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Summary of Contents for Radius PDR221
- Page 1 Packet Data Radio Installation & Operation Manual PDR221 RADIUS RADIO NETWORK TECHNOLOGY...
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Page 2: Table Of Contents
Quick Start Guide _______________________________________________________ 12 Glossary of Terms ______________________________________________________ 13 dBm to W Conversion Table ______________________________________________________ 14 The PDR221 Radio Transceiver Functionality ________________________________ 15 PDR221 Operation Blocks ________________________________________________________ 15 FEC - Forward Error Correction____________________________________________________ 15 CRC – Cyclic Redundancy Checksum ______________________________________________ 15 Radio Receiver Sensitivity ________________________________________________________ 16 7.4.1... - Page 3 Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 12.5 Function ___________________________________________________________________ 48 12.6 Network ___________________________________________________________________ 48 12.6.1 System ID __________________________________________________________________________48 12.6.2 Radio ID ___________________________________________________________________________48 12.6.3 Repeat Alternative Systems ____________________________________________________________49 12.7 Serial _____________________________________________________________________ 49 12.7.1 Bitrate _____________________________________________________________________________49 12.7.2 Parity______________________________________________________________________________49 12.7.3 Pre DCD ___________________________________________________________________________49 12.7.4 Post DCD __________________________________________________________________________49 12.8...
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Page 4: General
Amendment 2004-10-14 Arto Valtonen First revision 2004-12-14 Arto Valtonen Second revision, spelling correction and correction of system example 1.1.1 RADIUS Contact Information RADIUS Sweden AB RADIUS UK Ltd RADIUS US Inc. Tennvägen 1 Unit 4E 10700 W. Venture Drive SE-371 50 KARLSKRONA... -
Page 5: Find Your Way In The Manual
Chapter 3 gives an introduction to Radius PDR221 system and some application examples. Chapter 4 contains technical specifications for the PDR221. Chapter 5 provides a Quick Start Guide for installation and configuration of the PDR221 Chapter 6 contains a Glossary of Terms. -
Page 6: Introduction
A PDR221 system consists of one master and up to 254 slave radio units. A PDR221 network can contain one repeater. The repeater can operate stand-alone or with an RTU device connected. A PDR221 network can, under normal circumstances, cover an area of at least 50 km from the master. -
Page 7: Typical Application Areas
RADIUS 3.1 Typical Application Areas RADIUS has been a global player in the digital data wireless market for well over a decade, helping a wide range of customers meeting their operational and financial targets. Working with very small companies up to Blue Chip companies, RADIUS has provided products, systems and services to maximise the benefit afforded by their wireless technology. -
Page 8: Examples Of Typical Application Networks
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 3.1.1 Examples of Typical Application Networks 3.1.1.1 Point-to-Point Control System PLC, RTU or other devices. 3.1.1.2 Point-to-Multipoint Control system PLC, RTU or other devices PLC, RTU or other PLC, RTU or other devices devices PLC, RTU or other... - Page 9 Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 3.1.1.3 Water/Wastewater Network Reservoir Pump house Water treatment plant Waste water plant Control system iom_pdr221_04_r02.doc Rev 02 Page 9 (60)
- Page 10 Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 3.1.1.4 Electrical Distribution Network Recloser Metering points Substation Substation Capacitor switch Control system iom_pdr221_04_r02.doc Rev 02 Page 10 (60)
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Page 11: Technical Specifications
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 4 Technical Specifications Radio Transceiver Data Rates 4800…19200 bps Frequency Range UHF 403 to 470 MHz. VHF 132 to 174 MHz. Other bands available on request. Frequency Splits Various Tx/Rx frequency splits configurable Operation modes Half Duplex, Simplex... -
Page 12: Quick Start Guide
1. Install antenna(s) and antenna cable(s). See Radius Antenna Installation Manual. 2. Install the PDR221 in to the RTU cabinet. / Install the PDR221 cabinet. See chapter 9. 3. Connect the antenna cable, ground wire, RS232 cable and power supply to the PDR221. -
Page 13: Glossary Of Terms
The following glossary explains these terms, which can be helpful in understanding the operation of the PDR221. Bit – is the smallest unit of digital data, computational quantity that can take on one of two values, such as false and true or 0 and 1. -
Page 14: Dbm To W Conversion Table
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS Peer-to-Peer – Peer-to-Peer is a communications model in which each party has the same capabilities and any party can initiate a communication session. Other models with which it might be compared to, include the client/server model and the master/slave model. In some cases, peer- to-peer communications is implemented by giving each communication node both server and client capabilities. -
Page 15: The Pdr221 Radio Transceiver Functionality
