - clockwise machining G3 - counterclockwise machining On machines with downward positive X axis, the directions are inverted, as shown in the figure below:...
  • Page 24 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) The circle may be also defined in a second way, i.e. by specifying the positions of the final point and the radius of the circle. In this case, the syntax of the G2/G3 movement becomes: G2 Z…...
  • Page 25 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) The execution of the circle must consider the radius of the tool insert. If the radius correction feature of the CNC (described in the appropriate chapter of this manual) is not used, the programmed profile must be corrected in order to obtain the desired machining on the workpiece. Example: T1 M6 OZ1 OX1...

  • Page 26: Helical Interpolation (G12 - G13)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Helical interpolation (G12 – G13) The function G12 allow the execution of helical interpolations. The function G13 disables this mode. The position programmed for the third axis is reached at end movement, together with the two axes of the plane. The velocity when G12 is active is the programmed F value.

  • Page 27: Incremental Coordinates Programming (G90 G91)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) 2.13 Incremental coordinates programming (G90 G91) The programming of incremental positions happens through the G91 function. The syntax is as follows: Starts the incremental programming in micron HX.. G91 The parameter HX defines the scale of increment expressed in thousandth of display units. To get programmed increments in display units (millimeters, inches or degrees) it is necessary to program HX1000 In the normal practice it is common to program: HX1000 G91...

  • Page 28: Mirroring, Rotation, Translation, Scale Factor

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) 2.14 Mirroring, rotation, translation, scale factor With these functions it is possible to translate, rotate, mirror and scale a workpiece program. Please note that all these transformations are made on programmed positions, instead of measured positions. 2.14.1 Mirroring on the working plane (G56 –...
  • Page 29 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) 2.14.2...

  • Page 30: Machining Rotation (Ir Jr Qr)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Machining rotation (IR JR QR) Through the rotation functions it is possible to rotate the machining of an angle QR, around a point of coordinates IR and JR. The rotation may be set only on the working plane defined with G25. On a normal lathe, the working plane is normally the ZX plane.

  • Page 31: Machining Translation (Da Db)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Machining translation (DA DB) The functions DA and DB allow to translate the program along the axis defined by the working plane. DA executes a translation along the first axis DB executes a translation along the second axis For example, on a lathe with ZX working plane: DA translates the machining along Z axis DB translates the machining along X axis...

  • Page 32: Scale Factor

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Scale factor The KP parameter defines the scale factor on the working plane. On a lathe, KP applies the scale factor on the plane ZX. The scale factors are automatically applied after programming the parameters KP and KT.

  • Page 33: Other Functions

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) 2.15 Other functions 2.15.1 Dwell (G4 TT..) The dwell value, expressed in seconds, is indicated by the parameter “TT” which can be programmed on the same line of G4 function, or in a preceding line. Example: G4 TT2.5 (dwell of 2.5 seconds) This function stops the machine:...

  • Page 34: Alive Axes Management (G28, G29)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Alive axes management (G28, G29) One axis is defined as “alive” when its position is controlled by the NC, also if it is stand still. • The function G28 (modal, with stop) asks the NC to maintain under control the axis also when it is not interested by the current move (alive axis).

  • Page 35: Suspending And Resuming Tool Change (G38, G39)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) 2.15.4 Suspending and resuming Tool change (G38, G39) By programming G39 it is possible to suspend the automatic execution of tool change. When the function G39 is active, the M6 (tool change) is no more automatically executed, provoking instead a machine STOP to allow the operator to manually change the tool.

  • Page 36: Diametrical Programming (G107)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) 2.15.8 Diametrical programming (G107) Specific function for lathes. Modal, active at reset for lathes, cancels and is canceled by G106. After G107 the X position and the associated J parameter are considered as diameters (i.e. the physical movement is the half).
  • Page 37 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Sets the positive limits on the continuous axes X.., Y.. and activates the positive limits. G123 KA-1 [X...] [Y...] Sets the negative limits on axes X.., Y.. and activates the negative limits. • The limits are programmed by the name of continuous axis where the limits have to be applied. •...

