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Lumistar LS-3x Series User Manual

Multi-mode if processing engine
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LS-3x Series
Multi-Mode IF Processing Engine
Product User's Manual
Document: U35XXXXX
Editor:
Date:
Release:
5870 El Camino Real
Carlsbad, California 92008
Preliminary
D. Spielman
June/2009
Initial
Lumistar, Inc.
(760) 431-2181
www.lumi-star.com

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  • Page 1 LS-3x Series Multi-Mode IF Processing Engine Product User’s Manual Preliminary Document: U35XXXXX Editor: D. Spielman Date: June/2009 Release: Initial Lumistar, Inc. 5870 El Camino Real Carlsbad, California 92008 (760) 431-2181 www.lumi-star.com...
  • Page 2 Lumistar, Inc. has been advised of such possibilities, as a result of this document or the usage of items described within. The entire liability of Lumistar, Inc. shall be limited to the amount paid for this document and its contents.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Mission Command ..................42 4.1.3 Setup Command ..................42 4.1.4 Mode Command ..................42 4.1.5 View, Tools, & About Commands ............. 43 LS-25 D (DCVT )........... 44 OWNCONVERTER 4.2.1 Downconverter Status Display ..............44 U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 3 January /2009...
  • Page 4 4.3.2.3.4 Invert G1/ G2 .................. 56 4.3.3 PSK Receiver Secondary Sub-Tab ............56 4.3.3.1 Stream Control ..................57 4.3.3.2 Recombine Location ................57 4.3.3.3 Stream Swap Location ................58 4.3.3.4 Invert Location..................58 U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 4 January /2009...
  • Page 5 4.6.1.1.7 I & Q Data routing ................72 4.6.1.1.8 Carrier Enable Checkbox..............72 4.6.1.1.9 Modulation Enable Checkbox............72 4.6.1.1.10 Noise Enable Checkbox..............72 4.6.1.1.11 C/N Level ..................73 4.6.1.1.12 FM Peak Deviation Factor ............74 U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 5 January /2009...
  • Page 6 4.7.2.1.8 Calibrate Fixed Noise Button............83 4.7.2.1.9 Reset Button..................83 (BBOUT) ............84 ASEBAND UTPUT APPENDIX......................85 PSK-PSK M ....................85 FM-FM M ....................86 PSK-FM M ....................87 ................88 OPPLER REQUENCY HIFT U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 6 January /2009...

  • Page 7: January /2009

    LS-3x Product User’s Manual & C RROR ETECTION ORRECTION SING ONVOLUTIONAL ODES AND THE ......................89 ITERBI ECODER 5.5.1 Convolutional Code Parameters............... 89 5.5.2 and the Fundamentals of Bit Error Rate Testing (BERT)....91 U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 7 January /2009...
  • Page 8 Figure 4-28 Examples of Spectra With /Without Noise Added (SOQPSK) ....73 Figure 4-29 Examples of Constellation With /Without Noise Added (SOQPSK) ..73 Figure 4-30 Modulator Secondary Sub-Tab ..............76 Figure 4-31 Pre-Detection Diversity Combiner Block Diagram ........80 U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 8 January /2009...

  • Page 9: January /2009

    Figure 5-2 LS-3x FM-FM mode Simplified FPGA Block Diagram (IF & Baseband Signals) ........................86 Figure 5-3 LS-3x PSK-FM Mode Simplified FPGA Block Diagram (IF & Baseband Signals) ........................87 Figure 5-4 Convolutional Encoder, K=7, Rate 1/2 ............90 U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 9 January /2009...

  • Page 10: January /2009

    LS-3x Product User’s Manual LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1 LS-3x Performance Specification..............17 U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 10 January /2009...

  • Page 11: Introduction

    1 Introduction General The Lumistar LS-3x Multi-Mode IF Processing Engine is part of the Lumistar family of digital processing boards used to build programmable telemetry systems. As shown in Figure 1-5 on page 18, the LS-3x consists of an analog front end and a 10 million gate FPGA based digital processing engine.

  • Page 12: Lumistar Ls-3 X -V (Vertical Signal Interface )

    LS-3x Product User’s Manual Lumistar LS-3x-V (Vertical Signal Interface) The LS-3x-V is shown in Figure 1-1 below. In this variant, the primary IF signals are not brought out on the cards front panel, but instead are made available via vertically mounted SMB connectors on the left edge of the card.

