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Hukseflux HFP01 User Manual

Heat flux plate / heat flux sensor
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Hukseflux
Thermal Sensors
USER MANUAL
HFP01 & HFP03
Heat flux plate / heat flux sensor
Copyright by Hukseflux | manual v1620 | www.hukseflux.com | info@hukseflux.com

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  • Page 1 Hukseflux Thermal Sensors USER MANUAL HFP01 & HFP03 Heat flux plate / heat flux sensor Copyright by Hukseflux | manual v1620 | www.hukseflux.com | info@hukseflux.com...

  • Page 2: Warning Statements

    Warning statements Putting more than 12 Volt across the sensor wiring can lead to permanent damage to the sensor. Do not use “open circuit detection” when measuring the sensor output. HFP01 HFP03 manual v1620 2/43...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Recommended maintenance and quality assurance Trouble shooting Calibration and checks in the field HFP03 Introduction HFP03 Appendices Appendix on cable extension / replacement Appendix on standards for calibration Appendix on calibration hierarchy EU declaration of conformity HFP01 HFP03 manual v1620 3/43...

  • Page 4: List Of Symbols

    HFP01 is mounted object property at the (wall or soil) surface surface property at indoor location indoor property at outdoor location...

  • Page 5: Introduction

    Introduction HFP01 is the world’s most popular sensor for heat flux measurement in the soil as well as through walls and building envelopes. The total thermal resistance is kept small by using a ceramics-plastic composite body. The sensor is very robust and stable. It is suitable for long term use on one location as well as repeated installation when a measuring system is used at multiple locations.
  • Page 6 U-value and R-value measurements • soil heat flux • Figure 0.2 HFP01. The opposite side has a red coloured cover. Standard cable length is 5 m. The uncertainty of a measurement with HFP01 is a function of: calibration uncertainty •...
  • Page 7 HFP01SC. model HFP03 for increased sensitivity; an alternative is putting two or more HFP01’s • electrically in series. HFP03 specifications can be found in a dedicated chapter of this manual.

  • Page 8: Ordering And Checking At Delivery

    Ordering and checking at delivery 1.1 Ordering HFP01 The standard configuration of HFP01 is with 5 metres cable. Common options are: • longer cable in multiples of 5 m, cable lengths above 20 m in multiples of 10 m. specify total cable length.

  • Page 9: Instrument Principle And Theory

    Instrument principle and theory HFP01’s scientific name is heat flux sensor. A heat flux sensor measures the heat flux density through the sensor itself. This quantity, expressed in W/m , is usually called “heat flux”. HFP01 users typically assume that the measured heat flux is representative of the undisturbed heat flux at the location of the sensor.
  • Page 10 Heat flux sensors such as HFP01, for use in the soil and on building envelopes, are typically calibrated under the following reference conditions: conductive heat flux (as opposed to radiative or convective heat flux) • • homogeneous heat flux across the sensor and guard surface room temperature •...

  • Page 11: Specifications Of Hfp01

    , is called heat flux. Working completely passive, using a thermopile sensor, HFP01 generates a small output voltage proportional to this flux. It can only be used in combination with a suitable measurement system. The sensor should be used in accordance with the recommended practices of ISO and ASTM.
  • Page 12 Table 3.1 Specifications of HFP01 (started on previous page, continued on the next page) Standards governing use of the ISO 9869 Thermal insulation – Building elements – In- instrument situ measurement of thermal resistance and thermal transmittance. ASTM C 1155-95 Standard Practice for Determining Thermal Resistance of Building Envelope Components from the In Situ Data.
  • Page 13 Table 3.1 Specifications of HFP01 (started on previous 2 pages) MEASUREMENT ACCURACY Uncertainty of the measurement statements about the overall measurement uncertainty can only be made on an individual basis. see the chapter on uncertainty evaluation VERSIONS / OPTIONS Longer cable...

  • Page 14: Dimensions Of Hfp01

    3.2 Dimensions of HFP01 Figure 3.2.1 HFP01 heat flux sensor dimensions in x 10 sensing area passive guard of ceramics-plastic composite cable (standard length 5 m, optionally longer cable in multiples of 5 m, cable lengths above 20 m in multiples of 10 m.) Total sensor thickness including covers is 5.4 x 10...