  • Page 38: Direct Programming Of Profile

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) DIRECT PROGRAMMING OF PROFILE With the direct programming, it is possible to describe the final workpiece profile, using the known elements on the mechanical drawing. In this mode, sloped lines, chamfers and connecting radiuses are automatically computed by the control unit.
  • Page 39 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) • RR (connecting radiuses) The programming of a connecting radius is made through the parameter RR. The RR parameter must be programmed with a sign. Normally the choice of the sign for a connecting radius follows the same convention used for G2 and G3. If the circular arc representing the desired connection is executed in G2, the radius has a negative value.
  • Page 40 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) • RB (chamfers) A chamfer is programmed through the RB parameter. The RB parameter must be programmed with a sign. Its meaning is shown in the following figure: A chamfer is programmed by adding the RB parameter followed by the chamfer value, in the same block terminating with the chamfer.
  • Page 41 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Programming examples: • Line with known final Z and slope: G1 Z… QF… 30° G1 X50 Z0 Z-20 Z-40 QF150 • Line with known final X and slope: G1 X… QF… G1 X50 Z0 30°...
  • Page 42 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) 30° G1 X20 QF 90 Z-25 X70 QF150 Z-50 At the end of each programmed movement it is possible to add a connecting radius or a chamfer, by programming on the same movement block the value of radius (RR) or chamfer (RB). Connecting radius programming examples 30°...
  • Page 43 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) G1 X20 Z0 QF 90 RR10 Z-25 X70 QF150 RR10 Z-50 Chamfer programming examples 30° G1 X50 Z0 Z-20 RB5 Z-40 QF150 60° G1 X50 Z0 30° Z-15 RB5 QF150 RB5 Z-50 X120 QF120...
  • Page 44 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) 30° G1 X20 Z0 QF 90 RB5 Z-25 X70 QF150 RB5 Z-50...

  • Page 45: Tool Radius Correction

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) TOOL RADIUS CORRECTION The Z32 NC allows to program directly the finished workpiece profile, and automatically executes all necessary profile modifications as a function of the effective tool radius. It is clear that the actual tool path will be different from the programmed profile, because of the corrections to be made in order to execute the profile with a tool having a not-null radius.

  • Page 46: Vectorial Compensation Of Tool Radius

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Vectorial compensation of tool radius In case of profile to be executed with tool radius compensation, the theoretical tool tip must follow a profile different from the programmed workpiece profile. To start the discussion related to the tool radius compensation, it is necessary at first to define two important points: the theoretical tool tip and the tool center.
  • Page 47 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) In order to machine a profile with radius correction, it is necessary to know the position of the theoretical tool tip with respect to the tool center: If the X axis is oriented downwards: The G150 function allows to set the orientation of the theoretical tool tip.

  • Page 48: Profile Approach (G41/G42) And Profile Retract (G40)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Profile approach (G41/G42) and profile retract (G40) The functions G41 and G42 are used to start the execution of a profile with tool radius correction. Depending on the orientation of the X axis, the G41 and G42 functions define the tool position related to the profile. With an upward orientation of the X axis, the following rule apply: G41: looking in the profile direction, the tool is positioned on the left of the profile G42: looking in the profile direction, the tool is positioned on the right of the profile...
  • Page 49 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) The programming of a profile with radius correction is mainly composed by the following parts: approach to profile profile execution retract from profile The approach movement is the movement following the G41 or G42 programming. The approach movement brings the radiused tool tangent to the path, on the first point defining the profile.
  • Page 50 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Warning! The part-program line where the first point to be reached with radius correction is defined, must immediately follow the line where the radius correction is activated. Correct programming G41 (o G42) X.. Z.. incorrect G41 X..

  • Page 51: Null Or Negative Radius

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Null or negative radius Null or negative tool radius are allowed: in case of null radius, exactly the programmed profile will be executed, while a negative radius is equivalent to exchange the meaning between G41 and G42. A negative radius may be useful when the profile has already been computed (i.e.

