Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO 2000T User And Maintenance Manual

2000 w fm power transmitter

Hide thumbs

Table of Contents

Quick Links

Download this manual

Electronic Broadcast Equipment

- SIRIO 2000T -

2000

2000 W FM PO

USER AND MAINTENANCE MANU

USER

SIRIO 2000T

W FM PO

W FM POWER

W FM PO

AND MAINTENANCE MANU

AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL

AND MAINTENANCE MANU

WER

TRANSMITTER

WER

WER TRANSMITTER

TRANSMITTER

Rev. 2.0 - 06/03

Pag. 1

Table of Contents

Need help?

Do you have a question about the SIRIO 2000T and is the answer not in the manual?

Questions and answers

Summary of Contents for Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO 2000T

Page 1 Electronic Broadcast Equipment - SIRIO 2000T - - SIRIO 2000T - - SIRIO 2000T - - SIRIO 2000T - - SIRIO 2000T - 2000 2000 W FM PO W FM PO TRANSMITTER TRANSMITTER 2000 2000 2000 W FM PO W FM PO...
Page 2 Electronic Broadcast Equipment Registrazione, Garanzia, Registration, Guarantee, Feedbak The equipment is warranted for a period of 2 years from the date of invoice La garanzia è di 2 anni data fattura franco fabbrica. La garanzia non copre (ex-works). The warranty does not cover faults provoked by carelessness, i guasti dovuti a negligenza, dovuti a cause naturali e i materiali soggetti ad natural causes and parts subject to wear.
Page 3 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AVVERTENZE IMPORTANT: Carefully read this paragraph as it contains important instructions ATTENZIONE, leggere attentamente le avvertenze contenute nel seguente paragrafo in concerning operator safety and directions regarding the installation, operation and quanto forniscono importanti indicazioni riguardanti la sicurezza, l'installazione, l'uso e maintenance of the equipment.
Page 4 Electronic Broadcast Equipment • In caso di guasto e/o di anomalo funzionamento dell'apparato è obbligo spegnerlo, • Do not attempt to make repairs and/or adjustments when covers/guards or circuit boards disconnettere l' a limentazione, non manometterlo e rivolgersi al rivenditore.
Page 5 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SICHERHEITSINWEISE PRECAUTIONS ACHTUNG! Die im folgenden Abschnitt beshriebenen Hinweise mit Sorgfalt lesen, da ATTENTION, lire toutes les instructions donnè es dans ce paragraphe car elles sie wichtige Informationen über die Sicherheit, die Installation, die Bedienung und die concernent la securitè, l'installation, l'emploi et l'entretien.
Page 6 Electronic Broadcast Equipment • Keine Instandsetzungs- und/oder Einstellungsarbeit durchführen, die die Entfernung von • Si on a une panne et / ou un mauvais fonctionnement de l'appareil, il faut l'éteindre, Deckeln oder das Herausziehen von Karten vorsehen. deconnecter l' a limentation, ne pas l' e ndommager et s' a dresser au détaillant.
Page 7 Electronic Broadcast Equipment WARNING! The currents and voltages in this equipment are dangerous! Personnel must at all times observe safety regulation! This manual is intended as a general guide for trained and qualified personnel who are aware of the dangers inherent in handling potentially hazardous electrical and electronic circuits.
Page 8 Electronic Broadcast Equipment Treatment of electrical Shock 1, If victim is not responsive follow the A-B-C’S of basic life support. PLACE VICTIM FLAT ON HIS BACK ON A HARD SURFACE A AIRWAY B BREATHING UNCONSCIOUS, IF NOT BREATHING, OPEN AIRWAY...
Page 9 Electronic Broadcast Equipment FIRST-AID Personnel engaged in the installation, operation, maintenance or servicing of this equipment are urged to become familiar with first-aid theory and practices, The following information is not intended to be a complete first-aid proce- dure, it is brief and is only to be used as a reference. it is the duty of all personnel using the equipment to be prepared to give adequate Emergency First Aid and thereby prevent avoidable loss of life.
Page 10 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 10...
Page 11 FM 2000W TRANSMITTER INTRODUCTION SIRIO 2000T series transmitters are the.result of a long experience gained by A.E.V. along years of producing FM broadcast equipment, transmitters, stl and stereo encoders. These transmitters are specifically designed to comply with the latest international standards and the requirements of the most advanced broadcasters, meeting tighter specifications than usually required, but still at an affordable cost.
Page 12: General Description