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 7 The PDR221 Radio Transceiver Functionality This chapter describes the PDR221 radio functionality. 7.1 PDR221 Operation Blocks The figure below shows the basic building blocks of the PDR221. PDR221 RS232 Radio 4 level FSK Transciever Modulation RS232 to RF Serial data is received on the serial port. -
Page 16: Radio Receiver Sensitivity
This means that there is less than 1 bit error out of 1 million bits when the signal strength at the receiver is at –110 dBm. It is important to know that this value in many cases can depend on the bit pattern used. RADIUS uses a random bit pattern to determine receiver sensitivity, which includes all possible bit pattern variations. -
Page 17: Rssi - Received Signal Strength Indication
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 7.6 RSSI – Received Signal Strength Indication The RSSI value can be used to determine the quality of a radio link. The RSSI values can be retrieved by executing the Radio Link Test in the configuration menus, see 12.8.6. -
Page 18: Differences Between Pdr221 Models
RADIUS 7.7 Differences between PDR221 Models All models of the PDR221 are very similar in appearance and functionality. The only differences are in frequency coverage, channel bandwidth and radio data speed. The table below summarizes the available models and identifies the characteristics of each. -
Page 19: Communication
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 7.8 Communication The system distinguishes between direct slaves and slaves via repeater. A direct slave can only receive data from, and transmit data to, the master in the system. A slave via repeater can only receive data from, and transmit data to, the repeater in the system. - Page 20 Product Description PDR221 RADIUS When a repeater is part of the system, as in figure 5, then all slaves, which will communicate directly to the master, should be configured as slave with repeater delay. The slaves that will communicate via a repeater should be configured as slave via repeater and the repeaters as slave and repeater.
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Page 21: Peer-To-Peer
RADIUS 7.9 Peer-to-Peer The PDR221 also offers peer-to-peer communication. When a unit is transmitting, all units receive the message and then transmit the message on their serial interface. When using as a peer-to-peer radio system it is not possible to use repeaters. All units shall be configured as peer-to-peer. -
Page 22: Operating The Pdr221
RS-232 connection For connection of the serial cable. 9-pole D-sub plug Configuration Mode (Yellow) Lit when the PDR221 is in configuration mode System Detect (Yellow) Lit (flashed) if the radio detects a PDR transmission from another system. I.e. not valid system Carrier Detect (Yellow) Lit (flashed) when a carrier is detected. -
Page 23: Collision Avoidance
RTU network. The basic strategy is that the PDR221 always listens to the radio channel. If it detects a transmission from another radio, it will not start a transmission until the ongoing transmission is finished. - Page 24 Note! Many DNP3 RTU’s have internal collision avoidance mechanisms. Those must be considered when configuring the PDR221. Note! The re-transmission delay of the RTU’s must be adapted to the Collision Avoidance delays of the RTU.
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Page 25: Remote Frequency Change
The routing technique used in a PDR network allows the user to tie several RTU’s to the same PDR221 transceiver. This is achieved by simply configuring several RTU addresses to the same radio id in the configuration network menu. See chapter 12.5. To be able to communicate to several RTU’s from the slave radio, a RS485 interface is needed. -
Page 26: Split Transmitting And Receiving Frequencies
RADIUS 8.7 Split transmitting and receiving frequencies If desired, the PDR221 can be configured to operate with separate Tx and Rx frequencies. For example, the master can be configured to transmit at 142.000 MHz and to receive at 147.000 MHz. -
Page 27: Split Tx Uplink Frequency
8.9 Repeating Alternative Systems Normally, a PDR221 unit discards radio messages containing a non- valid System ID. However, it is possible to configure up to four alternative system ids. This allows two - or more - parallel systems to use one another’s radio units as repeaters. -
Page 28: Installation
The conductor area of each cable should, at least, be 1.5mm (18 AWG). 9.2.1 Recommended minimum demands: When using power supply unit which has not been delivered by Radius following minimum demands should be followed: Voltage: 12.5VDC nom. -
Page 29: Battery Power Supply
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 9.3 Battery Power Supply If a re-chargeable battery is to be used, the connection shall be made as follows; Power Supply Battery Note! The Battery Input shall only be used for non-rechargeable batteries. iom_pdr221_04_r02.doc Rev 02... -
Page 30: Serial Interface
RADIUS 9.4 Serial Interface The PDR221 is connected to the control system / RTU via the RS-232 interface. The serial data transmission is full duplex with selectable data speeds between 600 and 19200 bps, with or without parity. See chapter 12.7 for configuration. -
Page 31: Serial Cable Configurations
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 9.4.2 Serial Cable Configurations DB9F = D-Sub, 9 pin, Female DB9M = D-Sub, 9 pin, Male DB25F = D-Sub, 25 pin, Female DB25M = D-Sub, 25 pin, Male 9.4.2.1 DTE – DCE Cable Type 1 Cable Type 2... - Page 32 Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 9.4.2.2 DCE – DCE Cable Type 8 Cable Type 9 Cable Type 7 PDR (DCE) PDR (DCE) PDR (DCE) DB9M DB9M DB9M DB9M DB9M DB9M DCD 1 ⊃ ⊂ 1 DCD DCD 1 ⊃ ⊂ 1 DCD DCD 1 ⊃...
