Arion Aircraft LS-1 Lightning Pilot Operating Handbook
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Arion Aircraft LS-1 Lightning Pilot Operating Handbook

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Pilot's Operating Handbook

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Summary of Contents for Arion Aircraft LS-1 Lightning

  • Page 1 Pilot's Operating Handbook...
  • Page 2 Pilot’s Operating Handbook Publication Number: AAPOHLS-1, Issue B Revision Date: 1 December 2011 Airplane Name & Model Number: Lightning LS-1 Airplane Registration Number: _____ Airplane Serial Number: _____ POH Date of Issue: 1 December 2011 This Handbook must be kept current and carried within the aircraft at all times.
  • Page 3 Copyright © 2011 Arion Aircraft, LLC 2842 Highway 231 North Shelbyville, TN 37160...
  • Page 4 Record of Manual Revisions Pages/ Revision Date Description Signature Section Original Initial Release Arion Aircraft, LLC 27 May 2010 CG Range Arion Aircraft, LLC Flap range 27 May 2010 Arion Aircraft, LLC limited to 25 ASTM F2746 Issue B 1-Dec-2011...
  • Page 5 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK...
  • Page 6 List of Effective Sections The table below shows the current effective sections and dates in this revision of the handbook. The applicable handbook revision is listed on the lower left corner of this page. Supplements are issued and controlled separately by the Log of Supplements in Section 10.
  • Page 7 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK...

  • Page 9: Table Of Contents

    Lightning LS-1 Pilot's Operating Handbook Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction ASTM Standards..........I-1 Continued Airworthiness ........I-2 Owner/Operator Responsibilities......I-4 Handbook Information ........I-5 Symbols ............I-8 Terminology & Abbreviations ......I-9 Section 1: General Information 1.1 Aircraft Type and Model ......1-1 1.2 Three-View Drawing........
  • Page 10 Lightning LS-1 Table of Contents Pilot's Operating Handbook Section 3: Emergency Procedures 3.1 General Information........3-1 3.2 Airspeeds for Emergency Procedures.... 3-2 3.3 Engine Failure Checklists......3-2 3.4 Emergency Approach and Landing....3-5 3.5 Fire Procedures........... 3-8 3.6 Electrical System Malfunctions...... 3-10 3.7 Engine Troubleshooting.......
  • Page 11 Lightning LS-1 Pilot's Operating Handbook Table of Contents 5.5 Fuel consumption........5-4 5.6 Maximum Glide........... 5-6 Section 6: Weight & Balance/Equipment List 6.1 Introduction..........6-1 6.2 Center of Gravity Limits....... 6-2 6.3 Weight Limits..........6-2 6.4 Baggage Zone Definitions......6-2 6.5 Moment Arm Information......
  • Page 12 Lightning LS-1 Table of Contents Pilot's Operating Handbook 8.5 Basic Undercarriage Maintenance....8-11 8.6 Propeller Care & Servicing......8-12 8.7 Cleaning and Care........8-13 8.8 Removal of Cowling & Wheel Pants....8-15 8.9 Trickle Charger........... 8-18 Section 9: Supplements 9.1 Introduction..........9-1 9.2 Improvements &...

  • Page 13: Introduction

    F2295 Standard Practice for Continued Operational Safety Monitoring of a Light Sport Aircraft This handbook includes the material required to be furnished to the pilot by ASTM Standard F2245 as well as additional information provided by Arion Aircraft. Issue B Page I-1...

  • Page 14: Continued Airworthiness

    Aircraft Maintenance Manual. OWNER CONTACT INFORMATION UPDATE It is mandatory for LS-1 owners to keep their contact information updated with Arion Aircraft, LLC so they may receive documentation revisions and safety information. Responsibility for address changes lies solely with the owner/operator of the aircraft.
  • Page 15 Lightning LS-1 Pilot’s Operating Handbook Introduction FAA regulations mandate that owners and operators of this aircraft maintain this Pilot’s Operating Handbook to current revision status. If owner/operators do not maintain this Pilot’s Operating Handbook with current revisions and comply with manufacturer’s Service Bulletins and Air Safety Alerts, the Airworthiness Certificate of the aircraft may become invalid.

  • Page 16: Owner/Operator Responsibilities

    Lightning LS-1 Introduction Pilot’s Operating Handbook Owner/Operator Responsibilities To maintain compliance with ASTM Standard F2295, the owner or operator of this aircraft must follow six rules that are specified in Section 5.4 of F2295. Failure to comply with these responsibilities could result in an aircraft that may be out of compliance with the ASTM standards and could lead to revocation of the aircraft airworthiness certificate.

  • Page 17: Handbook Information

    Handbook Information  This Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) is provided by Arion Aircraft, LLC as a guide to the operation of the Lightning LS-1.  This POH applies to the particular aircraft identified by the registration marking and serial number on...
  • Page 18 Lightning LS-1 Introduction Pilot’s Operating Handbook  This aircraft has been qualified for compliance to the Light Sport regulations on the basis of the equipment fitted at the time of qualification.  This POH must be carried in the aircraft on all flights.
  • Page 19 “Changes” associated with a given handbook revision. Revisions to this Pilot’s Operating Handbook will be distributed to all Arion Aircraft dealers and owners of aircraft registered with Arion Aircraft via the website, www.flylightning.net. Revisions will be printed and mailed only upon request.

  • Page 20: Symbols

    It is the responsibility of the owner to maintain this POH in a current status when it is being used for operational purposes. Owners should contact Arion Aircraft whenever the revision status of their POH is in question or if they find discrepancies or errors.

  • Page 21: Terminology & Abbreviations

    Lightning LS-1 Pilot’s Operating Handbook Introduction Terminology & Abbreviations Takeoff Safety Speed is the speed designated to ensure that adequate control will exist under all conditions during the climb after takeoff, including turbulence and sudden and complete engine failure. Calibrated Airspeed means the indicated airspeed of the aircraft corrected for position and instrument error.
  • Page 22 Lightning LS-1 Introduction Pilot’s Operating Handbook KTAS Knots True Airspeed is true airspeed expressed in knots. Maneuvering Speed is the maximum speed at which abrupt application of full available aerodynamic control will not over stress the airplane. Maximum Flap Extended Speed is the maximum speed permissible with wing flaps extended in the prescribed position.
  • Page 23 Lightning LS-1 Pilot’s Operating Handbook Introduction Outside Air Temperature is the free static air temperature, obtained either from in flight temperature indications or ground meteorological sources, adjusted for instrument error and compressibility effects. Revolutions Per Minute is the speed of the engine crankshaft and propeller.
  • Page 24 Lightning LS-1 Introduction Pilot’s Operating Handbook Unusable Unusable Fuel is the quantity of fuel that Fuel cannot be safely used in flight. Station Station specifies a location along the airplane fuselage, usually given in terms of distance from the reference datum. Examples include the Seat Station which is the center of the fixed seats and Fuel Station which is the center of the fixed fuel tank.

  • Page 25: Section 1: General Information

    General Information Section 1 General Information 1.1 Aircraft Type and Model The Arion Aircraft Lightning LS-1 has been manufactured to the requirements of the United States Light Sport Aircraft Rule and applicable ASTM Standards accepted by the Federal Aviation Administration.