Electronic Broadcast Equipment 2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION SIRIO 2000T is a 2KW rated, direct-synthesis, high quality FM-modulated transmitter. Being digitally controlled, it is extensively programmable by front panel, on field or remotely, in every respect: frequency, power, channel sensitivity, preemphasis, functioning mode (mono, stereo, external mpx), clock, date and many other parameters, without adjusting or replacing any part.
Page 13 3. TECHNICAL FEATURES 3.1 FRONT PANEL COMMANDS AND SIGNALLING SIRIO 2000T front panel is simple and easy to control. The wide alphanumeric display and the control keyboard are self-explanatory and allow the menu-driven navigation through the various options. Great care was taken in the design of the software to give a natural approach to the various controls and to allow operation and programming in every respect of the transmitter.
Page 14: Rear Panel Connectors
Electronic Broadcast Equipment AUDIO INPUT AUDIO INPUT 1 Ground 1 Ground POWER POWER 2 Signal - 2 Signal - 3 Signal + 3 Signal + CAUTION! CAUTION! CIRCUITS AT THE REAR OF THIS PANEL ARE CIRCUITS AT THE REAR OF THIS PANEL ARE CONNECTED TO MAINS VOLTAGE.
Page 15 Electronic Broadcast Equipment Note that: - The hot centre pin of the "EXTERNAL" BNC input (MPX or stereo inout) is physically in parallel to the "+ input" signal (pin 3) on the mono/right channel XLR socket. For this reason it's not possible to use both inputs at the same time.
Page 16: Technical Specifications
Electronic Broadcast Equipment 4. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Frequency range: 87.5 ÷ 108 MHz S/N ratio, stereo: >66 dB, 68 tip. (30÷20000Hz) Modulation: FM, 75 kHz peak deviation: 180k F3E mono Modulation distortion: 256kF3E stereo <0.05% 0.02% tip. @ 75kHz dev. <0.2% 0.05% tip. @ 150kHz dev.
Page 17: Installation And Use
Electronic Broadcast Equipment 5. INSTALLATION AND USE 5.1 FOREWORD TO INSTALLATION Although in most cases no special instruments are required, have only skilled personnel to install the transmitter. To make best use of the transmitter’s capabilities and in order to prevent damages to the unit, always comply with the recommendations of this manual.
Page 18 Electronic Broadcast Equipment 5.2 PLACING THE TRANSMITTER Install transmitter in a dry, sheltered but well-ventilated room free from dust, moisture, insects and vermin (mice). Place transmitter as close as possible to the antenna to prevent excessive power loss in the antenna cables.
Page 19: Wiring Into The Mains
Electronic Broadcast Equipment 5.3 WIRING INTO THE MAINS The transmitter is powered by a single-phase line. Mains capacity must be at least 4.8 kVA and the nominal voltage is 230Vac. In some countries, where 115Vac is the standard, this voltage must be internally set at factory, or in place by skilled people, before installation.
Page 20: System Connection
Electronic Broadcast Equipment 5.4 SYSTEM CONNECTION 1) Connect the 7/16-type output connector, marked “RF OUT” to the antenna or to a following RF amplifier with any top-grade 50-ohm shielded cable of suitable power handling. Low-attenuation type cable must be used for antenna connection, we suggest Celflex or similar 1/2" cable.
Page 21: Lf Connection And Presets
Electronic Broadcast Equipment 6) The first task to manage when turning on the transmitter as factory delivered is to enter the passwords. At least the 3rd (the highest) level must be immediately changed: if any unauthorised people change it, or if you loose it, there is no way to recover it and the transmitter may become unmanageable.
Page 22 Electronic Broadcast Equipment In case of unbalanced drive, input pin 2 shall be short-circuited with ground and shield on pin 1, while the signal shall be available on pin 3. Higher impedance selection, in this case, will be 5 kohm instead of 10 kohm.
Page 23 Electronic Broadcast Equipment In the same way, when talking about modulation, we will generally assume 0 dB as the signal which produces 100% maximum allowed modulation, i.e. 75 kHz deviation. There is no absolute worldwide standard regarding LF peak level as modulation signal for a transmitter, nor for the mean deviation.
Page 24 Electronic Broadcast Equipment The transmitter’s internal limiter is peak-clipping type; this means that as soon at it cuts in, modulation distortion increases sharply. For this reason, the modulation signal should be kept under control to prevent intervention of the limiter. Anyway, do not over-estimate this problem: occasional action of the limiter is mostly unperceivable.
Page 25 - Pin 2, On The Air: a +12V/10kΩ signals that the transmitter delivers, subtantial RF power, - Pin 3, Direct power: a signal proportional to direct power is present, with a pseudo square law. Range is 0-5Vdc / 1kΩ impedance. With SIRIO 2000T a 5V stands for 2000W. ≈...
Page 26: Operation
