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FK-Lightplanes FK 12 S2 Comet Manual

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Airplane Manual
FK 12 S2 Comet
Certified as LSA or Ultralight according
BFU 95 / LTF-UL 2003
This manual must be carried in the
aircraft at all times.
This is the Pilot's operating manual and
approved flight manual.
Manufacturer: FK-Lightplanes Krosno – Poland
Design Organisation and Holder on Product Rights:
B&F Technik Vertiebs GmbH Speyer - Germany
Kennblatt Nr. 61158.4
Serial Nr.: _____
Manual Nr.:
12 S2-____-__E

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  • Page 1 Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 Comet Certified as LSA or Ultralight according Kennblatt Nr. 61158.4 BFU 95 / LTF-UL 2003 This manual must be carried in the Serial Nr.: _____ aircraft at all times. Manual Nr.: This is the Pilot’s operating manual and approved flight manual.

  • Page 2: Revision Fe Section 0 Page

    B&F Technik Vertiebs GmbH Speyer – Germany Anton-Dengler-Str. 8 D-67346 Speyer Tel.: +49 (0) 6232 – 72076 Fax: +49 (0) 6232 – 72078 email: info@fk-lightplanes.com Service & parts only via service@fk-lightplanes.com homepage: www.fk-servicecenter.com Important service informations / bulletins can be obtained from our website.

  • Page 3: Fk Lightplanes Page

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Section 0 page 0-2 Valid Pages from 1. of December 2016 Page Revision Date Page Revision Date 1.2.13 1.12.16 1.2.13 1.2.13 1.2.13 1.2.13 1.2.13 1.2.13 1.2.13 1.2.13 1.12.16 1.2.13 1.12.16 1.12.16 1.12.16 1.12.16 1.2.13...

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Section 0 page 0-3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. GENERAL ................. 1-1 1.1. Airplane Three Side View ........... 1-2 1.2. Technical Data ............1-4 1.3. Abbreviations and Terminology........ 1-4 2. LIMITATIONS ................2-1 2.1.
  • Page 5 Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Section 0 page 0-4 2.15. Placards ............... 2-6 3. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ..........3-1 3.1. General ................ 3-1 3.2. Engine Failure ............. 3-1 3.3. Fuel Pressure Low ............3-1 3.4. Generator Fault ............3-1 3.5.
  • Page 6 Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Section 0 page 0-5 4.8. Climb ................4-6 4.9. Cruise ................4-6 4.10. Descent ................ 4-6 4.11. Landing ................ 4-7 4.12. Touch and Go.............. 4-8 4.13. After Landing / Parking ..........4-8 5.
  • Page 7 Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Section 0 page 0-6 7.6. Seatbelts and Rudder Pedals ........7-3 7.7. Canopy ................. 7-3 7.8. Engine ................7-3 7.9. Fuel System..............7-4 7.10. Brakes ................7-4 7.11. Heating and Ventilation ..........7-4 7.12.
  • Page 8 Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Section 0 page 0-7 8.14. Weighing ..............8-5 8.15. Mounting / Maintenance of the Rescue System ..8-5 8.16. Assembly of the Aircraft ..........8-6 9. SUPPLEMENTS ................ 9-1 9.1. General ................ 9-1 9.2.

  • Page 9: General

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE General page 1-1 General This manual must be read carefully by the owner and operator in order to become familiar with the operation of the FK 12 Comet. The manual presents suggestions and recommendations to help obtain safe and maximum performance without sacrificing economy.

  • Page 10: Airplane Three Side View

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE General page 1-2 1.1. Airplane Three Side View...
  • Page 11 Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE General page 1-3...

  • Page 12: Technical Data

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision 1 General page 1-4 1.2. Technical Data Wing span: 6,40 m Wing area: 13,1 m² Length: 5,99 m 1.3. Abbreviations and Terminology a) Speeds Indicated airspeed = speed as shown on the airspeed indicator Calibrated Airspeed is the indicated airspeed, corrected for position and instrument error.
  • Page 13 Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision 1 General page 1-5 c) Weight and Balance Reference An imaginary vertical plane from which all horizontal Datum distances are measured for balance purposes The horizontal distance from the reference datum to the center of gravity of an item Moment The product of the weight of an item multiplied by its arm...

  • Page 14: Limitations

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision 1 Limitations page 2-1 Limitations 2.1. General This chapter contains limitations, instrument markings and placards required for the safe operation of the aircraft. Limitations valid for additional equipment can be found in chapter 9 (supplements).

  • Page 15: Power Plant Limitations

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision 1 Limitations page 2-2 2.4. Power Plant Limitations This is summary of the engine manual. In case of any discrepancy the engine manual shall apply. ROTAX 912 ULS Max. T/O power 73,5 kW (100hp) at 5800 RPM Max.

  • Page 16: Propeller

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision 1 Limitations page 2-3 2.5. Propeller Engine Propeller Diameter ROTAX 912 S Warp / DUC / Woodcomp 68 inch (1720 mm) ROTAX 912 S MT 183 R 140 - 2M 71 inch (1800mm) ROTAX 912 S Neuform 3-Blatt 67 inch (1700mm)

  • Page 17: Maneuvers

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision 1 Limitations page 2-4 2.8. Maneuvers The FK 12 is certified as an LSA / Ultralight. Acrobatic maneuvers, including spins, bank angles greater than 60°, as well as IFR and VFR night are prohibited. Specific acrobatic maneuvers will be approved for the LSA version after completion of required flight tests.