  • Page 26: Three-View Drawing

    Section 1 Lightning LS-1 General Information Pilot’s Operating Handbook 1.2 Three-View Drawing Figure 1-1: Three-View Drawing Page 1-2 Issue B...

  • Page 27: Aircraft Summary

    Lightning LS-1 Section 1 Pilot's Operating Handbook General Information 1.3 Aircraft Summary MGTOW 1320 lbs Top Speed @ Sea Level, WOT 140 KIAS (3300 rpm) Cruise Speed @ Sea Level, MCP 110 KIAS (2850 rpm) Cruise Speed @ 8,000' MSL, MCP 108 KIAS (2850 rpm) Maximum Engine Power Output...
  • Page 28 Section 1 Lightning LS-1 General Information Pilot’s Operating Handbook THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK Page 1-4 Issue B...

  • Page 29: Section 2: Operating Limitations

    Lightning LS-1 Section 2 Pilot's Operating Handbook Operating Limitations Section 2 Operating Limitations 2.1 Introduction This section includes operating limitations necessary for the safe operation of the airplane, its engine, standard systems and standard equipment. Observance of these operating limitations is required. Limitations and instructions included in this section and in applicable supplements must be observed when operating the aircraft.

  • Page 30: Airspeed Limitations

    Section 2 Lightning LS-1 Operating Limitations Pilot’s Operating Handbook 2.2 Airspeed Limitations Airspeed limitations and their operational significance are shown below in indicated airspeed. Speed KIAS Remarks Never exceed speed Do not exceed this speed in (barber pole) any operation. Maximum structural Do not exceed this speed cruising speed...

  • Page 31: Service Ceiling

    Lightning LS-1 Section 2 Pilot's Operating Handbook Operating Limitations 2.3 Service Ceiling Service Ceiling ..........15,000 ft 2.4 Load Factors Positive Vertical ........... 4.0 Negative Vertical ..........2.0 2.5 Prohibited Maneuvers All aerobatic maneuvers, including intentional spins, are prohibited. 2.6 Fuel Limitations FUEL CAPACITY Total Capacity ......

  • Page 32: Environmental Limitations

    Section 2 Lightning LS-1 Operating Limitations Pilot’s Operating Handbook 2.7 Environmental Limitations Operations in Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC)..........PROHIBITED Operations in Day VFR and Night VFR Conditions..........APPROVED Maximum Demonstrated Crosswind Component..........15 KNOTS Maximum Air Temperature for Operations..110 Page 2-4 Issue B...

  • Page 33: Powerplant Limitations

    Lightning LS-1 Section 2 Pilot's Operating Handbook Operating Limitations 2.8 Powerplant Limitations Yellow Red Arc/ Instrument Green Arc Radial Line 2550–2850 2850–3300 3300 Tachometer (RPM) 122–211 212–244 Oil Temperature (°F) 32–76 11.6–31 Oil Pressure (PSI) Cylinder Head 167–356 356–394 Temperature (°F) Minimum Oil Temperature for Takeoff Minimum Oil Pressure in Level Flight or Climb 32 PSI...

  • Page 34: Other Limitations

    Section 2 Lightning LS-1 Operating Limitations Pilot’s Operating Handbook 2.9 Other Limitations Smoking ............ Prohibited Maximum Permissible Number of Occupants.....2O Page 2-6 Issue B...

  • Page 35: Required Placards & Markings

    Lightning LS-1 Section 2 Pilot's Operating Handbook Operating Limitations 2.10 Required Placards & Markings Location Placard Baggage Compartment DO NOT EXCEED 50 LBS IN THIS Inside of baggage COMPARTMENT LOAD MUST BE PROPERLY RESTRAINED compartment REFER TO PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK FOR WEIGHT &...
  • Page 36 Section 2 Lightning LS-1 Operating Limitations Pilot’s Operating Handbook On Instrument Panel Flap Indicator On Instrument Panel Flap Switch Fuel Selector Page 2-8 Issue B...
  • Page 37 Lightning LS-1 Section 2 Pilot's Operating Handbook Operating Limitations Adjacent to each fuel filler cap. Must be "11 US Gallons" when equipped with standard fuel tanks. 15 US Gallons 100LL Rear baggage bulkhead or LIGHT SPORT canopy frame On propeller near the hub (wooden propellers only) Issue B...
  • Page 38 Section 2 Lightning LS-1 Operating Limitations Pilot’s Operating Handbook AIRSPEED INDICATOR MARKINGS Marking KIAS Remarks VNE: maximum speed for all Red Line operations Operations must be conducted with Yellow Arc 110 – 181 caution and only in smooth air. Arc range is from VNO to VNE.

  • Page 39: Section 3: Emergency Procedures

    Lightning LS-1 Section 3 Pilot's Operating Handbook Emergency Procedures Section 3 Emergency Procedures 3.1 General Information This section provides checklists and other procedures for coping with emergencies that may occur. Emergencies caused by airplane malfunction are rare if proper preflight inspections and maintenance are practiced.

  • Page 40: Airspeeds For Emergency Procedures

    Section 3 Lightning LS-1 Emergency Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook 3.2 Airspeeds for Emergency Procedures Engine Failure After Takeoff ......75 KIAS Maneuvering Speed (at all weights) ....87 KIAS Best Glide Speed—Still Air, Flaps UP ....75 KIAS Precautionary Landing Approach With Engine Power: Wing Flaps 25°...
  • Page 41 Lightning LS-1 Section 3 Pilot's Operating Handbook Emergency Procedures ENGINE FAILURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER TAKEOFF 1. Airspeed..........75 KIAS 2. Fuel Selector..........OFF 3. Ignition............OFF 4. Wing Flaps........AS REQUIRED 5. Master Switch..........OFF 6. LAND........Safest Available Area ENGINE FAILURE DURING CRUISE 7. Airspeed....BEST GLIDE ANGLE 75 KIAS 8.
  • Page 42 Section 3 Lightning LS-1 Emergency Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook  NOTE: If clear evidence of mechanical failure exists or if engine has seized due to loss of oil pressure, do not attempt a restart.  NOTE: If engine runs on L or R but not BOTH, switch to good system while a suitable landing area is chosen.

  • Page 43: Emergency Approach And Landing

    Lightning LS-1 Section 3 Pilot's Operating Handbook Emergency Procedures 2. Throttle............IDLE 3. Choke............AS NEEDED if engine has cooled significantly during glide 4. Master Switch.............ON 5. Fuel Boost Pump..........ON 6. Fuel Selector Valve.......ON FULLEST TANK 7. Ignition.........START if prop stopped 8. If engine fails to restart, perform Emergency Approach and Landing.