  • Page 15: Standards And Recommended Practices For Use

    Standards and recommended practices for use HFP01 should be used in accordance with the recommended practices of ISO and ASTM. 4.1 Heat flux measurement in building physics Many HFP01 sensors measure heat flux in buildings, estimating the building’s energy budget and thermal transmission of walls. Typically the total measurement system consist of multiple heat flux- and temperature sensors, sometimes combined with measurements of solar radiation, wind speed and wind direction.
  • Page 16 • conduction, calculated from heat flux and ambient air temperature difference (or the inverse value: U-value, or thermal transmittance) At Hukseflux we typically measure the wall thermal conductance using surface temperatures on the wall: Λ-value = 1/R = Φ/(T –...
  • Page 17 Installation is described in ISO 9869 paragraph 6.1.2. The standard recommends use of thermal paste and a passive guard ring with a width to thickness ratio of >5. Hukseflux discourages the use of thermal paste because it tends to dry out. Silicone glue and double sided tape are more reliable.
  • Page 18 ASTM 1046 offers good practices for installation and site selection. 4.1.3 Measurements on glass windows HFP01 may be mounted on glass windows; please note the following: we recommend using night-time data only. During daytime, the window material •...

  • Page 19: Heat Flux Measurement In Meteorology

    4.2 Heat flux measurement in meteorology Many HFP01 sensors are used to measure heat flux in soils, as part of meteorological surface flux measurement systems. Typically the total measuring system consists of multiple heat flux- and temperature sensors, combined with measurements of air temperature, humidity, solar- or net radiation and wind speed.
  • Page 20 The sensor sensitivity however potentially changes with time. Under normal conditions this change is < 1 %/yr. The user must excavate HFP01 sensors to verify their stable performance by laboratory calibration.
  • Page 21 The storage term may be the main source of uncertainty in the soil energy balance measurement. A typical value for dry soil heat capacity is 840 J/(kg·K). HFP01 HFP03 manual v1620 21/43...

  • Page 22: Installation Of Hfp01

    We recommend activating heaters or air conditioning to create optimal conditions. HFP01 HFP03 manual v1620 22/43...
  • Page 23 Signal amplification see the paragraph on electrical connection. In case of low heat fluxes and signals that are too small, consider use of multiple sensors electrically in series or consider using model HFP03. HFP01 HFP03 manual v1620 23/43...
  • Page 24 Figure 5.1.1 Installation of HFP01 on a wall using sided “removable” carpet laying tape such as TESA 4939, and a strain relief of the cable using a cable tie mount equipped with the same carpet laying tape as adhesive. HFP01 HFP03 manual v1620...

  • Page 25: Site Selection And Installation In Meteorology / The Soil

    Signal see the paragraph on electrical connection. In case of low heat fluxes and amplification signals that are too small to measure, consider use of multiple sensors in series and consider using model HFP03. HFP01 HFP03 manual v1620 25/43...

  • Page 26: Electrical Connection

    A heat flux sensor should be connected to a measurement system, typically a so-called datalogger. HFP01 is a passive sensor that does not need any power. Cables may act as a source of distortion, by picking up capacitive noise. We recommend keeping the distance between a datalogger or amplifier and the sensor as short as possible.
  • Page 27 U = U (Formula 5.3.2.2) Table 5.3.2.1 The electrical connection of two HFP01’s, 1 and 2, in series. In such case the sensitivity is the sum of the two sensitivities of the individual sensors. More sensors may be added in a similar manner.

  • Page 28: Requirements For Data Acquisition / Amplification

    HFP01 are available. In case a program for similar instruments is available, this can be used. HFP01 can be treated in the same way as other heat flux sensors and thermopile pyranometers.

  • Page 29: Making A Dependable Measurement

    Paragraph 5.2 of GUM. 5) Among the various sources of uncertainty, some are “uncorrelated”; cancelling or converging to zero when averaged over time; the off-diagonal elements of the covariance matrix are zero. Paragraph 5.1 of GUM. HFP01 HFP03 manual v1620 29/43...