  • Page 13: Figure 1-2 Ls-3X-F With Faceplate Signal Interface

    LS-3x Product User’s Manual Lumistar LS-3x-F (Faceplate Signal Interface) The LS-3x-F is shown in Figure 1-2 below. In this variant, the primary IF signals are brought out on the cards faceplate and are made available via horizontally mounted SMB connectors on the left edge of the card. This variant of the LS-3x allows the system designer to connect all of the critical baseband and IF signals of the card to other cards in the same chassis, or cards in other chassis, via the faceplate.

  • Page 14: Figure 1-3 Ls-3X-Itb Optional Interface Transition Board

    LS-3x Product User’s Manual Lumistar LS-3x-ITB (Interface Transition Board) The optional LS-3x-ITB, Interface Transition Board allows the system designer to have access to many of the signals (TTL, RS-422, LVTTL, baseband and IF) coming from and going to the LS-3x. The LS-3x-ITB plugs into the very high density (VHDCI-68) connector on the right card edge of the LS-3x as shown in Figure 1-3 below.

  • Page 15: Lumistar Ls-3 X -F (Faceplate Signal Interface )

     Chapter 3 provides hardware installation and configuration instructions  Chapter 4 provides initial setup and checkout instructions  Chapter 5 provides additional setup instructions when using Lumistar downconverter boards Throughout this document, several document flags will be utilized to emphasis warnings or other important data.
  • Page 16 LS-3x Product User’s Manual U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 16 January /2009...
  • Page 17 SMB Jack (J6) HD26 Female Clock and data signals, IRIG Input (J8) Environmental Temperature, Operational to 70 C (Commercial)  t o 70 Temperature, Storage Humidity, non-condensing <40 C 0-90%, >40 C 0-75% U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 17 January /2009...

  • Page 18: Figure 1-5 Ls-3X Block Diagram

    LS-3x Product User’s Manual Figure 1-5 LS-3x Block Diagram U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 18 January /2009...

  • Page 19: Firmware And Software Installation

    The file name for the install wizard will be Setup_LS35_[Version Number]. Depending on the operating system version, one may see a security warning dialog box like the one shown below. Click “Run” to start the install. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 19 January /2009...
  • Page 20 LS-3x Product User’s Manual When the LRR system installer starts running, the user will see a splash screen like the one shown below. Click on the “Next” button to proceed with the installation. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 20 January /2009...
  • Page 21 LS-3x Product User’s Manual The LRR system installer will create a “Lumistar” subdirectory on the “C” drive of the computer and will proceed to install the software in that location. The user may optionally choose to install the LRR system in some other location on the hard drive and my do so by changing the path by clicking on the “Browse”...
  • Page 22 After the Visual C 2005 component installation, the user may occasionally see a DOS window put up on the screen like the one shown above. This dialog box may be ignored by enter “C” on the keyboard, after which it will disappear. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 22 January /2009...
  • Page 23 LS-3x Product User’s Manual The final step in the installation is the re-booting of the computer as shown in the dialog box below. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 23 January /2009...

  • Page 24: Step Two - Installing The Firmware License Files

    Depending on the configuration that was purchased, the user my have one, two, or three files to copy. The actual path of the required directory is: C:\Lumistar\LRR System\System\HardwareConfiguration\Ls35_Bin. After the installation is complete, double click on LS35 icon in the desktop to start the program.

  • Page 25: Step Three - Installing The Device Driver File Into Microsoft Windows

    Microsoft Windows Update site on the internet to find the device driver for the new hardware. As shown below, click the No, not this time radio button and then click Next. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 25 January /2009...
  • Page 26 In our case, we want to load the device driver from a location on the computer’s hard drive. To do this, click on the Install from a list or specific location radio button and then click Next as shown below. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 26 January /2009...
  • Page 27 Select the Search for the best driver in these locations radio button. Check the box next to Include this location in the search and navigate to the directory: C;\Lumistar\LRR System\Driver Tools by clicking the Browse button. Click the Next button to proceed.
  • Page 28 Windows then tries to install the driver but at this point does not know where it is. To set the location of the driver, click the OK button. The Files Needed dialog box appears as shown below. Click on the Browse button and navigate to the \Lumistar\LRR System\Driver Tools directory. Click the OK button to proceed. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc.
  • Page 29 Windows completes the installation of the device driver and concludes with the window shown below. To complete the installation, click on the Finish button. Windows will then inform you that the newly discovered hardware is ready to use. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 29 January /2009...