  • Page 44: Ignition

    Section 3 Lightning LS-1 Emergency Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook 6. Seatbelts..........TIGHTEN 7. Canopy..........UNLATCH 8. Master switch..........OFF after final approach is established 9. Touchdown......SOFT-FIELD TECHNIQUE 10. Brakes.........AS REQUIRED PRECAUTIONARY OFF-AIRPORT LANDING WITH ENGINE POWER 1. Airspeed...........75 KIAS 2. Carburetor Heat..........ON 3. Fuel Pump............ON 4.
  • Page 45 Lightning LS-1 Section 3 Pilot's Operating Handbook Emergency Procedures WATER LANDING 1. Radio.........TRANSMIT MAYDAY on area frequency and on 121.5 MHz, giving location and intentions 2. Heavy Objects..........SECURE 3. Approach..........ESTABLISH High Winds, Heavy Seas — INTO WIND a. Light Winds, Heavy Swells — PARALLEL TO SWELLS 4.

  • Page 46: Fire Procedures

    Section 3 Lightning LS-1 Emergency Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook 3.5 Fire Procedures FIRE DURING START ON GROUND 1. Cranking..........CONTINUE to get a start, which would suck the flames and accumulated fuel through the carburetor and into the engine. If engine starts: 2.

  • Page 47: Ignition

    Lightning LS-1 Section 3 Pilot's Operating Handbook Emergency Procedures ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT 1. Throttle............CLOSED 2. Main Fuel Shutoff Valve........OFF 3. Fuel Boost Pump..........OFF 4. Ignition............OFF 5. Cabin Heat..........CLOSED 6. Cabin Vents..........CLOSED 7. Airspeed........INCREASE UP TO VNE if required to extinguish fire. 8.

  • Page 48: Electrical System Malfunctions

    Section 3 Lightning LS-1 Emergency Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook 7. Radio/Electrical Switches....ON ONE AT A TIME with delay after each until short circuit is localized 8. Aircraft............LAND as soon as practical to inspect for damage. CABIN FIRE 1. Master Switch............OFF 2.
  • Page 49 Lightning LS-1 Section 3 Pilot's Operating Handbook Emergency Procedures "HIGH VOLTAGE" WARNING 1. Throttle......REDUCE as necessary to reduce alternator output, but NOT enough to cause an unsafe flight condition 2. Master Switch..........CYCLE If high voltage warning continues: 3. Master Switch.............OFF unless electricity is essential to safety of flight 4.

  • Page 50: Engine Troubleshooting

    Section 3 Lightning LS-1 Emergency Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook LOSS OF PRIMARY FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS 1. EFIS circuit breaker.........CYCLE 2. If EFIS does not restart.......PULL BREAKER 3. Aircraft.......LAND as soon as practical 3.7 Engine Troubleshooting CARBURETOR ICING 1. Carb Heat...........PULL ON 2.
  • Page 51 Lightning LS-1 Section 3 Pilot's Operating Handbook Emergency Procedures  CAUTION: Do not place key in “START” position while propeller is turning. LOW OR HIGH OIL PRESSURE WARNING 1. Oil Pressure..........CHECK 2. Oil Temperature..........CHECK 3. Cylinder Head Temperatures (CHT) .....CHECK 4.
  • Page 52 Section 3 Lightning LS-1 Emergency Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook  NOTE: If oil pressure spikes to a high number or fluctuates suddenly while ALL other engine vitals are normal and the engine keeps running smoothly, the oil pressure sender may be faulty. Land as soon as practical to verify and correct.
  • Page 53 Lightning LS-1 Section 3 Pilot's Operating Handbook Emergency Procedures High CHT on the ground: Aircraft.........TURN into the wind CHTs...........OBSERVE If CHTs continue to rise or do not decrease below 356°F within 2 minutes of corrective action: Shut engine down until CHTs stabilize below 356°F.

  • Page 54: Inadvertent Spin

    Section 3 Lightning LS-1 Emergency Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook 3.8 Inadvertent Spin Aerobatic maneuvers, including spins, are prohibited. While inadvertent spins are unlikely, should this occur, proceed as follows: 1. Throttle............IDLE 2. Ailerons..........NEUTRAL 3. Rudder......APPLY FULLY AND HOLD in direction OPPOSITE OF ROTATION Just AFTER rudder reaches the stop: 4.

  • Page 55: Emergency Descent

    Lightning LS-1 Section 3 Pilot's Operating Handbook Emergency Procedures 3.9 Emergency Descent 1. Throttle............IDLE 2. Carb Heat..........PULL ON 3. Flaps............VERIFY UP 4. Aircraft...........SPIRAL DOWN 5. Airspeed....BELOW 180 KIAS AT ALL TIMES 3.10 Inadvertent Icing Flight into areas of known, forecast or probable icing is PROHIBITED.

  • Page 56: Abnormal Events & Procedures

    Section 3 Lightning LS-1 Emergency Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook 2. If stable cruise flight is possible, find the nearest airport with a large open runway into the wind and, ideally, crash rescue equipment. 3. Autopilot may be used to assist in pitch and/or roll, depending on the nature of the failure.
  • Page 57 Lightning LS-1 Section 3 Pilot's Operating Handbook Emergency Procedures NO-FLAP LANDING 1. Approach Airspeed........65 KIAS 2. Wing Flaps............UP 3. Touchdown......MAIN WHEELS FIRST 4. Nose Wheel........LOWER GENTLY 5. Brakes..........AS REQUIRED  NOTE: Normal landing distance increases significantly when landing with flaps UP. LANDING WITH A FLAT MAIN TIRE 1.
  • Page 58 Section 3 Lightning LS-1 Emergency Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK Page 3-20 Issue B...

  • Page 59: Introduction

    Lightning LS-1 Section 4 Pilot's Operating Handbook Normal Procedures Section 4 Normal Procedures 4.1 Introduction This section provides checklists and other procedures for the conduct of normal operations. 4.2 Speeds for Normal Operation The following speeds are based on a maximum weight of 1320 lbs and may be used for any lesser weight.
  • Page 60 Section 4 Lightning LS-1 Normal Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook Landing Approach: Normal Approach, Flaps 25°.....52 KIAS Short Field Approach, Flaps Full ..52 KIAS Balked Landing: FULL POWER, allow speed to increase to 70 KIAS Clear of obstacles, Flaps 10°....70 KIAS Flaps UP, Normal Climb......85 KIAS Maximum Recommended Turbulent Air Penetration Speed ........