  • Page 52: Incompatible Profile Error

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) INCOMPATIBLE PROFILE error If a profile cannot be executed with tool radius compensation, the INCOMPATIBLE PROFILE error may be issued. In these cases it is possible to program the function G109R, which forces the generation of a fillet also around internal edges (provoking a kind of “knot”) with the purpose to display the element generating the problem, and eliminating the issuing of INCOMPATIBLE PROFILE error.

  • Page 53: Example Of A Profile With Radius Correction

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Example of a profile with radius correction T4 M6 OZ1 OX1 G96 S30 MS2000 M3 G95 F1 2x45° G150KA1 G0 Z10 X60 30° X50 Z5 Z-30 RR-5 Z-50 QF150 RR-5 X110 RB2 Z-60 X120 G0 Z-50 X130 In the preceding figure, the tool center path was shown.

  • Page 54: Allowance Management

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Allowance management With the function G150 it is possible to define an allowance in the machining of a profile executed with radius correction. The programming syntax is G150 I… Example: 2mm allowance an the profile: T4 M6 OZ1 OX1 G96 S30 MS2000 M3...

  • Page 55: Parametric Programming

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) PARAMETRIC PROGRAMMING Parameter management A parameter defines a numeric value recalled by means of an identifier. The Z32 CNC offers to the user three types of parameters: • Literal parameters: They are composed by a combination of one or more alphabetic characters. The names of literal parameters cannot contain: space (BLANK) characters NUMERICAL characters...
  • Page 56 #A - #Q synchronizer between part-program and ML logic D.ELECTRON may define further parameters in the future, to enhance the Z32 software features. AXES NAMES: The axes names are always defined with a single letter, by choosing among the following: A B C D H P Q U V W X Y Z They must be defined in the machine setup.

  • Page 57: Parameter Assignment

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) • PAR[…] parameters It is a vector containing 513 parameters. From PAR[0] to PAR[512]. The parameter number may be an expression result, for example: HA10 HB5 PAR[6]30 PAR[HA + PAR[HB + 1]] is equivalent to: PAR[10+PAR[6]] than means: PAR[40]...

  • Page 58: Axis Movement Programming With Parameters

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) To assign an expression result to a parameter, the lower than sign “ < ” and higher than sign “ > ” (acute parenthesis) are used to indicate the beginning and the end of the expression. Inside the expression it is possible to use the parenthesis “...

  • Page 59: Axes Programming Through Parameters Aa, Ab, Ac

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) 5.1.5 Axes programming through parameters AA, AB, AC The system parameters AA, AB and AC are very useful for parametric programming (like macros or fixed cycles). These parameters represents respectively the first (AA), the second(AB) and the third(AC) axis specified with G25. For example, with G25ZXC, the parameter AA represents the axis Z, parameter AB the X axis and AC the C axis.

  • Page 60: Programming With Advanced Lines

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Programming with “advanced lines” ( ! ... ! ) The Z32 CNC allows the usage of special program lines, called “advanced lines”. Through these lines it is generally possible to handle most cases of logic-parametric programming, allowing for conditioning and jumps with or without return.

  • Page 61: Executing Jumps Without Return (!Gon

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Executing jumps without return (!GON..!) The function allowing to jump to a label inside a program is the function: !GON..! Jump destination is the line corresponding to the number (also decimal) following the letter N. Example: The program executes N10 and jumps to the label N20: …...

  • Page 62: Executing Conditioned Jumps (!If

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Executing conditioned jumps (!IF .. ; GON.. !) The instruction allowing the execution of conditioned jumps inside a program is the following: !IF {condition} ; GON..! A condition may be any parametric expression containing one of the following comparison operators between two parametric expressions: >...

  • Page 63: Structuring Conditioned Jumps

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Structuring conditioned jumps Normally the various commands to be executed in a single advanced line are separated by the “;” character. When an IF condition is programmed, if the condition is verified, the subsequent commands are executed, otherwise the analysis jumps to the next “!”...