  • Page 30: Typical Measurement Uncertainty Budget

    HFP01 measurement. 6.3 Contributions to the uncertainty budget 6.3.1 Calibration uncertainty HFP01’s factory calibration uncertainty under reference conditions is ± 3 % with a coverage factor k = 2. 6.3.2 Uncertainty caused by non-stability HFP01’s non-stability specification is < 1 %/yr.
  • Page 31 An otherwise uniform flux (1) is locally disturbed. Lines (3) represent isotherms. In this case the measured heat flux is smaller than the actual undisturbed flux, (1). HFP01 HFP03 manual v1620 31/43...
  • Page 32 In soils λ usually is not known. environment We discourage correction for this error because it relies on the assumption that the properties of the surrounding material as well as the contact resistance are known. HFP01 HFP03 manual v1620 32/43...
  • Page 33 6.3.5 Uncertainty caused by temperature dependence HFP01’s temperature dependence specification is < 0.1 %/°C. This means that for every °C deviation from the 20 °C reference temperature, 0.1 % uncertainty should be added in the uncertainty budget.

  • Page 34: Maintenance And Trouble Shooting

    The preferred way to obtain a reliable measurement is a regular critical review of the measured data, preferably checking against other measurements. Table 7.1.1 Recommended maintenance of HFP01. If possible the data analysis is done on a daily basis.

  • Page 35: Trouble Shooting

    Inspect the connection of the shield (typically connected at the datalogger side). Check the datalogger program in particular if the right sensitivity is entered. HFP01 sensitivity and serial number are marked on its cable. Check the electrical resistance of the sensor between the green [‒] and white [+] wires.

  • Page 36: Calibration And Checks In The Field

    On-site field calibration is possible by comparison to a calibration reference sensor. Usually mounted side by side, alternatively mounted on top of the field sensor. Hukseflux main recommendations for field calibrations are: 1) to compare to a calibration reference of the same brand and type as the field sensor 2) to connect both to the same electronics, so that electronics errors (also offsets) are eliminated.

  • Page 37: Hfp03

    HFP03 8.1 Introduction HFP03 Sensor model HFP03 is a high-sensitivity version of HFP01. The plate’s diameter is larger. HFP03 is specifically suitable for measurement of small flux levels, in the order of less than 1 W/m , for instance in geothermal applications. By using a ceramics-plastic composite body the total thermal resistance is kept small.
  • Page 38 (standard length 5 m, optionally longer cable in multiples of 5 m, cable lengths above 20 m in multiples of 10 m.) Total sensor thickness including covers is 5.4 x 10 HFP01 HFP03 manual v1620 38/43...
  • Page 39 HFP01 HFP03 manual v1620 39/43...

  • Page 40: Appendices

    Appendices 9.1 Appendix on cable extension / replacement HFP01 is equipped with one cable. Keep the distance between data logger or amplifier and sensor as short as possible. Cables may act as a source of distortion by picking up capacitive noise. In an electrically “quiet” environment the HFP01 cable may be extended without problem to 100 metres.

  • Page 41: Appendix On Standards For Calibration

    6 that a guarded hot plate, a heat flowmeter, a hot box or a thin heater apparatus are all allowed. Hukseflux employs a thin heater apparatus, uses a linear function according to X1.1 and uses a nominal temperature of 20 °C, in accordance with X2.2.

  • Page 42: Eu Declaration Of Conformity

    Emission: EN 61326-1 (2006) Immunity: EN 61326-1 (2006) Emission: EN 61000-3-2 (2006) Emission: EN 61000-3-3 (1995) + A1 (2001) + A2 (2005) Report: 08C01340RPT01, 06 January 2009 Eric HOEKSEMA Director Delft September 08, 2015 HFP01 HFP03 manual v1620 42/43...
  • Page 43 © 2016, Hukseflux Thermal Sensors B.V. www.hukseflux.com Hukseflux Thermal Sensors B.V. reserves the right to change specifications without notice.

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