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TeST TST-14 Bonus M Aircraft Manual

14010806 advanced ultralight aircraft
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AIRCRAFT MANUAL
ADVANCED ULTRALIGHT AIRCRAFT
TST – 14 BONUS M
SERIAL NUMBER:
REGISTRATION:
2006-11-29
Date of issue:
TeST, s. r. o.
Manufacturer:
Signature:
Registered copy Nr.
To ensure a safe flight, this aircraft must be operated according to the
information and limits published in this document !
PLEASE READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE OPERATING
THE AIRCRAFT !
14010806
rev.0 issued 2006-11-29 – page 1 of 40
TST-14 M – Aircraft Manual

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  • Page 1 TST – 14 BONUS M 14010806 SERIAL NUMBER: REGISTRATION: 2006-11-29 Date of issue: TeST, s. r. o. Manufacturer: Signature: Registered copy Nr. To ensure a safe flight, this aircraft must be operated according to the information and limits published in this document !
  • Page 2 LIST OF REVISIONS Rev. Description (modification) Pages changed Date basic issue 061129 TST-14 M – Aircraft Manual rev.0 issued 2006-11-29 – page 2 of 40...
  • Page 3 LIST OF VALID PAGES Page Nr. Date Page Nr. Date Page Nr. Date 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29 2006-11-29...

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    GENERAL ..............................18 RIGGING AND DERIGGING OF THE AIRCRAFT................18 MANIPULATION ON GROUND......................19 EXTENDING THE ENGINE ON THE GROUND ..................19 PRE FLIGHT INSPECTION ........................20 FUELLING AND ENGINE TEST ......................21 TAKE OFF ..............................21 FLIGHT..............................23 APPROACH AND LANDING.........................26 TST-14 M – Aircraft Manual rev.0 issued 2006-11-29 – page 4 of 40...
  • Page 5 INSPECTION BETWEEN FLIGHTS.......................26 4.11 POST FLIGHT INSPECTION ......................27 4.12 REGULAR INSPECTION ........................27 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES AIRCRAFT OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS ...28 GENERAL ..............................28 STALL CHARACTERISTICS ........................28 SPIRAL DIVE RECOVERY ........................28 SPIN RECOVERY ............................28 ENGINE FAILURE...........................29 ENGINE FIRE ............................30 BAILING OUT OF THE AIRCRAFT.....................30 USE OF A ROCKET RESCUE SYSTEM (BRS)..................30 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION PROCEDURE ................32 LIFETIME OF THE AIRFRAME......................32...

  • Page 6: General

    1 GENERAL 1.1 INTRODUCTION This manual contains the minimum required procedures that have to be followed in order for the aircraft to be operated safely. The owner of the aircraft must comply with all regulations that apply to this type of aircraft and flight rules generally valid for operation of aircraft in this category.

  • Page 7: Aircraft Description

    2 AIRCRAFT DESCRIPTION The aircraft is a two-seat, high-winged monoplane with a cantilever wing, T-shaped tail and a tandem two-wheel undercarriage. Its composite structure is made in negative moulds. 2.1 Wing The wing consists of a sandwich structure equipped with ailerons and an air brake on the upper surface.

  • Page 8: Minimum Equipment

    of 850 mm. The engine bed is made of thin-wall steel profiles (material L-CM 3) , using four rubber springs with a diameter of 60 mm. The bed rotates on a 15 mm diameter pin and includes swivel bearings placed in brackets on the wing root spar fittings. The power plant is extended by a 12 V DC servo with a epicyclic gear and trapezoidal self-locking screw with a nut.
  • Page 9 Dihedral Geometrical Torsion Airfoil Wortmann mod. Aileron deflection Dive brakes on the upper side 0.16 m (1.77 ft 2.8.2 Horizontal Tail: Span 2.4 m (7.9 ft) (11.5 ft) Area 1.07 m Root chord 0.55 m (1.8 ft) Tip chord 0.35 m (1.1 ft) Elevator area 0.355 m (3.82 ft...

  • Page 10: Flight Characteristics

    Lubrication Fuel mixed with oil, 50 : 1 Starter electric Weight 45.7 kg (101 lbs) Carburetors 2x membrane (floatless) type Battery 12V / 14 Ah Fuel gasoline 95 octanes Lubricant Castrol TTS or equivalent For further details, see the Operator’s Manual of the engine. 2.8.6 Weights Max.
  • Page 11 Envelope of the aircraft TST-14 m=450kg speed (km/h) TST-14 M – Aircraft Manual rev.0 issued 2006-11-29 – page 11 of 40...