  • Page 30: Hardware Installation

    Figure 3-3 on page 33 documents how to set the switch. Interconnection The LS-3x Series Multi-Mode IF Processing Engine PCI card is connected to the other components of the telemetry system as shown in Figure 3-1 below. The “-V” variant of the LS-3x allows the system designer to keep all of the critical baseband and IF signals of the card within the chassis.

  • Page 31: Figure 3-1 Ls-3X Interconnection Block Diagram

    “–V” and “–F” variants have the discrete I/O connector, J8 mounted on the faceplate. A “pigtail” connector is supplied with the LS-3x that breaks out each of the signals on J8 into separate coax connections. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 31 January /2009...

  • Page 32: Figure 3-2 Ls-3X Front & Rear Views

    LS-3x are provided by the very high density (VHDCI-68) connector, J17, located on the right card edge of the LS-3x. The individual pin assignments of J17 are documented in Figure 3-4 on page 34. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 32 January /2009...

  • Page 33: Figure 3-3 Ls-3X-F Faceplate Connectors

    LS-3x Product User’s Manual Figure 3-3 LS-3x-F Faceplate Connectors U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 33 January /2009...

  • Page 34: Figure 3-4 Ls-3X Very High Density Cable Interconnect (Vhdci-68) J17 Pin-Out

    (VHDCI-68) connector on the right card edge of the LS-3x as shown in Figure 1-3 on page 14. The ITB provides both SMB and ribbon cable connections. The individual signals on the ITB are detailed in Figure 3-5 on page 35. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 34 January /2009...

  • Page 35: Figure 3-5 Ls-3X-Itb Optional Interface Transition Board Pin-Outs

    (optional) at the LS3x main board. 2.) Signal assignments to the MMCX connectors can be user defined from either the “Configuration 1” or “Configuration 2" columns. Figure 3-5 LS-3x-ITB Optional Interface Transition Board Pin-outs U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 35 January /2009...

  • Page 36: Ls-3X Control Software

    OK button. The corresponding firmware will then be loaded and the LS-3x will be ready for configuration and use. Be patient, as the firmware download can take several seconds. Figure 4-1 LS-3x Main Application Window Bit Error Rate Test Pseudo Random Noise U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 36 January /2009...

  • Page 37: Main Control Commands

    Future version of the LRR application may required additional file directories and their locations will also be defined here in the directory tab Figure 4-2 System Options - Directory Sub-Tab U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 37 January /2009...

  • Page 38: Operations Sub-Tab

     Load Last Mission – If this option is selected, then the last valid mission loaded when LRR was shut down will automatically load when LRR is started up again. The default state of this parameter is off (unchecked). U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 38 January /2009...

  • Page 39: Program Shutdown

    Colors button and the menu of various color items shown in Figure 4-5 will be displayed Figure 4-4 System Options - Utility Sub-Tab Figure 4-5 Display Colors Setup Need new image for figure 4-5 U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 39 January /2009...

  • Page 40: Unique Card Settings Sub-Tab

    Channel Tri-Band Downconverter. In systems with multiple LS-3x cards installed, the interconnection and switching of the many baseband and IF signals can become quite complex. To mitigate these issues, the Lumistar LS-69 System Ancillary Device was developed and is also supported by the LRR application.

  • Page 41: Force Fpga Load Commands

    Enable check box in the Cards Enables/Simulations area. Currently, the LRR software supports the Version 2 Lumistar LS-25-D Multi-band RF Downconverter and the LS-25 Multi-band FM Receiver (both PCI and ISA form factors).

  • Page 42: Mission Command

    For additional information about each functional personality, see paragraphs 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3 in the appendix of this document beginning on page 85. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 42 January /2009...

  • Page 43: View, Tools, & About Commands

    LS-3x Product User’s Manual 4.1.5 View, Tools, & About Commands U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 43 January /2009...

  • Page 44: The Ls-25 Downconverter Tab (Dcvtn)

    (receivers). To support each demodulator, a 70 MHz signal produced by a downconverter is required. Several Lumistar downconverter boards are supported with the LS-3x. This paragraph deals with the LS-25. For more information on other Lumistar RF board level products supported by the LS-3x LRR software, see paragraph 4.1.1.5 on page 40.The LRR software allows the user to “pair”...