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Page 33: Eom - End Of Message - Detection
RADIUS 9.4.3 EOM – End of Message - Detection The PDR221 detects the end of the serial message either by using the RTS signal from the connected device or by measuring the time between received characters. If handshaking with RTS is not used in the communication between the connected device and the PDR221, the interruption in the bit stream from the control system is used to determine the End of Message. -
Page 34: Cabinet Mounting
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 9.5 Cabinet Mounting 9.5.1 PDR 221 mounted in cabinet If the PDR221 can be delivered mounted in a cabinet. Below is an example. Figure 5. PDR 121 mounted in cabinet. Object Name Description PDR221 Data radio. -
Page 35: Accessories
Radius provides a wide range of accessories and spare parts for radios and radio network installations. All equipments have been tested to be appropriate for use with RADIUS radios and have been selected by people with many years of radio network experience. -
Page 36: Radio Networking
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 11 Radio Networking This chapter general radio network equipment, terms and how to calculate a “Radio Link Budget”. This information can be useful when planning a radio network, but is not essential for using the PDR221. -
Page 37: Antenna Types
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 11.1.2 Antenna Types There are basically two categories of antennas, omni-directional and directional. An omni- directional antenna radiates in all directions. A directional antenna radiates in one direction only. An omni-directional antenna should not be confused with an isotropic radiator. While an isotropic radiator will radiate in all 3 dimensional directions, an omni-directional antenna may not radiate vertically (up or down). -
Page 38: Antenna Gain Versus Radio Output Power
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 11.1.2.2 Omni-Directional Antenna Here is an example of an omni-directional antenna. In this case it is a ground plane antenna. 11.1.3 Antenna Gain versus Radio Output Power Increasing the receiver sensitivity by 3dBm is equal to doubling the output power. -
Page 39: Fade Margin
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 11.2 Fade Margin Fade Margin is an expression for how much margin - in dB - there is between the received signal strength level and the receiver sensitivity of the radio. The figure below describes the term fade margin. Site A is transmitting with 33dBm (2W) power. -
Page 40: Radio Link Calculations
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 11.3 Radio Link Calculations This section contains some useful formulas for radio “link budget” calculations. Note that the calculations are based on assumptions of certain circumstances and should only be used as a guideline for radio network design. In reality, many factors can have an impact on the radio link. - Page 41 Product Description PDR221 RADIUS Example 1 D = 12.5 miles (20 kilometres) F = 142.000 MHz Ht = 65 feet (20 meters) Hr = 16 feet (5 meters) A = 117 + 40 x log 12.5 + 20 x log 142 – 20 x log(65 x 16) 117 + 43.8764 + 43.0457 –...
- Page 42 Product Description PDR221 RADIUS Example 1 Is the radio link theoretically possible? Calculation of fade margin FM; Distance = 3 miles (5km) Antenna height 1 = 65 feet (20 meters) Antenna height 2 = 16 feet (5 meters) Radio Tx Power...
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Page 43: Line Of Sight Calculations
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 11.3.2 Line Of Sight Calculations The formulas below are to be used when there is no terrain or obstacles that can interfere with the radio signal (line of sight). The first calculation to be made is the FSL, Free Space Loss. The FSL value tells how much the signal strength is decreased due to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. - Page 44 Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 11.3.2.1 Radio Link Budget FM = Srx + Ptx + Gtx + FSL + Grx – Cl This fomula can be used to calculate any of the factors within. FM = Fade Margin (See chapter 11.2).