  • Page 64: Jump To A Cmos Subprogram (! Gop

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Jump to a CMOS subprogram (! GOP.. !) With the instruction !GOP..! It is possible to suspend the execution of current program and jump to the execution of a subprogram. The !GOP..! instruction is valid for programs stored in the CMOS memory (internal memory) of CNC, and it is used by specifying the program number to be activated.

  • Page 65: Jump To A Cmos Subprogram With Label (! Gop

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Jump to a CMOS subprogram with label (! GOP.. –N..!) It is possible to jump in a CMOS subprogram starting the execution from a given label. Example: … N50 !GOP10-N30! … Sottoprogramma CMOS 10: …...

  • Page 66: Conditioning Blocks Of Programs (--If)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Conditioning blocks of programs (--IF) The structured instruction --IF is useful when it is necessary to condition the execution of whole program blocks. Example: --IF {condition 1} … --END IF The program executes the lines from N10 to N20 only if {condition 1} is verified. A condition may be any parametric expression containing one of the following comparison operators: >...
  • Page 67 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) It is possible to nest IF instructions up to 31 levels. Example: --IF {condition 1} --IF {condition 2} --IF {condition 3} … (executed if condition 1 is true, condition 1 is true and condition 3 is true) --END IF --END IF --END IF...

  • Page 68: Program Block Repetition (--Do --Loop)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Program block repetition (--DO --LOOP) The blocks inserted between the instructions --DO and --LOOP are repeated until the exit condition is satisfied Example: --DO … N100 --LOOP The blocks from N10 to N100 are endless repeated. 5.4.1 Specifying the repetition number (LOOP {N}) The number of repetitions can be specified by inserting the number on the same line as the LOOP instruction:...

  • Page 69: Anticipated Exit Condition --Do --Loop (--Exit Do)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Anticipated exit condition --DO --LOOP (--EXIT DO) An anticipated exit condition from a block loop execution may be expressed with: --EXIT DO IF {condition} The --EXIT DO instruction allows an anticipated exit from the --DO --LOOP structure when the specified condition is true.

  • Page 70: Writing Cmos Programs (--Define P

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Writing CMOS programs (--DEFINE P..) Through the instruction --DEFINE P.. it is possible to write a CMOS file of the CNC. With this instruction it is possible to write a CNC CMOS file without the need to directly edit it. The --DEFINE P..
  • Page 71 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) {program listing} … --END DEFINE ; comment The subprogram to be written must be specified with the desired subtemp number. In the following example, the subtemp number 20 is written: --DEFINE S20 … {program listing} …...

  • Page 72: Z32 Fixed Cycles And Macros

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Z32 FIXED CYCLES AND MACROS This chapter describes the standard macros and fixed cycles of the Z32 CNC. Cycles and machining here described are valid for versions SIS T109-8B and following. Z32 Fixed cycles (G881 - G886) The functions from G881 to G886 allow to program the system fixed cycles.
  • Page 73 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Fixed cycle suspension The function G27X suspends the active fixed cycle. G27X is valid only in the block where programmed. Example: … G881 Z-40 J5 E10 (activates the fixed cycle) G0 X100 (executes fixed cycle) G27X G0 X200 (doesn’t execute fixed cycle) G0 X150 (executes fixed cycle) G880 (deactivates fixed cycle)
  • Page 74 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) … G881 Z-40 J5 E10 F1200 (activates the drilling fixed cycle) N1 G0 X100 (executes the first positioning) X150 (second positioning) N2 X200 (third positioning) G880 (all cycle parameters are cleared) G886 Z-35 J5 E10 F400 (activates the boring fixed cycle) (NOTE! All parameters MUST BE PROGRAMMED ANEW because the G880 function clears them all)

  • Page 75: G881: Normal Drilling

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) G881: Normal drilling feed F Z (or X) : hole end position J : approaching position. It is the machining starting position E: final return position. NT: dwell time at hole end F: Feed Notes: In case of holes drilled in X direction, the values X, Z(X) J, E are considered as diametric or radial, depending...

  • Page 76: G883: Deep Drilling With Chip Extraction

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) G883: Deep drilling with chip extraction feed F Z (or X): hole end position J: approaching position. It is the machining starting position E: final return position. NT: dwell time at hole end K: depth increment before chip extraction I : reduction of pass increment Z (X) NM : minimum pass depth...