  • Page 45: Downconverter Configuration Display

    One of the setup parameters that the user must enter is the Tuner Frequency (MHz). The Version 2 Lumistar LS-25-D Multi-band RF Downconverter and the LS-25 Multi- band FM Receiver concurrently support up to three of the following five possible frequency bands.

  • Page 46: If Anti-Alias Bandwidth

    (the default frequency is 2200.00 MHz). 4.2.3.2 IF Anti-Alias Bandwidth The Version 2 Lumistar LS-25-D Multi-band RF Downconverter and the LS- 25 Multi-band FM Receiver are factory configured to support up to twelve (12) separate IF anti-alias bandwidths. Standard bandwidths include: 500kHz, 1MHz, 1.5MHz, 2.5MHz, 3.5MHz, 4MHz, 6MHz, 8MHz, 10MHz, 12MHz,...

  • Page 47: Rssi/Agc Controls

    79), it is necessary to connect the Linear 70 MHz IF outputs to the combiner as shown in Figure 3-1 on page 31. The Version 2 Lumistar LS-25-D Multi-band RF Downconverter and the LS-25 Multi-band FM Receiver both have Limited as well as Linear IF outputs, but in order for the Linear IF output of function, it must first be enabled by invoking the Linear Out Enable command.

  • Page 48: The Psk Receiver Tab (Rcrvn)

    Carrier Lock indicator and numerical displays for Carrier Frequency, Signal Power, and Carrier Power. The color green indicates that the state of the carrier Contact the factory or your Lumistar sales representative for more information. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc.

  • Page 49: Psk Receiver Primary Sub-Tab

    Secondary. The primary tab is shown in Figure 4-14 below and allows the user to set up the receiver, bit synchronizer and Viterbi decoder functions of the demodulator. Each of these functions are described in more detail in the following paragraphs. Figure 4-14 PSK Receiver Primary Sub-Tab U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 49 January /2009...

  • Page 50: Psk Receiver Parameters

    The LS-3x demodulator has two modes If the Pre-D combiner was not enabled in the firmware license file, then only CH1, CH2 and OFF will be available in the GUI. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 50 January /2009...

  • Page 51: Carrier Acquisition Range

    Doppler). For example, the user may wish to set the acquisition loop bandwidth wider than the tracking loop bandwidth. The Carrier Tracking Loop Bandwidth is entered as a percentage of the bit rate and is defaulted to 1%. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 51 January /2009...

  • Page 52: Carrier If Filter Bandwidth

    NOT selected, then the carrier PM modulation index command will still be visible in the menu of commands, but it will be grayed out and unavailable. FIR – Finite Impulse Response. CIC – Cascaded Integrator-Comb. FEC – Forward Error Correction. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 52 January /2009...

  • Page 53: Restart Acquisition Button

    (exception: SOQPSK). The maximum bit rate is set in the license file at the time of purchase and may be different than the rate stated here. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 53 January /2009...

  • Page 54: Bit Sync Acquisition Loop Bandwidth

    Viterbi decoder for the detection and correction of random errors in the demodulated data. The following paragraphs describe in more detail each of the Viterbi decoder setup parameters. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 54 January /2009...

  • Page 55: Decoder Enable Checkbox

    The user selects this order by invoking the Viterbi Symbol Order command. Two symbol orders are available; G1 followed by G2, and the reverse, G2 followed by G1. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 55 January /2009...

  • Page 56: Invert G1/ G2

    The resulting menu shown right allows the user to configure the stream control functions. The following paragraphs describe in more detail each of the functions. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 56 January /2009...

  • Page 57: Stream Control

    (shown right). The user may opt to combine the I & Q streams after the bit sync (POST_BITSYNC), after the Viterbi decoder (POST_VITERBI), after the PCM encoder (POST_PCM_CODING), or not at all (OFF). U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 57 January /2009...

  • Page 58: Stream Swap Location

    The Invert Location command allows the I & Q data streams to be inverted logically in several locations (shown right). The user may opt to invert the I & Q streams after the bit sync (POST_BITSYNC), U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 58 January /2009...

  • Page 59: Output Clock Polarity

    The user may opt to logically invert the logic sense of the final data outputs (Post PCM Encoder) by invoking the Output Invert Enable checkbox. This will invert both the I & Q data outputs. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 59 January /2009...