  • Page 61: Preflight Inspection

    Lightning LS-1 Section 4 Pilot's Operating Handbook Normal Procedures 4.3 Preflight Inspection Prior to flight, the aircraft should be inspected in accordance with the following checklists and in the sequence shown in Figure 7-1. Figure 7-1: Preflight Inspection Issue B...
  • Page 62 Section 4 Lightning LS-1 Normal Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook PREFLIGHT FLOW CHART (Use with Figure 7-1) Ignition Master Switch Avionics As required Flight Controls Free to move to all stops Canopy Check latch and cleanliness Cockpit Secure all loose objects Optional Lower flaps to aid entry into aircraft Rear Fuselage...
  • Page 63 Lightning LS-1 Section 4 Pilot's Operating Handbook Normal Procedures Engine Cowling Condition & security, air ducts clear Prop/Spinner Condition & security Check quantity & add if necessary Engine Visual inspection Nose Gear Check tire condition Left Wing Surface condition Fuel Quantity Visually Check Fuel Sump Drain sample, check for contaminants...
  • Page 64 Section 4 Lightning LS-1 Normal Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook PREFLIGHT CHECKLIST 1. CHECK FUEL a. Fuel Filler Cap........REMOVE b. Fuel Quantity......CHECK VISUALLY for desired level in tank by using dipstick c. Fuel Quick-Drains………......SAMPLE  NOTE: Before first flight of the day and after each refueling, use sampler cup and drain small quantity of fuel from each fuel tank quick-drain and check for...
  • Page 65 Lightning LS-1 Section 4 Pilot's Operating Handbook Normal Procedures g. Seatbelts and Shoulder Harnesses.....CHECK condition and security h. Rudder pedals........CHECK for proper position i. Engine Controls........CHECK for full and free travel j. Baggage..........SECURE and within weight & balance limits 3. REAR FUSELAGE a.
  • Page 66 Section 4 Lightning LS-1 Normal Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook c. Aileron Control Rod........CHECK control bolts, nuts, and control rod for security. CHECK aileron rod end bearings for freedom of rotation and excessive movement. 5. RIGHT WING a. Wing Tiedown........DISCONNECT b. Wing Tip Lights........CHECK condition and operation c.
  • Page 67 Lightning LS-1 Section 4 Pilot's Operating Handbook Normal Procedures 6. NOSE a. Engine Oil Level........CHECK and ADD oil if necessary. Clean up any spilled oil.  NOTE: Normal cold engine oil level is no more than halfway between dipstick hash marks. Normal warm engine oil level is 1/8”...
  • Page 68 Section 4 Lightning LS-1 Normal Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook g. Nose Tire..........CHECK for proper inflation, SECURITY, and excessive wear or damage h. Canopy..........INSPECT for condition, clean if necessary 7. LEFT WING a. Left main gear leg........CHECK condition b. Left main wheel fairing......CHECK condition and security c.

  • Page 69: Aircraft Operational Checklists

    Lightning LS-1 Section 4 Pilot's Operating Handbook Normal Procedures 8. LEFT WING-Trailing Edge a. Aileron............CHECK freedom of movement and hinge security b. Aileron Control Rod........CHECK control bolts, nuts, and control rod for security. CHECK aileron rod end bearings for freedom of rotation and excessive movement.
  • Page 70 Section 4 Lightning LS-1 Normal Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook 3. Throttle..........FULLY CLOSED 4. Master Switch.............ON 5. Fuel Boost Pump..........ON 6. Brakes..........APPLY & HOLD 7. Propeller Area........VERIFY CLEAR 8. Ignition............START 9. Ignition.......BOTH after engine starts INST Switch..........ON Engine Instruments......MONITOR Throttle.....ADJUST for 900–1000 RPM Choke........CLOSE SLOWLY ...
  • Page 71 ENGINE WARM ITSELF to normal operating oil temperature and CHT with not more than 1200 rpm. Installation and use of a Tanis® engine heater is recommended for frequent operation in cold weather. They are available through Arion Aircraft. Issue B 4-13...
  • Page 72 Section 4 Lightning LS-1 Normal Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook  CAUTION: Use caution when preheating engine to avoid directing extremely hot air onto SCAT hoses, cowling skins, or other materials that may be damaged by heat. HOT ENGINE START Proceed as for Cold Engine Start, but with Choke and Fuel Boost Pump OFF.
  • Page 73 Lightning LS-1 Section 4 Pilot's Operating Handbook Normal Procedures 8. Throttle........REDUCE to IDLE as engine starts ENGINE WARM-UP 1. Throttle.........Not Above 1200 RPM until oil temperature reaches 90°F  CAUTION: During engine warm-up, keep unnecessary items switched off until warm-up is complete to avoid overloading the charging system.
  • Page 74 Section 4 Lightning LS-1 Normal Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook BEFORE TAKEOFF 1. Brakes..........CHECK and SET 2. Canopy........CLOSED and LATCHED 3. Flight Controls......FREE and CORRECT 4. Flight Instruments and Avionics......SET 5. Fuel Selector Valve......ON Fullest Tank 6. Elevator Trim..........NEUTRAL 7. Wing Flaps......SET 10 ...
  • Page 75 Lightning LS-1 Section 4 Pilot's Operating Handbook Normal Procedures 4. Throttle..........REDUCE TO IDLE Engine should idle smoothly with Carb Heat ON. 5. Carburetor Heat..........OFF 6. Engine Speed........800–900 RPM, CHECK for smooth idle. 7. Engine Instruments........CHECK all within normal flight limits ...
  • Page 76 Section 4 Lightning LS-1 Normal Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook NORMAL AND SOFT-FIELD TAKEOFF 1. Wing Flaps............10° 2. Trim............NEUTRAL 3. Carburetor Heat..........OFF 4. Fuel Boost Pump..........ON 5. Throttle.......SMOOTHLY ADVANCE to FULL 6. Elevator Control....LIFT NOSE WHEEL at 40 KIAS. Apply rudder as necessary to maintain runway centerline.
  • Page 77 Lightning LS-1 Section 4 Pilot's Operating Handbook Normal Procedures 6. Throttle......SMOOTHLY APPLY TO FULL 7. Brakes............RELEASE 8. Elevator Control......SLIGHTLY TAIL LOW 9. Climb Speed..........70 KIAS until all obstacles are cleared When at safe altitude: Wing Flaps......RETRACT SLOWLY Airspeed..........85 KIAS Fuel Boost Pump..........OFF CROSSWIND TAKEOFF 1.
  • Page 78 Section 4 Lightning LS-1 Normal Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook Climb Speed……………….………75 KIAS (flaps 10°) At 500 feet AGL or safe altitude: Wing Flaps...........UP Fuel Boost Pump.........OFF Climb Speed.........85 KIAS ENROUTE CLIMB 1. Airspeed............85 KIAS 2. Throttle............OPEN as necessary to maintain desired climb rate ...
  • Page 79 Lightning LS-1 Section 4 Pilot's Operating Handbook Normal Procedures BEFORE LANDING/DESCENT 1. Seat Belts & Shoulder Harnesses....ADJUST and LATCH 2. Fuel Boost Pump..........ON 3. Lights………………………………………..AS REQUIRED 4. Carburetor Heat………………………...AS REQUIRED  NOTE: Carburetor heat should be applied below 1800 RPM or when required by ambient conditions.
  • Page 80 Section 4 Lightning LS-1 Normal Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook NORMAL LANDING 1. Final Approach Airspeed......52 KIAS 2. Wing Flaps...........25° 3. Touchdown......MAIN WHEELS FIRST 4. Nose Wheel.......LOWER GENTLY 5. Braking......MINIMUM REQUIRED SHORT FIELD LANDING 1. Airspeed..........52 KIAS 2. Wing Flaps...........25° 3. Power..........REDUCE to idle as obstacle is cleared 4.
  • Page 81 Lightning LS-1 Section 4 Pilot's Operating Handbook Normal Procedures CROSSWIND LANDING  NOTE: Max demonstrated crosswind component with full flaps is 15 knots.  NOTE: Use minimum flap setting for available runway distance. Wing- low method of crosswind landing is recommended.
  • Page 82 Section 4 Lightning LS-1 Normal Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook 5. Flaps...............10° When clear of obstacles: 6. Wing Flaps............UP 7. Climb Speed ..........85 KIAS AFTER LANDING 1. Wing Flaps............UP 2. Fuel Boost Pump..........OFF 3. Carb Heat............OFF 4. Lights..........AS REQUIRED 5. Trim............NEUTRAL ENGINE SHUTDOWN 1.