Electronic Broadcast Equipment 5.6 OPERATION Mono Broadcasting, from a monophonic audio source through main mono channel: 1) Wire the “right” (or mono) input connector to the corresponding audio source as described in the "system connection" section. No connection to the "left" channel input is needed. The signal runs through the channel processor and is 15-kHz filtered and pre-emphasised.
Page 27 Electronic Broadcast Equipment 2) Select the "MODE" command menu and select the "STEREO" operating mode. Confirm or change 50 or 75µs preemphasis as required. Operation with a RDS or SCA Encoder: 1) Wire the BNC-type “Aux” connector to the output of the RDS or SCA Encoder. If the internal optional stereo-encoder is used, wire the "MODULATION"...
Page 28 Electronic Broadcast Equipment 1) Disconnect any signal from the external stereo-encoder input and any RDS or SCA signal. 2) Select the display menu field "MPX" and check the pilot tone, which must be now the only signal avalable. The standard level is that previously stated, i.e. 9-10% or -21 ÷ -20dB, and may be adjusted accordingly on the external stereo-encoder to suit the request.
Page 29: Commands And Programming
Electronic Broadcast Equipment 6. COMMANDS AND PROGRAMMING The transmitter allows exhaustive control of all transmission parameters and complete programmability and monitoring facilities through the various software controls via the front panel keyboard and display. The same functions are remotely addressable with a proper software, which is not included as a standard option.
Page 30: Factory Default Passwords
Electronic Broadcast Equipment Level 3: Highest security level. It is always "on" by default and resets anyway to "on" after the display time-out, for security purpose. Its knowledge is deserved only toa very few individuals and must be immediately entered after set up and kept in a safe place: there is no way to read it after you have set it and confirmed into the transmitter.
Page 31: Menu And Commands Description
Electronic Broadcast Equipment 6.3 MENU AND COMMANDS DESCRIPTION The hierarchical tree of the menu is depicted in the following table, with a small number near the left side of each field for easy reference. In the following pages we will examine each menu field and option.
Page 32: Enter Password
Electronic Broadcast Equipment Navigation through the menu fields is straight forward and natural, with the direction keys: The "up" and "down" keys scroll the fields vertically, while the "left" and "right" keys scroll the menu horizzontally . Moving to the right maybe prohibited by the password permission, while returning to left is always possible.
Page 33 Electronic Broadcast Equipment Menu #00: Default Message AEV BOLOGNA -ITALY X25 SW rev.1.0 This field shows the default message and the software release. It is the field that will be initially displayed or to which pressing repeatedly you can get back, after the "escape" key.
Page 34 Electronic Broadcast Equipment Menu #03: Left & Right Signal Level in dB LEFT level - 3.0dB RIGHT level - 4.5dB This field shows the present left and right peak modulation in dB, referred to 75kHz dev. The reading is adequately accurate with real audio signals. Some steady state test tone especially at very low audio frequency may beat with the discrete ADC conversion sometimes producing reading uncertainty (aliasing).
Page 35 Electronic Broadcast Equipment Menu #06: Aux, Left, Right and Mpx level in dB -11.2 -3.0 -4.5 +0.0 This field summarizes all toghether the present modulation in dB of the auxiliary, left, right and multiplex signal as seen in their own menu fields - AUX - L - R - MPX Menu #08: Internal Voltages +20.2V +12.4V -12.9V...
Page 36: Password Level
Electronic Broadcast Equipment Menu #12: Elapsed Time ELAPSED TIME 000356 HOURS This field shows the elapsed time and whether the transmitter is on the air (or in stand-by with the mains applied). There is no way to change the reading.
Page 37 Electronic Broadcast Equipment Menu #14: Software Reset EXEC SOFTWARE RESET? This field performs a software reset if knowing at least the level 1 password. The main purpose of this reset is to input a new password level; its action is similar to turning off and on the mains to the transmitter. A software reset will lead to a small interruption of the RF output power which will be re-established in 1-2 seconds, while lock on frequency will not be lost.
Page 38: Confirm Password
Electronic Broadcast Equipment Menu #23: Password Confirmation CONFIRM PASSWORD ..This field is displayed when password code or mode is changed on menu #13. It requires to input the same password as in the current level which has to be changed. Failure to do it will produce the following...