  • Page 18: Fuel / Oil / Coolant

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Limitations page 2-5 2.11. Fuel / Oil / Coolant see engine operating manual also! Tank 58 Ltr = 31,3 USG (2 Ltr = 1,08 USG not useable) Fuel Compare engine limitations Unleaded fuel without Bioethanol recommended AVGAS should only be used if MOGAS is not available or in case of problems caused by vapour locks...

  • Page 19: Placards

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision 1 Limitations page 2-6 2.15. Placards Location: Placard: In the Cockpit max. TOW 1042lbs (472,5kg) max. TOW 1147lbs (520kg) depending on certification (UL/LSA) spins and acrobatics prohibited Cockpit Weighing date: Empty weight: Poss.

  • Page 20: Emergency Procedures

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision 1 Emergency Procedures page 3-1 Emergency Procedures 3.1. General The following information is presented to enable the pilot to form, in advance, a definite plan of action for coping with the most probable emergency situations which could occur in the operation of the airplane.

  • Page 21: Emergency Landing

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision 1 Emergency Procedures page 3-2 3.6. Emergency Landing Glide speed…………………………………………57 kt 105 km/h flaps pos. 1 Emergency field…………………………………………………………..select Emergency call (121,5 MHz)…………………………………………..perform Throttle………………………………………………………….…………..close Electrical fuel pump…………………………………………………………..OFF Fuel selector…………………………………………………………………..OFF Ignition / Battery switch………………………………………………………OFF Safety belts……………………………………………………………..pull tight Final, landing assured: Flaps ……………………………………………………….………..…...full down...

  • Page 22: Engine / Carburetor Fire

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision 1 Emergency Procedures page 3-3 3.9. Engine / Carburetor Fire fuel selector………..………………………………………….………….….OFF throttle…………………………………………………….……………..full open electrical fuel pump…………………………………………………………...OFF cabin heat……………………………………………………….....OFF in flight:..perform Emergency Landing or consider use of Rescue System on ground:………………..……………………………………..stop the aircraft if required: starter……………………………………………………………………….engage 3.10.

  • Page 23: Normal Procedures

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision 1 Normal Procedures page 4-1 Normal Procedures 4.1. General This chapter deals with the normal procedures recommended for the safe operation of the FK 12. 4.2. Regular Inspection If there is damage it is recommended to consult a certified maintenance facility or contact the manufacturer.
  • Page 24 Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision 1 Normal Procedures page 4-2 Cockpit Battery / ignition Cabin no loose objects * Flight controls connected and secured * Belts, seats check Fuel quantity check * Fuel lines, tank mounting check Rescue system remove safety pin Instruments...
  • Page 25 Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Normal Procedures page 4-3 Outside check Wings, fuselage and rudder must be checked for damage. In cold and moist weather conditions the ceconite can loose tension. If there is no structural damage it can be carefully treated with a hair dryer to bring up the tension.

  • Page 26: Engine Starting

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Normal Procedures page 4-4 4.4. Engine Starting Seat belts fastened Canopy closed and locked Fuel selector OPEN All electrical equipment Circuit breaker check Instruments check Rescue system check safety pin removed Battery switch Ignition Electrical fuel pump...

  • Page 27: Before Take-Off

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision 1 Normal Procedures page 4-5 4.6. Before Take-off Brakes set; brakes must hold at least 3200 RPM Instruments check Choke Magnetos check at min. 2800 RPM; variance between magnetos max. 115 RPM, max.

  • Page 28: Climb

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision 1 Normal Procedures page 4-6 4.8. Climb Oil temperature max. 266°F (130°C) max. 248°F (120°C) 4.9. Cruise Oil temperature max. 266°F (130°C) max. 248°F (120°C) Speed as required Trim Fuel monitor For values of fuel flow and range check chapter 5. During flights in sunny weather conditions, it is recommended to assure proper protection against heatstroke.

  • Page 29: Landing

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision 1 Normal Procedures page 4-7 4.11. Landing Normal Landing Speed reduce to 65 kt / 120 km/h Flaps set Pos. 1 Speed 57 kt / 105 km/h (rain + 3 kt / 5 km/h) Electrical fuel pump Short prior touchdown start flare to achieve touchdown at minimum...

  • Page 30: Touch And Go

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision 1 Normal Procedures page 4-8 4.12. Touch and Go Flaps retract to Pos. 1 Carburetor heat cold Trim set takeoff position Throttle advance slowly to full power at 51 kt / 95 km/h rotate Speed 57 kt / 105 km/h...

  • Page 31: Performance

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Performance page 5-1 Performance 5.1. General The graphs and tables in this section present performance information corrected for the conditions of ICAO Standard Atmosphere. These data do not contain any safety margin and are based on a clean and well serviced aircraft as well as the application of the mentioned procedures.