  • Page 77: G884: Tapping With Compensating Chuck

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) G884: Tapping with compensating chuck Z (or X): hole end position K : tap pitch J: approaching position. It is the machining starting position E: final return position. NT : dwell time at hole end, after spindle stop Z (X) NT: dwell time at hole end, after spindle inversion Note: In case of holes drilled in X direction, the values X,...

  • Page 78: G901: Macro For Internal/External Groove Machining

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) G901: Macro for internal/external groove machining This macro allows the rough and finishing machining of internal and external grooves. Programming parameters: NX initial diameter of the first wall final diameter at groove bottom NZ initial Z position of the first wall final Z position of the second wall angle of the first wall encountered (program with positive value).
  • Page 79 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) The groove is composed by three segments. The first wall, the groove bottom and the second wall. - The first wall starts at position NZ, NX with a slope of NI degrees with respect to a vertical wall. - The groove bottom corresponds to the diameter programmed with the X value - The second wall terminates to the position corresponding to the programmed Z value, with a slope of NL degrees with respect to a vertical wall.
  • Page 80 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Chamfer and connecting radiuses management. Through the parameters NA, NB, NC, ND, NE, NF, NG, NH it is possible to define radiuses and chamfers in the groove profile. The parameters NA, NB, NC, ND are used to define chamfers. The parameters NE, NF, NG, NH are used to define connecting radiuses.
  • Page 81 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Tool management The groove machining macro may be used with spherical or truncating tools. • In case of spherical tools, the tool radius must be programmed as usual, with the R parameter, directly inserted in the tool table, or explicitly written in the part-program. The J parameter must be set with the total tool width (thus J=2*R) •...
  • Page 82 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Machining repetition The parameters NN and E allow to specify the number of grooves and their pitch. The NN parameter indicates the number of repetitions, while the E parameter indicates the distance (pitch) between each repetition. The machining is considered to be repeated along the Z axis.
  • Page 83 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Example: External groove with vertical walls, without roughing allowances OZ1 OX1 T1M6 G96 S… MS… M3 G95 F… G0 X110 Z-20 G901 Z-40 X50 NX100 NZ-20 Example: External groove with two connecting radiuses and roughing allowances OZ1 OX1 T1M6 G96 S…...
  • Page 84 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Example: External groove with two connecting radiuses, roughing allowances, sloped wall and I3 machining: OZ1 OX1 T1M6 G96 S… MS… M3 G95 F… G0 X110 Z-20 G901 Z-60 X50 NX100 NZ-20 NE10 NH10 NL30 NV.1 NU0.1 I3 30°...

  • Page 85: G902: Macro For Facial Grooves Machining

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) G902: Macro for facial grooves machining This macro allows the rough and finishing machining of facial grooves. Programming parameters: initial diameter of the first wall final diameter of the second wall initial Z position of the first wall Z position of groove bottom angle of the first wall encountered (program with positive value).
  • Page 86 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) The groove is composed by three segments. The first wall, the groove bottom and the second wall. - The first wall starts at position NZ, NX with a slope of NI degrees with respect to a vertical wall. - The groove bottom corresponds to the diameter programmed with the X value - The second wall terminates to the position corresponding to the programmed Z value, with a slope of NL degrees with respect to a vertical wall.
  • Page 87 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Chamfer and connecting radiuses management. Through the parameters NA, NB, NC, ND, NE, NF, NG, NH it is possible to define radiuses and chamfers in the groove profile. The parameters NA, NB, NC, ND are used to define chamfers. The parameters NE, NF, NG, NH are used to define connecting radiuses.
  • Page 88 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Tool management The groove machining macro may be used with spherical or truncating tools. • In case of spherical tools, the tool radius must be programmed as usual, with the R parameter, directly inserted in the tool table, or explicitly written in the part-program. •...
  • Page 89 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Machining repetition The parameters NN and E allow to specify the number of grooves and their pitch. The NN parameter indicates the number of repetitions, while the E parameter indicates the distance (pitch) between each repetition. The machining is considered to be repeated along the Z axis.