Page 39 Electronic Broadcast Equipment Menu #29: Date and Time Set T(A/H): +30°C +36°C 01 JAN 02 17:22:10 This field is the command mode display of menu #09 with the 2nd level password authorisation and allows to set date and time. As in the previous menu, the left and right keys change the input fields while the up and down keys increase/decrease now the date and time.
Page 40 Electronic Broadcast Equipment Menu #37: Frequency mode FREQUENCY MODE 100kHz / STEP This field, with the 3rd level authorisation, allow to set the frequency step variation between 100 and 10kHz. Menu #39: Power-down setup AUTO POWER-DOWN OFF 23:00--06:00 P=50% This field, with the 2nd level authorisation, allow to preset the "power-down" mode.
Page 41: Service And Maintenance
6 and 12 months. Because of the high-quality materials used in their manufacture, out of the above cases if SIRIO 2000T is installed as set forth as per “INSTALLATION AND USE,” it will not require any special maintenance for quite a long time.
Page 42 Electronic Broadcast Equipment 8. GUARANTEE Like all AEV S.P.A.'s solid state equipment, this transmitter carries a one-year guarantee on all the components with the exclusion of the final RF power transistors which may be damaged by faulty output connections. This guarantee is null and voids if the transmitter is tampered with, or if failure is due to improper use, wrong installation or external causes, such as mains overvoltage, lightning or excessive moisture in the environment.
Page 43: Internal Description
Electronic Broadcast Equipment 9. SERVICE MANUAL 9.1 INTERNAL DESCRIPTION SIRIO2000T transmitter is made with several internal modules, as can be seen in the drawing “General view” and in the "General wiring diagram", both comprised in this manual: -The CPU controller and display board...
Page 44 Electronic Broadcast Equipment THE CPU CONTROLLER AND DISPLAY This circuit board is fundamentally simple. It contains the CPU, the keyboard and few other circuits that we will briefly discuss. The CPU has 3 digital 8-bit ports and an analog one. This latter is the interface with the analog signals that must be measured in the transmitter.
Page 45 Electronic Broadcast Equipment THE LF AND RF CONTROL AND PROCESS MAIN-BOARD This is the most complex board in the transmitter and supports the LF input processing, with level adjustment, audio-pass filtering and limiting. It also includes the RF control section and the I/O interfaces and interconnecting the various transmitter modules with flat-cables.
Page 46 Electronic Broadcast Equipment The signal goes to the stereo-encoder circuit’s input sections if present. In the mean time, the signal on the mono right channel path is sent to a low-pass filter, consisting of the section built around IC10 and IC11, which attenuates the frequencies above 15 kHz for operation in mono.
Page 47 Electronic Broadcast Equipment THE SYNTHESISED OSCILLATOR The frequency synthesizer is a classical phase-locked-loop circuit with 10-kHz step synthesis across the entire FM band. The very low-noise fundamental-frequency VCO consists of a FET-oscillator transistor TR5, modulated by the varactor diode D4÷D7 which also set the operating frequency. The circuit is sensitivity compensated vs.
Page 48 Electronic Broadcast Equipment The transistor gate is biased by a zener network and a resistive trimmer which adjusts the idle current of the transistor. RT1 is usually set to provide some 200mA drain current, with +12Vdc control voltage applied and no RF input. Varying the control voltage towards a negative supply progressively disables the amplifier transistor, so it effectively acts as an AGC input.
Page 49 Electronic Broadcast Equipment The RF power amplifier modules These modules are built around a couple of "Gemini type" Mos-fet transistors each one forming a 300W push-pull amplifier. Discrete Wilkinson-type couplers are on both the input and the output module section, dividing and recombining the input and output signals, so providing a suitable insulation between the transistors.
Page 50 Electronic Broadcast Equipment THE MAIN POWER SUPPLY REGULATOR This module gives an efficient regulation of the raw dc input, 140V ±15% to the nominal lower one of 48V needed by the RF output power modules. Being the efficiency very high, only a little heat is produced in the regulation process.
Page 51 Electronic Broadcast Equipment THE AUXILIARY POWER SUPPLY REGULATOR Also this small power supply regulator is an high-efficiency, low-voltage switch-mode type. Its input is derived by the main nominally regulated +48V. The main switch-mode regulator is buit around IC1 which controls the conduction duty-cycle of its internal series-pass power MOSFET to obtain a 28.0 ±0.1 V DC regulated voltage.