  • Page 83: Detailed Normal Procedures

    Lightning LS-1 Section 4 Pilot's Operating Handbook Normal Procedures 4.5 Detailed Normal Procedures TAXIING When taxiing, it is important that speed and use of brakes is kept to a minimum and that all controls be utilized (see Figure 7-2) to maintain directional control and balance.
  • Page 84 Section 4 Lightning LS-1 Normal Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook TAKEOFF WING FLAP SETTINGS Takeoffs into strong crosswinds are normally performed with the minimum flap setting necessary for the field length to minimize the drift angle immediately after takeoff. With the ailerons partially deflected into the wind, the airplane is accelerated to a speed slightly higher than normal, and then pulled off positively and smoothly to prevent possible...
  • Page 85 Lightning LS-1 Section 4 Pilot's Operating Handbook Normal Procedures Use the Wing Low technique right through to touchdown and land on main gear first. BALKED LANDING In a balked landing (go-around) climb, the wing flap setting should be reduced to 10 degrees immediately after full power is applied and the aircraft has accelerated to a safe climb speed.
  • Page 86 Section 4 Lightning LS-1 Normal Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook Once the aircraft is balanced the pilot can then keep it relatively balanced by alternate feeding from each side during the remainder of the flight. Switch tanks every 30 minutes to maintain fuel balance. NOISE ABATEMENT Increased emphasis on improving the quality of our environment requires renewed effort on the part of all...
  • Page 87 Lightning LS-1 Section 4 Pilot's Operating Handbook Normal Procedures STARTING THE ENGINE FROM AN EXTERNAL POWER SOURCE  NOTE: The Jabiru engine cannot be hand propped. If the battery is not charged to a condition that will allow engine start, the engine may be started with external power.
  • Page 88 Section 4 Lightning LS-1 Normal Procedures Pilot’s Operating Handbook iii. Negative (–) terminal on external power source. iv. Grounding lug on aircraft firewall. 4. Start engine normally and check electrical instruments to see that charging system is functioning properly. 5. Point aircraft into the wind and run engine 5-10 minutes with all electrical equipment off except those items necessary to monitor the engine.

  • Page 89: Takeoff And Landing Distance

    Lightning LS-1 Section 5 Pilot's Operating Handbook Performance Section 5 Performance 5.1 Takeoff and Landing Distance Takeoff safety speed (1.3 VS1) ...... 58 KIAS Landing Approach speed (25 Flap) ....52 KIAS Sea-level takeoff distance to 50’ with zero wind or slope, on a short dry grass surface ....

  • Page 90: Rate Of Climb

    Section 5 Lightning LS-1 Performance Pilot’s Operating Handbook 5.2 Rate of Climb Sea Level, Standard Day, MGTOW.....1200 fpm Page 5-2 Issue B...

  • Page 91: Cruise Speed

    Lightning LS-1 Section 5 Pilot's Operating Handbook Performance 5.3 Cruise Speed Cruise speed at maximum continuous power (2850 RPM), sea level ..... 120 KCAS 5.4 Cruise RPM Maximum engine speed ......3300 RPM Maximum continuous ......... 2850 RPM Cruise range ......... 2700 to 2850 RPM Issue B...

  • Page 92: Fuel Consumption

    Section 5 Lightning LS-1 Performance Pilot’s Operating Handbook 5.5 Fuel Consumption At 2850 rpm, sea level ....5.1 US Gallons/hr At 2850 rpm, 8500 feet ....4.5 US Gallons/hr Page 5-4 Issue B...
  • Page 93 Lightning LS-1 Section 5 Pilot's Operating Handbook Performance Issue B...

  • Page 94: Maximum Glide

    Section 5 Lightning LS-1 Performance Pilot’s Operating Handbook 5.6 Maximum Glide  NOTE: Best glide speed decreases approximately 1.5 percent or 1.125 knots for each 100 pounds below gross weight. Page 5-6 Issue B...
  • Page 95 Lightning LS-1 Section 5 Pilot's Operating Handbook Performance LS-1 Lightning Best Glide Speed for Distance –Flaps 30 degrees Glide Distance: Horizontal distance traveled while descending 1,000 feet. Speed in knots Note: 25 September 2008, 5 degrees warmer than standard day. Glides timed for 1 minute between 3,000 feet and 2,000 feet.
  • Page 96 Section 5 Lightning LS-1 Performance Pilot’s Operating Handbook LS-1 Minimum Sink Represents a Glide Ratio of 17.5 to 1. Time in seconds to descend 1,000 feet. 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Speed in knots Note: 25 September 2008, 5 degrees warmer than standard day.

  • Page 97: Introduction

    Lightning LS-1 Section 6 Pilot's Operating Handbook Weight & Balance and Installed Equipment Section 6 Weight & Balance and Installed Equipment 6.1 Introduction This section contains basic weight and center of gravity information necessary to ensure correct loading of the aircraft. The N-number of the aircraft, as delivered, is listed in the footer of each page.

  • Page 98: Baggage Zone Definitions

    Section 6 Lightning LS-1 Weight & Balance and Installed Equipment Pilot’s Operating Handbook 6.2 Center of Gravity (CG) Limits Datum ............Firewall Forward Limit ...... 30.0 inches aft of datum Up to and including 1320 lbs Aft Limit ......34.0 inches aft of datum 6.3 Weight Limits Maximum takeoff weight ......

  • Page 99: Moment Arm Information

    Lightning LS-1 Section 6 Pilot's Operating Handbook Weight & Balance and Installed Equipment 6.5 Moment Arm Information Cockpit Seat Station ..... 44.1 inches aft of datum Fuel Station ......37.4 inches aft of datum Baggage Area ..... 69.76 inches aft of datum Issue B N----...

  • Page 100: Weight & Balance Determination For Flight

    Section 6 Lightning LS-1 Weight & Balance and Installed Equipment Pilot’s Operating Handbook 6.6 Weight and Balance Determination for Flight It is the pilot’s responsibility to ensure that the aircraft is properly loaded and operated within the prescribed weight and CG limits. The following steps should be used to calculate the airplane weight and CG before each flight using Table 6-1 as a guide and Table 6-2 for aircraft-specific data.
  • Page 101 Lightning LS-1 Section 6 Pilot's Operating Handbook Weight & Balance and Installed Equipment Lightning LS-1, N-----, s/n ----- Weight Moment Item Description [LB] [IN] [LB-IN] Basic Empty Weight Ensure use of appropriate values ------ ---- from Airplane Weight and Balance Record.
  • Page 102 Section 6 Lightning LS-1 Weight & Balance and Installed Equipment Pilot’s Operating Handbook Lightning LS-1 N----, s/n ----- Weight Moment Item Description [LB] [IN] [LB-IN] Basic Empty Weight Ensure use of appropriate values from Airplane Weight and Balance Record. Fuel Loading 37.4 35.4 US gallons maximum at 6 lbs/gal Total Pilot and Passenger...