  • Page 12: Three View Diagram

    2.10 THREE VIEW DIAGRAM TST-14 M – Aircraft Manual rev.0 issued 2006-11-29 – page 12 of 40...

  • Page 13: Aircraft Operation Instructions

    3 AIRCRAFT OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS OPERATIONAL LIMITS AND INFORMATION 3.1 GENERAL This section provides limits for speed, mass, CG and other specifications that are necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft. WARNING: Ignoring any of the limits published below could result in damage to the aircraft and /or personal injury or loss of life.

  • Page 14: Airspeed Indicator Markings

    3.3 AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKINGS WHITE BAND 65-80 km/h Speed from V up to min. cruising speed GREEN BAND 80-150 km/h NORMAL cruising speed up to V speed YELLOW BAND 150-205 km/h Flight can be executed in calm air only up to V RED LINE 205 km/h NEVER EXCEED SPEED V...

  • Page 15: Centre Of Gravity (Cg)

    3.5.5.1 Additional ballast for a lighter pilot in the front cockpit Pilot 75 kg and more no weight Pilot 70-75 kg 1 weight ( 3 kg ) Pilot 65-70 kg 2 weights ( 6 kg ) Pilot 60-65 kg 3 weights ( 9 kg ) The sum of weights of pilots in both cockpits including the additional ballast in the front cockpit : no more than 180 kg.

  • Page 16: Wind Velocity

    3.9 WIND VELOCITY Maximum wind speed parallel to the line of take off: 8 m/s [15.5 kt] Maximum wind speed for 90 crosswind: 4 m/s [7.8 kt] ATTENTION: do not operate the aircraft if wind velocity exceeds the maximum permissible speed.

  • Page 17: Instrument Board

    C. The lever for dive brakes control is located on the left side of the cockpit (blue color) and the positions OPEN and CLOSE are placarded. D. The trim control (green color) is on the left side of the front cockpit and NOSE HEAVY and TAIL HEAVY positions are placarded.

  • Page 18: Aircraft Operation Instructions

    4 AIRCRAFT OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS NORMAL PROCEDURES 4.1 GENERAL ATTENTION: The recommended procedures described in this section are important. Be sure to follow recommended speeds and all prescribed procedures and inspections. 4.2 RIGGING AND DERIGGING OF THE AIRCRAFT The rigging and derigging of the aircraft should be done by three people. After finishing assembly, check all control surfaces for correct direction of movement and movement throughout the full range up to their stops.

  • Page 19: Manipulation On Ground

    WARNING: After each rigging of the aircraft recheck for correct connection and securing of all pins and connections. It is strongly recommended this duplicate inspection should be carried out by an independent and experienced person. 4.2.3 Derigging of the aircraft Derigging of the aircraft is to be carried out in the reverse sequence of rigging.

  • Page 20: Pre Flight Inspection

    NOTE: if controls for engine extention are also installed in the rear instrument panel, the switches on this panel must be in position ON. If they are in position OFF, controlling from the front seat is not possible. 4.5 PRE FLIGHT INSPECTION Before each flight inspect the aircraft for general condition, damage, incorrect fitting of parts and equipment, dirt, ruptures, clearances and leaks.

  • Page 21: Fuelling And Engine Test

    Read the instructions from the engine manufacturer and follow them. WARNING: While carrying out the engine test, sit in the cockpit with both canopies closed. The aircraft must be secured with chocks. Pay attention – absolutely no one is allowed to be in the plane of propeller rotation nor to be close enough to the fuselage to touch the propeller in any way.
  • Page 22 3. Fit ballast if required 4. Enter the aircraft 5. Adjust the rudder pedals 6. Check the control stick and rudder pedals for full range of motion 8. Adjust and tighten the seat belts 9. Check the zero values of instruments, adjust the altimeter 10.

  • Page 23: Flight

    1. Trim in the middle position, elevator in the full back position. The assistant keeps the wing in the horizontal position. Alternatively, the pilot can take-off independently (initially with one of wingtips on the ground if ground conditions permit). 2. Smoothly increase the engine rpm to set the aircraft into motion. As the aircraft gathers momentum, smoothly position it on to the main wheel.
  • Page 24 6. When one has descended to an altitude unsafe for flying as a pure sailplane, adhere to the following procedure: - select a suitable strip for an emergency landing – perform an approach and landing as desctibed in 4.9 or –...
  • Page 25 hemisphere is good. The view to the left and right rear is partially obscured by the wings, therefore use caution when maneuvering into these directions 3. The recommended thermalling speed is 85-95 km/h (46-51 kt), depending on the flight weight of the aircraft. The aircraft keeps the required attitude and speed with minimal control intervention.

  • Page 26: Approach And Landing

    extension or starting should fail. NOTE: When extending or retracting the engine, the ignition switches must be in OFF position. The controlling electronics do not allow the extending or retracting if these switches are ON. NOTE: The controlling unit does not allow running the starter, if the engine is in any other position than extended.