  • Page 60: The Fm Receiver Tab (Rcrvn)

    The PSK-FM configuration has one FM demodulator. The FM-FM configuration can have one or two FM demodulators. Contact the factory or your Lumistar sales representative for more information. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 60...

  • Page 61: Fm Receiver Status

    Primary and Secondary. The primary tab is shown in Figure 4-22 below and allows the user to set up the receiver and bit synchronizer functions of the demodulator. Each of these functions are described in more detail in the following paragraphs. Figure 4-22 FM Receiver Primary Sub-Tab U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 61 January /2009...

  • Page 62: Fm Receiver Parameters

    When the FM demodulator is in the manual deviation detection mode (see paragraph 4.4.2.1.2 above), the user then must enter the expected frequency deviation by invoking the Manual Peak Deviation command and entering the deviation value from the resulting dialog box. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 62 January /2009...

  • Page 63: Carrier Acquisition Range

    The user enters the IF bandwidth value in MHz. Although the IF filter bandwidth may be changed by the user, it FIR – Finite Impulse Response. CIC – Cascaded Integrator-Comb. FEC – Forward Error Correction. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 63 January /2009...

  • Page 64: Carrier Threshold Level

    The following paragraphs describe in more detail each of the bit synchronizer setup parameters. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 64 January /2009...

  • Page 65: Bit Rate

    The Bit Sync Tracking Loop Bandwidth is entered as a percentage of the bit rate and is defaulted to 1%. The maximum bit rate is set in the license file at the time of purchase and may be different than the rate stated here. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 65 January /2009...

  • Page 66: Pcm Input Code

    RCVR1 & RCVR2 (FM-FM mode), or RCVR2 (PSK-FM mode). RCVR2 I Data (PSK-FM mode), RCVR1 & RCVR2 I Data (FM-FM mode). RCVR2 I Clock (PSK-FM mode), RCVR1 & RCVR2 I Clock (FM-FM mode). U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 66 January /2009...

  • Page 67: The Bit Error Rate Test Tab (Bertn)

    LS-3x Product User’s Manual The Bit Error Rate Test Tab (BERTn) Figure 4-25 The Bit Error Rate Test (BERT) Tab 4.5.1 Bit Sync Status Display 4.5.2 Bit Sync Configuration Display U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 67 January /2009...
  • Page 68 LS-3x Product User’s Manual U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 68 January /2009...

  • Page 69: The Modulator Tab (Mod)

    The anatomy of the modulator tab (red square) can be seen in Figure 4-12 above. The appearance of the GUI is the same, irrespective of the firmware personality loaded into Contact the factory or your Lumistar sales representative for more information. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc.

  • Page 70: Modulator Primary Sub-Tab

    (grayed out) and unavailable to the user. The following paragraphs describe in more detail each of the modulator setup parameters. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 70 January /2009...

  • Page 71: Input Source

    4.6.1.1 above. For example, the PCM_FM mode will enable the FM Peak Deviation Factor command discussed in paragraph 4.6.1.1.12 on page 74. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 71 January /2009...

  • Page 72: I & Q Data Source

    Figure 4-29 on page 73. Again, the C/N noise level is 75 dB-Hz. Note the spreading out of the four images in the quadrants. In general, the “fuzzier” the appearance, the more noise that is present. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 72 January /2009...

  • Page 73: C/N Level

    Noise levels may range between 0 and 110 dB-Hz. The modulator parameter setup GUI also has a slider control for the noise level. Figure 4-29 Examples of Constellation With /Without Noise Added (SOQPSK) U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 73 January /2009...

  • Page 74: Fm Peak Deviation Factor

    The user sets the frequency of the subcarrier in Hz by invoking the Subcarrier Rate command and entering the desired frequency. Currently, subcarrier frequencies up to a maximum of 1 MHz are allowed. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 74 January /2009...

  • Page 75: Subcarrier Modulation Index

    Test generators 1 & 2 (TEST_GEN1, TEST_GEN2) provide the internal source of data for the modulator and are also associated with the I- & Q-Channels respectively. Each test generator has a maximum bit rate of 10 MBPS. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 75 January /2009...

  • Page 76: Output Code

    The resulting menu shown right allows the user to configure the encoders and ancillary functions. The following paragraphs describe in more detail each of the functions. Figure 4-30 Modulator Secondary Sub-Tab U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 76 January /2009...