  • Page 103: Aircraft Equipment List

    Lightning LS-1 Section 6 Pilot's Operating Handbook Weight & Balance and Installed Equipment 6.7 Aircraft Equipment List Each aircraft is issued a list of installed equipment which must be kept in this portion of the Pilot’s Operating Handbook. Each piece of equipment on the list that requires supplemental operation instructions is issued its own supplement, which must be contained in the Pilot’s Operating Handbook if the equipment is installed in...
  • Page 104 Section 6 Lightning LS-1 Weight & Balance and Installed Equipment Pilot’s Operating Handbook Installed Equipment- Lightning LS-1 Registration N---- Airframe Serial No. ---- Airworthiness Date of Issue --/--/---- S=Standard Equipment O= Optional Equipment X= Installed in This Aircraft INSTRUMENTS & AVIONICS S Single GRT Sport 8.4"...
  • Page 105 Lightning LS-1 Section 6 Pilot's Operating Handbook Weight & Balance and Installed Equipment AIRFRAME OPTIONS Jabiru 3300A Aircraft Engine s/n ----- Sensenich Fiberglass Sheathed Wood Propeller O Sensenich Carbon Ground Adjustable Propeller Kannad 406 MHz ELT with panel remote Vertical Card Compass 12V Charging Outlet Music Input Jack Hobbs meter...
  • Page 106 Section 6 Lightning LS-1 Weight & Balance and Installed Equipment Pilot’s Operating Handbook PAINT & FINISHING Paint System............Matrix Color Paint Code Color Name Base Color MT-84 Matrix Base White Trim Color 1 Trim Color 2 Trim Color 3 Clear Coat Page 6-10 N--- Issue B...

  • Page 107: General Description

    Lightning LS-1 Section 7 Pilot's Operating Handbook Description of Airplane & Systems Section 7 Description of Airplane & Systems 7.1 General Description The Lightning LS-1 is an all-composite, two-place, single engine, low-wing monoplane equipped with fixed landing gear and a fixed-pitch propeller. It was built and certified under the FAA-accepted ASTM standards for Light-Sport Aircraft airworthiness requirements.

  • Page 108: Flight & Ground Controls

    Section 7 Lightning LS-1 Description of Airplane & Systems Pilot’s Operating Handbook 7.2 Flight & Ground Controls PRIMARY FLIGHT CONTROLS The primary flight control system consists of conventional aileron, elevator and rudder control surfaces. The elevator and ailerons are manually actuated with push-pull control tubes connected to the control stick assembly.

  • Page 109: Instrument Panel

    Lightning LS-1 Section 7 Pilot's Operating Handbook Description of Airplane & Systems GROUND CONTROLS The nose wheel is free castering to approximately 30 degrees each direction. Toe brakes are used to activate each main disc brake separately to assist in steering.

  • Page 110: Flight Instruments

    Section 7 Lightning LS-1 Description of Airplane & Systems Pilot’s Operating Handbook 7.4 Flight Instruments Please refer to the Supplements section of this POH for operating instructions for the flight instruments and avionics installed in this aircraft. PITOT/STATIC SYSTEM The pitot/static mast is mounted under the right wing and is not heated.
  • Page 111 Lightning LS-1 Section 7 Pilot's Operating Handbook Description of Airplane & Systems AIRSPEED CALIBRATION Indicated airspeed differs from calibrated airspeed due to instrument and position error in the pitot static system. This position error affects indicated airspeeds at slower airspeeds KCAS KIAS Flaps UP...

  • Page 112: Engine Systems

    Section 7 Lightning LS-1 Description of Airplane & Systems Pilot’s Operating Handbook 7.5 Engine Systems ENGINE INFORMATION Manufacturer......Jabiru Aircraft Pty Ltd Model ............. 3300A Configuration......Horizontally-Opposed Drive.............Direct-Drive Cooling............Air-Cooled Ignition......Dual Transistorized Magneto Carburetor......BING altitude-compensating Power Rating ......107 hp @ 2750 RPM ......

  • Page 113: Propeller

    Lightning LS-1 Section 7 Pilot's Operating Handbook Description of Airplane & Systems ENGINE INSTRUMENTS All engine data is sensed and processed by an electronic engine monitor (either Grand Rapids or Dynon) and displayed on the primary or secondary EFIS system as selected by the pilot. Engine warnings display as prominent yellow or red alerts on the primary EFIS screen.

  • Page 114: Electrical System

    Section 7 Lightning LS-1 Description of Airplane & Systems Pilot’s Operating Handbook 7.7 Electrical System Battery.........12V sealed drycell Reserve capacity....approx. 1 hour @ 12 amps Alternator....20-amp A/C, permanent-magnet Voltage Regulator....External regulator-rectifyer Circuit Breakers..........Pull-Type Switches..........Breaker-Type 7.8 Fuel System The LS-1 fuel system is comprised of a 15 gallon tank in each wing.
  • Page 115 Lightning LS-1 Section 7 Pilot's Operating Handbook Description of Airplane & Systems settings: LEFT, RIGHT, and OFF. LEFT draws fuel from the left wing tank, RIGHT draws fuel from the right wing tank, and OFF shuts off the fuel supply to the engine at the location of the selector valve.
  • Page 116 Section 7 Lightning LS-1 Description of Airplane & Systems Pilot’s Operating Handbook CARBURETOR HEAT SYSTEM Air temperatures inside the carburetor drop during normal operation due to vaporization of the fuel and acceleration of air through the carburetor. This cooling can result in surface temperatures as much as 30°F below the temperature of the ambient air.
  • Page 117 Lightning LS-1 Section 7 Pilot's Operating Handbook Description of Airplane & Systems Carburetor heat may be safely used on the ground but is not to be used during takeoff or climb. In case of a go-around, turn the carburetor heat OFF as soon as safely possible.
  • Page 118 Section 7 Lightning LS-1 Description of Airplane & Systems Pilot’s Operating Handbook THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK Page 7-12 Issue B...

  • Page 119: General

    Lightning LS-1 Aircraft Maintenance Manual and the most current revisions of applicable Jabiru 3300 (Hydraulic Lifters) engine manuals. The most current engine manuals are available from www.jabiru.net.au. The Aircraft Service Manual may be downloaded from the Arion Aircraft website: http://www.flylightning.net. Issue B...