  • Page 90: G903: Macro For Roughing Of Trapezoidal Sections, With Passes Along Z

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) G903: Macro for roughing of trapezoidal sections, with passes along Z. This macro allows the roughing of trapezoidal sections with passes oriented in the Z direction. NX, NZ Parameters: initial diameter of the first wall final diameter of the bottom of the roughing area initial Z position of the first wall final Z position of the roughing area...
  • Page 91 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Depending on the programming of the NX, NZ, X and Z parameters, the machining may be external, internal, from left to right or from right to left. Generally: Roughing passes are executed proceeding from the NZ position toward the Z position The depth increments are executed proceeding from the NX position toward the X position The following diagram depicts the different cases: NX, NZ...

  • Page 92: G904: Macro For Roughing Of Trapezoidal Sections , With Passes Along X

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) G904: Macro for roughing of trapezoidal sections, with passes along X. This macro allows the roughing of trapezoidal sections with passes oriented in the X direction. X, Z NX, NZ Parameters: initial diameter of the first wall final diameter of the roughing area initial Z position of the first wall final Z position of the roughing area...
  • Page 93 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Depending on the programming of the NX, NZ, X and Z parameters, the machining may be external, internal, from left to right or from right to left. Generally: Roughing passes are executed proceeding from the NX position toward the X position The depth increments are executed proceeding from the NZ position toward the Z position The following diagram depicts the different cases: NX, NZ...

  • Page 94: Threading

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Threading 6.6.1 G33 function The G33 function is the basis function for the execution of threadings. A single threading pass (the feed movement is synchronized with the spindle rotation) may be programmed with the block: G33 X…...
  • Page 95 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) After programming the G33 function, all subsequent movements are threading movements. The movements may contain both linear and circular segments. During the execution of threading movements, the K pitch specifies the displacement imposed to the tool, along the path, for each spindle revolution. The end of threading movements must be indicated with a rapid movement (G0).

  • Page 96: Variable Pitch Threading (G34, G35)

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) 6.6.2 Variable pitch threading (G34, G35) The term “variable pitch threading” indicates a threading whose pitch is not constant, but varies continuously according to a determined variation quantity. The variable pitch threading is programmed through two different G functions: G34 K..

  • Page 97: G905: Threading Macro

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) G905: Threading macro This macro allows the complete execution of threadings. The following kinds of threadings may be executed: - cylindrical or conical with many passes - facial - with one or more worms - internal or external The types of threads allowed are: - Metric 60°...
  • Page 98 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Thread type: E =100 Metric screw 60° UNI 4535-64 E =200 Metric lead screw 60° UNI 4535-64 E =300 Whitworth screw UNI 2709 E =400 Whitworth lead screw UNI 2709 E =500 Trapezoidal screw UNI 2902 E =600 Trapezoidal lead screw UNI 2902 E =700...
  • Page 99 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) In threadings with more than one worms, the tool retracts axially from the workpiece, and executes all worms, before to proceed with the next pass. The threading ends with a circular arc with radius equal to the return distance between tool and workpiece, defined by the J parameter.
  • Page 100 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) G0 X45 Z-103 G905 X40 NZ-103 Z5 K3 E100 J3 NS5 NF1 ..Thread 3 ..G0 X20 Z-53 G905 X24 NZ-53 Z5 K3 E200 J2.5 NS7 NF1 ..Thread 4 ..G0 X-20 Z5 G905 X-24 NZ5 Z-53 K3 E200 J2.5 NS7 NF1 ..
  • Page 101 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Examples: -100 1) External threading with initial diameter X=60, final diameter X=80 and Z starting and end coordinates, respectively, NZ=5 and Z= -100. Executes the thread starting from the smaller diameter to the larger diameter. In this case the positive percentage taper is equal to: −...