Page 52 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO 2000T TRANSMITTER - FRONT & TOP ASSEMBLY VIEW SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 52...
Page 53 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO 2000T TRANSMITTER - REAR INTERNAL VIEW SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 53...
Page 54 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO2000T TRANSMITTER - GENERAL ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 54...
Page 55 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO 2000T TRANSMITTER - SIRIO ASSEMBLY ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 55...
Page 56: Component Layout
Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO 25AL5 -- AUXILIARY POWER REGULATOR BOARD ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM COMPONENT LAYOUT SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 56...
Page 57 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO 25CON -- CPU CONTROLLER & DISPLAY BOARD ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 57...
Page 58 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO 25CON - CPU CONTROLLER & DISPLAY BOARD COMPONENTS LAYOUT SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 58...
Page 59 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO 1K05IN - INPUT & INTERFACE BOARD ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM COMPONENT LAYOUT SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 59...
Page 60 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO 25MB - MAINBOARD / I/O & RF CONTROL SECTION ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM - 1 of 2 SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 60...
Page 61 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO 25MB - MAINBOARD / LF PROCESS SECTION ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM - 2 of 2 SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 61...
Page 62 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO 25MB - MAINBOARD COMPONENT LAYOUT SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 62...
Page 63 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO 25COD2 - STEREO ENCODER BOARD - ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 63...
Page 64 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO 25COD2 - STEREO ENCODER BOARD COMPONENT LAYOUT SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 64...
Page 65 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO 25MOD - FM SIRIOITER BOARD - ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 65...
Page 66 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO25MOD - FM SIRIOITER BOARD COMPONENT LAYOUT SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 66...
Page 67 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO 25AM5 - FM 25W POWER AMPLIFIER ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 67...
Page 68 Electronic Broadcast Equipment ASSIRIO25AM5 - FM 25W POWER AMPLIFIER COMPONENT LAYOUT SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 68...
Page 69 Electronic Broadcast Equipment ASRFB2K0RF - 2KW AMPLIFIER ASSEMBLY - ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 69...
Page 70 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SRFB1K0LP - 2-PORT RF OUTPUT COMBINER & LPF ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 70...
Page 71 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SRFB500W - 500W AMPLIFIER MODULE ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 71...
Page 72 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SRFB500W - 500W AMPLIFIER MODULE COMPONENT LAYOUT SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 72...
Page 73 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SRFB1K5ALM - 48V/70A SMPS REGULATOR ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM - POWER SECTION SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 73...
Page 74 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SRFB1K5ALM - 48V/70A SMPS REGULATOR ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM - CONTROL SECTION SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 74...
Page 75 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SRFB1K5ALM - 48V/70A SMPS REGULATOR COMPONENT LAYOUT - POWER SECTION SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 75...
Page 76 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SRFB1K5ALM - 48V/70A SMPS REGULATOR COMPONENT LAYOUT - CONTROL SECTION SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 76...
Page 77 Electronic Broadcast Equipment SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T SIRIO 2000T Pag. 77...