  • Page 120: Ground Handling And Tiedown

    Section 8 Lightning LS-1 Ground Handling and Servicing Pilot’s Operating Handbook 8.2 Ground Handling & Tie-Down GROUND HANDLING & TOWING Only manual ground handling is recommended. Hand pressure placed down onto the root of the vertical stabilizer will lift the nose wheel off of the ground and allow the handler to maneuver the aircraft.
  • Page 121 Lightning LS-1 Section 8 Pilot's Operating Handbook Ground Handling and Servicing Pull or push only on the inboard 5” of propeller. Do not use prop tips. Approved push pull points. Figure 8-1: Approved Push-Pull Points Issue B...
  • Page 122 Arion Aircraft recommends use of a canopy cover during periods of outdoor storage. A good quality cover protects the canopy, shields the interior from UV damage and helps keep water out of the aircraft.
  • Page 123 Lightning LS-1 Section 8 Pilot's Operating Handbook Ground Handling and Servicing When parking the aircraft outdoors: 1. Always remember to close both cabin air vents to prevent rain and wildlife from getting inside the cabin. 2. Always place the propeller in the horizontal position to avoid uneven accumulation of moisture in the blades.
  • Page 124 Section 8 Lightning LS-1 Ground Handling and Servicing Pilot’s Operating Handbook Figure 8-2: Tie-down configuration. Notice tie-down angle away from aircraft and slack left in tie-down ropes. Page 8-6 Issue B...

  • Page 125: Servicing Fuel And Engine Oil

    Lightning LS-1 Section 8 Pilot's Operating Handbook Ground Handling and Servicing 8.3 Servicing Fuel and Engine Oil GUIDELINES FOR SAFE FUELING 1. Fuel quantity must be visually checked before each flight. 2. A fuel sample must be drawn from each main tank before each flight and after each refueling to check for water or sediment in the fuel system.
  • Page 126 Section 8 Lightning LS-1 Ground Handling and Servicing Pilot’s Operating Handbook  WARNING: Always check for fuel contamination. Contamination is a major cause of engine failure. Once fuel is dispensed into a container, contamination hazards exist. Use a clean, safety approved storage container.
  • Page 127 Lightning LS-1 Section 8 Pilot's Operating Handbook Ground Handling and Servicing 6. Add the appropriate amount and grade of engine oil using a clean funnel. 7. Reinsert dipstick and turn cap until snug. DO NOT over-tighten. 8. Clean up any spilled oil and close the oil door. ...

  • Page 128: Approved Fuel & Oil Grades

    Section 8 Lightning LS-1 Ground Handling and Servicing Pilot’s Operating Handbook OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM A vent line runs from the filler neck on the crankcase to the Oil Recovery Bottle, which is mounted on the engine mount. This bottle collects excess oil and condensation.

  • Page 129: Basic Undercarriage Maintenance

    Lightning LS-1 Section 8 Pilot's Operating Handbook Ground Handling and Servicing Oils meeting these requirements include, but are not limited to, AeroShell W100 and AeroShell part synthetic 15W-50, with Aeroshell 15W-50 being the preferred oil. In cold climates, AeroShell part synthetic 15W-50 (or equivalent) is recommended.

  • Page 130: Propeller Care & Servicing

    Section 8 Lightning LS-1 Ground Handling and Servicing Pilot’s Operating Handbook 8.6 Propeller Care And Servicing Sensenich wood and glass-covered propellers will give years of reliable service if properly cared for. Tips for long propeller life include: 1. Always store your aircraft with the propeller in the horizontal position to avoid uneven accumulation of moisture in the blades.

  • Page 131: Cleaning And Care

    Lightning LS-1 Section 8 Pilot's Operating Handbook Ground Handling and Servicing elongation of propeller hub bolt holes and subsequent propeller failure. Nicks and gouges in a wood propeller must be repaired according to Sensenich Wood Propeller Company repair procedures. 8.7 Cleaning and Care EXTERIOR The exterior finish used on Lightning aircraft is a two- part automotive-type paint system that utilizes a base...
  • Page 132 Section 8 Lightning LS-1 Ground Handling and Servicing Pilot’s Operating Handbook Heavy accumulation of bugs and grease on painted surfaces should be removed with a light mixture of soap and water and then rinsed. The TurtleWax ® then be applied for a smooth protective shine. Specialty plastic cleaners such as Plexus ®...

  • Page 133: Removal Of Cowling & Wheel Pants

    Lightning LS-1 Section 8 Pilot's Operating Handbook Ground Handling and Servicing 8.8 Removal Of Cowling & Wheel Pants ENGINE COWL REMOVAL AND REINSTALLATION To access the engine compartment, the upper and lower engine cowlings are removable. The Upper Cowl is held in place with Camlock fasteners.
  • Page 134 Section 8 Lightning LS-1 Ground Handling and Servicing Pilot’s Operating Handbook 2. Reinstall the Camlocks. Hint: The Camlocks on the top rear edge of the cowl may be different lengths, depending on the thickness of the material they anchor into. If a Camlock does not latch into place, try it in one of the other holes.
  • Page 135 Lightning LS-1 Section 8 Pilot's Operating Handbook Ground Handling and Servicing TO REINSTALL LOWER COWL: 1. Find a helper to lift the cowl into position. Avoid hitting the edge of the cowl on the spinner, as it will scratch the polished metal. 2.

  • Page 136: Trickle Charger

    Section 8 Lightning LS-1 Ground Handling and Servicing Pilot’s Operating Handbook 8.9 Trickle Charger Each Lightning LS-1 is delivered from the factory with a trickle charger. The pigtail for the charger is accessible through the oil door in the top of the cowling and connects to the aircraft battery.

  • Page 137: Section 9: Supplements

    Lightning LS-1 Section 9 Pilot's Operating Handbook Supplements Section 9 Supplements 9.1 Introduction This section contains instructions for equipment installed in the aircraft including the flight display screens, engine information system, and autopilot. Supplements and their revisions are controlled by the Supplement Log on page 9-3.