  • Page 27: Post Flight Inspection

    Flight instruments Surface of the aircraft WARNING: do not operate the aircraft if any damage has occurred ! 4.11 POST FLIGHT INSPECTION Wear and tear of single parts and groups to be inspected as in the pre-flight inspection. Any defects and wear must be repaired. 4.12 REGULAR INSPECTION Carry out the following checks after every flight day: a.

  • Page 28: Aircraft Operation Instructions

    5 AIRCRAFT OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 5.1 GENERAL This section outlines recommended procedures for emergency situations that could occur in flight. Before each flight, be aware of the possibility of an emergency situation, and mentally prepare a plan to resolve the situation. If possible practice the emergency procedures during training.

  • Page 29: Engine Failure

    Performing spins intentionally is prohibited. However, if it occurs by error or by an extraordinary circumstance, execution of the following steps will lead to its recovery: 1. Apply full opposite rudder and at the same time push the control stick to the forward position.

  • Page 30: Engine Fire

    5.6 ENGINE FIRE 5.6.1 Fire with engine extended If there is a fire during the flight, it is caused by failure either of the engine or of the fuel system. Proceed as follows: 1. Switch off the ignition and fuel valve, set up a normal glide. 2.
  • Page 31 2. Main switch off 3. Engine ignition off 4. Fuel valve off 5. Lower the speed to minimum 6. Pull the rocket handle and launch the parachute. In case of a sudden failure or collision with another aircraft, if further flight is impossible even while using emergency procedures, shut off the engine (both ignition and fuel valve) and activate the BRS.

  • Page 32: Maintenance And Inspection Procedure

    6 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION PROCEDURE 6.1 LIFETIME OF THE AIRFRAME The lifetime of the airframe is 2000 flight hours or 20 years (whichever is shorter). These can be prolonged by an authorized inspector who will record it into the airworthiness documents. 6.2 REGULAR MAINTENANCE After each flight day look for ruptures, damage, wear,excessive clearances and malfunctions.

  • Page 33: Instrument Panel

    6.2.5 Instrument Panel Check the fittings on the instrument panel and inspect all instruments. Make sure all instruments, marks, symbols and placards are legible and in good condition. 6.2.6 Undercarriage Inspect the condition of the front, main and tail wheels and their surrounding area. Check the side clearance (max.

  • Page 34: Periodic Inspection

    6.2.12 Propulsion group Maintain the engine in accordance with the manufacturer’s manual. Check that the engine is securely mounted and its parts not damaged. Check the fuel system for leakage. Check the reducer. Check the springs connecting and fixing the exhaust manifold. Check the surface of the propeller and check its fixation and securing.
  • Page 35 Inspection after 25 h ..100 h Engine: proceed according to the Operator’s Manual delivered with the engine. Make all checks and measures required in this manual and further make the following checks: Check the erecting mechanism for function, ruptures, deformations and fixation Check the propeller vertical stopping mechanism Check the engine for leakage Check the exhaust piping for condition and leakage...
  • Page 36 Inspection after 25 h ..100 h Fuselage and tail General check of the surface for ruptures and damage General check of the canopies for ruptures and damage, check of the ventilation and windows After dismounting the check openings in the cockpit floor, check the function, wear and securing of the control elements.

  • Page 37: Adjustments Of Controls

    6.4 ADJUSTMENTS OF CONTROLS With firmly blocked ailerons and elevator, the clearance (measured on the top of the control stick) must not exceed the following values: • +-10 mm for the ailerons • +-10 mm for the elevator. If any excessive clearance is found in the controls, the cause has to be identified and the bearings have to be substituted or the problem consulted with the manufacturer.
  • Page 38 6.6.4 ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS The assembly and derigging of the aircraft can be done by at least three persons. After finishing the assembly, check all control surfaces for correct directions and movability in the whole range up to their stops. For rigging and derigging of the aircraft, see above paragraph 4.2. 6.6.5 GENERAL CARE OF THE AIRCRAFT Store the aircraft in dry and ventilated space.

  • Page 39: Directions For Repairs

    All substitute materials must be equivalent in quality to the original materials. • check strength and tensile strength of all substitute materials • if uncertain of the quality of the substitute material perform a technological test. 7.2 GENERAL REPAIRS 7.2.1 Recommended Procedures for Repairs...

  • Page 40: Transport In The Trailer

    TRANSPORT IN THE TRAILER When loading the aircraft into the trailer, perform the following steps: 1. Put the left wing brackets on the right buggy and insert it into the trailer. Secure the buggy with a cotter pin. 2. The wing tip is hung on the auxiliary suspension inside the trailer. 3.

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