  • Page 102: G906: Facial Threadings

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) G906: Facial threadings For facial threadings: G906 X.. Z.. NZ.. NX.. K.. E.. NS.. (J..) (NF..) (I..) (NG..) (NU..) The meaning of the parameters becomes the following: “On air” coordinate of the first positioning along X Coordinate of the threading final point along X Coordinate of the nominal external surface of the thread Selects the direction of the machining...

  • Page 103: G907: Roughing Macro

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) G907: Roughing macro This macro execute a generalized roughing of a closed profile. The programming is in diameter. The macro is called by the user through the function G907 The roughing cycle of the G907 macro is mainly composed by: •...
  • Page 104 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) If different from zero, the final contour is not executed, but a rapid exit from the final point of the first pass, up to the intersection with the profile, with direction given by the NU angle (referred to the first axis of the plane, axis Z).
  • Page 105 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Definition of the profile to be roughed The profile to be roughed must be defined starting from the raw workpiece dimensions (with G0 segments) and ending with the final profile. The following figure shows two profile examples. Ritorno rapido Ritorno a 30 gradi Passata di sgrossatura...
  • Page 106 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Generally, the programming rules for the profile are the following: the profile must always be defined starting form the raw dimensions the programmed profile (raw + finished) must define a close area, i.e. the first point of the raw must coincide with the last of the finished the profile must be defined in clockwise or in counterclockwise direction, function of the pass direction and the pass increment.
  • Page 107 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Example: external roughing ternal roughin g: pass a ngle NG180, pass increme nt alo ng the X- axis) (positive K pass dep th, raw a nd finished profile s defin ed in) (clockwise direction, tool on t he right of the fi nished pr...
  • Page 108 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Return on preceding pass or 30 degrees exit Through the programming of the I parameter it is possible to define the behavior of the macro at the end of a pass. By programming I0 (or not programming it), at the end of each pass, an exit to 30 degrees is executed, as shown in the figure: 1) Roughing pass (feed) 2) 30 degrees exit (rapid)
  • Page 109 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Variable pass depth (NI NJ NL): This feature allows to obtain a variable pass increment, gradually changing from Kmin (K) to KMAX (NL) between a maximum diameter (NI) and a minimum diameter (NJ). he NL parameter defines the maximum pass increment. For a diameter >= NI: the pass depth is equal to K For a diameter co mprised between NI and NJ: the pass depth gradually changes from K to NL...
  • Page 110 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Chip breaking cycle (NS NR NT) To allow the breakage of the chip it is possible to activate the pass management with chip breaking cycle, allowing to define a forward increment NS along the pass direction, and a backward decrement NR; furthermore a dwell time NT may be defined at the end of the forward incremen t.
  • Page 111 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Final contouring and NU parameter Through the NU parameter it is possible to skip the final profile contouring, normally executed. y p ogramming a non zero value in the NU parameter, at the end of the last roughing pass, instead of the final conto uring, a rapid movement is executed with the direction given by the NU va...
  • Page 112 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Roughing example with passes along the X axis OX1OZ1 T…M6 (roughing tool) G96 S… MS… M3 G95 F… G150KA1 G907 NX10 NY20 NG-90 K-3 HF3 N10 G0 X40 Z0 G0 X100 G1 Z0 X102 G1 Z-30 G1 Z-35 X85 RR2...
  • Page 113 CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Roughing allowance It is possible to use the G150 function specifying the allowance, in the definition of the roughing profile. Example: OX1OZ1 T…M6 (roughing tool) S… MS… M3 F… G150KA1 I1.5 (a llowance of 1.5mm) (roughin g macro , without final contouring NU1)

  • Page 114: Polar Axes

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Polar axes ith this feature it is possible to machine any profile programmed on a cartesian plane, with a polar type machine, ainly comp osed by a linear axis and a rotary axis. With this feature it is possible to mill lathe workpieces on the facial surface. o activate the feature, please consult the machine tool builder.

  • Page 115: Limitations On The Usage Of Polar Axes

    CNC Z32 - Programming Guide (LATHES) Limitations o n the usage of polar axes When the feature polar axes is active, the mill center cannot be or cannot execute movements passing inside a circle with 5 mm diameter around the rotation center of the axes (spindle center).

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