  • Page 77: Qpsk Conjugate

    The convolutional encoder produces pairs of code symbols in a sequential manner. To decode the symbols correctly, the Viterbi decoder at the receiving end must match the temporal order of the symbols it receives. The user selects this order in the modulator by U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 77 January /2009...

  • Page 78: Invert G2 Checkbox

    Rising edge of the clock. When enabled, the start of each data bit will occur with the Falling edge of the clock. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 78 January /2009...

  • Page 79: The Combiner Tab (Comb)

    The diagram in Figure 4-31 is a highly simplified version of the actual combiner, with the all-important magical details omitted. Contact the factory or your Lumistar sales representative for more information. As is the case with multi-path interference. Signal-to-noise ratio.

  • Page 80: Figure 4-31 Pre-Detection Diversity Combiner Block Diagram

    (yellow square). The configuration interface presents numerical data on the combiner parameters entered by the user. Figure 4-32 The Pre-Detection These parameters include; Combiner Mode, Noise Diversity Combiner Tab Estimation Mode, Signal Bandwidth, Time U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 80 January /2009...

  • Page 81: Pre-D Status Display

    The combiner in the LS-3x has two random-noise estimation modes; AUTO and FIXED. In the auto mode, the combiner employs a proprietary method of U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 81 January /2009...

  • Page 82: Pre-D Combiner Mode

    The default (minimum) value for this parameter is 0.001 seconds. This corresponds to a processing rate of 1000 calculation/adjustments per second. The maximum value for the time constant parameter is 1 second. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 82 January /2009...

  • Page 83: Signal Bandwidth Ratio Constant

    4.7.2.1.8 Calibrate Fixed Noise Button Pressing this button begins a calibration measurement of the noise floor for both input channels. 4.7.2.1.9 Reset Button Pressing this button resets the entire SNR measurement, phase rotation, amplitude adjustment process. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 83 January /2009...

  • Page 84: The Baseband Output Tab (Bbout)

    LS-3x Product User’s Manual The Baseband Output Tab (BBOUT) Figure 4-35 The Baseband Output Tab (BBOUT) U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 84 January /2009...

  • Page 85: Appendix

    A simplified FPGA block diagram of this mode is shown in Figure 5-1 below. Figure 5-1 LS-3x PSK-PSK Mode Simplified FPGA Block Diagram (IF & Baseband Signals) U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 85 January /2009...

  • Page 86: Fm-Fm Mode

    The FM-FM functional personality offers two independent PCM/FM multi-symbol demodulators. A simplified FPGA block diagram of this mode is shown in Figure 5-2 below. Figure 5-2 LS-3x FM-FM mode Simplified FPGA Block Diagram (IF & Baseband Signals) U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 86 January /2009...

  • Page 87: Psk-Fm Mode

    FM demodulator, and a pre-detection diversity combiner. A simplified FPGA block diagram of this mode is shown in Figure 5-3 below. Figure 5-3 LS-3x PSK-FM Mode Simplified FPGA Block Diagram (IF & Baseband Signals) U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 87 January /2009...

  • Page 88: Doppler Frequency Shift

    (speed of light) and the distance between the source and observer is large relative to the wavelength of the waves (tenths of a meter at S-Band). U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 88 January /2009...
  • Page 89 In some academic literature, capital K is defined as the product of k and m. Note: K and L may be called the same thing, but mathematically and numerically, they are not the same. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 89 January /2009...

  • Page 90: Figure 5-4 Convolutional Encoder, K=7, Rate 1/2

    An example of a convolutional encoder is shown in Figure 5-4 below. The example is a rate 1/2 encoder with a constraint length of K=7. Figure 5-4 Convolutional Encoder , K=7, Rate 1/2 From Figure 2-1, CCSDS 101.0-B-3 (Recommendations for Telemetry Channel Coding), May 1992. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 90 January /2009...
  • Page 91 The as a quantity is a theoretical convenience rather than the direct output of a test CCITT Rec. 0151, Yellow Book, Vol. 4 Fascicle IV.4 Recommendation 0.151. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 91 January /2009...
  • Page 92 (noise in 1-Hz bandwidth). The value Q(X) is called the Gaussian Integral Function and is usually calculated numerically. Note, the quantity “X” will vary mathematically for each type of modulation and signal encoding used in the system. U35XXXXX1 Lumistar, Inc. Page 92 January /2009...

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