  • Page 138: Owner Change Of Address

    Pilot’s Operating Handbook 9.4 Owner Change Of Address Notice It is mandatory for LS-1 owners to update their contact information with Arion Aircraft to ensure timely delivery of safety notices and other important information. Failure to do so may affect airworthiness of your aircraft.
  • Page 139 Lightning LS-1 Section 9 Pilot's Operating Handbook Supplements LOG OF SUPPLEMENTS No. Title Revision Date N---- FTS Flight Training 12/1/11 GRT EIS 6000 12/1/11 PM1000II Intercom 2/15/10 S2a PM3000 Intercom 12/1/11 Garmin SL40 2/15/10 Garmin SL30 2/15/10 Garmin GTX327 2/15/10 Garmin GTX330 2/15/10 GRT Sport EFIS...
  • Page 140 Section 9 Lightning LS-1 Supplements Pilot’s Operating Handbook No. Title Revision Date Page 9-4 Issue B...
  • Page 141 Lightning LS-1 Section 9 Pilot's Operating Handbook Flight Training Supplement Lightning LS-1 Flight Training Supplement INTRODUCTION This flight training supplement is intended to provide information regarding features, performance, and procedures that are unique to this aircraft model. It does not provide information or details about subject matter that is considered common knowledge or part of a standard flight training regimen.
  • Page 142 Section 9 Lightning LS-1 Flight Training Supplement Pilot’s Operating Handbook Figure S11: Baggage Area Figure S11-1: Rudder Pedals Page FTS-2 Issue B...
  • Page 143 Lightning LS-1 Section 9 Pilot's Operating Handbook Flight Training Supplement PRIMARY FLIGHT CONTROLS The Lightning LS-1 uses traditional rudder pedals for yaw control (see Figure S11-1). The pitch and roll controls are actuated using one of two control sticks, (see Item 1, Figure S11-2) with one in front of both pilot and passenger seats.
  • Page 144 Section 9 Lightning LS-1 Flight Training Supplement Pilot’s Operating Handbook Figure S11-3: Throttle SECONDARY CONTROLS The secondary controls are the elevator (pitch) trim, wing flap actuation, and braking controls. Pitch trim and wing flap switches are located above the engine controls in a GRT system (See Figure S11-4) or below the engine controls in a Dynon system.
  • Page 145 Lightning LS-1 Section 9 Pilot's Operating Handbook Flight Training Supplement switch results in a nose-down condition and pushing the bottom results in a nose-up condition. Newer aircraft have the LED flap and trim position indicators omitted in favor of an electronic display on the primary EFIS.
  • Page 146 Section 9 Lightning LS-1 Flight Training Supplement Pilot’s Operating Handbook pedal actuates the right wheel brake. Releasing the pedal pressure returns the brake to the neutral (non- braking) position. Figure S11-5: Brake Pedals FUEL SYSTEM The original LS-1 fuel system was comprised of an 11 gallon tank in each wing (total of 22 gallons).
  • Page 147 Lightning LS-1 Section 9 Pilot's Operating Handbook Flight Training Supplement Figure S11-8: Fuel Selector Valve FUEL SUMPS The aircraft has two fuel sumps (one in each of the wing tanks) with quick-drain valves that must be checked during preflight operations. The wing sump quick-drain valves are located on the underside of the wing just outboard of the where the main landing gear legs enter the fuselage.
  • Page 148 Section 9 Lightning LS-1 Flight Training Supplement Pilot’s Operating Handbook Figure S11-6: Exterior Canopy Latch Figure S11-7: Interior Canopy Latch Page FTS-8 Issue B...
  • Page 149 Lightning LS-1 Section 9 Pilot's Operating Handbook Flight Training Supplement COCKPIT ENTRY AND EGRESS The height of the Lightning Sport canopy rail with respect to the ground and wing makes entry and egress very easy. The recommended approach for entry into the cockpit consists of stepping up on the wing and then stepping into the cockpit seat and sit down on the seat back.
  • Page 150 Section 9 Lightning LS-1 Flight Training Supplement Pilot’s Operating Handbook TRANSITION TRAINING GUIDELINES This section is presented to familiarize new Lightning pilots and their flight instructors with the basic operating knowledge and flight characteristics of the airplane. It is an outline of subject matter and flight exercises that have been proven to be useful during training in Lightning aircraft.
  • Page 151 Lightning LS-1 Section 9 Pilot's Operating Handbook Flight Training Supplement Lesson 1--Ground Aircraft Familiarization (2.0 Hours) Section 1-- Cockpit and Instrumentation I. Cockpit familiarization A. Controls Throttle Carb heat control Cabin heat & ventilation control Choke control Control sticks Rudder pedals and adjusters Toe brakes Trim Flaps...
  • Page 152 Section 9 Lightning LS-1 Flight Training Supplement Pilot’s Operating Handbook I. Airframe Systems A. Flight Controls Ailerons Elevator Rudder Trim Flaps B. Wheels & brakes C. Fuel system II. Engine Systems Carb heat Cabin heat Throttle & choke Fuel pump Oil fill &...
  • Page 153 Lightning LS-1 Section 9 Pilot's Operating Handbook Flight Training Supplement Takeoff Climbs Cruise Descents Approach Landing Go-around and balked landings Shut down & securing Section 4-- Performance charts and Weight and Balance Weight & balance Takeoff Cruise Landing Comments_____________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Transitioning pilot: _________________________...
  • Page 154 Section 9 Lightning LS-1 Flight Training Supplement Pilot’s Operating Handbook NOTE: Before beginning any flight training, the instructor pilot and transitioning pilot must be aware of each other's responsibilities in the cockpit. Have a "positive exchange of flight controls" technique in place and use it. I.
  • Page 155 Lightning LS-1 Section 9 Pilot's Operating Handbook Flight Training Supplement any aircraft and must be treated accordingly. III. Stalls Power on (partial power), flaps up-- to stall buffet only Power off, flaps up-- to buffet only Power off, flaps down --to buffet only Power on (partial power), flaps up-- full stall Power off, flaps up-- full stall Power off, flaps down-- full stall...
  • Page 156 Section 9 Lightning LS-1 Flight Training Supplement Pilot’s Operating Handbook Lesson 3-- Airport Operations (2.0 hours) I. Takeoffs Normal takeoff a. Rudder only for directional control, no brake! b. Rotate 50-55 kts with smooth, slow pitch application. c. Pitch for the horizon (not an airspeed), let the aircraft accelerate.
  • Page 157 Lightning LS-1 Section 9 Pilot's Operating Handbook Flight Training Supplement NOTE: The first several trips around the pattern should be planned low approaches, with a go-around planned between 25 and 50 feet AGL, to allow the transitioning pilot to practice airspeed control and aircraft handling low to the ground.
  • Page 158 Section 9 Lightning LS-1 Flight Training Supplement Pilot’s Operating Handbook a. Same as normal approach, but 50-55 kts on short final with full flaps. Soft field a. Same as short field approach. III. Landings Short final a. Stabilized approach speed near 60 kts on short final b.
  • Page 159 Lightning LS-1 Section 9 Pilot's Operating Handbook Flight Training Supplement a. Advance full throttle and fly the aircraft to a safe altitude. b. Hold the nose on the horizon to establish a climb. c. Carb heat off. d. Retract flaps slowly until accelerated above 80 kts IAS.
  • Page 160 Section 9 Lightning LS-1 Flight Training Supplement Pilot’s Operating Handbook in the same manner as described above for a short final go-around. Comments:_____________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Transitioning pilot: __________________________ Instructing pilot: ___________________________ Date: ________________ Lesson 4-- Emergency Operations (1.5 hours) In all situations regarding emergency procedures, some of the most important things to remember are: ...
  • Page 161 Lightning LS-1 Section 9 Pilot's Operating Handbook Flight Training Supplement I. Engine-out Procedure After takeoff, below 1000’ AGL: a. Establish best glide of 75 kts IAS b. Pick a field straight ahead or no more than 30 degrees each side of runway centerline. c.
  • Page 162 Section 9 Lightning LS-1 Flight Training Supplement Pilot’s Operating Handbook Best glide with flaps UP is 75 kts IAS. Best glide with flaps at 30 degrees is 64 kts IAS. Best loiter time (longest time in the air) is 50 kts IAS.
  • Page 163 Lightning LS-1 Section 9 Pilot's Operating Handbook Flight Training Supplement should try again. e. If you over shoot the spot, you should try again. f. Practice this until proficient at hitting the touchdown area using normal landing techniques. Once good at the above, set the aircraft up in different positions near the airport.
  • Page 164 Section 9 Lightning LS-1 Flight Training Supplement Pilot’s Operating Handbook Lesson 5-- Review (Time as needed) I. Review of topics at instructor’s discretion. Comments:_____________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Transitioning pilot: ___________________________ Instructing pilot: ____________________________ Date: ________________ Page FTS-24 Issue B...

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