  • Page 32: Cruise Performance

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision 1 Performance page 5-2 5.3. Cruise Performance The following table presents data for fuel consumption and range. For flight planning purpose add a safety margin of at least 10%. range [NM/USG] consumption [USG/h] speed IAS [kt] Range [km/l] Consumption [l/h]...

  • Page 33: Weight And Balance

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Weight & Balance page 6-1 Weight and Balance 6.1. General To achieve the mentioned performance data and flying abilities, the aircraft must be operated within certified weight and balance limits. Although the aircraft has a wide range for weight and balance, it might be not possible to fly with full baggage load, full fuel and 2 heavy pilots at the same time.

  • Page 34: Determination Of C.g. For The Flight

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Weight & Balance page 6-2 Formula to compute the center of gravity (X): GG = total weight Center of Gravity in [mm] GH = weight aft GR GL GH L GR = weight right X mm GL = weight left Arms (Datum: wing leading edge):...
  • Page 35 Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Weight & Balance page 6-3 Example: First the Basic Empty Moment (example 108,9 mkg) must be taken from the respective Basic Empty Weight and Balance Form (Wägebericht). The graph must be entered with this value to the row PILOT. Here the weight of the pilot has to be taken into consideration (for 90 kg about 9 units to the right), the next lower row takes care of the weight of the passenger (for 50 kg about 5 units to the right).
  • Page 36 Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Weight & Balance page 6-4 Insert “Loadsheet FK12 S2” (DIN A4) here.

  • Page 37: Systems Description

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE System Description page 7-1 Systems Description 7.1. General The FK 12 is a two-seat ultralight biplane with tailwheel and aerodynamic steering. The wings have flaperons which can be set to three positions. The tailwheel is connected to the rudder.

  • Page 38: Rescue System

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE System Description page 7-2 Controls to operate flaps, throttle and trim are located at the sidewall. Controls to operate rescue system, choke, cabin heat and carburetor heat are located at the center console. The brake handle for both wheels is at the control stick, or the aircraft is equipped with single wheel brakes activated by the rudder pedals.

  • Page 39: Tyres

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE System Description page 7-3 7.4. Tyres Wheel Size Pressure Main 6.00 x 6 or 4.00 x 6 29 psi / 2 bar Tail 125 x 40 7.5. Baggage There is one baggage compartment ahead of the front instrument panel with a maximum capacity of 18 lbs (8 kg).

  • Page 40: Fuel System

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Systems Description page 7-4 7.9. Fuel System There is one fuel tank with 31,3 USG (58 Ltr) capacity mounted below the front instrument panel. The fuel valve is located at the center console with positions ON and OFF.
  • Page 41 Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Systems Description page 7-5 The electrical panel contains most of the switches and electric fuses. The electrical system is designed for a maximum load of 12 A. Connecting a lot of high drain components (landing lights etc.) may result in a higher load. This can lead to overheating and / or an electrical smoke / fire condition and must be avoided under all circumstances.

  • Page 42: Handling, Servicing And Maintenance

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Handling, Serv.& Maint. page 8-1 Handling, Servicing and Maintenance 8.1. General Every owner of an FK 12 should keep close contact to the manufacturer for best support. 8.2. Ground Handling Aircraft should be parked with the nose facing into the wind and secured by putting chocks in front of the wheels.

  • Page 43: Regular Maintenance And Lubrication Schedule

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision 1 Handling, Serv.& Maint. page 8-2 8.5. Regular Maintenance and Lubrication Schedule The following actions must be performed after certain flight hours or time intervals as applicable. There are some actions which must be done for the first time after the very first 2 / 10 / 25 flight hours.
  • Page 44 Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Handling, Serv.& Maint. page 8-3 insert maintenance schedule FK Airframe (DIN A4) here.

  • Page 45: Control Surface Angle

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Handling, Serv.& Maint. page 8-4 8.8. Control Surface Angle Angle [°] Tolerance [°] Elevator +2 / -2 Down +2 / -2 Rudder Right +1 / -1 Left +1 / -1 Aileron (Flaps –10°) +1 / -1 Down +1 / -1...

  • Page 46: Materials For Minor Repairs

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Handling, Serv.& Maint. page 8-5 The subsidiary structure contains of: front fuselage covers / cowlings (glass fibre composite) wheel pants (glass fibre composite) spinner inside cockpit: covers / consoles / floor skin 8.11.

  • Page 47: Assembly Of The Aircraft

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Handling, Serv.& Maint. page 8-6 8.16. Assembly of the Aircraft Assemble the aircraft as follows: Check all parts for damage Check fuselage and wings for loose or foreign objects Connect the pitot tube line (only if the wing has been removed completely) Unfold both wings and close / secure the upper and lower bolts Connect and secure the ailerons;...

  • Page 48: Supplements

    Airplane Manual FK 12 S2 FK Lightplanes Revision FE Supplements page 9-1 Supplements 9.1. General This chapter contains information concerning additional or differing equipment of the aircraft. Additional manuals and other useful information are indicated. 9.2. Engine Manual A separate manual for the engine is supplied with every aircraft. Specifications of this manual are part of the airplane manual and must be observed.

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