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Page 45: Configuration
Software: PDR221S v1.0 Build Jul 14 2004 AN:124356-1 SwNo:51 HwNo:18 Executing Press C to enter configuration mode Note! If the PDR221 was powered up before connected to the terminal program, you need to press ‘C’ to enter the configuration menus. iom_pdr221_04_r02.doc Rev 02... -
Page 46: Configuration Menus Overview
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 12.3 Configuration Menus Overview Packet Data Radio – PDR221 Copyright RADIUS Sweden AB Software: PDR221S v1.0 Build Jul 14 2004 AN:124356-1 SwNo:51 HwNo:18 1. Function : Master 2. Network 3. Serial 4. Radio 5. Advanced 6. List Configuration E. - Page 47 Product Description PDR221 RADIUS Current Configuration : Function : Master System Id : 01 Radio Id : 02 Serial : 9600 8N1 Inter Character Timeout : 100 ms Use RTS : 0 ms Pre DCD : 0 ms See 12.10, page...
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Page 48: Configuration Menus
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 12.4 Configuration Menus After pressing ‘C’, the main menu is displayed. Packet Data Radio - PDR221 Copyright RADIUS Sweden AB Software: PDR221S v1.0 Build Jul 14 2004 AN:124356-1 SwNo:51 HwNo:18 1. Function : Master 2. Network 3. -
Page 49: Repeat Alternative Systems
Selection of the space, in time, allowed between characters in a serial telegram, which is accepted by the PDR221. This can be specified between 0-999 ms. When in the OFF mode, the PDR 221 will allow eternal time between characters in an incoming telegram. See chapter 9.4.3. -
Page 50: Radio
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 12.8 Radio The Radio menu contains collision avoidance settings and various test functions. Radio 1. Collision Avoidance Delay : ON 2. Collision Avoidance Delay Min : 500 ms 3. Collision Avoidance Delay Max : 2000 ms 4. -
Page 51: Advanced
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 12.9 Advanced The advanced menu is password protected. Only, by the system owner, authorized persons shall have access to this menu since the frequency and output power of the radio can be changed here. Advanced 1. Detected Radio Type : UHF Low 435..451 MHz... -
Page 52: Tx Power Level
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 12.9.8 Tx Power Level The transmitter power level can be adjusted between 10…33 dBm / 0.01…2.0 W in steps of 1 dBm by using the + / - keys. Note! VHF radio modules Tx power level range is limited to 20…33 dBm / 0.1…2.0 W. -
Page 53: Terminal Bitrate
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 12.9.12 Terminal Bitrate The default terminal interface speed is 57600 bps. This can be changed to 1200 or 9600 bps if required. Note that the change will have immediate effect. Terminal Bitrate Will have immediate effect! 1. -
Page 54: Radio Test Functions
For secure data transmission, the attenuation levels 0, 1 and 2 should be without faults. On attenuation level 2, the bit error rate should be below 10% (100 bit errors). Please contact Radius support to evaluate any test results. - Page 55 Product Description PDR221 RADIUS Figure 10 describes a bit error rate test between the master and the slave with the identity 02. Bit error rate tests can be carried out between all radio types. Bit error rate test Attenuator detected...
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Page 56: Communication Test
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 13.2 Communication Test The communication test is used to test complete communication path between two radio units in the network. Five attempts are carried out per test. If acknowledge is received from the opposite radio, Passed is presented on the screen. If no acknowledge is received, Failed is presented. See the menu example below. -
Page 57: Radio Link Test
Product Description PDR221 RADIUS 13.3 Radio Link Test The Radio Link Test is used to check the RSSI levels (Received Signal Strength Indication) and the Tx power levels of the radios on a chosen link in the radio network. Radio Link Test... -
Page 58: Trouble Shooting
Is the correct type of cable is used to the RS323 interface according to chapter 4. 14.2 Support Please contact RADIUS for support and further troubleshooting. Please write down the serial number on the product in question and a description of the products behaviour when the error was noted before contacting RADIUS, so that we can provide fast and correct help. - Page 59 Product Description PDR221 RADIUS AppendixA – PDR 221 Layout Drawing iom_pdr221_04_r02.doc Rev 02 Page 59 (60)
- Page 60 Product Description PDR221 RADIUS Reference Document Description [ 1 ] ANTENNAS Antenna equipment - installation description [ 2 ] MAINTMAN Maintenance Manual [ 3 ] [ 4 ] iom_pdr221_04_r02.doc Rev 02 Page 60 (60)
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